Exhibit 10.1
SHARE EXCHANGE
AGREEMENT
This Share Exchange
Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2009, is made by and among LAUFER
BRIDGE ENTERPRISES, INC., a Nevada corporation (the "Acquiror"),
each of the Persons listed on Exhibit A hereto (collectively, the
"Acquiror Shareholders", and individually an "Acquiror
Shareholder") each of the Persons listed on Exhibit B hereto
(collectively, the "Shareholders", and individually a
"Shareholder"), and CREATIVE EDGE NUTRITION, INC., a Nevada
Corporation (the "Company").
BACKGROUND
The Shareholders have
agreed to transfer to the Acquiror, and the Acquiror has agreed to
acquire from the Shareholders, all of the Shares, which Shares
constitute 100% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company, in
exchange for 142,950,000shares of the Acquiror's Common Stock to be
issued on the Closing Date (the "Acquiror Shares"), which Acquiror
Shares shall constitute 93.34% of the issued and outstanding shares
of Acquiror's Common Stock immediately after the closing of the
transactions contemplated herein, in each case, on the terms and
conditions as set forth herein.
SECTION I
DEFINITIONS
Unless the context
otherwise requires, the terms defined in this Section 1 will have
the meanings herein specified for all purposes of this Agreement,
applicable to both the singular and plural forms of any of the
terms herein defined.
1.1
"Accredited Investor"
has the meaning set forth in Regulation D under the Securities Act
and as set forth on Exhibit C.
1.2
"Acquired Companies"
means, collectively, the Company and any Company
Subsidiaries.
1.3
“Acquiror Balance
Sheet" means the Acquiror's audited balance sheet at September 30,
2008 and its unaudited balance sheet as of 2 nd quarter
ended March 31, 2009.
1.4
“Acquiror Board"
means the Board of Directors of the Acquiror.
1.5
“Acquiror
Companies" means, collectively, the Acquiror and the Acquiror
Subsidiaries, if any.
1.6
“Acquiror's Common
Stock" means the Laufer Bridge Enterprises, Inc., common stock, par
value $0.001 per share.
1.7
“Acquiror
Subsidiaries" means all of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of
the Acquiror, if any.
1.8
“Affiliate" means
any Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by
or is under common control with the indicated Person.
1.9
“Agreement" means
this Share Exchange Agreement, including all Schedules and Exhibits
hereto, as this Share Exchange Agreement may be from time to time
amended, modified or supplemented.
1.10
“Approved Plans"
means any stock option or similar plan for the benefit of employees
or others which has been approved by the stockholders of the
Acquiror.
1.11
“Closing Acquiror
Shares" means the aggregate number of Acquiror Shares issuable to
the Shareholders at Closing.
1.12
“Closing Date" has
the meaning set forth in Section 3.
1.13
“Code" means the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
1.14
“Common Stock"
means the Company's common stock, $0. 001 par value per
share.
1.15
“Commission" means
the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States of
America or any other federal agency then administering the
Securities Act.
1.16
“Company Board"
means the Board of Directors of the Company.
1.17
“Company
Indemnified Party" has the meaning set forth in Section
12.2.1.
1.18
“Company
Subsidiaries" means all of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of
the Company, if any.
1.19
“Covered Persons"
means all Persons, other than Acquiror, who are parties to
indemnification and employment agreements with Acquiror existing on
or before the Closing Date.
1.20
“Damages" has the
meaning set forth in Section 12.1.
1.21
“Distributor” means any
underwriter, dealer or other person who participates, pursuant to a
contractual arrangement, in the distribution of the securities
offered or sold in reliance on Regulation S.
1.22
“Environmental
Laws" means any Law or other requirement relating to the
environment, natural resources, or public or employee health and
safety.
1.23
“Environmental
Permit" means all licenses, permits, authorizations, approvals,
franchises and rights required under any applicable Environmental
Law or Order.
1.24
“Equity Security"
means any stock or similar security, including, without limitation,
securities containing equity features and securities containing
profit participation features, or any security convertible into or
exchangeable for, with or without consideration, any stock or
similar security, or any security carrying any warrant, right or
option to subscribe to or purchase any shares of capital stock, or
any such warrant or right.
1.25
“ERISA" means the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended.
1.26
“Exchange Act"
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or any similar federal
statute, and the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder, all as the same will then be in effect.
1.27
“Exhibits" means
the several exhibits referred to and identified in this
Agreement.
1.28
“GAAP" means, with
respect to any Person, Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in
the United States of America applied on a consistent basis with
such Person's past practices.
1.29
“Governmental
Authority” means any federal or national, state or
provincial, municipal or local government, governmental authority,
regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission,
department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, political
subdivision, commission, court, tribunal, official, arbitrator or
arbitral body, in each case whether U.S. or non-U.S.
1.30
“Indebtedness"
means any obligation, contingent or otherwise. Any obligation
secured by a Lien on, or payable out of the proceeds of, or
production from, property of the relevant party will be deemed to
be Indebtedness.
1.31
“Indemnified
Persons" has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6.1.
1.32
“Intellectual
Property" means all industrial and intellectual property,
including, without limitation, all U.S. and non-U.S. patents,
patent applications, patent rights, trademarks, trademark
applications, common law trademarks, Internet domain names, trade
names, service marks, service mark applications, common law service
marks, and the goodwill associated therewith, copyrights, in both
published and unpublished works, whether registered or
unregistered, copyright applications, franchises, licenses,
know-how, trade secrets, technical data, designs, customer lists,
confidential and proprietary information, processes and formulae,
all computer software programs or applications, layouts,
inventions, development tools and all documentation and media
constituting, describing or relating to the above, including
manuals, memoranda, and records, whether such intellectual property
has been created, applied for or obtained anywhere throughout the
world.
1.33
“Laws" means, with
respect to any Person, any U.S. or non-U.S. federal, national,
state, provincial, local, municipal, international, multinational
or other law (including common law), constitution, statute, code,
ordinance, rule, regulation or treaty applicable to such
Person.
1.34
“Lien" means any
mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of
any kind, including, without limitation, any conditional sale or
other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof
and the filing of or agreement to give any financing statement
under the Uniform Commercial Code of any jurisdiction and including
any lien or charge arising by Law.
1.35
“Material Acquiror
Contract" means any and all agreements, contracts, arrangements,
leases, commitments or otherwise, of the Acquiror Companies, of the
type and nature that the Acquiror is required to file with the
Commission.
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1.36
“Material Adverse
Effect" means, when used with respect to the Acquiror Companies or
the Acquired Companies, as the case may be, any change, effect or
circumstance which, individually or in the aggregate, would
reasonably be expected to (a) have a material adverse effect on the
business, assets, financial condition or results of operations of
the Acquiror Companies or the Acquired Companies, as the case may
be, in each case taken as a whole or (b) materially impair the
ability of the Acquiror or the Company, as the case may be, to
perform their obligations under this Agreement, excluding any
change, effect or circumstance resulting from (i) the announcement,
pendency or consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, (ii) changes in the United States securities markets
generally, or (iii) changes in general economic, currency exchange
rate, political or regulatory conditions in industries in which the
Acquiror Companies or the Acquired Companies, as the case may be,
operate.
1.37
“Order" means any
award, decision, injunction, judgment, order, ruling, subpoena, or
verdict entered, issued, made, or rendered by any Governmental
Authority.
1.38
“Organizational
Documents" means (a) the articles or certificate of incorporation
and the by laws or code of regulations of a corporation; (b) the
partnership agreement and any statement of partnership of a general
partnership; (c) the limited partnership agreement and the
certificate of limited partnership of a limited partnership; (d)
the articles or certificate of formation and operating agreement of
a limited liability company; (e) any other document performing a
similar function to the documents specified in clauses (a), (b),
(c) and (d) adopted or filed in connection with the creation,
formation or organization of a Person; and (f) any and all
amendments to any of the foregoing.
1.39
“Permitted Liens"
means (a) Liens for Taxes not yet payable or in respect of which
the validity thereof is being contested in good faith by
appropriate proceedings and for the payment of which the relevant
party has made adequate reserves; (b) Liens in respect of pledges
or deposits under workmen's compensation laws or similar
legislation, carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, laborers and
material men and similar Liens, if the obligations secured by such
Liens are not then delinquent or are being contested in good faith
by appropriate proceedings conducted and for the payment of which
the relevant party has made adequate reserves; (c) statutory Liens
incidental to the conduct of the business of the relevant party
which were not incurred in connection with the borrowing of money
or the obtaining of advances or credits and that do not in the
aggregate materially detract from the value of its property or
materially impair the use thereof in the operation of its business;
and (d) Liens that would not have a Material Adverse
Effect.
1.40
“Person" means all
natural persons, corporations, business trusts, associations,
companies partnerships, limited liability companies, joint ventures
and other entities, governments, agencies and political
subdivisions.
1.41
“Preferred Stock"
means the Company's Blanket Preferred Shares, $0. 001 par value per
share.
1.42
Deliberately
Deleted
1.43
“Proceeding" means
any action, arbitration, audit, hearing, investigation, litigation,
or suit (whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative)
commenced, brought, conducted, or heard by or before, or otherwise
involving, any Governmental Authority.
1.44
“Regulation S"
means Regulation S under the Securities Act, as the same may be
amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation
hereafter adopted by the Commission.
1.45
“Rule 144" means
Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as the same may be amended from
time to time, or any successor statute.
1.46
Deliberately
Deleted
1.47
“Schedules"
means the several schedules referred to and identified herein,
setting forth certain disclosures, exceptions and other
information, data and documents referred to at various places
throughout this Agreement.
1.48
“SEC Documents"
has the meaning set forth in Section 6.26.
1.49
“Section 4(2)"
means Section 4(2) under the Securities Act, as the same may be
amended from time to time, or any successor statute.
1.50
“Securities Act"
means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any similar
federal statute, and the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder, all as the same will be in effect at the
time.
1.51
“Shares" means the
(a) 100issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company
and (b) -0- issued and outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, in
each case, owned by the Shareholders and exchanged pursuant to this
Agreement.
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1.52
“Subsidiary"
means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, limited
liability company, joint venture or partnership of which such
Person (a) beneficially owns, either directly or indirectly, more
than 50% of (i) the total combined voting power of all classes of
voting securities of such entity, (ii) the total combined equity
interests, or (iii) the capital or profit interests, in the case of
a partnership; or (b) otherwise has the power to vote or to direct
the voting of sufficient securities to elect a majority of the
board of directors or similar governing body.
1.53
“Survival Period"
has the meaning set forth in Section 12.1.
1.54
“Taxes" means all
foreign, federal, state or local taxes, charges, fees, levies,
imposts, duties and other assessments, as applicable, including,
but not limited to, any income, alternative minimum or add-on,
estimated, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, transfer,
transactions, intangibles, ad valorem, value-added, franchise,
registration, title, license, capital, paid-up capital, profits,
withholding, payroll, employment, unemployment, excise, severance,
stamp, occupation, premium, real property, recording, personal
property, federal highway use, commercial rent, environmental
(including, but not limited to, taxes under Section 59A of the
Code) or windfall profit tax, custom, duty or other tax,
governmental fee or other like assessment or charge of any kind
whatsoever, together with any interest, penalties or additions to
tax with respect to any of the foregoing; and "Tax" means any of
the foregoing Taxes.
1.55
“Tax Group" means
any federal, state, local or foreign consolidated, affiliated,
combined, unitary or other similar group of which the Acquiror is
now or was formerly a member.
1.56
“Tax Return" means
any return, declaration, report, claim for refund or credit,
information return, statement or other similar document filed with
any Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes, including any
schedule or attachment thereto, and including any amendment
thereof.
1.57
“Transaction
Documents" means, collectively, all agreements, instruments and
other documents to be executed and delivered in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
1.58
“U.S." means the
United States of America.
1.59
“U.S. person" has
the meaning set forth in Regulation S under the Securities Act and
set forth on Exhibit C hereto.
SECTION II
EXCHANGE OF SHARES AND
SHARE CONSIDERATION
2.1
Share Exchange. Each of
the Shareholders desires to transfer to, and the Acquiror desires
to acquire from each Shareholder, that number of Shares set out
beside the respective names of the Shareholders in Exhibit
“BB” for the consideration and on the terms set forth
in this Agreement. Subject to Section 3.2, the aggregate
consideration for the Shares acquired by the Acquiror pursuant to
this Agreement will be 142,950,000shares of the Acquiror's Common
Stock to be issued on a pro rata basis among the Shareholders based
on the percentage of the Shares owned by each Shareholder as set
forth in Exhibit BB.
2.2
Deliberately
Deleted
2.3
Section 368
Reorganization. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the exchange
by the Shareholders of the Shares for the Acquiror's Common Stock
is intended to constitute a "reorganization" within the meaning of
Section 368(a)(1)(B) of the Code. The parties to this Agreement
hereby adopt this Agreement as a "plan of reorganization" within
the meaning of Sections 1.368-2(g) and 1.368-3(a) of the United
States Treasury Regulations. Notwithstanding the foregoing or
anything else to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the
parties acknowledge and agree that no party is making any
representation or warranty as to the qualification of the exchange
by the Shareholders of the Shares for the Acquiror's Common Stock
as a reorganization under Section 368 of the Code or as to the
effect, if any, that any transaction consummated prior to the
Closing has or may have on any such reorganization status. The
parties acknowledge and agree that each (i) has had the opportunity
to obtain independent legal and tax advice with respect to the
transaction contemplated by this Agreement, and (ii) is responsible
for paying its own Taxes including without limitation, any adverse
Tax consequences that may result if the transaction contemplated by
this Agreement is not determined to qualify as a reorganization
under Section 368 of the Code.
2.4
Directors of Acquiror at
Closing. Simultaneously with the Closing of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, the current directors of the
Acquiror shall appoint Joel Stohlman and Reid Stone as additional
members of the Acquiror Board. Immediately thereafter, Richard
Laufer and Carol Laufer shall resign as directors of the Acquiror
and the remaining two directors of the Acquiror may appoint a third
director to the Acquiror Board on a future date.
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SECTION III
CLOSING
3.1
Closing. The closing
(the "Closing") of the share exchange will occur at the offices of
Gary B. Wolff, P.C. in New York, New York, on July 22, 2009 or at
such later date as all of the closing conditions set forth in
Sections 9 and 10 have been satisfied or waived (the "Closing
Date"). At the Closing, each Shareholder will deliver to the
Acquiror certificate(s) evidencing the number of Shares held by
such Shareholder (as set forth in Exhibit BB), along with executed
medallion guaranteed stock powers transferring such Shares to the
Acquiror, against delivery to each Shareholder by the Acquiror of a
certificate evidencing such Shareholder's pro rata share of the
Acquiror Shares (as set forth in Exhibit BB).
3.2
The Company shall
provide the Acquiror with all audited financial information
necessary for Acquiror to file a report on Form 8K and/or Form 10K
and/or any Registration Statement with the SEC. Such information
will be audited by an accounting firm that is qualified to practice
before the SEC and contain no qualifications as to compliance with
US GAAP.
SECTION IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF SHAREHOLDERS
4.1
Generally. Each
Shareholder, severally and not jointly, hereby represents and
warrants to the Acquiror:
4.1.1
Authority. Such
Shareholder has the right, power, authority and capacity to execute
and deliver this Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents to
which such Shareholder is a party, to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and each of the Transaction
Documents to which such Shareholder is a party, and to perform such
Shareholder's obligations under this Agreement and each of the
Transaction Documents to which such Shareholder is a party. This
Agreement has been, and each of the Transaction Documents to which
such Shareholder is a party will be, duly and validly authorized
and approved, executed and delivered by such Shareholder. Assuming
this Agreement and the Transaction Documents have been duly and
validly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto
other than such Shareholder, this Agreement is, and as of the
Closing each of the Transaction Documents to which such Shareholder
is a party will have been, duly authorized, executed and delivered
by such Shareholder and constitute or will constitute the legal,
valid and binding obligation of such Shareholder, enforceable
against such Shareholder in accordance with their respective terms,
except as such enforcement is limited by general equitable
principles, or by bankruptcy, insolvency and other similar Laws
affecting the enforcement of creditors rights generally.
4.1.2
No Conflict. Neither the
execution or delivery by such Shareholder of this Agreement or any
Transaction Document to which such Shareholder is a party, nor the
consummation or performance by such Shareholder of the transactions
contemplated hereby or thereby will, directly or indirectly, (a)
contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of any
provision of the Organization Documents of such Shareholder (if
such Shareholder is not a natural person); (b) contravene, conflict
with, constitute a default (or an event or condition which, with
notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under,
or result in the termination or acceleration of, any agreement or
instrument to which such Shareholder is a party or by which the
properties or assets of such Shareholder are bound; or (c)
contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of, any Law or
Order to which such Shareholder, or any of the properties or assets
of such Shareholder, may be subject.
4.1.3
Ownership of Shares.
Such Shareholder owns, of record and beneficially, and has good,
valid and indefeasible title to and the right to transfer to the
Acquiror pursuant to this Agreement, such Shareholder's Shares free
and clear of any and all Liens. There are no options, rights,
voting trusts, stockholder agreements or any other contracts or
understandings to which such Shareholder is a party or by which
such Shareholder or such Shareholder's Shares are bound with
respect to the issuance, sale, transfer, voting or registration of
such Shareholder's Shares. At the Closing, the Acquiror will
acquire good, valid and marketable title to such Shareholder's
Shares free and clear of any and all Liens.
4.1.4
Litigation. There is no
pending Proceeding against such Shareholder that challenges, or may
have the effect of preventing, delaying or making illegal, or
otherwise interfering with, any of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and, to the knowledge of such Shareholder, no such
Proceeding has been threatened, and no event or circumstance exists
that is reasonably likely to give rise to or serve as a basis for
the commencement of any such Proceeding.
4.1.5
No Brokers or Finders.
Except as disclosed in Schedule 4.1.5, no Person has, or as a
result of the transactions contemplated herein will have, any right
or valid claim against such Shareholder for any commission, fee or
other compensation as a finder or broker, or in any similar
capacity, and such Shareholder will indemnify and hold the Acquiror
harmless against any liability or expense arising out of, or in
connection with, any such claim.
4.2
Investment
Representations. Each Shareholder, severally and not jointly,
hereby represents and warrants to the Acquiror:
5
4.2.1
Acknowledgment. Each
Shareholder understands and agrees that the Acquiror Shares have
not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws
of any state of the U.S. and that the issuance of the Acquiror
Shares is being effected in reliance upon an exemption from
registration afforded either under Section 4(2) of the Securities
Act for transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering
or Regulation S for offers and sales of securities outside the
U.S.
4.2.2
Status. By its execution
of this Agreement, each Shareholder, severally and not jointly,
represents and warrants to the Acquiror as indicated on its
signature page to this Agreement, either that:(a) it is an
Accredited Investor; or (b) it is not a U.S. person.
Each Shareholder
severally understands that the Acquiror Shares are being offered
and sold to such Shareholder in reliance upon the truth and
accuracy of the representations, warranties, agreements,
acknowledgments and understandings of such Shareholder set forth in
this Agreement, in order that the Acquiror may determine the
applicability and availability of the exemptions from registration
of the Acquiror Shares on which the Acquiror is relying.
4.2.3
Additional
Representations and Warranties of Accredited Investors. Each
Shareholder indicating that it is an Accredited Investor on its
signature page to this Agreement, severally and not jointly,
further makes the representations and warranties to the Acquiror
set forth on Exhibit E.
4.2.4
Additional
Representations and Warranties of Non-U.S. Persons. Each
Shareholder indicating that it is not a U.S. person on its
signature page to this Agreement, severally and not jointly,
further makes the representations and warranties to the Acquiror
set forth on Exhibit F.
4.2.5
Stock Legends. Each
Shareholder hereby agrees with the Acquiror as follows:
(a)
Securities Act Legend -
Accredited Investors. The certificates evidencing the Acquiror
Shares issued to those Shareholders who are Accredited Investors,
and each certificate issued in transfer thereof, will bear the
following legend:
THE SECURITIES
REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"), OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES LAWS AND NEITHER SUCH SECURITIES NOR ANY INTEREST
THEREIN MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED, ASSIGNED OR OTHERWISE
TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (1) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES
LAWS OR (2) PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE
REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE
STATE SECURITIES LAWS, IN WHICH CASE THE HOLDER MUST, PRIOR TO SUCH
TRANSFER, FURNISH TO THE COMPANY AN OPINION OF COUNSEL, WHICH
COUNSEL AND OPINION ARE REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY,
THAT SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED, ASSIGNED OR
OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE MANNER CONTEMPLATED PURSUANT TO AN
AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE
SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
(b)
Securities Act Legend -
Non-U.S. Persons. The certificates evidencing the Acquiror Shares
issued to those Shareholders who are not U.S. persons, and each
certificate issued in transfer thereof, will bear the following
legend:
THE SECURITIES
REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"), OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES LAWS AND NEITHER SUCH SECURITIES NOR ANY INTEREST
THEREIN MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED, ASSIGNED OR OTHERWISE
TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (1) IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
REGULATION S PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, AND BASED ON AN
OPINION OF COUNSEL, WHICH COUNSEL AND OPINION ARE REASONABLY
SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY, THAT THE PROVISIONS OF REGULATION S
HAVE BEEN SATISFIED (2) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE
SECURITIES
LAWS OR (3) PURSUANT TO
AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE
SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, IN WHICH CASE
THE HOLDER MUST, PRIOR TO SUCH TRANSFER, FURNISH TO THE
COMPANY
AN OPINION OF COUNSEL,
WHICH COUNSEL AND OPINION ARE REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE
COMPANY, THAT SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED,
ASSIGNED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE MANNER CONTEMPLATED
PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION
REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES
LAWS. HEDGING TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY
THIS CERTIFICATE MAY NOT BE CONDUCTED UNLESS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE
SECURITIES ACT.
6
(c)
Other Legends. The
certificates representing such Acquiror Shares, and each
certificate issued in transfer thereof, will also bear any other
legend required under any applicable Law, including, without
limitation, any U.S. state corporate and state securities law, or
contract.
(d)
Opinion. No Shareholder
will transfer any or all of the Acquiror Shares pursuant to
Regulation S or absent an effective registration statement under
the Securities Act and applicable state securities law covering the
disposition of such Shareholder's Acquiror Shares, without first
providing the Acquiror with an opinion of counsel (which counsel
and opinion are reasonably satisfactory to the Acquiror) to the
effect that such transfer will be made in compliance with
Regulation S or will be exempt from the registration and the
prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act and the
registration or qualification requirements of any applicable U.S.
state securities laws.
(e)
Consent. Each
Shareholder understands and acknowledges that the Acquiror may
refuse to transfer the Acquiror Shares, unless such Shareholder
complies with this Section 4.2.5 and any other restrictions on
transferability set forth in Exhibits E and F. Each Shareholder
consents to the Acquiror making a notation on its records or giving
instructions to any transfer agent of the Acquiror's Common Stock
in order to implement the restrictions on transfer of the Acquiror
Shares.
SECTION V
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES BY THE COMPANY
The Company represents
and warrants to the Acquiror as follows:
5.1
Organization and
Qualification. The Company is duly incorporated and validly
existing under the laws of the State of Nevada, has all requisite
authority and power (corporate and other), governmental licenses,
authorizations, consents and approvals to carry on its business as
presently conducted and as contemplated to be conducted, to own,
hold and operate its properties and assets as now owned, held and
operated by it, to enter into this Agreement, to carry out the
provisions hereof except where the failure to be so organized,
existing and in good standing or to have such authority or power
will not, in the aggregate, either (i) have a material adverse
effect on the business, assets or financial condition of the
Company, or (ii) materially impair the ability of the Company and
the Shareholders each to perform their material obligations under
this Agreement (any of such effects or impairments, a "Material
Adverse Effect"). The Company is duly qualified, licensed or
domesticated as a foreign corporation in good standing in each
jurisdiction wherein the nature of its activities or its properties
owned or leased makes such qualification, licensing or
domestication necessary, except where the failure to be so
qualified, licensed or domesticated will not have a Material
Adverse Effect. Set forth on Schedule 5.1 is a list of those
jurisdictions in which the Company presently conducts its business,
owns, holds and operates its properties and assets.
5.2
Subsidiaries. Except as
set forth on Schedule 5.2, the Company does not own directly or
indirectly, any equity or other ownership interest in any
corporation, partnership, joint venture or other entity or
enterprise.
5.3
Articles of
Incorporation and Bylaws. The copies of the Articles of Association
of the Company (the "Organizational Documents") that have been
delivered to the Acquiror prior to the execution of this Agreement
are true and complete and have not been amended or repealed. The
Company is not in violation or breach of any of the provisions of
the Organizational Documents, except for such violations or
breaches as, in the aggregate, will not have a Material Adverse
Effect.
5.4
Authorization and
Validity of this Agreement. The execution, delivery and performance
by the Company of this Agreement and the recording of the transfer
of the Shares and the delivery of the Shares are within the
Company's corporate powers, have been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate action, do not require from the Board or
Shareholders of the Company any consent or approval that has not
been validly and lawfully obtained, require no authorization,
consent, approval, license, exemption of or filing or registration
with any court or governmental department, commission, board,
bureau, agency or instrumentality of government that has not been
validly and lawfully obtained, filed or registered, as the case may
be, except for those that, if not obtained or made would not have a
Material Adverse Effect.
5.5
No Violation. None of
the execution, delivery or performance by the Company of this
Agreement or any other agreement or instrument contemplated hereby
to which the Company is a party, nor the consummation by the
Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will violate any
provision of the Organizational Documents, or violate or be in
conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event or condition
which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a
default) under, or result in the termination or acceleration of, or
result in the creation of imposition of any Lien under, any
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which
the Company is or will be bound or subject, or violate any
laws.
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5.6
Binding Obligations.
Assuming this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized,
executed and delivered by the Acquiror, the Acquiror Shareholders
and the Shareholders, this Agreement is, and as of the Closing each
other agreement or instrument contemplated hereby to which the
Company is a party, will have been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company and will be the legal, valid and binding
Agreement of the Company and is enforceable against the Company in
accordance with its terms, except as such enforcement is limited by
general equitable principles, or by bankruptcy, insolvency and
other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors rights
generally.
5.7
Capitalization and
Related Matters.
5.7.1
Capitalization. The
authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (a) 74,000,000
shares of Common Stock, of which 100 shares are issued and
outstanding and (b) 1,000,000 Preferred Shares, of which -0- shares
are issued and outstanding. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.7.1,
there are no outstanding or authorized options, warrants, calls,
subscriptions, rights (including any preemptive rights or rights of
first refusal), agreements or commitments of any character
obligating the Company to issue any shares of its Common Stock or
any other Equity Security of the Company. All issued and
outstanding shares of the Company's capital stock are duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and have
not been issued in violation of any preemptive or similar
rights.
5.7.2
No Redemption
Requirements. Except as set forth in Schedule 5.7.2, there are no
outstanding contractual obligations (contingent or otherwise) of
the Company to retire, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any
outstanding shares of capital stock of, or other ownership
interests in, the Company or to provide funds to or make any
investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or
otherwise) in any other entity.
5.7.3
Duly Authorized. The
exchange of the Shares has been duly authorized and, upon delivery
to the Acquiror of certificates therefore in accordance with the
terms of this Agreement, the Shares will have been validly issued
and fully paid and will be nonassessable, have the rights,
preferences and privileges specified, will be free of preemptive
rights and will be free and clear of all Liens and restrictions,
other than Liens set forth on Schedule 5.7.3 or that might have
been created by the Acquiror and restrictions on transfer imposed
by this Agreement and the Securities Act.
5.8
Shareholders. Exhibit BB
contains a true and complete list of the names and addresses of the
record and beneficial holders of all of the outstanding Equity
Securities of the Company. Except as expressly provided in this
Agreement, no Holder of Shares or any other security of the Company
or any other Person is entitled to any preemptive right, right of
first refusal or similar right as a result of the issuance of the
shares or otherwise. There is no voting trust, agreement or
arrangement among any of the Holders of any Equity Securities of
the Company affecting the exercise of the voting rights of any such
Equity Securities.
5.9
Compliance with Laws and
Other Instruments. Except as would not have a Material Adverse
Effect, the business and operations of the Company have been and
are being conducted in accordance with all applicable foreign,
federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations and all
applicable orders, injunctions, decrees, writs, judgments,
determinations and awards of all courts and governmental agencies
and instrumentalities. Except as would not have a Material Adverse
Effect, the Company is not, and is not alleged to be, in violation
of, or (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) in default
under, or in breach of, any term or provision of the Organizational
Documents or of any indenture, loan or credit agreement, note, deed
of trust, mortgage, security agreement or other material agreement,
lease, license or other instrument, commitment, obligation or
arrangement to which the Company is a party or by which any of the
Company's properties, assets or rights are bound or affected. To
the knowledge of the Company, no other party to any material
contract, agreement, lease, license, commitment, instrument or
other obligation to which the Company is a party is (with or
without notice or lapse of time or both) in default thereunder or
in breach of any term thereof. The Company is not subject to any
obligation or restriction of any kind or character, nor is there,
to the knowledge of the Company, any event or circumstance relating
to the Company that materially and adversely affects in any way its
business, properties, assets or prospects or that prohibits the
Company from entering into this Agreement or would prevent or make
burdensome its performance of or compliance with all or any part of
this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby or thereby.
5.10
Certain Proceedings.
There is no pending Proceeding that has been commenced against the
Company and that challenges, or may have the effect of preventing,
delaying, making illegal, or otherwise interfering with, any of the
transactions contemplated in this Agreement. To the Company's
knowledge, no such Proceeding has been threatened.
5.11
No Brokers or Finders.
Except as disclosed in Schedule 5.11, no person has, or as a result
of the transactions contemplated herein will have, any right or
valid claim against the Company for any commission, fee or other
compensation as a finder or broker, or in any similar capacity, and
the Company will indemnify and hold the Acquiror harmless against
any liability or expense arising out of, or in connection with, any
such claim.
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5.12
Title to and Condition
of Properties. The Company owns or holds under valid leases or
other rights to use all real property, plants, machinery and
equipment necessary for the conduct of the business of the Company
as presently conducted, except where the failure to own or hold
such property, plants, machinery and equipment would not have a
Material Adverse Effect on the Company. The material buildings,
plants, machinery and equipment necessary for the conduct of the
business of the Company as presently conducted are structurally
sound, are in good operating condition and repair and are adequate
for the uses to which they are being put, in each case, taken as a
whole, and none of such buildings, plants, machinery or equipment
is in need of maintenance or repairs, except for ordinary, routine
maintenance and repairs that are not material in nature or
cost.
5.13
Board Recommendation.
The Board has, by unanimous written consent, determined that this
Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, are
advisable and in the best interests of the Company's
Shareholders.
SECTION VI
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE ACQUIROR AND
THE ACQUIROR
SHAREHOLDERS
The Acquiror and the
Acquiror Shareholders, jointly and severally, represents and
warrants to the Shareholders and the Company as follows:
6.1
Organization and
Qualification. Each of the Acquiror Companies is duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its
jurisdiction of organization, has all requisite authority and power
(corporate and other), governmental licenses, authorizations,
consents and approvals to carry on its business as presently
conducted and to own, hold and operate its properties and assets as
now owned, held and operated by it, except where the failure to be
so organized, existing and in good standing, or to have such
authority and power, governmental licenses, authorizations,
consents or approvals would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
Each of the Acquiror Companies is duly qualified, licensed or
domesticated as a foreign corporation in good standing in each
jurisdiction wherein the nature of its activities or its properties
owned, held or operated makes such qualification, licensing or
domestication necessary, except where the failure to be so duly
qualified, licensed or domesticated and in good standing would not
have a Material Adverse Effect. Schedule 6.1 sets forth a true,
correct and complete list of each Acquiror Company's jurisdiction
of organization and each other jurisdiction in which such Acquiror
Company presently conducts its business or owns, holds and operates
its properties and assets.
6.2
Subsidiaries. Except as
set forth on Schedule 6.2, no Acquiror Company owns, directly or
indirectly, any equity or other ownership interest in any
corporation, partnership, joint venture or other entity or
enterprise.
6.3
Organizational
Documents. True, correct and complete copies of the Organizational
Documents of each Acquiror Company have been delivered to the
Company prior to the execution of this Agreement, and no action has
been taken to amend or repeal such Organizational Documents except
for the filing of the Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of
the Acquiror, dated July 8 2009. No Acquiror Company is in
violation or breach of any of the provisions of its Organizational
Documents, except for such violations or breaches as would not have
a Material Adverse Effect.
6.4
Authorization. The
Acquiror has all requisite authority and power (corporate and
other), governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and
approvals to enter into this Agreement and each of the Transaction
Documents to which the Acquiror is a party, to consummate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the
Transaction Documents to which the Acquiror is a party and to
perform its obligations under this Agreement and each of the
Transaction Documents to which the Acquiror is a party. The
execution, delivery and performance by the Acquiror of this
Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents to which the
Acquiror is a party have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action and do not require from the Acquiror Board or the
stockholders of the Acquiror any consent or approval that has not
been validly and lawfully obtained. The execution, delivery and
performance by the Acquiror of this Agreement and each of the
Transaction Documents to which the Acquiror is a party requires no
authorization, consent, approval, license, exemption of or filing
or registration with any Governmental Authority or other Person
other than such customary filings with the Commission for
transactions of the type contemplated by this Agreement, if
required.
9
6.5
No Violation. Neither
the execution or delivery by the Acquiror of this Agreement or any
Transaction Document to which the Acquiror is a party, nor the
consummation or performance by the Acquiror of the transactions
contemplated hereby or thereby will, directly or indirectly, (a)
contravene, conflict with, or result in a violation of any
provision of the Organizational Documents of any Acquiror Company;
(b) contravene, conflict with, constitute a default (or an event or
condition which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would
constitute a default) under, or result in the termination or
acceleration of, or result in the imposition or creation of any
Lien under, any agreement or instrument to which any Acquiror
Company is a party or by which the properties or assets of any
Acquiror Company are bound; (c) contravene, conflict with, or
result in a violation of, any Law or Order to which any Acquiror
Company, or any of the properties or assets owned or used by any
Acquiror Company, may be subject; or (d) contravene, conflict with,
or result in a violation of, the terms or requirements of, or give
any Governmental Authority the right to revoke, withdraw, suspend,
cancel, terminate or modify, any licenses, permits, authorizations,
approvals, franchises or other rights held by any Acquiror Company
or that otherwise relate to the business of, or any of the
properties or assets owned or used by, any Acquiror Company,
except, in the case of clause (b), (c), or (d), for any such
contraventions, conflicts, violations, or other occurrences as
would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
6.6
Binding Obligations.
Assuming this Agreement and the Transaction Documents have been
duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties
thereto other than the Acquiror, this Agreement has been, and as of
the Closing each of the Transaction Documents to which the Acquiror
is a party will be, duly authorized, executed and delivered by the
Acquiror and constitutes or will constitute, as the case may be,
the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Acquiror,
enforceable against the Acquiror in accordance with their
respective terms, except as such enforcement is limited by general
equitable principles, or by bankruptcy, insolvency and other
similar Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors rights
generally.
6.7
Securities Laws.
Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the
Shareholders contained in Section 4 and Exhibits E and F, the
issuance of the Acquiror Shares pursuant to this Agreement are and
will be (a) exempt from the registration and prospectus delivery
requirements of the Securities Act, and (b) accomplished in
conformity with all applicable federal securities laws.
6.8
Capitalization and
Related Matters.
6.8.1
Capitalization. The
authorized capital stock of the Acquiror consists of 250,000,000
shares of the Acquiror's Common Stock, of which 10,200,000 shares
are issued and outstanding, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, none of which are issued and outstanding. All issued and
outstanding shares of the Acquiror's Common Stock are duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and have
not been issued in violation of any preemptive or similar rights.
On the Closing Date, the Acquiror will have sufficient authorized
and unissued Acquiror's Common Stock to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby. Except as disclosed in Schedule 6.8.1 or the
SEC Documents, there are no outstanding options, warrants, purchase
agreements, participation agreements, subscription rights,
conversion rights, exchange rights or other securities or contracts
that could require the Acquiror to issue, sell or otherwise cause
to become outstanding any of its authorized but unissued shares of
capital stock or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for
or carrying a right or option to purchase shares of capital stock
or to create, authorize, issue, sell or otherwise cause to become
outstanding any new class of capital stock. There are no
outstanding stockholders' agreements, voting trusts or
arrangements, registration rights agreements, rights of first
refusal or other contracts pertaining to the capital stock of the
Acquiror. The issuance of all of the shares of Acquiror's Common
Stock described in this Section 6.8.1 have been in compliance with
U.S. federal securities laws.
6.8.2
No Redemption
Requirements. Except as set forth in Schedule 6.8.2 or in the SEC
Documents, there are no outstanding contractual obligations
(contingent or otherwise) of the Acquiror to retire, repurchase,
redeem or otherwise acquire any outstanding shares of capital stock
of, or other ownership interests in, the Acquiror or to provide
funds to or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital
contribution or otherwise) in any other Person.
6.8.3
Duly Authorized. The
issuance of the Acquiror Shares has been duly authorized and, upon
delivery to the Shareholders of certificates therefore in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Acquiror Shares
will have been validly issued and fully paid, and will be
nonassessable, have the rights, preferences and privileges
specified, will be free of preemptive rights and will be free and
clear of all Liens and restrictions, other than Liens created by
the Shareholders and restrictions on transfer imposed by this
Agreement and the Securities Act or any lock-up
agreements.
10
6.8.4
Subsidiaries. The
capitalization of each Acquiror Subsidiary, if any, is as set forth
on Schedule 6.8.4. The issued and outstanding shares of capital
stock of each Acquiror Subsidiary set forth on such schedule have
been duly authorized and are validly issued and outstanding, fully
paid and non-assessable, and constitute all of the issued and
outstanding capital stock of such Acquiror Subsidiary. The owners
of the shares of each of the Acquiror Subsidiaries set forth on
Schedule 6.8.4 own, and have good, valid and marketable title to,
all shares of capital stock of such Subsidiaries. There are no
outstanding or authorized options, warrants, purchase agreements,
participation agreements, subscription rights, conversion rights,
exchange rights or other securities or contracts that could require
any of the Acquiror Subsidiaries to issue, sell or otherwise cause
to become outstanding any of its respective authorized but unissued
shares of capital stock or any securities convertible into,
exchangeable for or carrying a right or option to purchase shares
of capital stock or to create, authorize, issue, sell or otherwise
cause to become outstanding any new class of capital stock. There
are no outstanding stockholders' agreements, voting trusts or
arrangements, registration rights agreements, rights of first
refusal or other contracts pertaining to the capital stock of any
of the Acquiror Subsidiaries. None of the outstanding shares of
capital stock of any of the Acquiror Subsidiaries has been issued
in violation of any rights of any Person or in violation of any
Law.
6.9
Compliance with Laws.
Except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, the business
and operations of each Acquiror Company have been and are being
conducted in accordance with all applicable Laws and Orders. Except
as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, no Acquiror Company
has received notice of any violation (or any Proceeding involving
an allegation of any violation) of any applicable Law or Order by
or affecting such Acquiror Company and, to the knowledge of the
Acquiror, no Proceeding involving an allegation of violation of any
applicable Law or Order is threatened or contemplated. Except as
would not have a Material Adverse Effect, no Acquiror Company is
subject to any obligation or restriction of any kind or character,
nor is there, to the knowledge of the Acquiror, any event or
circumstance relating to any Acquiror Company that materially and
adversely affects in any way its business, properties, assets or
prospects or that prohibits the Acquiror from entering into this
Agreement or would prevent or make burdensome its performance of or
compliance with all or any part of this Agreement or the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
6.10
Certain Proceedings.
There is no pending Proceeding that has been commenced against the
Acquiror and that challenges, or may have the effect of preventing,
delaying, making illegal, or otherwise interfering with, any of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. To the knowledge of
the Acquiror, no such Proceeding has been threatened.
6.11
No Brokers or Finders.
Except as disclosed in Schedule 6.11, no Person has, or as a result
of the transactions contemplated herein will have, any right or
valid claim against any Acquiror Company for any commission, fee or
other compensation as a finder or broker, or in any similar
capacity, and the Acquiror will indemnify and hold the Company
harmless against any liability or expense arising out of, or in
connection with, any such claim.
6.12
Absence of Undisclosed
Liabilities. Except as set forth on Schedule 6.12 or in the SEC
Documents, no Acquiror Company has any debt, obligation or
liability (whether accrued, absolute, contingent, liquidated or
otherwise, whether due or to become due, whether or not known to
such Acquiror Company) arising out of any transaction entered into
at or prior to the Closing or any act or omission at or prior to
the Closing, except to the extent set forth on or reserved against
on the Acquiror Balance Sheet. Except as set forth on Schedule
6.12, no Acquiror Company has incurred any liabilities or
obligations under agreements entered into, in the usual and
ordinary course of business since March 31, 2009. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, all liabilities will be discharged prior to or at
the Closing so that, at the Closing, the Acquiror will have no
direct, contingent or other obligations of any kind or any
commitment or contractual obligations of any kind and
description.
6.13
Changes. Except as set
forth on Schedule 6.13 or in the SEC Documents, no Acquiror Company
has, since March 31, 2009:
6.13.1
Ordinary Course of
Business. Conducted its business or entered into any transaction
other than in the usual and ordinary course of business, except for
this Agreement.
6.13.2
Adverse Changes.
Suffered or experienced any change in, or affecting, its condition
(financial or otherwise), properties, assets, liabilities,
business, operations, results of operations or prospects other than
changes, events or conditions in the usual and ordinary course of
its business, none of which would have a Material Adverse
Effect;
6.13.3
Loans. Made any loans or
advances to any Person other than travel advances and reimbursement
of expenses made to employees, officers and directors in the
ordinary course of business;
6.13.4
Liens. Created or
permitted to exist any Lien on any material property or asset of
the Acquiror Companies, other than Permitted Liens;
11
6.13.5
Capital Stock. Issued,
sold, disposed of or encumbered, or authorized the issuance, sale,
disposition or encumbrance of, or granted or issued any option to
acquire any shares of its capital stock or any other of its
securities or any Equity Security, or altered the term of any of
its outstanding securities or made any change in its outstanding
shares of capital stock or its capitalization (except by way of
amended Certificate of Incorporation) whether by reason of
reclassification, recapitalization, stock split, combination,
exchange or readjustment of shares, stock dividend or
otherwise;
6.13.6
Dividends. Declared, set
aside, made or paid any dividend or other distribution to any of
its stockholders;
6.13.7
Material Acquiror
Contracts. Terminated or modified any Material Acquiror Contract,
except for termination upon expiration in accordance with the terms
thereof;
6.13.8
Claims. Released, waived
or cancelled any claims or rights relating to or affecting such
Acquiror Company in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate or
instituted or settled any Proceeding involving in excess of $10,000
in the aggregate;
6.13.9
Discharged Liabilities.
Paid, discharged or satisfied any claim, obligation or liability in
excess of $10,000 in the aggregate, except for liabilities incurred
prior to the date of this Agreement in the ordinary course of
business;
6.13.10
Indebtedness. Created,
incurred, assumed or otherwise become liable for any Indebtedness
in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate, other than professional fees
(as indicated in Schedule 6.13.10);
6.13.11
Guarantees. Guaranteed
or endorsed in a material amount any obligation or net worth of any
Person;
6.13.12
Acquisitions. Acquired
the capital stock or other securities or any ownership interest in,
or substantially all of the assets of, any other Person;
6.13.13
Accounting. Changed its
method of accounting or the accounting principles or practices
utilized in the preparation of its financial statements, other than
as required by GAAP;
6.13.14
Agreements. Except as
set forth on Schedule 6.13.14 or in the SEC Documents, entered into
any agreement, or otherwise obligated itself, to do any of the
foregoing.
6.14
Material Acquiror
Contracts. Except to the extent already filed with the SEC
Documents, (and available on its “Edgar” database) the
Acquiror has made available to the Company, prior to the date of
this Agreement, true, correct and complete copies of each written
Material Acquiror Contract, including each amendment, supplement
and modification thereto.
6.14.1
No Defaults. Each
Material Acquiror Contract is a valid and binding agreement of the
Acquiror Company that is party thereto, and is in full force and
effect. Except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect, no
Acquiror Company is in breach or default of any Material Acquiror
Contract to which it is a party and, to the knowledge of the
Acquiror, no other party to any Material Acquiror Contract is in
breach or default thereof. Except as would not have a Material
Adverse Effect, no event has occurred or circumstance exists that
(with or without notice or lapse of time) would (a) contravene,
conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or
become