Exhibit 10.7
SECURITY
AGREEMENT
THIS SECURITY
AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) dated
as of April 3, 2008, is made by and between VIVUS, INC.
, a Delaware corporation (the “ Debtor ”),
DEERFIELD ED CORPORATION , a Delaware corporation (“
ED ”), and the entities listed on Exhibit 1
hereto (each a “ Stockholder ,” together the
“ Stockholders ” and together with ED the
“ Secured Parties ”).
WHEREAS , the
Debtor and the Secured Parties have entered into that certain
Option and Put Agreement dated as of April 3, 2008 (the
“ Option and Put Agreement ”) pursuant to which
the Secured Parties have granted the Debtor an option to purchase
from the Stockholders all of the outstanding shares of common stock
of ED and the Debtor has agreed to grant to the Stockholders an
option to require the Debtor to purchase from the Stockholders all
of the outstanding shares of common stock of ED, all upon the terms
and conditions set forth therein;
WHEREAS , the
Debtor and ED have entered into that certain Funding and Royalty
Agreement dated as of April 3, 2008 (the “ Royalty
Agreement ”) pursuant to which ED has agreed to provide
funds to the Debtor in consideration of the payment by the Debtor
of a royalty on future sales of certain pharmaceutical products
specified therein;
WHEREAS , it is a
condition precedent to the Secured Parties’ execution of the
Option and Put Agreement that the Debtor execute and deliver to the
Secured Parties a security agreement in substantially the form
hereof;
WHEREAS , the
Debtor wishes to grant a security interest in favor of the Secured
Parties on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth
herein; and
WHEREAS , the
Debtor intends to enter into a separate Security Agreement (the
“ Royalty Security Agreement ”) with ED,
pursuant to which the Debtor will grant to ED a security interest
in the same Collateral (as defined herein) as the Debtor grants a
security interest to the Secured Parties pursuant to this
Agreement, which security interest shall be subordinate to the
security interest granted to the Secured Parties under this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE , in
consideration of the promises contained herein and for other good
and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which
are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
1.1
UCC Terms . The following terms that are defined in
the Uniform Commercial Code (as hereinafter defined) are used in
this Agreement as so defined (and, in the event any such term is
defined differently for purposes of Article 9 of the Uniform
Commercial Code than for any other purpose or purposes of the
Uniform Commercial Code, the Article 9 definition shall
govern): Account, Documents, Equipment, Inventory, Proceeds
and Records.
1.2
Royalty Agreement Terms . All other capitalized terms
not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to
such terms in the Royalty Agreement.
1.3
Other Defined Terms . In addition, the following terms
shall have the meanings set forth below:
“ Collateral ” means and
includes the Registrations, the Intellectual Property and all of
the Accounts, Equipment and Inventory arising out of or relating
specifically to the Royalty Products, wherever located, of the
Debtor now or hereafter held or received by, in transit to, or in
the possession or control of the Debtor or ED, and any
substitutions or replacements thereof and any products and proceeds
thereof, including without limitation, insurance proceeds.
Equipment of which Debtor makes significant use for purposes
unrelated to the Royalty Products is not Collateral.
“ Collateral Accounts ”
means any Accounts comprising any or all of the
Collateral.
“ Collateral Collection Accounts
” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.4
.
“ Collateral Equipment ”
means Equipment comprising part of the Collateral.
“ Collateral Inventory ”
means any Inventory comprising any or all of the
Collateral.
“ Copyright ” means the
legal right provided by the Copyright Act of 1976, as amended, to
the expression contained in any work of authorship fixed in any
tangible medium of expression together with any similar rights
arising in any other country as a result of statute or treaty, and
any right that may exist to obtain a registration with respect
thereto from any Governmental Authority and any rights arising
under any such application.
“ Event of Default ” shall
mean any failure of the Debtor to make any payments to any of the
Secured Parties when and as required pursuant to the Option and Put
Agreement within fifteen (15) days after the Debtor receives
written notice of such failure to pay from the Secured
Parties.
“ Governmental Authority ”
means any nation or government, any state or other political
subdivision thereof, any municipal, local, city or county
government, any entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial,
regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to
government and any corporation or other entity owned or controlled,
through capital stock or otherwise, by any of the
foregoing.
“ Intellectual Property ”
means all Patents, Marks, Trade Names, Copyrights, Software, Trade
Secrets, Know-How, tests, protocols, standard operating procedures,
results and data owned, licensed, possessed, used or useful by the
Debtor specifically relating to or necessary for the Royalty
Products or the composition, manufacture, quality control, testing,
packaging, storage or use of the Royalty Products.
“Intellectual Property” includes the contents of the
drug master file, all adverse event reports made or received by the
Debtor and all submissions made to the FDA relating to the Royalty
Products.
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“ Know-How ” means ideas,
designs, inventions, discoveries, concepts, compilations of
information, methods, techniques, procedures and processes, whether
confidential or not, whether patentable or not and whether reduced
to practice or not.
“ Lien ” means any mortgage,
claim, lien, security interest, pledge, escrow, charge, option,
restriction or encumbrance of any kind or character
whatsoever.
“ Mark ” means any word,
name, symbol or device used by a Person to identify its goods or
services, whether or not registered, all goodwill associated
therewith, and any right that may exist to obtain a registration
with respect thereto from any Governmental Authority and any rights
arising under any such application. “Mark”
includes trademarks and service marks.
“ Obligations ” means all of
the obligations and liabilities of the Debtor to make payments to
the Secured Parties pursuant to the Option and Put
Agreement.
“ Patent ” means any patent
granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or by the
comparable agency of any other country, and any renewal thereof,
and any rights arising under any patent application filed with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the comparable agency of any
other country and any rights that may exist to file any such
application.
“ Permitted Liens ” means
(i) Liens for current Taxes not yet delinquent or Liens for
Taxes being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings
for which adequate reserves have been made, (ii) possessory
Liens on personal property imposed by law, such as the Liens of
carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, materialmen and landlords,
incurred in the ordinary course for sums not constituting borrowed
money, that are not overdue or which are being contested in good
faith and by appropriate proceedings, (iii) the Liens granted
pursuant to this Agreement (iv) Liens in favor of the
Stockholders and (v) Liens in favor of customs and revenue
authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payments of
customs duties in connection with the importation of
goods.
“ Person ” means any
corporation, association, joint venture, partnership, limited
liability company, organization, business, individual, trust,
Governmental Authority or other legal entity.
“ Registrations ” has the
meaning given such term in the Royalty Agreement.
“ Royalty Products ” has the
meaning given such term in the Royalty Agreement.
“ Software ” means, with
respect to a Person, all types of computer software programs owned,
licensed, used or usable by such Person, including operating
systems, application programs, software tools, firmware and
software imbedded in equipment, including both object code and
source code versions thereof. The term “Software”
also includes all written or electronic materials that explain the
structure or use of the Software or that were used in the
development of the Software, including logic diagrams, flow charts,
procedural diagrams, error reports, manuals and training
materials.
“ Trade Names ” means any
words, names or symbols used by a Person to identify its
business.
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“ Trade Secrets ” means the
business or technical information of any Person including, but not
limited to, customer lists, marketing data and Know-How that is not
generally known to other Persons who are not subject to an
obligation of nondisclosure and that derives actual or potential
commercial value from being not generally known to other
Persons.
“ Uniform Commercial Code ”
means the Uniform Commercial Code as the same may be in effect from
time to time in the State of Delaware; provided that if, by reason
of applicable law, the validity or perfection of any security
interest in any Collateral granted under this Agreement is governed
by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in another
jurisdiction, then as to the validity or perfection, as the case
may be, of such security interest, “Uniform Commercial
Code” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from
time to time in such other jurisdiction.
1.4
Construction . Unless the context requires otherwise,
words in the singular include the plural, words in the plural
include the singular, and words importing any gender shall be
applicable to all genders. If a term is defined as one part
of speech (such as a noun), it shall have a corresponding meaning
when used as another part of speech (such as a verb).
ARTICLE 2
GRANT OF SECURITY
INTEREST
2.1
Pledge and Grant of Security Interest . The Debtor
hereby pledges, assigns and delivers to the Secured Parties and
grants to the Secured Parties, to secure the payment and
performance in full of all of the Obligations, a lien upon and
security interest in all of its right, title and interest in and to
the Collateral, wherever located, whether now owned or hereafter
acquired or arising, and all proceeds and products thereof.
2.2
Security for Debtor’s Obligations . This
Agreement and the Collateral secure the full and prompt payment, at
any time and from time to time as and when due (whether at the
stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), of all of the
Obligations of the Debtor.
2.3
Security Interests Absolute . All rights of the
Secured Parties and security interests hereunder, and all
obligations of the Debtor hereunder, shall be absolute and
unconditional and, without limiting the generality of the
foregoing, shall not be released, discharged or otherwise affected
by:
(a)
any extension, renewal, settlement, compromise, waiver or release
in respect of any Obligation, the Option and Put Agreement or any
other document evidencing or securing such Obligation, by operation
of law or otherwise;
(b)
any modification, amendment or supplement to the Option and Put
Agreement or any other document evidencing or securing any
Obligation;
(c)
any release, non-perfection or invalidity of any direct or indirect
security for any Obligation;
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(d)
any insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization or other similar
proceeding affecting the Debtor or its assets or any resulting
disallowance, release or discharge of all or any portion of the
Obligations;
(e)
the existence of any claim, set-off or other right which the
Secured Parties may have at any time against the Debtor or any
other Person, whether in connection herewith or any unrelated
transactions; provided , that nothing herein shall prevent
the assertion of any such claim by separate suit or compulsory
counterclaim;
(f)
any invalidity or unenforceability relating to or against the
Debtor for any reason of any Obligation, or any provision of
applicable law or regulation purporting to prohibit the payment by
the Debtor of the Obligations;
(g)
any failure by the Secured Parties (A) to file or enforce a
claim against the Debtor (in a bankruptcy or other proceeding),
(B) to give notice of the existence, creation or incurrence by
the Debtor of any new or additional indebtedness or obligation
under or with respect to the Obligations, (C) to commence any
action against the Debtor or (D) to proceed with due diligence
in the collection, protection or realization upon any collateral
securing the Obligations; or
(h)
any other act or omission to act or delay of any kind by the
Secured Parties or the Debtor or any other corporation or Person or
any other circumstance whatsoever which might, but for the
provisions of this clause, constitute a legal or equitable
discharge of the Debtor’s obligations hereunder.
ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES
Debtor hereby represents and warrants as
follows:
3.1
Ownership of Collateral . The Debtor owns, or has
valid rights as a lessee or licensee with respect to, all
Collateral purported to be pledged by it hereunder, free and clear
of any Liens except for Permitted Liens. No mortgage,
security agreement, financing statement or other public notice with
respect to all or any part of the Collateral is on file or of
record in any government or public office, and the Debtor has not
filed or consented to the filing of any such mortgage, agreement,
statement or notice, except (i) Uniform Commercial Code
financing statements naming the Secured Parties as Secured Parties
and (ii) Liens in favor of ED pursuant to the Royalty Security
Agreement.
3.2
Security Interests; Filings . This Agreement, together
with (i) the filing of duly completed and executed Uniform
Commercial Code financing statements naming the Debtor as debtor,
the Secured Parties as secured parties, and describing the
Collateral, in the jurisdictions set forth with respect to the
Debtor on Schedule I hereto (which filing is hereby
authorized by the Debtor) and (ii) to the extent required by
applicable law, the filing of duly completed and executed
assignments in the forms required by the U.S. Copyright Office or
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, creates, and at all times
shall constitute, a valid and perfected security interest
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in
and Lien upon the Collateral in favor of the Secured Parties, to
the extent a security interest and Lien therein can be perfected by
such filings, recordings or possession, as applicable, superior and
prior to the rights of all other Persons therein except for
Permitted Liens.
3.3
Locations . Schedule I lists as to the Debtor,
(i) its exact legal name, (ii) the jurisdiction of its
incorporation or organization, its federal tax identification
number, and (if applicable) its organizational identification
number, (iii) the addresses of its chief executive office and
each other place of business and (iv) the address of each
location at which any of the Collateral Inventory or Collateral
Equipment is kept, except for any new locations established in
accordance with the provisions of Section 4.2 .
The Debtor does not presently conduct business under any prior or
other corporate or company name or under any trade or fictitious
names, except as indicated beneath its name on Schedule I ,
and the Debtor has not entered into any contract or granted any
Lien within the past five (5) years under any name other than
its legal corporate name or a trade or fictitious name indicated on
Schedule I .
3.4
No Violations . The signing, delivery and performance
of this Agreement by the Debtor is not prohibited or limited by,
and will not result in the breach of or a default under, any
provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other
formation documents of the Debtor, any material agreement or
instrument binding on the Debtor or any Legal Requirement
applicable to the Debtor, except for such prohibitions,
limitations, defaults or Legal Requirements as would not prevent or
impair consummation by the Debtor of the transactions contemplated
hereby, the performance by the Debtor of its obligations hereunder
or the exercise of the Secured Parties of their rights
hereunder. The execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement by the Debtor, the Debtor’s compliance with the
terms and provisions hereof and the Secured Parties’ exercise
of any of their rights hereunder, do not and will not conflict with
or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of or
constitute a default or create a termination right under, with or
without the passage of time and the giving of notice, any material
contract or other instrument or obligation binding or affecting the
Debtor, the Royalty Products or the Collateral including, without
limitation, that certain agreement dated December 28, 2000
between Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. and the Debtor (the “
Tanabe Agreement ”), except as set forth in that
certain disclosure letter of even date herewith delivered by the
Debtor to ED pursuant to Section 7 of the Royalty
Agreement.
3.5
No Restrictions . There are no statutory or regulatory
restrictions, prohibitions or limitations on the Debtor’s
ability to grant to the Secured Parties a Lien upon and security
interest in the Collateral pursuant to this Agreement or (except
for the provisions of the federal Anti-Assignment Act (41 U.S.C.
15), as amended and the Anti-Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3727), as
amended) on the exercise by the Secured Parties of their rights and
remedies hereunder (including any foreclosure upon or collection of
the Collateral), and there are no contractual restrictions on the
Debtor’s ability to grant such Lien and security
interest.
3.6
Accounts . Each Collateral Account is, or at the time
it arises will be, (i) a bona fide, valid and legally
enforceable indebtedness of the account debtor according to its
terms, arising out of or in connection with the sale, lease or
performance of goods or services by the Debtor or any of them,
(ii) subject to no offsets, discounts, counterclaims, contra
accounts or any other defense of any kind and character, other than
warranties and discounts customarily given by the Debtor in the
ordinary course of business and warranties provided by applicable
law,
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(iii) to the extent listed on any schedule
of Collateral Accounts at any time furnished to the Secured
Parties, a true and correct statement of the amount actually and
unconditionally owing thereunder, maturing as stated in such
schedule and in the invoice covering the transaction creating such
Collateral Account, and (iv) not evidenced by any other
instrument; or if so, such other instrument (other than invoices
and related correspondence and supporting documentation) shall
promptly be duly endorsed to the order of the Secured Parties and
delivered to the Secured Parties to be held as Collateral
hereunder. To the knowledge of the Debtor, there are no
facts, events or occurrences that would in any way impair the
validity or enforcement of any Collateral Accounts except as set
forth above.
ARTICLE 4
COVENANTS
The
Debtor agrees that so long as any Obligation remains
unpaid:
4.1
Use and Disposition of Collateral . So long as no
Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Debtor
may, in any lawful manner not inconsistent with the provisions of
this Agreement, use, control and manage the Collateral in the
operation of its business, and receive and use the income, revenue
and profits arising therefrom and the proceeds thereof, in the same
manner and with the same effect as if this Agreement had not been
made; provided , however , that the Debtor will not
sell or otherwise dispose of (other than sales of Royalty Products
in the ordinary course of the Debtor’s business), grant any
option with respect to or grant any Lien with respect to or
otherwise encumber any of the Collateral or any interest therein,
except for Permitted Liens, except as may be otherwise expressly
permitted in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (including
any applicable provisions therein regarding delivery of proceeds of
sale or disposition to the Secured Parties) or except in connection
with a permitted assignment under Section 10.7 of the
Option and Put Agreement.
4.2
Change of Name, Locations, etc . The Debtor will not
(i) change its name, identity or corporate structure,
(ii) change its chief executive office from the location
thereof listed on Schedule I , (iii) change the
jurisdiction of its incorporation or organizatio
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