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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

Underwriting Agreement

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 


UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT | Document Parties: ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. You are currently viewing:
This Underwriting Agreement involves

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

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Title: ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
Governing Law: New York     Date: 3/14/2008
Industry: Semiconductors     Law Firm: Holland Knight;Latham Watkins     Sector: Technology

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 


UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT, Parties: ascent solar technologies  inc.
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Exhibit 1.1

[            ] Shares of Common Stock

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.


UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

[                        ], 2008

BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
    As Representative of the
    several Underwriters named in
    Schedule I attached hereto (the "Representative")
c/o Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
383 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10179

Ladies/Gentlemen:

        Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Delaware (the "Company"), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the "Underwriters") an aggregate of [                        ] shares (the "Firm Shares") of its Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock"). For the sole purpose of covering over-allotments in connection with the sale of the Firm Shares, at the option of the Underwriters, the Company also proposes to issue and sell to the Underwriters up to an additional [                        ] shares of Common Stock (the "Additional Shares"). The Firm Shares and any Additional Shares purchased by the Underwriters are referred to herein as the "Shares." Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. ("Bear Stearns") is acting as lead manager in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares contemplated herein (the "Offering").

        1.     Representations and Warranties of the Company.     The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that:

        (a)   The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), relating to the Shares, on Form S-3 (No. 333-[                        ]) (the initial filing and all pre-effective amendments thereto collectively being referred to as the "Initial Registration Statement"); and such Initial Registration Statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, each in the form previously delivered to you, have been declared effective by the Commission, in such form. Other than a registration statement, if any, increasing the size of the Offering (a "Rule 462(b) Registration Statement") filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, which will become effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Initial Registration Statement has heretofore been filed with the Commission. The various parts of the Initial Registration Statement and the 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, including all exhibits thereto (including, without limitation, those exhibits incorporated by reference) and including (i) the information contained in the form of final prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof and deemed by virtue of Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the Initial Registration Statement at the time it became effective under the Securities Act with respect to the Underwriters, and (ii) the documents incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the Initial Registration Statement at the time such part of the Initial Registration Statement becomes effective, each as amended at the time such part of the Initial Registration Statement or Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, became or hereafter becomes effective under the Securities Act with respect to the Underwriters, are hereafter collectively referred to as the "Registration Statement." Any reference to any amendment to the Registration Statement shall be deemed to refer to and include any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), after the effective


 


date of the Initial Registration Statement that is incorporated by reference therein. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or threatened by the Commission.

        The final prospectus relating to the Shares, in the form first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, is hereafter referred to as the "Prospectus". Any preliminary prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act is hereafter referred to as a "Preliminary Prospectus;" and the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Shares, dated [            ], is hereafter referred to as the "Pricing Prospectus." Any "issuer free writing prospectus" (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating to the Shares is hereafter referred to as an "Issuer Free Writing Prospectus"; and the Pricing Prospectus, as supplemented by the public offering price of the Shares, the number of Shares offered and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, attached and listed in Annex III hereto, taken together, are hereafter referred to collectively as the "Pricing Disclosure Package." Any reference herein to any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 that were filed under the Exchange Act on or before the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be; and any reference herein to any "amendment" or "supplement" to any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include (i) the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be, which is incorporated therein by reference and (ii) any such document so filed.

        The Company was not an "ineligible issuer" (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) as of the eligibility determination date for purposes of Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act with respect to the offering of the Shares contemplated hereby.

        All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, shall be deemed to include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System ("EDGAR").

        (b)   The Registration Statement complies and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the "Rules and Regulations"), and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date as to each part of the Registration Statement and as of the applicable filing date as to the Prospectus and any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; provided , however , that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein. The parties hereto agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative consists solely of the material referred to in Section 16 hereof.

        (c)   No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations, and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided , however ,

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that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any information contained in or omitted from any Preliminary Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein. The parties hereto agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative consists solely of the material referred to in Section 16 hereof.

        (d)   For purposes of this Agreement, the "Applicable Time" means [            ] P.M., New York City time, on [                        ], 2008. The Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date and the Additional Closing Date, if any (each as hereinafter defined), will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complies in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, and does not include information that conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus not listed in Annex III hereto, as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date and the Additional Closing Date, if any, will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No representation and warranty is made in this Section 1(d) with respect to any information contained in or omitted from the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein. The parties hereto agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative consists solely of the material referred to in Section 16 hereof.

        (e)   Hein & Associates LLP, who have certified the financial statements and supporting schedules and information of the Company and its subsidiaries that are included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus and whose reports appear or are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus are independent public accountants as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations.

        (f)    Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Prospectus, except as disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus, (i) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends, or made any other distribution of any kind, on or in respect of its capital stock, (ii) there has not been any change in the capital stock or long-term or short-term debt of the Company, (iii) the Company has not sustained any material loss or interference with its business or properties from fire, explosion, flood, hurricane, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or any legal or governmental proceeding, and (iv) there has not been any material adverse change or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, stockholders' equity, properties or prospects of the Company, individually or taken as a whole (a "Material Adverse Change"). Since the date of the latest balance sheet included, or incorporated by reference, in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Prospectus, the Company has not incurred or undertaken any liabilities or obligations, whether direct or indirect, liquidated or contingent, matured or unmatured, or entered into any transactions, including any acquisition or disposition of any business or asset, which are material to the Company, individually or taken as a whole, except for liabilities, obligations and transactions which are disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus.

        (g)   The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are fully paid and non-assessable

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and have been duly and validly authorized and issued, in compliance with all applicable state, federal and foreign securities laws and not in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar right that entitles any person to acquire from the Company any Common Stock or other equity security of the Company or any security convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Stock or any other such security (any "Relevant Security"), except for such rights as may have been fully satisfied or waived prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. All of the issued shares of capital stock of or other ownership interests in each Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company free and clear of any lien, charge, mortgage, pledge, security interest, claim, equity, trust or other encumbrance, preferential arrangement, defect or restriction of any kind whatsoever (any "Lien").

        (h)   The Shares to be delivered on the Closing Date and the Additional Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), if any, have been duly and validly authorized and, when issued and delivered in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, will have been issued in compliance with all applicable state, federal and foreign securities laws and will not have been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar right that entitles any person to acquire any Relevant Security from the Company. The Common Stock and the Shares conform to the descriptions thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus. Except as disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus, the Company has no outstanding warrants, options to purchase, or any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any Relevant Security. Except as disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus, no holder of any Relevant Security has any rights to require registration under the Securities Act of any Relevant Security in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares contemplated hereby, and any such rights so disclosed have either been fully complied with by the Company or effectively waived by the holders thereof.

        (i)    The Company has no "subsidiaries" (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act). The Company has been duly organized and validly exists as a corporation, partnership or limited liability company in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. The Company is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation, partnership or limited liability company in each jurisdiction in which the character or location of its properties (owned, leased or licensed) or the nature or conduct of its business makes such qualification necessary, except for those failures to be so qualified or in good standing which (individually and in the aggregate) could not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on (i) the business, general affairs, management, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, stockholders' equity, properties or prospects of the Company, taken as a whole; or (ii) the ability of the Company to consummate the Offering or any other transaction contemplated by this Agreement or the Pricing Prospectus (a "Material Adverse Effect").

        (j)    The Company has all requisite power and authority, and all necessary consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations, qualifications, licenses, filings and permits of, with and from all judicial, regulatory and other legal or governmental agencies and bodies and all third parties, foreign and domestic (collectively, the "Consents"), to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as it is now being conducted and as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Prospectus, and each such Consent is valid and in full force and effect, except in each case as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received notice of any investigation or proceedings which, if decided adversely to the Company, could reasonably be expected to result in, the revocation of, or imposition of a materially burdensome restriction on, any such Consent.

        (k)   This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

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        (l)    The issue and sale of the Shares, the compliance by the Company with this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated do not and will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement, instrument, franchise, license or permit to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or their respective properties, operations or assets may be bound or (ii) violate or conflict with any provision of the certificate or articles of incorporation, by-laws, certificate of formation, limited liability company agreement, partnership agreement or other organizational documents of the Company, or (iii) violate or conflict with any statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, directive, judgment, decree or order of any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign.

        (m)  No Consent of, with or from any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body or any third party, foreign or domestic, is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except the registration under the Securities Act of the Shares and such consents as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws or the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA") in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters, each of which has been obtained and is in full force and effect.

        (n)   Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, there is no judicial, regulatory, arbitral or other legal or governmental proceeding or other litigation or arbitration, domestic or foreign, pending to which the Company is a party or of which any property, operations or assets of the Company is the subject which, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; to the Company's knowledge, no such proceeding, litigation or arbitration is threatened or contemplated; and the defense of all such proceedings, litigation and arbitration against or involving the Company could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

        (o)   The financial statements and pro forma data, including the notes thereto, and the supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position as of the dates indicated and the cash flows and results of operations for the periods specified of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries; except as otherwise stated in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved; and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be stated therein. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or the Rules and Regulations. The other financial and statistical information included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly the information included therein and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and the books and records of the respective entities presented therein.

        (p)   The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.

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        (q)   The Common Stock has been registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. The shares of Common Stock have been approved for quotation on the Nasdaq Global Market ("Nasdaq"), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or de-listing the Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.

        (r)   The Company maintains a system of internal accounting and other controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accounting for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

        (s)   The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that complies in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by the Company's principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

        (t)    The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the Company's principal executive officer and principal accounting officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

        (u)   There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of its directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), including, without limitation, Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

        (v)   Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates (within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act) has taken, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.

        (w)  Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates (within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act) has, prior to the date hereof, made any offer or sale of any securities which could be "integrated" (within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations) with the offer and sale of the Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement.

        (x)   The statements set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus under the caption "Description of Securities," insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Common Stock, and under the captions "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and

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"Underwriting," insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate, complete and fair in all material respects.

        (y)   The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and files periodic reports with the Commission, and the conditions for use of Form S-3 to register and offer the Shares under the Securities Act have been satisfied. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations and, when read together with the other information in the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, as applicable, do not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

        (z)   The Company is not and, at all times up to and including consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and after giving effect to application of the net proceeds of the Offering as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, will not be, required to register as an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and is not and will not be an entity "controlled" by an "investment company" within the meaning of such act.

        (aa) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder's fee or other like payment in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or, to the Company's knowledge, any arrangements, agreements, understandings, payments or issuance with respect to the Company or any of its officers, directors, shareholders, partners, employees, Subsidiaries or affiliates that may affect the Underwriters' compensation as determined by FINRA.

        (bb) The Company owns or leases all such properties as are necessary to the conduct of its business as presently operated and as proposed to be operated as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by it, in each case free and clear of any and all Liens except such as are described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus or such as do not (individually or in the aggregate) materially affect the value of such property or materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company; and any real property and buildings held under lease or sublease by the Company are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material to, and do not materially interfere with, the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company. The Company has not received any notice of any claim adverse to its ownership of any real or personal property or of any claim against the continued possession of any real property, whether owned or held under lease or sublease by the Company.

        (cc) The Company owns or possesses the valid right to use all (i) inventions (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice), all improvements thereto, and all patents, patent applications, and patent disclosures, together with all provisionals, reissuances, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions, revisions, extensions, and reexaminations thereof, (ii) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, logos, brand names, trade names, domain names and corporate names, and all applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (iii) copyrightable works, copyrights, software (including source code and object code versions), and all applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (iv) mask works and all applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (v) all trade secrets and confidential business information (including ideas,

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research and development, know-how, formulas, compositions, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, technical data, designs, drawings, specifications, research records, records of inventions, test information, customer and supplier lists, pricing and cost information, and business and marketing plans and proposals), and (vi) other intellectual property and proprietary rights (collectively, "Intellectual Property") used in the conduct of their respective businesses as presently conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus. To the Company's knowledge, the conduct of its business does not and will not infringe, misappropriate, dilute, or otherwise violate the Intellectual Property rights of any third party. The Company has not received any notice, claim, charge or demand from any third party alleging that the conduct of its business infringes, misappropriates, dilutes, or otherwise violates the Intellectual Property rights of any third party. To the Company's knowledge, all Intellectual Property of the Company that derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to the public or to other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use has been maintained in confidence in accordance with protection procedures that are adequate for protection, and in accordance with procedures customarily used in the industry to protect rights of like importance. The Company has not granted, licensed, or assigned to any other person or entity any right to manufacture, have manufactured, make, have made, assemble or otherwise market or sell the current products and services of the Company or those products and services described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus. To the Company's knowledge, there is no infringement, misappropriation, dilution, or other violation by third parties of any Intellectual Property of the Company. There is no pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the legality, validity, enforceability, registration, use or ownership of any Intellectual Property of the Company, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim. There is no pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Intellectual Property of the Company infringes, misappropriates, dilutes, or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property rights of others, and the Company is unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim.

        (dd) The Company maintains insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company reasonably considers adequate for the conduct of its business and the value of its properties and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries, all of which insurance is in full force and effect, except where the failure to maintain such insurance could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There are no material claims by the Company under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause. The Company reasonably believes that it will be able to renew its existing insurance as and when such coverage expires or will be able to obtain replacement insurance adequate for the conduct of the business and the value of its properties at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

        (ee) The Company has accurately prepared and timely filed all federal, state, foreign and other tax returns that are required to be filed by it and has paid or made provision for the payment of all taxes, assessments, governmental or other similar charges, including without limitation, all sales and use taxes and all taxes which the Company is obligated to withhold from amounts owing to employees, creditors and third parties, with respect to the periods covered by such tax returns (whether or not such amounts are shown as due on any tax return). No deficiency assessment with respect to a proposed adjustment of the Company's federal, state, local or foreign taxes is pending or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, threatened. The accruals and reserves on the books and records of the Company in respect of tax liabilities for any taxable period not finally determined are adequate to meet any assessments and related liabilities for any such period and, since the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company has not incurred any liability for taxes other than in the ordinary course of its business. There is no tax lien, whether imposed by any federal, state, foreign or other taxing authority, outstanding against the assets, properties or business of the Company.

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        (ff)  No labor disturbance by the employees of the Company exists or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, is imminent and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbances by the employees of any of its principal suppliers, manufacturers', customers or contractors, which, in either case (individually or in the aggregate), could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

        (gg) No "prohibited transaction" (as defined in either Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder ("ERISA") or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the "Code")), "accumulated funding deficiency" (as defined in Section 302 of ERISA) or other event of the kind described in Section 4043(b) of ERISA (other than events with respect to which the 30-day notice requirement under Section 4043 of ERISA has been waived) has occurred with respect to any employee benefit plan for which the Company would have any liability which could (individually or in the aggregate) reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; each employee benefit plan for which the Company would have any liability is in compliance in all material respects with applicable law, including (without limitation) ERISA and the Code; the Company has not incurred and does not expect to incur liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the termination of, or withdrawal from any "pension plan"; and each plan for which the Company would have any liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred to the Company's knowledge, whether by action or by failure to act, which could cause the loss of such qualification.

        (hh) There has been no storage, generation, transportation, handling, use, treatment, disposal, discharge, emission, contamination, release or other activity involving any kind of hazardous, toxic or other wastes, pollutants, contaminants, petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances, chemicals or materials ("Hazardous Substances") by, due to, on behalf of, or caused by the Company (or, to the Company's knowledge, any other entity for whose acts or omissions the Company is or may be liable) upon any property now or previously owned, operated, used or leased by the Company, or upon any other property, which would be a violation of or give rise to any liability under any applicable law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit, common law provision or other legally binding standard relating to pollution or protection of human health and the environment ("Environmental Law"), except for violations and liabilities which, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There has been no disposal, discharge, emission contamination or other release of any kind at, onto or from any such property or into the environment surrounding any such property of any Hazardous Substances with respect to which the Company has knowledge, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not agreed to assume, undertake or provide indemnification for any liability of any other person under any Environmental Law, including any obligation for cleanup or remedial action, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial action, claim or notice of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company. No property of the Company is subject to any Lien under any Environmental Law. The Company is not subject to any order, decree, agreement or other individualized legal requirement related to any Environmental Law.

        (ii)   None of the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, its employees or agents, has at any time during the last five years (i) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for foreign office, or failed to disclose fully any such contribution in violation of law, or (ii) made any payment to any federal or state governmental officer or official, or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties, other than payments required or permitted by the laws of the United States of any jurisdiction thereof. The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in

9


 


compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued,


 
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