EXHIBIT 4.5
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS,
INC.
and
________, AS WARRANT
AGENT
FORM OF COMMON
STOCK
WARRANT AGREEMENT
DATED AS OF
_______
NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS,
INC.
FORM OF COMMON STOCK WARRANT
AGREEMENT
Common Stock Warrant
Agreement (this “
Agreement ”), dated as of
between NovaBay Pharmaceuticals Inc. , a California corporation (the
“ Company ”) and
, a [corporation] [national banking association] organized and
existing under the laws of
and having a corporate trust office in
, as warrant agent (the “ Warrant Agent
”).
Whereas
, the Company proposes to sell [
if Warrants are sold with other securities—
[title of such other securities being offered] (the “
Other Securities ”) with] warrant certificates
evidencing one or more warrants (the “ Warrants
” or, individually, a “ Warrant ”)
representing the right to purchase Common Stock of the Company, par
value $0.01 per share (the “ Warrant Securities
”), such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates
issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the
“Warrant Certificates”; and
Whereas
, the Company desires the Warrant
Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is
willing so to act, in connection with the issuance, registration,
transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant
Certificates, and in this Agreement wishes to set forth, among
other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates
and the terms and conditions on which they may be issued,
registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and
replaced.
Now
Therefore , in
consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein
contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
ISSUANCE OF WARRANTS AND
EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES
1.1 Issuance
Of Warrants . [ If Warrants
alone— Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall
evidence one or more Warrants.] [ If Other Securities and
Warrants— Warrant Certificates shall be [initially]
issued in connection with the issuance of the Other Securities [but
shall be separately transferable on and after
(the “ Detachable Date ”)] [and shall not be
separately transferable] and each Warrant Certificate shall
evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced thereby
shall represent the right, subject to the provisions contained
herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Security. [
If Other Securities and Warrants— Warrant
Certificates shall be initially issued in units with the Other
Securities and each Warrant Certificate included in such a unit
shall evidence
Warrants for each [$
principal amount] [
shares] of Other Securities included in such unit.]
1.2 Execution
And Delivery Of Warrant Certificates . Each Warrant Certificate, whenever
issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the form set
forth in Exhibit A hereto, shall be dated the
date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such
letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation
and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the officers of the Company executing the same may
approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such
approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any
rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or
regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be
listed, or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates
shall be signed on behalf of the Company by any of its present or
future chief executive officers, presidents, senior vice
presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officers, chief legal
officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers, controllers, assistant
controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries under its
corporate seal reproduced thereon. Such signatures may
be manual or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and
may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant
Certificates. The seal of the Company may be in the form
of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or
otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.
No Warrant Certificate shall be valid for any
purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable,
until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned by the manual
signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the
Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so
countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.
In case any officer of the Company who shall
have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by
facsimile signature shall cease to be such officer before the
Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and
delivered by the Warrant Agent, such Warrant Certificates may be
countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who
signed Warrant Certificates ceased to be such officer of the
Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the
Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of
such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the
Company, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement
any such person was not such officer.
The term “holder” or “holder
of a Warrant Certificate” as used herein shall mean any
person in whose name at the time any Warrant Certificate shall be
registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for
that purpose [ If Other Securities and Warrants are not
immediately detachable— or upon the registration of
the Other Securities prior to the Detachable Date. Prior
to the Detachable Date, the Company will, or will cause the
registrar of the Other Securities to, make available at all times
to the Warrant Agent such information as to holders of the Other
Securities as may be necessary to keep the Warrant Agent’s
records up to date].
1.3 Issuance
Of Warrant Certificates . Warrant Certificates evidencing the
right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed by the Company
and delivered to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this
Warrant Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The
Warrant Agent shall, upon receipt of Warrant Certificates duly
executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant
Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant Certificates to or upon
the order of the Company.
ARTICLE 2
WARRANT PRICE, DURATION AND
EXERCISE OF WARRANTS
2.1 Warrant
Price. During
the period specified in Section 2.2, each Warrant shall,
subject to the terms of this Warrant Agreement and the applicable
Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder thereof to purchase the
number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable Warrant
Certificate at an exercise price of $
per Warrant Security, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of
certain events, as hereinafter provided. Such purchase
price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the
“ Warrant Price .”
2.2 Duration
Of Warrants . Each Warrant may be exercised in
whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the
date thereof] [
] and at or before [
] p.m., [
] time, on [
]
or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the
Warrant Agent and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to
their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant
Agent (the “ Expiration Date ”). Each
Warrant not exercised at or before [
] p.m., [
] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and all rights of
the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under
this Agreement shall cease.
2.3 Exercise
Of Warrants .
(a)
During the period specified in
Section 2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole
number of Warrant Securities in registered form by providing
certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant
Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United
States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank
check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in
immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant
Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised to the
Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such
exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such
payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the
form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the
reverse side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly
executed. The date on which payment in full of the
Warrant Price is received by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to
receipt of the Warrant Certificate as aforesaid, be deemed to be
the date on which the Warrant is exercised; provided, however, that
if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment
in full of the Warrant Price, the transfer books for the Warrant
Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be
closed, no such receipt of such Warrant Certificates and no such
payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the
person so designated to be named as the holder of record of such
Warrant Securities on such date, but shall be effective to
constitute such person as the holder of record of such Warrant
Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next
succeeding day on which the transfer books for the Warrant
Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be
opened, and the certificates for the Warrant Securities in respect
of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of
the date on such next succeeding day on which the transfer books
shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be
under no duty to deliver any certificate for such Warrant
Securities. The Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds
received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the
Company maintained with it and shall advise the Company by
telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the
exercise of Warrants is received of the amount so deposited to its
account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such
telephone advice to the Company in writing.
(b)
The Warrant Agent shall, from time
to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i) the
number of Warrant Securities with respect to which Warrants were
exercised, (ii) the instructions of each holder of the Warrant
Certificates evidencing such Warrants with respect to delivery of
the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such
exercise, (iii) delivery of Warrant Certificates evidencing the
balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant
Securities after such exercise, and (iv) such other information as
the Company shall reasonably require.
(c)
As soon as practicable after the
exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue to or upon the
order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such
Warrant the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled, in
fully registered form, registered in such name or names as may be
directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the
Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the
Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant
Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant
Certificate evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant
Securities remaining unexercised.
(d)
The Company shall not be required to
pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to
be paid in connection with any transfer involved in the issue of
the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is
involved, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any
Warrant Security until such tax or other charge shall have been
paid or it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction
that no such tax or other charge is due.
(e)
Prior to the issuance of any
Warrants there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at
all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved, out of its
authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares
sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.
ARTICLE 3
OTHER PROVISIONS RELATING TO
RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES
3.1 No
Rights As Warrant Securityholder Conferred By Warrants Or Warrant
Certificates . No Warrant Certificate or Warrant
evidenced thereby shall entitle the holder thereof to any of the
rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without
limitation, the right to receive the payment of dividends or
distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any
voting rights, except to the extent expressly set forth in this
Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate.
3.2 Lost,
Stolen, Mutilated Or Destroyed Warrant Certificates
. Upon receipt by the
Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and the
Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or
mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case
of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate
to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of
notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant
Certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company
shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall
manually countersign and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the
lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new
Warrant Certificate of the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a
like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of
any new Warrant Certificate under this Section 3.2, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation
thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith. Every
substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to
this Section 3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual
obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by
anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement
equally and proportionately with any and all other Warrant
Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The
provisions of this Section 3.2 are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with
respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificates.
3.3 Holder
Of Warrant Certificate May Enforce Rights . Notwithstanding any of the
provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate,
without the consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant
Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate, may, in
such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own
benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action
or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise
in respect of, such holder’s right to exercise the Warrants
evidenced by such holder’s Warrant Certificate in the manner
provided in such holder’s Warrant Certificate and in this
Agreement.
(a)
In case the Company shall at any
time subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
greater number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately
prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced and the
number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants shall
be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the
outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be combined
into a smaller number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect
immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately
increased and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under
the Warrants shall be proportionately decreased.
(b)
If at any time or from time to time
the holders of Common Stock (or any shares of stock or other
securities at the time receivable upon the exercise of the
Warrants) shall have received or become entitled to receive,
without payment therefore,
(i)
Common Stock or any shares of stock
or other securities which are at any time directly or indirectly
convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, or any rights or
options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the
foregoing by way of dividend or other distribution;
(ii)
any
cash paid or payable otherwise than as a cash dividend paid or
payable out of the Company’s current or retained
earnings;
(iii)
any evidence of the Company’s
indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the
Company’s indebtedness; or
(iv)
Common Stock
or additional stock or other securities or property (including
cash) by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination of
shares or similar corporate rearrangement (other than shares of
Common Stock issued as a stock split or adjustments in respect of
which shall be covered by the terms of Section 3.4(a) above),
then and in each such case, the holder of each Warrant shall, upon
the exercise of the Warrant, be entitled to receive, in addition to
the number of Warrant Securities receivable thereupon, and without
payment of any additional consideration therefore, the amount of
stock and other securities and property (including cash and
indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase indebtedness)
which such holder would hold on the date of such exercise had he
been the holder of record of such Warrant Securities as of the date
on which holders of Common Stock received or became entitled to
receive such shares or all other additional stock and other
securities and property.
(c)
In case of (i) any reclassification,
capital reorganization, or change in the Common Stock of the
Company (other than as a result of a subdivision, combination, or
stock dividend provided for in Section 3.4(a) or
Section 3.4(b) above), (ii) share exchange, merger or similar
transaction of the Company with or into another person or entity
(other than a share exchange, merger or similar transaction in
which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and
which does not result in any change in the Common Stock other than
the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock) or (iii) the
sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition of all or
substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an
entirety (in any such case, a “ Reorganization Event
”), then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful
provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents evidencing
the same from the Company or its successor shall be delivered to
the holders of the Warrants, so that the holders of the Warrants
shall have the right at any time prior to the expiration of the
Warrants to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable upon
the exercise of the Warrants, the kind and amount of shares of
stock and other securities and property receivable in connection
with such Reorganization Event by a holder of the same number of
Warrant Securities as were purchasable by the holders of the
Warrants immediately prior to such Reorganization
Event. In any such case appropriate provisions shall be
made with respect to the rights and interests of the holders of the
Warrants so that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be
applicable with respect to any shares of stock or other securities
and property deliverable upon exercise the Warrants, and
appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Warrant Price payable
hereunder provided the aggregate purchase price shall remain the
same. In the case of any transaction described in
clauses (ii) and (iii) above, the Company shall thereupon be
relieved of any further obligation hereunder or under the Warrants,
and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon or at
any time thereafter be dissolved, wound up or
liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon
may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own name or in
the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable
hereunder which heretofore shall not have been signed by the
Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in
fulfillment of its obligations to deliver Warrant Securities upon
exercise of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued
shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under
this Agreement as the Warrants theretofore or thereafter issued in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of such
Warrants had been issued at the date of the execution
hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event,
such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be
made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be
appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written
opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence that any such
Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section
3.4.
(d)
The Company may, at its option, at
any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the then current Warrant
Price to any amount deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors of
the Company for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days
(as evidenced in a resolution adopted by such Board of Directors),
but only upon giving the notices required by Section 3.5 at
least ten days prior to taking such action.
(e)
Except as herein otherwise expressly
provided, no adjustment in the Warrant Price shall be made by
reason of the issuance of shares of Common Stock, or securities
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, or
securities carrying the right to purchase any of the foregoing or
for any other reason whatsoever.
(f)
No fractional Warrant Securities shall be issued
upon the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant
shall be exercised at one time by the same holder, the number of
full Warrant Securities which shall be issuable upon such exercise
shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant
Securities purchased pursuant to the Warrants so
exercised. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security
which would otherwise be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the
Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in
an amount equal to the same fraction of the last reported sale
price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security,
in either case as reported on the principal registered national
securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or
admitted to trading on the business day that next precedes the day
of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or
admitted to trading on any registered national securities exchange,
the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as
reported on the OTC Bulletin Board Service (the “ OTC
Bulletin Board ”) operated by the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“ FINRA ”) or, if
not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the
closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other U.S.
quotat