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Exhibit 10.1
EXECUTION COPY
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
by and among
PROQUEST COMPANY,
PROQUEST INFORMATION AND LEARNING COMPANY,
PROQUEST CANADA/U.K. HOLDINGS, LLC,
and
I&L HOLDINGS, INC.,
I&L OPERATING LLC,
CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS, LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
Dated as of December 14, 2006
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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-i-
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
(continued)
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-ii-
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
(continued)
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-iii-
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
(continued)
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* Exhibit B, Schedules to the Agreement and
Parent Disclosure Schedule omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2)
of Regulation S-K.
-iv-
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND PLAN
OF MERGER
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of
December 14, 2006 (this " Agreement "), is by and among
ProQuest Information and Learning Company, a Delaware corporation
(the " U.S. Company "); I&L Holdings, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (" Buyer Parent "); I&L Operating LLC, a
Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of
Buyer Parent (" Buyer Sub ," and with Buyer Parent, the "
Buying Parties "); ProQuest Company (" Parent "), a
Delaware Corporation; ProQuest Canada/U.K. Holdings, LLC, a
Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of
Parent (" Canada/U.K. LLC "); and, solely for purposes of
Article V and Section 12.1, Cambridge Scientific
Abstracts, Limited Partnership, a Maryland limited partnership ("
Guarantor "). Parent, the Buying Parties and Guarantor may
be referred to in this Agreement individually as a " Party "
or collectively as " Parties ." Capitalized terms used
herein shall have the meanings set forth in Article I unless
otherwise defined herein.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth
in this Agreement, Buyer Parent desires to purchase from the U.S.
Company 1,000 shares of the Preferred Stock (as hereinafter
defined) (such transaction, the " Issuance ");
WHEREAS, the U.S. Company and Buyer Parent desire to establish
certain rights and obligations in connection therewith;
WHEREAS, Section 18-209 of the Delaware Act authorizes the
merger of a Delaware limited liability company with and into
another domestic limited liability company;
WHEREAS, in connection with and immediately after the Issuance,
Buyer Parent desires to merge Canada/U.K. LLC with and into Buyer
Sub (the " Merger ," together with the Issuance, the "
Transactions "), upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth in this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, following the consummation of the Transactions, Buyer
Parent shall cause Buyer Sub (or a wholly-owned subsidiary of Buyer
Sub) to merge with and into the U.S. Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in
this Agreement, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Defined terms used in this Agreement shall have the following
meanings ascribed to such terms:
" Acquired Entities " shall mean the U.S. Company, and
its Subsidiaries (except for Voyager Holding Corp. and its
Subsidiaries which shall be deemed Retained Subsidiaries), and the
Foreign Subsidiaries.
" Acquisition Proposal " shall mean any inquiry, proposal
or offer from any Person or Group, as such term is defined in
Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (other than the Buying Parties) relating to any direct
or indirect acquisition (whether in a single transaction or a
series of related transactions) (i) of assets included in the
Business (excluding sales of assets in the ordinary course of
business) that in aggregate constitutes 35% or more of the value of
the Business’s assets or to which in aggregate 35% or more of
the Business’s net revenues or net earnings are attributable,
taken as a whole, (ii) 35% or more of any class or series of
capital stock of any the Acquired Entities (by vote or value) or
(iii) any merger, reorganization, consolidation, share
exchange, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation,
dissolution or similar transaction involving the assets of the
Business with a value set forth in clause (i) of this
definition, other than the Transactions.
" Affiliate " shall mean, with respect to any Person, any
other Person that controls, is controlled by, or is under common
control with such Person. The term "control" means the possession,
directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the
direction of the management and policies of a Person, by ownership
of securities, contract, credit arrangement or otherwise.
" Agreement " shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.
" Allocated Tax Credit " shall mean any Tax refund,
credit or reduction in otherwise required Tax payments attributable
to the minimum tax credit carryovers and general business credit
carryovers allocated to the U.S. Company as of the Closing Date
pursuant to the Treasury Regulations under Section 1502 of the
Code.
" Allocated Tax Credits Benefit " shall mean the value of
any Allocated Tax Credit actually realized by the U.S. Company, the
Buying Parties, or any Group of which any of the U.S. Company or a
Buying Party is a member. The extent to which an Allocated Tax
Credit is realized shall be determined by comparing (i) the
amount of the federal Income Tax liability shown on any federal
Income Tax Return that includes an Allocated Tax Credit in the
calculation of Tax liability with (ii) the amount of such Tax
liability computed without the use of such Allocated Tax
Credit.
" Alternative Proposal " shall mean any inquiry, proposal
or offer from any Person or Group, as such term is defined in
Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (other than the Buying Parties) relating to any direct
or indirect acquisition or purchase (whether in a single
transaction or a series of related transactions) (i) of a
business or division (or more than one of them) that in aggregate
constitutes 75% or more of the value of Parent’s assets or to
which in aggregate 75% or more of Parent’s net revenues or
net earnings are attributable, taken as a whole, (ii) 75% or
more of any class or series of capital stock of Parent (by vote or
value) or (iii) any merger, reorganization, consolidation,
share exchange, business combination, recapitalization,
liquidation, dissolution or similar transaction involving any of
Parent (or any Subsidiary of Parent whose business constitutes 75%
or more of the net revenues, net earnings or assets of Parent and
its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole).
- 2 -
" Antitrust Laws " shall mean the Sherman
Act, the Clayton Act, the HSR Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act
and all other applicable Laws issued by any Governmental Authority
that are designed or intended to prohibit, restrict or regulate
actions having the purpose or effect of monopolization or restraint
of trade or lessening of competition through merger or
acquisition.
" Base Price " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in Section 2.3(b).
" Beneficial Interest " shall mean the right to vote,
receive the dividends and distributions on or sell or cause the
sale, transfer or any other disposition whatsoever of, and all
other rights incident to legal and beneficial ownership of, the
securities subject to such interest.
" Benefit Plans " shall mean all employee benefit plans
(as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not subject
to ERISA), pension, retirement, stock purchase, stock option,
severance, employment, change-in-control, vacation, medical,
dental, vision care, disability, employee relocation, cafeteria
benefit, dependant care, life or accident insurance, equity-related
service award, car allowance, fringe benefit, collective
bargaining, bonus, incentive and deferred compensation plans and
agreements, including governmental, state sponsored, social or
similar arrangements (a) under which any Business Employee
currently has any current or future right to benefits or
(b) under which any Acquired Entity has or may have any
liability.
" Books and Records " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 6.6(a).
" Business " shall mean the business of providing content
through paper, electronic, digital, compact disc and microfilm
media to schools, academic institutions, corporations and public
libraries on a worldwide basis by Parent through the Acquired
Entities on the date hereof; provided , however ,
that the Business shall not include the Parent’s Voyager
business segment, including the K-12 Curriculum and Reading A-Z
business.
" Business Day " shall mean any day, excluding Saturday,
Sunday and any other day on which commercial banks in New York, New
York are authorized or required by Law to close.
" Business Employees " shall mean Current Business
Employees and Other Business Employees, or any one of them.
" Buyer Event " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in Section 6.7(l)(3).
" Business IT Systems " means all computer systems and
networks, including all hardware, equipment, computer software and
Internet websites and content therein, owned by, licensed to or
leased by the Business that are used or held for use primarily in
connection with the Business.
" Buyer Group Company " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 8.5(a)(1).
- 3 -
" Buyer Indemnitees " shall have the
meaning prescribed to such term in Section 10.1(a).
" Buyer Material Adverse Effect " shall mean a material
adverse effect on the ability of any of the Buying Parties to
consummate the Transactions and perform all of its obligations
hereunder.
" Buyer Notice " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 8.2.
" Buyer Parent " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in the preamble.
" Buyer Parent Termination Fee " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 11.3(b).
" Buyer Savings Plan " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 6.7(c).
" Buyer Sub " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in the preamble.
" Buying Parties " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in the preamble.
" Canada/U.K. LLC " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in the preamble.
" Cash Flow " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in Section 4.7.
" Clayton Act " shall mean the Clayton Act of 1914, as
amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and
any successor to such statute, rules or regulations.
" Closing " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in Section 9.1.
" Closing Date " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 9.1.
" Closing Working Capital Value " shall be determined in
accordance with the principles employed in Schedule 1.1
hereto.
" Code " shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and
any successor to such statute, rules or regulations.
" Commitment Letters " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 5.6.
" Common Stock " shall mean all common shares of stock of
the U.S. Company issued and outstanding as of the Closing Date.
" Confidentiality Letter " shall mean the Nondisclosure
Agreement dated July 26, 2006 between Parent and Cambridge
Information Group, Inc.
- 4 -
" Continuing Employees " shall have the
meaning prescribed to such term in Section 6.7(a).
" Contract " shall mean any contract or other legally
binding agreement.
" Controlled Group Liabilities " are any and all
liabilities incurred (a) under Title IV of ERISA,
(b) under Section 302 of ERISA, (c) under Sections
412 and 4971 of the Code, and/or (d) as a result of Parent
failing to comply with the continuation coverage requirements of
Section 601 et. seq. of the Code and Section 701 et. seq.
of ERISA, in each case relating to any Employee Benefit Plan.
" Current Assets " shall mean those current and other
assets of the Acquired Entities set forth on Schedule 1.1
hereto.
" Current Business Employee " shall mean all Persons who
are employed by the Acquired Entities.
" Current Liabilities " shall mean those current and
other liabilities of the Acquired Entities set forth on Schedule
1.1 hereto.
" Debt Financing " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 5.6.
" Deed " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in Section 6.7(l)(1).
" Delaware Act " shall mean the Delaware Limited
Liability Company Act, 6 Del.C. §18-101, et
seq.
" Designated Arbitrator " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 3.2(b).
" Disclosed Contracts " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 4.11(b).
" Employee Welfare Benefit Plan " shall have the meaning
set forth in ERISA §3(1).
" Environmental Law " shall mean all U.S. and foreign
federal, state, local and other statutes and regulations having the
force of law and as in force on the date of this Agreement and
concerning pollution or protection of the environment, including
all those relating to the presence, use, production, generation,
handling, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal,
distribution, labeling, testing, processing, discharge, release,
threatened release, control, or cleanup of any Hazardous
Substances, materials, or wastes, chemical substances, or mixtures,
pollutants, contaminants, toxic chemicals.
" ERISA " shall mean the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules or
regulations.
- 5 -
" ERISA Affiliate " means any entity that
would be deemed a "single employer" with Parent or any of the
Acquired Entities under Section 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of
the Code or Section 4001 of ERISA.
" Excluded Assets " shall mean (a) the equity
interests or other Beneficial Interests in Voyager Holding Corp.
and its Subsidiaries, (b) any and all assets, properties,
rights and claims of ProQuest Information Access Canada that are
not used exclusively in or arise exclusively out of the conduct of
the Business, (c) any and all assets properties, rights and
claims of the U.S. Company that are used primarily in or arise
primarily out of the conduct of the K-12 Curriculum and Reading A
to Z business as conducted as of the date hereof, (d) those
assets, properties, rights and claims set forth on Schedule
1.2 hereto and (e) any refunds payable to the U.S. Company
with respect to Michigan sales and use taxes for the years 1999
through 2005.
" Excluded Liabilities " shall mean (a) liabilities
relating to or arising out of the Excluded Assets and (b) any
liability of the U.S. Company for Michigan sales and use taxes for
the years 1999 through 2005 in excess of amounts previously paid
therefore by the U.S. Company.
" Existing Severance Costs " means the amount of unpaid
cash severance as of the Closing Date payable to the terminated
employees set forth on Schedule 1.3 .
" Federal Trade Commission Act " shall mean the Federal
Trade Commission Act of 1914, as amended, and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder, and any successor to such
statute, rules or regulations.
" Foreign Subsidiaries " shall mean (a) ProQuest
Information Access Canada and (b) ProQuest UK Holdings, Ltd.,
ProQuest Information & Learning UK and its Subsidiary.
" Funded Debt " shall mean all debt (including principal
and accrued and unpaid interest) for borrowed money, and all swaps
or similar hedging instruments of the Business owed to any
Affiliate or any bank, other financial institution or any other
Person that under GAAP are required to be reflected as
indebtedness, excluding current trade accounts payable and
capitalized lease obligations of any Acquired Entity.
" GAAP " shall mean United States generally accepted
accounting principles.
" Group " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in Section 8.1(a).
" Governmental Authority " shall mean any foreign,
federal, state, provincial or local governmental or regulatory
commission, board, bureau, agency, court or regulatory or
administrative body.
" Guarantor " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in the preamble.
" Hazardous Substances " shall have the meaning of that
term as defined in the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liberty Act of 1980, as amended, at 42 U.S.C.
Section 9601(14) (and any regulations promulgated
thereunder).
- 6 -
" HSR Act " shall mean the
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended,
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and any
successor to such statute, rules or regulations.
" IBM Cancellation Fee " shall mean the remaining amount
payable to IBM Global Services as of the Closing Date pursuant to
Section 2.8.4 of that certain ProQuest Wind-Down
Agreement & Transition Services Statement of Work, dated
February 15, 2006, between IBM Global Services, Parent and the
U.S. Company.
" Income Taxes " shall mean Taxes that are based on or
related to net income.
" Indemnifying Party " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 10.3.
" Initial Payment " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 2.3(d).
" Intellectual Property " means United States and
non-United States: (a) patents, patent applications and
statutory invention registrations, (b) trademarks, service
marks, trade names, trade dress, domain names and other identifiers
of source or goodwill, together with the goodwill associated
therewith, (c) copyrights, including copyrights in computer
software, and Internet websites, (d) trade secrets, know-how,
inventions (whether patented or not), and designs, and
(e) registrations and applications for registration of the
foregoing, including provisionals, divisions, continuations,
continuations in part, reexaminations, reissues, renewals,
extensions and counterparts thereof.
" Intellectual Property Assets " means all Intellectual
Property that is owned by, licensed to, or otherwise used or held
for use by the Business.
" Issuance " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in the Recitals.
" Issuance Price " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 2.3(a).
" Knowledge ", when used to qualify any representation or
warranty, shall mean that such Party has no actual knowledge that
such representation or warranty is not true and correct to the same
extent as provided in the applicable representation or warranty.
For the purpose of this definition, (a) the "actual knowledge"
of Parent shall mean the actual present awareness of Alan Aldworth,
Richard Surratt, Todd Buchardt, David "Skip" Prichard, Bill Rozek
and Kevin Norris and, for the purposes of Section 4.23 only,
Suzanne BeDell and Rod Galvin, and (b) the "actual knowledge"
of a Buying Party shall mean the actual present awareness of Andrew
Snyder, Larisa Trainor and Michael Jakobowski.
" Law " shall mean any foreign, federal, state or local
law, statute, ordinance, regulation, rule, constitution, code,
order or treaty of any Governmental Authority.
" Lease " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in Section 4.10(b).
- 7 -
" Leased Real Property " shall have the
meaning prescribed to such term in Section 4.10(b).
" Liens " shall mean all liens, charges, security
interests, pledges, mortgages, easements or other encumbrances of
any kind (other than restrictions on transfer generally arising
under the Securities Act or other applicable securities Laws).
" LLC Agreement " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 2.2(b)(2).
" Loss " shall mean any liability, expense (including
reasonable attorneys’ fees), loss, damage, obligation or
responsibility; provided , however , Losses shall not
include consequential damages, special damages, incidental damages,
indirect damages, lost profits, punitive damages or similar items,
except to the extent that such damages reflect actual amounts owed
to any Person as a result of any Third Party Claim.
" Material Adverse Effect " shall mean any effect, event,
change, condition or occurrence that has or would reasonably be
expected to have a material adverse effect on (a) the results
of operations, condition (financial or otherwise), assets or
liabilities of the Business or the Acquired Entities taken as a
whole, after taking into effect any insurance recoveries, other
than effects relating to (i) changes, effects, events,
occurrences or circumstances that generally affect the United
States or the global economy or the industries in which the
Business operates, except to the extent that the Business is
affected in a disproportionate manner as compared to other similar
businesses within the industry in which it operates,
(ii) general economic, financial or securities market
conditions in the United States or elsewhere, (iii) the
execution, delivery or announcement of this Agreement or the
announcement of the Transactions, (iv) changes in GAAP
applicable to the Business after the date hereof, (v) changes
in Laws or interpretations thereof by a Governmental Authority
after the date hereof, (vi) changes, effects or events caused
by or resulting from the taking of any action required or permitted
by this Agreement or approved by Buyer Parent or (vii) any
outbreak or material escalation of hostilities in which the United
States is involved or any act of terrorism within the United States
or directed against its facilities or citizens wherever located or
(b) the ability of the U.S. Company or Canada/U.K. LLC to
consummate the Transactions.
" Maximum Amount " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 10.1(b)(2).
" Merger " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in the Recitals.
" Minimum Amount " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 10.1(b)(1).
" Names and Marks " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 6.9(a).
" Objection " shall have the meaning prescribed to such
term in Section 3.2(b).
- 8 -
" Objection Disputes " shall have the
meaning prescribed to such term in Section 3.2(b).
" Other Business Employees " shall mean (i) all
Persons who were previously employed by the Acquired Entities, and
(ii) directors, consultants and independent contractors who
perform services for the Acquired Entities.
" Owned Real Property " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 4.10(a).
" Parent " shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.
" Parent Affiliated Group " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 4.14(a).
" Parent’s Auditors " shall mean KPMG LLP.
" Parent Disclosure Schedule " shall mean the schedules
delivered by Parent to the Buying Parties in a letter executed by
Parent dated the date hereof.
" Parent Group Company " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 8.5(a)(1).
" Parent Guarantees " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 6.8.
" Parent Indemnitees " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 10.1(c).
" Parent Termination Fee " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 11.3(a).
" Party " or " Parties " shall have the meaning
set forth in the preamble.
" Paying Party " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 6.7(l)(4).
" PBGC " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in Section 4.16(c).
" Permits " shall mean licenses, permits or franchises
issued by any Governmental Authority and other certificates,
authorizations and approvals of any Governmental Authority.
" Permitted Liens " shall mean all (a) Liens set
forth on Schedule 1.4 ; (b) Liens for Taxes,
assessments and other governmental charges not yet due and payable
or, if due, (i) not delinquent or (ii) being contested in
good faith by appropriate proceedings during which collection or
enforcement against the property is stayed;
(c) mechanics’, workmen’s, repairmen’s,
warehousemen’s, carriers’ or other like liens arising
or incurred in the ordinary course of business; (d) liens
associated with original purchase price conditional sales contracts
and equipment leases with third parties entered into in the
ordinary course of business;
- 9 -
(e) with respect to any parcel of the Real
Property: (i) easements, licenses, covenants, rights-of-way
and other similar restrictions, including any other agreements or
restrictions that are filed of record or otherwise set forth in a
title insurance policy, title insurance commitment, abstract or
other similar report or listing, (ii) any conditions that may
be shown by a plat of survey or physical inspection of the Real
Property and (iii) zoning, building and other similar
restrictions, so long as none of (i), (ii) or
(iii) prevent the use of such Real Property substantially as
currently used; and (f) other Liens, that would not be
reasonably be expected to materially impair the continued use or
operation of the applicable asset or real property.
" Permitted Transactions " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.1.
" Person " shall mean any individual, firm, partnership,
association, trust, corporation, joint venture, unincorporated
organization, limited liability company, Governmental Authority or
other entity, or, for the purposes of Section 6.3, group
(which term will include a "group" as such term is defined in
section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act).
" Pre-Closing Period " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 8.1(a).
" Preferred Stock " shall mean the U.S. Company’s
Series A Preferred Stock, the certificate of designation of which
is attached hereto as Exhibit A .
" Preliminary Statement " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 3.1.
" Proceeding " shall mean any action, suit or formal
investigation.
" Proceeding Notice " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Section 8.2.
" Proper Courts " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 13.9.
" ProQuest Equity Plans " shall mean the Bell and Howell
Company 1995 Stock Option Plan, the 2003 ProQuest Strategic
Performance Plan, the Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option
Plan and any other plan or arrangement pursuant to which equity
awards have been made to Business Employees.
" ProQuest Information Access Canada " shall mean
ProQuest Information Access Limited, a Canadian corporation.
" ProQuest Information & Learning UK " shall
mean ProQuest Information & Learning Limited, a company
incorporated in England and Wales.
" ProQuest Savings Plan " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.7(c).
- 10 -
" ProQuest UK Holdings " shall mean
ProQuest UK Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in England and
Wales.
" Purchase Price " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 2.3(c).
" Qualified Claims " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 10.1(b)(1).
" Real Property " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 4.10(c).
" Receiving Party " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 6.7(l)(4).
" Reference Statement " shall have the meaning prescribed
to such term in Schedule 1.1.
" Related Party Transaction " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 4.21.
" Representatives " shall mean, with respect to any party
hereto, that Party’s employees, officers, directors, agents,
accountants, consultants, legal counsel, investment bankers,
financing sources, agents and other representatives.
" Restrictions " shall mean any transfer restrictions,
proxies, voting agreements, agreements to sell or purchase and
similar restrictions (other than restrictions on transfer generally
arising under the Securities Act or other applicable securities
Laws).
" Retained Subsidiaries " shall mean Voyager Holding
Corp. and its Subsidiaries.
" Savings Plan Participants " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.7(c).
" SEC " shall mean the Securities and Exchange
Commission, and any successor thereto.
" Second Merger " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 6.15.
" Second Merger Common Stock Consideration " shall have
the meaning prescribed to such term in Section 6.15.
" Securities Act " shall mean the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,
and any successor to such statute, rules or regulations.
" September Working Capital Value " shall mean -
$110,366,000.
" Serial Solutions Earnout Amount " shall mean the amount
of "Earn-out Payments" payable as of the Closing Date pursuant to
that certain Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of July 7,
2004, by and among Parent, the U.S. Company, Serial Solutions, Inc.
and the stockholders of Serial Solutions, Inc.
- 11 -
" Sherman Act " shall mean the Sherman Act
of 1890, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules or
regulations.
" Stand-Alone Benefit Plans " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.7(b).
" Straddle Period " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 8.1(a).
" Subsidiary " or " Subsidiaries " of any Person
shall mean any corporation, partnership, limited liability company
or other legal entity in which such Person (either alone or through
or together with any other Subsidiary), owns, directly or
indirectly, 50% or more of the stock or other equity or ownership
interests, the holder of which is generally entitled to elect a
majority of the board of directors or other governing body of such
legal entity.
" Superior Proposal " means any bona fide written
Alternative Proposal that Parent’s Board determines in good
faith (after consultation with its financial advisor) to be more
favorable (taking into account (i) all financial and strategic
considerations, including relevant legal, financial, regulatory and
other aspects of such Alternative Proposal and the Transactions
deemed relevant by Parent’s Board, (ii) the identity of
the third party making such Alternative Proposal, (iii) the
anticipated timing, conditions and prospects for completion of such
Alternative Proposal, including the prospects for obtaining
regulatory approvals and financing, and any third party shareholder
approvals and (iv) the other terms and conditions of such
Alternative Proposal) to Parent’s stockholders than the
Transactions.
" Supplemental Information " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.11.
" Surviving LLC " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 2.2.
" Taxes " shall mean (i) any federal, state,
provincial, local, territorial and foreign income, profits, capital
gains, franchise, gross receipts, payroll, sales, employment, use,
property, real estate, excise, value added, estimated, stamp,
withholding and any other taxes, duties or assessments, together
with all interest, penalties and additions imposed with respect to
such amounts or (ii) any liability for the taxes of any Person
other than the Acquired Entities (A) under Treasury Regulation
§ 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or
foreign Law), (B) as a transferee or successor, (C) by
contract or (D) otherwise.
" Tax Returns " shall mean all federal, state, local,
provincial and foreign tax returns, declarations, statements,
reports, schedules, forms and information returns and any amended
tax return relating to Taxes (as they relate to the Business).
" Termination Date " shall mean April 1, 2007.
- 12 -
" Third Party Claim " shall have the
meaning prescribed to such term in Section 10.4.
" Transaction Bonuses " shall mean transaction bonuses
which become payable in connection with the Transactions, other
than those payable by Parent.
" Transactions " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in the Recitals.
" Transition Services Agreement " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 9.4.
" UK Companies " means ProQuest Information &
Learning UK and ProQuest UK Holdings Ltd.
" UK Pension Plan " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in Section 6.7(l)(1).
" UK Pension Underfunding " shall have the meaning
prescribed to such term in Section 6.7(l)(1).
" Units " shall have the meaning prescribed to such term
in Section 2.2(a).
" U.S. Company " shall have the meaning prescribed to
such term in the preamble.
" Voyager Holding Corp. " shall mean Voyager Holding
Corp., a Delaware corporation.
" Voyager Transfer " shall mean the transfer of all of
the issued and outstanding capital stock of Voyager Holding Corp.
to Parent or a designated Subsidiary of Parent.
ARTICLE II
TRANSACTIONS; CONSIDERATION
2.1 Issuance of Preferred Stock . Subject to the
satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VII,
at the Closing and as of the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined),
the U.S. Company shall issue to Buyer Parent (or to a wholly-owned
Subsidiary of Buyer Parent designated in writing at least two
(2) days prior to the Closing Date), 1,000 shares of Preferred
Stock, and Buyer Parent shall deliver (or cause to be delivered)
the Issuance Price to the U.S. Company in exchange therefor.
2.2 Merger . Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the
conditions set forth in Article VII, at the Closing and as of the
Closing Date, and in accordance with Section 18-209 of the
Delaware Act, immediately after the Issuance on the Closing Date
and the UK Pension Underfunding payment pursuant to
Section 6.7(l)(1) and (2) (if applicable), Canada/U.K.
LLC shall be merged with and into Buyer Sub and the separate
existence of Canada/U.K. LLC shall thereupon cease, and Buyer Sub,
as the surviving entity, shall by virtue of the Merger continue its
existence as a limited liability company under the laws of the
State of Delaware (the " Surviving LLC ").
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(a) Conversion of Units . At the Closing
Date, by virtue of the Merger, and without any action or the part
of Buyer Sub or Canada/U.K. LLC:
(1) all membership interests of Buyer Sub outstanding
immediately prior to the Closing date shall be remain outstanding
as membership interests in the Surviving LLC.
(2) all membership interests of Canada/U.K. LLC outstanding
immediately prior to the Closing Date (the " Units ") shall
be exchanged for the right to receive, in the aggregate, the Base
Price.
(b) The Surviving LLC .
(1) The name of the Surviving LLC from and after the Closing
Date shall be "I&L Operating LLC".
(2) The Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability
Company Agreement of Buyer Sub (the " LLC Agreement "), as
in effect on the date hereof, shall, from and after the Closing
Date, be and continue to be the Certificate of Formation and the
LLC Agreement of the Surviving LLC unless and until amended in
accordance with their terms and applicable law.
(3) As of the Closing Date, the managers of Buyer Sub
immediately prior to the Closing Date shall manage the Surviving
LLC in accordance with the Delaware Act and the LLC Agreement of
the Surviving LLC.
(4) The officers of Buyer Sub immediately prior to the Closing
Date shall be the officers of the Surviving LLC, each of whom shall
hold office until his or her respective successor is elected and
shall qualify in accordance with the LLC Agreement of the Surviving
LLC.
(c) Effects of the Merger . Upon the Merger, for all
purposes of the laws of the State of Delaware:
(1) all of the rights, privileges and powers of Buyer Sub and
Canada/U.K. LLC, and all property, real, personal and mixed, and
all debts due to Buyer Sub and Canada/U.K. LLC, as well as all
other things and causes of action belonging to Buyer Sub and
Canada/U.K. LLC, shall be vested in the Surviving LLC and shall
thereafter be the property of the Surviving LLC as they were of
Buyer Sub and Canada/U.K. LLC;
(2) the title to any real property vested by deed or otherwise,
under the laws of the State of Delaware, in Buyer Sub and
Canada/U.K. LLC, shall not revert or be in any way impaired;
- 14 -
(3) all rights of creditors and all liens upon
any property of Buyer Sub and Canada/U.K. LLC shall be preserved
unimpaired, and all debts, liabilities and duties of Buyer Sub and
Canada/U.K. LLC shall attach to the Surviving LLC, and may be
enforced against it to the same extent as if such debts,
liabilities and duties had been incurred or contracted by the
Surviving LLC; and
(4) the Merger shall not require Canada/U.K. LLC to wind up its
affairs under Section 18-803 of the Delaware Act or pay its
liabilities and distribute its assets under Section 18-804 of
the Delaware Act.
(d) Transfer, Conveyance and Assumption . At the Closing
Date, Buyer Sub shall continue in existence as the Surviving LLC,
and without further transfer, succeed to and possess all of the
rights, privileges and powers of Canada/U.K. LLC, and all of the
assets and property of whatever kind and character of Canada/U.K.
LLC shall vest in the Surviving LLC without further act or deed;
thereafter, Buyer Sub, as the Surviving LLC, shall be liable for
all of the liabilities and obligations of Canada/U.K. LLC, and any
claim or judgment against Canada/U.K. LLC may be enforced against
Buyer Sub, as the Surviving LLC, in accordance with
Section 18-209 of the Delaware Act.
(e) Further Assurances . If at any time Buyer Sub shall
consider or be advised that any further assignment, conveyance or
assurance is necessary or advisable to vest, perfect or confirm of
record in the Surviving LLC the title to any property or right of
Canada/U.K. LLC, or otherwise to carry out the provisions hereof,
the proper representatives of Canada/U.K. LLC as of the Closing
Date shall execute and deliver any and all proper deeds,
assignments, and assurances and do all things necessary or proper
to vest, perfect or convey title to such property or right in the
Surviving LLC, and otherwise to carry out the provisions
hereof.
2.3 Purchase Price .
(a) The aggregate consideration in the Issuance for all of the
Preferred Stock shall be $122,000,000 (the " Issuance Price
"). Immediately after the Issuance, but before the Merger, the U.S.
Company shall use the net proceeds of the Issuance (i) to
repay Funded Debt owed by the U.S. Company to Parent and, following
such repayment, all intercompany balances between Parent and its
Subsidiaries (other than the Acquired Entities), on the one hand,
and the Acquired Entities, on the other hand, shall be cancelled,
and (ii) to cause UK Holdings to make the UK Pension
Underfunding payment pursuant to Section 6.7(l)(1) and
(2) (if applicable).
(b) The aggregate consideration in the Merger shall be
$222,262,000 less the Issuance Price, less the Second
Merger Common Stock Consideration, less the amount of the
Funded Debt of the Acquired Entities as of the Closing Date (after
giving effect to the transactions referred to in the second
sentence of Section 2.3(a)), less the Transaction
Bonuses, less the Existing Severance Costs, less the
Serial Solutions Earnout Amount, less the IBM Cancellation
Fee (the " Base Price ").
- 15 -
(c) The aggregate consideration in the
Transactions shall be the Issuance Price, plus the Base
Price, plus the Second Merger Common Stock Consideration,
subject to adjustment pursuant to Article III below (the "
Purchase Price ").
(d) Payment . At the Closing, (i) Buyer Parent shall
pay to the U.S. Company the aggregate amount of the Issuance Price
in immediately available U.S. federal funds, and (ii) Buyer
Sub shall pay to the holders of Units the aggregate amount of the
Base Price in immediately available U.S. federal funds the Base
Price (collectively, the " Initial Payment "), to an account
designated in writing by Parent at least two (2) Business Days
prior to the Closing Date.
(e) Purchase Price Allocation .
Schedule 2.3(e) sets forth the allocation of the
consideration for the Transactions. The Buying Parties and Parent
agree that no Party will take a position on any report, return, or
other documents filed with any Governmental Authority or in any
Proceeding that is in any manner inconsistent with
Schedule 2.3(e) .
ARTICLE III
ADJUSTMENTS TO PURCHASE PRICE
3.1 Adjustment Calculation . Not later than ninety
(90) days after the Closing Date, Buyer Parent shall deliver
to Parent a statement of the Closing Working Capital Value (the "
Preliminary Statement "). The Preliminary Statement shall
include Buyer’s calculation of Closing Working Capital Value.
The Preliminary Statement shall be prepared in accordance with
Schedule 1.1 .
3.2 Final Determination .
(a) If Parent indicates in writing its acceptance of the
Preliminary Statement and of Buyer Parent’s calculation of
the Closing Working Capital Value, or fails to object thereto in
accordance with Section 3.2(b), then Buyer Parent’s
calculation of the Closing Working Capital Value reflected in the
Preliminary Statement shall be deemed to be the final Closing
Working Capital Value. When determining the final amount of the
Closing Working Capital Value, the Closing Working Capital Value
shall be decreased by fifty percent (50%) of the amount of any
accruals incurred by the Acquired Entities between the period
commencing on October 1, 2006 and ending on the Closing Date
for payment obligations of the Acquired Entities or the Buying
Parties referenced in Schedule 3.2(a ) (it being understood
that such accruals shall be excluded from the calculation of
September Working Capital Value and from the calculation of the
Closing Working Capital Value except as expressly provided in this
sentence). Such accruals shall be determined consistent with the
internal balance sheet of the Acquired Entities at
September 30, 2006.
(b) Parent may indicate in writing its objection to the
calculation of the Closing Working Capital Value by written notice
to Buyer Parent delivered within twenty (20) days following
delivery by Buyer Parent of the Preliminary Statement (the "
Objection "), which shall specify in detail any disputes or
objections thereto (the " Objection Disputes ") and
Parent’s proposed resolution of each such dispute. If proper
Objection is timely delivered, then Parent and Buyer Parent shall
endeavor in good faith
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to resolve the Objection Disputes and to agree on
a mutually acceptable calculation of the Closing Working Capital
Value. If, within twenty (20) days following delivery of the
Objection, Parent and Buyer Parent have not resolved all Objection
Disputes and agreed to the Closing Working Capital Value, then
Buyer Parent and Parent shall engage one of the so-called "big
four" accounting firms (other than Parent’s Auditors or the
auditors used by Buyer Parent or its Affiliates), reasonably
acceptable to Parent and Buyer Parent (the " Designated
Arbitrator "), to resolve any unresolved Objection Disputes. If
the parties fail to agree upon a Designated Arbitrator, then the
Designated Arbitrator shall be a firm of certified public
accountants designated by the American Arbitration Association in
New York, New York. The Designated Arbitrator shall be instructed
to set forth a procedure to provide for prompt resolution and make
its determination in respect of the Closing Working Capital Value
within thirty (30) days following its retention. The Closing
Working Capital Value will be determined by the Designated
Arbitrator in accordance with the Schedule 1.1 . Each Party
shall submit to the Designated Arbitrator and exchange with each
other, on a schedule to be determined by the Designated Arbitrator,
a proposed Closing Working Capital Value, together with a
statement, including all supporting documents or other evidence
upon which it relies, setting forth such party’s explanation
as to why its proposal is reasonable and appropriate. Based upon
the Parties’ submission of such proposals and supporting
documents to the Designated Arbitrator, the Designated Arbitrator
shall resolve all unresolved Objection Disputes and shall determine
the Closing Working Capital Value. The Designated
Arbitrator’s determination shall be limited to awarding only
one of the two proposals submitted, shall be made within fifteen
(15) days of its receiving such proposals and supporting
documents, and shall be set forth in a written statement delivered
to Parent and Buyer Parent. The Designated Arbitrator’s
determination of such Objection Disputes and the Closing Working
Capital Value shall be final and binding upon the parties hereto. A
judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction in accordance with
Section 13.9 may be entered to enforce the Designated
Arbitrator’s determination. All fees and costs of the
Designated Arbitrator, if any, shall be paid by the Party whose
Closing Working Capital Value is rejected by the Designated
Arbitrator. The process set forth in this Section 3.2 shall be
the exclusive remedy of the Parties for any disputes related to
items reflected on the Preliminary Statement or covered by the
calculation of the Closing Working Capital Value, whether or not
the underlying facts and circumstances constitute a breach of any
representations or warranties.
3.3 Purchase Price Adjustment .
(a) Following Closing, in accordance with Section 3.2, the
Base Price will be increased or decreased as set forth below to
arrive at the Purchase Price:
(1) if the Closing Working Capital Value exceeds the September
Working Capital Value, the amount of such excess will be added to
the Base Price and Buyer Parent shall pay the amount of such excess
to Parent in accordance with Section 3.3(c); and
(2) if the Closing Working Capital Value is less than the
September Working Capital Value, the amount of such deficit will be
subtracted from the Base Price and Parent shall pay the amount of
such excess to Buyer Parent in accordance with
Section 3.3(c).
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(b) Any amount owing pursuant to
Section 3.3(a) above shall bear interest from and including
the Closing Date to, but excluding, the date of payment or
delivery, as applicable, at a rate per annum equal to 8%,
calculated daily on the basis of a year of three hundred sixty-five
(365) days and the actual number of days elapsed.
(c) Any amounts owing under this Section 3.3 shall be paid
by Buyer Parent or Parent, as the case may be, by wire transfer to
the account or accounts specified by the payee within five
(5) Business Days following the final determination of the
Closing Working Capital Value.
3.4 Allocated Tax Credits Benefit .
(a) After the Closing, the Buyer Parent shall pay or cause to be
paid to the Parent eighty percent (80%) of the amount of any
Allocated Tax Credits Benefit not later than five (5) Business
Days after the date on which the Company, the Buying Parties or any
Group of which any of the Company or a Buying Party is a member
files an annual (or part-year, in the case of a short Tax year)
federal Income Tax Return with respect to a period for which an
Allocated Tax Credits Benefit is actually realized.
(b) Within thirty (30) days of filing a federal Income Tax
Return with respect to a period for which an Allocated Tax Credits
Benefit is actually realized, the accounting firm that prepared the
federal Income Tax Return shall provide the Parent with a notice
setting forth the Allocated Tax Credits Benefit that was realized
during such period.
3.5 Cooperation . Following the Closing, the Buying
Parties shall and shall cause the Business and their officers,
employees, consultants, accountants and agents to cooperate fully
with Parent and its representatives in connection with
Parent’s evaluation of the Preliminary Statements or any
Objection Dispute and to provide any information reasonably
requested by Parent and its representatives in connection with its
evaluation of the Preliminary Statement or with any Objection
Dispute.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT, THE
U.S. COMPANY, AND CANADA/U.K. LLC
Except as set forth on the Parent Disclosure Schedule, Parent,
the U.S. Company, and Canada/U.K. LLC hereby represent and warrant
to the Buying Parties as follows:
4.1 Corporate Existence and Good Standing .
(a) Parent is a corporation validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has all
requisite corporate power and authority to own, directly or
indirectly, its assets and to carry on its business as now
conducted. Each Acquired Entity is a corporation or similar legal
entity, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the
jurisdiction of its formation and has all necessary corporate or
other power and authority to conduct its business as it is now
conducting business. Each Acquired Entity is legally qualified to
transact business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing
in each jurisdiction where
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the nature of its properties and the conduct of
its business requires such qualification, except for those
jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or be in good
standing would not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. True and complete copies of the Certificate of
Incorporation, as amended, and Bylaws of the U.S. Company, each as
in effect on the date hereof, have been made available to
Buyer.
(b) Canada/U.K. LLC is a newly formed Delaware limited liability
company whose only holdings consist of all of the issued and
outstanding stock of ProQuest Information Access Limited and
ProQuest UK Holdings Limited. Canada/U.K. LLC has been formed
solely for the purpose of entering into the Merger and, prior to
the Closing Date, will have no other assets and will have incurred
no liabilities, except as contemplated herein.
4.2 Authority; Execution; Enforceability . Each of
Parent, the U.S. Company, and Canada/U.K. LLC has all requisite
power and authority to (a) execute and deliver this Agreement,
(b) perform its obligations hereunder, and (c) consummate
the Transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of
this Agreement, the performance of its obligations hereunder, and
the consummation of the Transactions, by each of Parent, the U.S.
Company, and Canada/U.K. LLC has been duly authorized by all
requisite action on the part of each of them and no other action on
the part of Parent, the U.S. Company or Canada/U.K. LLC is
necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement or the consummation of the Transactions. Assuming the due
authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement by all
other parties hereto, this Agreement constitutes the valid and
binding obligation of Parent, the U.S. Company, and Canada/U.K.
LLC, enforceable against Parent, the U.S. Company, and Canada/U.K.
LLC in accordance with its terms, subject to (x) bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar Laws affecting
creditors’ rights and remedies generally and (y) general
principles of equity.
4.3 Capitalization . The U.S. Company has an authorized
capitalization consisting of 1,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000
shares of Preferred Stock. All the shares to be issued hereunder to
Buyer Parent will have been duly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable. Except for rights arising under this Agreement,
there is no, and immediately following the Closing there will not
be any, outstanding option, warrant, right, subscription, call,
unsatisfied preemptive right or other agreement or right of any
kind to purchase or otherwise acquire from the U.S. Company any
capital stock of the U.S. Company.
4.4 Absence of Conflicts . Except as set forth on
Section 4.4 of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent and the
consummation by each of Parent, the U.S. Company, and Canada/U.K.
LLC of the Transactions will not (a) violate, conflict with or
result in the breach of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws
(or similar organizational documents) of Parent, the U.S. Company,
or Canada/U.K. LLC, (b) conflict with or violate any Law or
order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority applicable
to Parent or any Acquired Entity or (c) conflict with, result
in any breach of, constitute a default (or event which with the
giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would become a default)
under, require any consent under, or give to others any rights of
termination or cancellation, modification or acceleration of, any
Contract to which Parent or any Acquired Entity is a party, except,
in the case of clauses (b) and (c), as would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
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4.5 Governmental Approvals; Consents . No
claim, legal action, suit, arbitration, governmental investigation
or other legal or administrative Proceeding is pending or, to the
Knowledge of Parent, threatened against any of Parent, the U.S.
Company, and Canada/U.K. LLC or the Business which would enjoin or
delay the Transactions. Except as required by Antitrust Laws or
clearance with respect to the UK Pension contemplated by
Section 6.7(l), no consent, approval, order or authorization
of, license or permit from, notice to or registration, declaration
or filing with any Governmental Authority or of any third party, is
or has been required on the part of Parent or the Acquired Entities
in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or
the consummation of the Transactions, except for such consents,
approvals, orders or authorizations of, licenses or permits,
filings or notices the failure of which to obtain or make would not
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or which
have been obtained or which may be necessary as a result of any
facts relating solely to the Buying Parties or their
Affiliates.
4.6 Acquired Entities .
(a) Section 4.6(a) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule
sets forth for each Acquired Entity (i) its name and
jurisdiction of formation, (ii) the authorized, issued and
outstanding equity ownership interests of such entity, and
(iii) the names of the holders thereof, and the number of
ownership interests held by each such holder.
(b) Each holder of the ownership interests of each Acquired
Entity listed on Section 4.6(a) of the Parent
Disclosure Schedule has good and valid title to, and is the sole
record and beneficial owner of, such ownership interests, free and
clear of all Liens and Restrictions.
(c) All of the equity ownership interests of each Acquired
Entity listed on Section 4.6(a) of the Parent
Disclosure Schedule have been validly issued, have been fully paid
and are nonassessable. There are no outstanding options, warrants,
agreements or other rights of any kind relating to the sale or
issuance of additional shares of capital stock or other securities
in, or of any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or
evidencing the right to purchase any shares of capital stock or
other securities in any Acquired Entity.
4.7 Financial Representation . The Cash Flow of the
Business was not less than $3.75 million for the 12 months ended
September 30, 2006. For purposes of this Section 4.7 "
Cash Flow " shall mean earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization, minus capital expenditures,
plus or minus the change in the Working Capital
balance between October 1, 2005 and September 30, 2006,
minus cash payments for capitalized leases. For this
purpose, Working Capital shall be determined in the same manner as
Closing Working Capital Value and September Working Capital Value
are determined for purposes of Schedule 1.1 .
4.8 Absence of Changes . Except as set forth on
Section 4.8 of the Parent Disclosure Schedule or as
contemplated or permitted by this Agreement, since October 1,
2006 (i) the Acquired Entities have conducted the Business in
all material respects in the ordinary course consistent with past
practice, (ii) there has not occurred any change or event that
has resulted in, or would reasonably be expected to have, a
Material Adverse Effect and (iii) the Acquired Entities and
Parent and its Affiliates (relative to the Acquired Entities) have
not:
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(a) sold, assigned, licensed, transferred, leased
or otherwise disposed of assets having a fair market value in
excess of $100,000, except for sales of inventory or non-exclusive
licenses in the ordinary course of business;
(b) taken any action that, if taken during the period from the
date of this Agreement through the Closing, would have required the
consent of Buyer Parent under Section 6.1(a), (b) or (c);
or
(c) entered into any agreement, arrangement, understanding or
commitment to take any of the actions specified in clauses
(a) through (c) in this Section 4.8.
4.9 Assets . Except as set forth on
Section 4.9 of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, the
assets of the Acquired Entities constitute substantially all of the
properties, assets and rights used by the Acquired Entities in the
conduct of the Business as currently conducted.
4.10 Real Property .
(a) Section 4.10(a) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule lists all of the real property and interests therein owned
by any Acquired Entity (with all easements and other rights
appurtenant to such property, the " Owned Real Property ")
and, relative to each such property or interest, the Acquired
Entity that owns it. The applicable Acquired Entity holds fee
simple title to each applicable parcel of Owned Real Property, free
and clear of any Liens, except Permitted Liens.
(b) Section 4.10(b) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule lists all of the material real property and interests
therein leased or subleased by any Acquired Entity (the " Leased
Real Property "). For each item of Leased Real Property,
Section 4.10(b) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule lists
the lease or sublease, pursuant to which the applicable Acquired
Entity holds a possessory interest in the Leased Real Property and
all material amendments, renewals, or extensions thereto (each, a "
Lease "). To the Parent’s Knowledge, each Lease is
valid and binding. The leasehold interest of an Acquired Entity
with respect to each item of Leased Real Property is held free and
clear of any Liens, except Permitted Liens. Except as set forth on
Section 4.10(b) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, no
Acquired Entity is a sublessor of, and has not assigned any Lease
covering, any portion of the Leased Real Property.
(c) The Owned Real Property and the Leased Real Property
(collectively, the " Real Property ") constitute all
material interests in real property currently owned or leased in
connection with the Business. No Acquired Entity has received
written notice that the location, construction, occupancy,
operation or use of the buildings located on the Real Property
violates any restrictive covenant or deed restriction recorded
against such Real Property or any other Laws, except for such
violations which would not reasonably be expected to, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
4.11 Contracts .
(a) Except as set forth in Section 4.11 of the
Parent Disclosure Schedule, there are no outstanding Contracts to
which any Acquired Entity is a party or by which any Acquired
Entity is bound that:
(1) involve commitments by such Person for terms in excess of
three (3) years and involve annual payments or receivables of
more than $200,000;
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(2) individually involve payment of more than
$500,000 in the aggregate by such Person and are not terminable by
their terms, without penalty, on twelve (12) months or less
notice;
(3) consist of obligations for Funded Debt in excess of
$1,000,000;
(4) involve employment, severance or other agreements involving
compensation of Business Employees for services rendered or to be
rendered, other than arrangements with Business Employees having
base salaries less than $150,000 per year;
(5) consist of Contracts for the supply of products or services,
involving annual payments in excess of $250,000, which are required
for the ongoing conduct of the Business following Closing and not
reasonably available from another source;
(6) consist of Contracts for the license, use, development or
disclosure of material Intellectual Property owned by a third party
(other than Contracts for (i) the license of off-the-shelf
computer software that is generally available to the public or
(ii) content provided by publishers to the Acquired Entities
in connection with the Business);
(7) consist of Contracts between an Acquired Entity, on one
hand, and Parent or any of Parent’s other Affiliates that are
not an Acquired Entity, on the other hand;
(8) grants any Lien upon any asset of the Business outside of
the ordinary course of business, except for Permitted Liens;
(9) contains any covenant or provision currently in effect which
by its terms prohibits the Business from competing with any Person
in any geographic area in which the Business generated more than 5%
of its revenue in fiscal year 2005; or
(10) provides by its terms that the Business indemnify any other
Person, other than as is in the ordinary course of business.
(b) Contracts required to be disclosed on
Section 4.11 of the Parent Disclosure Schedule are
hereafter referred to as the " Disclosed Contracts ".
(c) Each Disclosed Contract is valid and binding on the
applicable Acquired Entity, and, to the Knowledge of Parent, is
valid and binding on the other parties thereto, except as would not
reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Material Adverse Effect. The applicable Acquired Entity that is a
party to the Disclosed Contract and, to the Knowledge of Parent,
the other parties thereto are not in default or breach under any
such Disclosed Contract, and there are no pending claims affecting
the Disclosed Contracts as of which any Acquired Entity has written
notice, except where such default, breach or claim would not
reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a
Material Adverse Effect.
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4.12 Litigation; Orders . Except as set
forth on Section 4.12 of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule, there is no pending or, to the Knowledge of Parent,
threat of any legal or administrative Proceeding against the
Business or the Acquired Entities that would reasonably be expected
to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect. There is no judgment, order, injunction or decree imposed
upon any Acquired Entity by any Governmental Authority relating to
the Acquired Entity, except for such judgments, orders, injunctions
or decrees which would not reasonably be expected, individually or
in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
4.13 Intangible Property Rights .
Section 4.13(i) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule sets
forth a true and complete list of all patents and patent
applications, registered trademarks and trademark applications,
registered copyrights and copyright applications, and domain name
registrations included in the Intellectual Property Assets that are
material to the operation of the Business as currently conducted.
To the Knowledge of Parent, with respect to each item of
Intellectual Property Assets that is material to the operation of
the Business as currently conducted, an Acquired Entity has the
valid right to own or use such Intellectual Property Asset, free
and clear of any Liens, other than Permitted Liens. Except as set
forth on Section 4.13(ii) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule, to the Knowledge of Parent, (a) no Person is
engaging in any activity that infringes any Intellectual Property
Asset that is material to the operation of the Business as
currently conducted, (b) there is no pending or written threat
of any claim, action or proceeding or allegation of infringement or
offer of license asserted against Parent or the Acquired Entities
alleging that the operation of the Business as currently conducted
or the use of any Intellectual Property Assets in the operation of
the Business as currently conducted infringes, misappropriates,
dilutes, or violates the Intellectual Property of any third party,
and (c) the operation of the Business as currently conducted,
and the use of the Intellectual Property Assets in connection
therewith, does not infringe, misappropriate, dilute, or violate
the Intellectual Property of any third party. Except as set forth
on Section 4.13(iii) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule
or as otherwise provided in the Transition Services Agreement, each
item of Intellectual Property Assets owned or used by the Acquired
Entities immediately prior to the Closing hereunder will be owned
or available for use by the Business on substantially similar terms
and conditions immediately subsequent to the Closing hereunder.
Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Acquired
Entities are taking or have taken commercially reasonable actions
to maintain, and the actions that, to the Knowledge of Parent, are
required to protect, each Intellectual Property Asset. The Acquired
Entities have a valid right to access and use all Business IT
Systems in connection with the operation of the Business. Except
for the services to be provided pursuant to the Transition Services
Agreement, the consummation of the Transactions will not impair or
interrupt, in any material respect, (i) the Acquired
Entities’ or the Buying Parties’ access and use of, or
their right to access and use, any material portion of the Business
IT Systems and (ii) to the Knowledge of Parent, the
Business’s customers’ and vendors’ access and use
of any material portion of the Business IT Systems. The Acquired
Entities have taken commercially reasonable steps (A) to
secure the Business IT Systems from unauthorized access or use by
any Person and (B) to ensure the continued and uninterrupted
operation of the Business IT Systems, including employing adequate
security, encryption, maintenance, disaster recovery, redundancy,
backup, archiving and virus or malicious device scanning/protection
measures. Neither Parent (with respect to the
- 23 -
Business) nor any of the Acquired Entities has
received written communication from any customer alleging that the
Business IT Systems used by the Acquired Entities to provide
products and services to their customers contain any material
errors or problems of a material nature that disrupt their
operation.
4.14 Tax Matters .
(a) Neither the U.S. Company nor any of its U.S. Subsidiaries
has been a member of an affiliated group (within the meaning of
Section 1504(a) of the Code or any similar group defined under
a similar provision of state, local or foreign Law) filing a
consolidated federal Income Tax Return other than a group the
common parent of which is Parent (the " Parent Affiliated
Group ").
(b) The Parent Affiliated Group has filed all material Income
Tax Returns that it was required to file for each taxable period
during which the U.S. Company or any of its U.S. Subsidiaries was a
member of the Parent Affiliated Group and all such Income Tax
Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects.
All Income Taxes owed by the Parent Affiliated Group (whether or
not shown on any Tax Return) have been paid or have been adequately
accrued for with respect to each taxable period during which the
U.S. Company or any of its U.S. Subsidiaries was a member of the
Parent Affiliated Group. No Parent or director or officer (or
employee responsible for Tax matters) of any of Parent and its U.S.
Subsidiaries expects any Governmental Authority to assess any
additional material Income Taxes against Parent Affiliated Group
for any taxable period during which the U.S. Company or any of its
U.S. Subsidiaries was a member of the Parent Affiliated Group.
There is no dispute or claim concerning any Income Tax Liability of
the Parent Affiliated Group for any taxable period during which the
U.S. Company or any of its U.S. Subsidiaries was a member of the
Parent Affiliated Group either (A) claimed or raised by any
Governmental Authority in writing or (B) as to which any of
Parent or the directors and officers (and employees responsible for
Tax matters) of any of Parent and its Subsidiaries has Knowledge
based upon personal contact with any agent of such authority.
Except as disclosed in Section 4.14(b) of the Parent
Disclosure Schedule, Parent Affiliated Group has not waived any
statute of limitations in respect of any material Income Taxes or
agreed to any extension of time with respect to a material Income
Tax assessment or deficiency for any taxable period during which
the U.S. Company or any of its U.S. Subsidiaries was a member of
the Parent Affiliated Group.
(c) Except as disclosed in Section 4.14(c) of the
Parent Disclosure Schedule, each Acquired Entity has timely filed
all material Tax Returns that it was required to file and each such
Tax Return is true, correct and complete in all material respects.
All Taxes due and owing (whether or not shown on any Tax Return)
have either been timely paid by each Acquired Entity or have been
adequately accrued for, and since October 1, 2006, no Acquired
Entity has incurred any material liability for Taxes outside the
ordinary course of business.
(d) No Acquired Entity is a party to any Tax sharing agreement.
No Acquired Entity is subject to any joint venture, cooperative,
partnership or other arrangement or contract that is treated as an
entity (including a partnership) for Federal income tax
purposes.
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(e) Each Acquired Entity, its officers,
directors, or any employee responsible for Tax matters has complied
with all rules and regulations relating to the withholding of Taxes
and the remittance of withheld Taxes in connection with any amounts
paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor,
shareholder or other third party. No Governmental Authority is
conducting or has proposed in writing to conduct an audit with
respect to any Tax Returns filed by or with respect to any Acquired
Entity. Except as set forth on Section 4.14(e) of the
Parent Disclosure Schedule, no material Tax deficiency has been
proposed or assessed in writing against any Acquired Entity, or
with respect to the activities of any Acquired Entity. No power of
attorney has been granted by or with respect to any Acquired Entity
with respect to any matter relating to Taxes which remains in
effect. No Acquired Entity has engaged in any transaction that
would constitute a "reportable transaction," a transaction
substantially similar to a "reportable transaction," or a "tax
shelter" within the meaning of Sections 6011, 6111, 6662 or
6707A of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder or any
analogous or similar state, local, or foreign Law. Except as set
forth on Section 4.14(e) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule, no Acquired Entity will be required to include any item
of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, any Tax period
ending on or after the Closing Date as a result of any
(i) change in method of accounting for a taxable period (or
portion thereof) ending on or prior to the Closing Date,
(ii) disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date,
(iii) item having been reported on the completed contract
method of accounting or the percentage of completion method of
accounting, (iv) "closing agreement" as described in
Section 7121 of the Code or similar state, local or foreign
Tax Law, (v) prepaid amount received on or prior to the
Closing Date (excluding any amounts realized pursuant to
Section 455) or (vi) intercompany transaction or excess
loss account described in Treasury Regulations under Code
Section 1502 (or any corresponding or similar provision of
state, local or foreign Tax Law). No claim has ever been made in
writing by a Governmental Authority in a jurisdiction where any
Acquired Entity does not file Tax Returns that such Acquired Entity
is or may be subject to Tax in that jurisdiction.
(f) Parent has delivered to the Buying Parties (i) complete
and correct copies of all material Tax Returns of each Acquired
Entity, and of all material examination reports and statements of
deficiencies assessed against or agreed to by any Acquired Entity
for all taxable periods for which the applicable statute of
limitations has not yet expired, and (ii) complete and correct
copies of all federal consolidated income Tax Returns of the Parent
Affiliated Group for the last three taxable years.
Section 4.14(f) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule lists
each state, local, county, municipal or foreign jurisdiction in
which any Acquired Entity or any Subsidiary of an Acquired Entity
files or is or has been determined by any Governmental Entity to be
required to file a Tax Return or is or has been determined by a
Governmental Entity to be liable for any Tax on a "nexus" basis at
any time for a taxable period for which the statute of limitations
has not expired.
(g) In the past five (5) years, no Acquired Entity has been
a party to a transaction that has been reported as a reorganization
within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code, or distributed
a corporation (or been distributed) in a transaction that is
reported to qualify under Section 355 of the Code.
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(h) Each of the Foreign Subsidiaries has timely
filed all material Tax Returns that it was required to file and all
such Tax Returns are true, correct and complete in all material
respects, and has timely paid all Taxes required to be paid by
it.
(i) There are no Liens for Taxes on any of the assets of the
Acquired Entities, other than Permitted Liens.
(j) None of the Foreign Subsidiaries is engaged in a trade or
business in the United States or has a permanent establishment in
the United States.
(k) The aggregate Tax basis of the assets of the Business of the
U.S. Company as of September 30, 2006, was at least $288
million, and there has been no change to the basis of such assets
other than in the ordinary course of business since that date.
(l) The amount of net operating loss carryforwards of Bigchalk
Inc. apportioned to the U.S. Company pursuant to the Treasury
Regulations under Section 1502 of the Code in connection with
the Transactions and the Second Merger will be at least $30
million.
(m) The aggregate Taxes payable in connection with the
non-Income Tax matters described in item 5 under the heading
"Current Examinations (Audits) in Process" in Section 4.14(e)
of the Parent Disclosure Schedule shall not exceed $500,000.
4.15 Labor Matters .
(a) Except as described on Section 4.15 of the
Parent Disclosure Schedule,
(1) neither Parent nor its Affiliates are party to any
collective bargaining or similar agreement with respect to the
Business;
(2) no material employee strike, work stoppage, lock-out or
labor dispute is pending or, to Parent’s Knowledge,
threatened against or involving the Business;
(3) no material unfair labor practice or similar charge or
complaint against the Business is pending, or to Parent’s
Knowledge, threatened; and neither Parent nor any of its Affiliates
have engaged in any material unfair labor practices within the
meaning of the National Labor Relations Act and the Railway Labor
Act;
(4) no union grievance or similar complaint is pending or, to
Parent’s Knowledge, threatened with respect to the Business
that is material to the ongoing operation of the Business;
(5) no material collective bargaining or similar agreement is
currently being negotiated or is currently subject to negotiation
or renegotiation by Parent or its Affiliates with respect to the
Business Employees; and
(6) no material action, suit or complaint, by or before any
court, arbitrator or governmental body, agency or authority has
been brought against Parent or any of its Affiliates by or on
behalf of any Business Employee and is pending or, to
Parent’s Knowledge, is threatened.
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(b) Parent and its Affiliates (i) are in
compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws
respecting employment, employment practices, labor, terms and
conditions of employment, occupational safety and wage and hours,
in each case, with respect to the Business Employees;
(ii) have withheld all amounts required by law or by agreement
to be withheld from the wages, salaries and other payments to the
Business Employees; (iii) are not liable for any arrears of
wages or any penalty for failure to comply with any of the
foregoing; and (iv) are not liable for any payment to any
trust or other fund or to any governmental or administrative
authority, with respect to unemployment compensation benefits,
social security or other benefits for the Business
Employees.
(c) Notwithstanding the generality of any other representations
and warranties in this Agreement, the representations and
warranties in this Section 4.15 and Section 4.16 shall be
deemed the only representations and warranties in this Agreement
with respect to matters directly or indirectly relating to, or
arising out of, employment, employment practices, labor, terms and
conditions of employment, occupational safety and wage and
hours.
4.16 Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 4.16(a) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule sets forth a list of material Benefit Plans.
(b) Each Benefit Plan has in all material respects been
established, maintained and administered in accordance with its
terms and in compliance with the applicable Laws, including,
without limitation, ERISA and the Code.
(c) With respect to each Benefit Plan: (i) each plan which is
intended to be "qualified" within the meaning of Section 401(a) of
the Code has been determined to be so qualified by the Internal
Revenue Service and is so qualified, and each related trust is
exempt from taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code, if
applicable; (ii) there has been no "prohibited transaction," as
such term is defined in Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of
ERISA, within the last five (5) years, (iii) within the last five
(5) years, no such plan has been terminated under either a distress
or standard termination as provided in Title IV of ERISA, nor has
any notice of intent to terminate any plan been filed with the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (" PBGC "), nor has the
PBGC issued any notice of intent to terminate a plan; and (iv) no
plan has incurred any "accumulated funding deficiency," as such
term is defined in Section 412 of the Code and Section 302 of ERISA
(whether or not waived) within the last five (5) years. Except as
set forth on Section 4.16(c) of the Parent Disclosure
Schedule, there are no material actions, suits or other claims
pending with respect to any such Benefit Plan, other than routine
claims for benefits, qualified domestic relations or
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