AMENDED AND RESTATED
BUSINESS AND ROYALTY AGREEMENT
This Amended
and Restated Business and Royalty Agreement (this
“Agreement”) is made and entered into as of the
19 th day of September, 2011, by and between Global
Energy, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws
of the State of Nevada (“Global”), and Covanta Energy
Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of
the State of Delaware (“Covanta”).
WHEREAS, Global and Covanta entered into a
Business and Royalty Agreement dated as of February 6, 2008 (as the
same has been amended through the date hereof, the “Original
Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, Global and Covanta want to amend and
restate the Original Agreement to incorporate various modifications
and clarifications;
NOW, THEREFORE,
in light of the mutual premises set forth herein and other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and the sufficiency of which
are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be
legally bound hereby, agree as follows.
ARTICLE 1 – DEFINITIONS AND
INTERPRETATION
Section
1.1
Capitalized Terms . Unless otherwise specified
herein, the following capitalized terms shall have the following
meanings:
“
Affiliate ” means, in relation to any Person, any
other Person that controls, is controlled by, or is in common
control with, such Person. For the purpose of this
definition, control means the direct or indirect control of fifty
percent (50%) or more of the voting rights in such Person or the
power to direct the management or policies of such Person, whether
by operation of law, by contract or otherwise. Except as
shall otherwise be expressly provided in this Agreement, and for
the avoidance of any doubt, as of the Effective Date, (i) Licensor
and AK are Affiliates and (ii) Licensor and Global are Affiliates,
but AK and Global are not Affiliates.
“
Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the first
paragraph hereof.
“
AK ” means AlphaKat GmbH, a company organized and
existing under the laws of Germany, and its successors and
permitted assigns.
“ American ” means American
Renewable Diesel, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and
its successors and assigns.
“ Approved Supplier ” means
any Person securing rights from AlphaKat to make or have made
Systems and Parts and/or to sell Systems and Parts.
“ Approved Supplier Purchase Order
” means any purchase order to sell one or more Systems
entered into by and between an Approved Supplier (other than
Covanta or an Affiliate of Covanta), as the seller, and any Person
as the purchaser.
“ Assumptions ” has the
meaning set forth in Section 5.3.
“ Base Price ” means the
price being charged for the purchase of a System pursuant to a
Covanta Purchase Order which shall include Covanta’s direct
costs, indirect costs, applied overhead, manufacturer’s
profit and the cost of providing a one-year warranty, but shall not
include, for the avoidance of doubt, (i) the amount of (a) the
Commissions payable by Covanta to Licensor and American under the
License Agreement and (b) the Supplemental Commissions payable to
Global hereunder, (ii) the royalties payable by Covanta to AK
pursuant to the Manufacturing Agreement, (iii) any sales taxes, use
taxes, value added taxes or any other type of taxes whatsoever,
(iv) any import duties or other similar charges or fees on the
importation or delivery of equipment, (v) fees separately charged
to provide an extended warranty on, or perform operation and
maintenance services for, the Systems being sold and (vi) any other
types of charges not typically included in the sale price of a
product.
“ Carried Interest ” has the
meaning set forth in Section 2.2(c).
“ Code ” means the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986.
“ Commission ” means the
commissions which are payable by Covanta to Licensor and American
pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement in connection with
the purchase of Systems under a Licensor Purchase Order or a
Covanta Purchase Order.
“ Competitor ” means a
Competitor of Covanta or a Competitor of Global, as the context
requires, it being agreed for all purposes of this Agreement that
none of (i) Global and its Affiliates, (ii) Covanta and its
Affiliates or (iii) Renewable and its Affiliates shall be treated
as Competitors.
“
Competitor of Covanta ” means a Person, directly or
through Affiliates, engaged primarily in the business of (i) waste
disposal, including the energy from waste business and/or (ii) the
processing or conversion, or the selling of equipment or
development of technology for the processing or conversion, of
waste or organic feedstock(s) containing hydrocarbon materials,
including Feedstock, into diesel fuel.
“
Competitor of Global ” means a Person, directly or
through Affiliates, engaged primarily in the business of the
processing or conversion, or the selling equipment or development
of technology for the processing or conversion, of waste or organic
feedstock(s) containing hydrocarbon materials, including Feedstock,
into diesel fuel.
“
Conversion Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section
2.2(b).
“
Conversion Notice ” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.2(b).
“
Conversion Option ” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.2.
“
Conversion Period ” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.2(a).
“ Covanta ” has the meaning
set forth in the first paragraph hereof and includes its successors
and permitted assigns.
“
Covanta Purchase Order ” means any purchase order to
sell one or more Systems entered into by and between any Person
(including Covanta or any Affiliate of Covanta) as the purchaser
and Covanta, any Affiliate of Covanta or any supplier to Covanta or
any Affiliate of Covanta, as the seller.
“ Covanta Rights ” has the
meaning set forth in Section 2.1.
“
Default ” has the meaning set forth in Section
7.1.
“
Demonstration Plant ” has the meaning set forth in the
License Agreement.
“
Development Costs ” means all the third party costs
that are incurred by Covanta in connection with the development of
a Project, including (i) costs for service providers that are not
employees of Covanta, including engineers, attorneys and
consultants, (ii) the cost for acquiring land rights, easements and
other similar items, (iii) the travel expenses of the employees of
Covanta working on such Project and (iv) amounts paid to feedstock
suppliers and fuel off-takers to secure contracts required for the
Project.
“
Development Fees ” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.2(d).
“
Diesel Royalty ” has the meaning set forth in Section
5.1.
“
Dispute ” has the meaning set forth in Section
9.1.
“ DP
Site ” means the site on which the Demonstration Plant is
installed.
“ DP
System ” means the System purchased by Covanta for the
Demonstration Plant.
“
Effective Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section
6.1.
“
Extended Period ” has the meaning set forth in the
License Agreement.
“ Feedstock ” means any
material capable of being processed by the Technology.
“ Fuel Royalty ” has the
meaning set forth in Section 5.1.
“
Global ” means Global Energy, Inc., a Nevada
corporation.
“
Governmental Organization ” has the meaning set forth
in the License Agreement.
“ ICC ” means the
International Chamber of Commerce.
“ ICC Rules ” has the meaning
set forth in Section 9.1(c).
“ Improvements ” means all
the techniques, enhancements, modifications, changes, experience,
methods, information, data or knowledge that will be created or
acquired in the future relating to the Technology and/or the
manufacturing of the Systems and Parts (whether or not patentable,
useful or workable) through the implementation, development,
re-design, testing, operation, maintenance, monitoring, control,
modeling, fabrication and improvement of the Technology and/or the
manufacturing of the Systems and Parts and/or the operation of
Systems.
“
Initial Period ” has the meaning set forth in the
License Agreement.
“
Interim Period ” has the meaning set forth in the
License Agreement.
“ KDV 500 ” means a System
capable of producing a minimum of 500 liters of diesel oil per
hour.
“
License Agreement ” means the License Agreement
entered into by Covanta and Licensor dated as of February 6, 2008,
as amended by the First Amendment to License Agreement dated as of
July 8, 2008 and the Second Amendment to License Agreement dated as
of November 23, 2010, a copy of each of which has been provided to
Global.
“
Licensor ” means AlphaKat - Global Energy GmbH, a
company organized and existing under the laws of Germany, and its
successors and permitted assigns.
“
Licensor Purchase Order ” means any purchase order to
sell one or more Systems entered into by and between Covanta or any
Affiliate of Covanta as the purchaser and Licensor or AK as the
seller.
“ LLCA ” has the meaning set
forth in Section 2.3(f).
“ Manufacturing Agreement ”
means the License and Manufacturing Agreement dated March 11, 2010,
entered into by and between AK and Covanta.
“
Members ” has the meaning set forth in Exhibit 1
attached hereto.
“ Net
Cash Flow ” has the meaning set forth in Section
2.2(c).
“ Net
Financing Proceeds ” means the gross amount actually
received by a Project Company from a financing or refinancing of a
Project less (i) the fees and other amounts paid to the lender(s)
providing such financing, (ii) all amounts to be used to fund
capital improvements or other costs for which such financing was
secured, (iii) the debt service, maintenance and all other reserves
required by the lender(s) providing such financing and (iv) the
amount required to repay any Working Capital Loans.
“
Parties ” means Global and Covanta.
“
Party ” means Global or Covanta, as the case may
be.
“
Parts ” means any subsystem, component, item of
equipment (including the KDV Turbine), part, spare part and any
other items which are used in the operation of the
System.
“
Person ” means any natural person, corporation,
company, partnership, business trust, governmental authority or
other entity.
“
Project ” means any project constructed during the
term of this Agreement (other than the Demonstration Plant) to
convert Feedstock to diesel using the Technology (i) for use in
Territory A or Territory B which is initiated, developed and owned
(in whole or in part) by Covanta or a Covanta Affiliate or (ii) for
use in Territory A which is owned by a Governmental Organization
where and for so long as the System(s) which comprise the project
are being operated by Covanta. For the avoidance of any
doubt, a project which is identified by Covanta, is developed by
Renewable or by any other Person on behalf of Covanta and is owned
(in whole or in part) by Covanta or a Covanta Affiliate shall be a
Project for all purposes of this Agreement, including the payment
of a Fuel Royalty.
“
Project Company ” has the meaning set forth in Section
2.3(f).
“ Purchase Order ” has the
meaning set forth in the License Agreement.
“ Reference Rate ” means a
rate per annum which is equal to the lesser of (a) two percent (2%)
above the interest rate (sometimes referred to as the “base
rate”) for large commercial loans to creditworthy entities
announced from time to time by Citibank, N.A. (New York), or its
successor bank, or, if such rate is not announced, the rate
published in The Wall Street Journal as the “prime
rate” from time to time (or, if more than one rate is
published, the arithmetic mean of such rates), in either case
determined as of the date the obligation to pay interest arises,
and (b) the maximum rate that can be charged under law.
“
Renewable ” means Renewable Diesel, LLC, a limited
liability company formed under the laws of Delaware, and its
successors and assigns.
“ RIN
Credits ” means the amounts paid for any Renewable
Identification Number (RIN) credits generated and sold by a Project
to any Person in accordance with applicable requirements under the
United States Environmental Protection Agency Renewable Fuels
Standard regulations.
“ RIN
Credits Royalty ” has the meaning set forth in Section
5.1.
“ System ” means any system
of components (consisting primarily of the required KDV Turbines,
the feed preparation system, the ash handling system, any system
control hardware and software, structural steel, piping and
electrical wiring), including all Parts, whether it is in existence
today or developed hereafter by AK, Covanta or any other Person,
and any future system of components to convert Feedstock into
diesel oil using the Technology.
“
Technology ” has the meaning set forth in the License
Agreement.
“
Territory A ” means the United States.
“
Territory B ” means China, the United Kingdom, the
Republic of Ireland and Canada.
“
Working Capital Loans ” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.2(i).
Section
1.2
Interpretations . In this Agreement, unless
otherwise indicated or required by the context:
(a) Reference
to and the definition of any document (including this Agreement) or
any applicable law shall be deemed a reference to such document or
applicable law as it may be amended, supplemented, revised or
modified from time to time;
(b) All
references to an “Article,” “Section” or
“Exhibit” are to an Article or Section hereof or to an
Exhibit attached hereto;
(c) Article
and Section headings and other captions are for the purpose of
reference only and do not limit or affect the meaning of the terms
and provisions hereof;
(d) Defined
terms in the singular include the plural and vice versa, and the
masculine, feminine and neuter gender include all
genders;
(e) The
words “hereof,” “herein” and
“hereunder” and words of similar import refer to this
Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this
Agreement;
(f)
The words “include,” “includes”
and “including” mean include, includes, and including
“without limitation” and “without limitation by
specification;”
(g) The
phrase “exclusive right(s)” as used herein is intended
to have the same meaning as the term “Full Right(s)” as
used and defined in the License Agreement and the phrase
“non-exclusive right(s)” as used herein is intended to
have the same meaning as the term “Qualified Right(s)”
as used and defined in the License Agreement;
(h) All
the references herein to the terms “diesel,”
“diesel oil” or “diesel fuel” or any
similar term shall include kerosene, jet fuel and any other fuel
that Feedstock can be converted into using the Technology;
and
(i)
All references to Covanta in its capacity as a manufacturer of
Systems shall include any Affiliate of Covanta, any Person (that is
not an Affiliate of Covanta) that is manufacturing Systems in which
Covanta or an Affiliate of Covanta has an ownership interest and
any contractor or supplier manufacturing systems under an agreement
with Covanta or any Affiliate of Covanta.
ARTICLE 2 – RELATIONSHIP
AND RIGHTS OF THE PARTIES
Section
2.1
Rights of Covanta . Subject to the terms of this
Agreement, and intending to be consistent with the terms and
conditions of the License Agreement, during the Interim Period, the
Initial Period and the Extended Period, Global hereby grants the
following rights to Covanta to the extent now or hereafter held by
Global during the term of this Agreement (the “Covanta
Rights”): (i) the exclusive right to market, offer
for sale and sell Systems for use in Territory A, the exclusive
right to market, offer for sale and sell Systems to Governmental
Organizations for use outside Territory A and the right to sell
Systems to Global or any of its Affiliates for projects outside of
the Territory owned by Global, any of its Affiliates or any entity
in which Global or any of its Affiliates holds an ownership
interest; (ii) the exclusive right to use, practice and make
improvements to the Technology (including the Systems and Parts) in
Territory A (subject to the rights granted to Renewable by Covanta
to develop projects in Territory A); (iii) the non-exclusive right
in Territory B to use, practice and make Improvements to the
Technology (including the Systems and Parts) in connection with
Projects using Feedstock; and (iv) the right to manufacture or have
manufactured and sell Systems as contemplated by the terms of the
Manufacturing Agreement. Global expressly agrees that it
shall not do anything in connection with the Technology, during the
term of the License Agreement or the term of the Manufacturing
Agreement, as the case may be, which is inconsistent with (i) any
of the exclusive rights granted by Licensor to Covanta as part of
the Covanta Rights pursuant to the License Agreement regardless of
whether such rights have been or will be granted to Global by
Licensor or (ii) the manufacturing rights granted by AK to Covanta
pursuant to the Manufacturing Agreement regardless of whether such
rights have been or will be granted to Global by AK. For
the avoidance of doubt, Covanta shall be entitled to exercise any
or all of the license rights and manufacturing rights granted to it
in the Technology itself or through any of its Affiliates,
but Covanta shall not have the right to issue sublicenses to
any Person other than an Affiliate or American, Global or their
respective Affiliates.
Section
2.2
Conversion Option . Covanta grants to Global an
option (the “Conversion Option”) to convert its right
to receive Fuel Royalties in all Projects which are developed after
the Conversion Date to a Carried Interest in all such Projects,
subject to the further provisions and procedures of this Section
2.2. For the sake of convenience and simplicity, unless the Parties
otherwise agree with respect to one or more Projects, whether a
Project has been developed following the Conversion Date shall
depend on whether the Project Company that is intended to own such
Project has been formed prior to the Conversion Date. If
a Project Company is formed prior to the Conversion Date, then the
Carried Interest shall not apply to such Project Company unless the
Parties otherwise agree. If a Project Company is formed
after the Conversion Date, the Carried Interest shall apply to such
Project Company even if the Project which is to be owned by such
Project Company has been under development for a period of time
prior to the Conversion Date.
(a)
Time to Exercise Conversion Option . Global shall
be entitled to exercise the Conversion Option at any time during
the period (the “Conversion Period”) beginning on the
first day of the Initial Period (as such term is defined in the
License Agreement) and ending on the fifth anniversary of such
date. For the avoidance of doubt, if Global does not
exercise the Conversion Option during the Conversion Period, it
shall no longer have the right to exercise the Conversion
Option.
(b)
Manner of Exercising Conversion Option . If
Global elects to exercise the Conversion Option at any time prior
to the end of the Conversion Period, it shall provide a written
notice to Covanta (the “Conversion Notice”) that it is
exercising the Conversion Option. The Conversion Notice
shall set forth the date (the “Conversion Date”) on
which the Conversion Option is to take effect, such date to be not
less than sixty (60) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120)
days following the date of the Conversion Notice.
(c)
Carried Interest; Net Cash Flow . If Global exercises the
Conversion Right, Global shall be given a non-voting membership
interest (the “Carried Interest”) in each of the
Project Companies formed after the Conversion Date entitling Global
to ten percent (10%) of the distributions of the Net Cash Flow of
each such Project Company and the other rights of ownership as
provided for herein. The term “Net Cash
Flow” shall mean for any calendar quarter (or for such other
period as is provided below or as otherwise agreed to by the
Parties in a LLCA) (i) the gross cash revenues from the operation
of the Project plus Net Financing Proceeds plus the proceeds of any
sale or other disposition of all or a substantial portion of the
Project less (ii) all costs of operating, maintaining and improving
the Project (including development design and construction costs
relating to any such improvements) and all amounts payable to a
lender other than Covanta (or any Affiliate of Covanta) for debt
service, fees or other obligations under the loan agreements with
such lender less (iii) for the working capital requirements of the
Project Company, reasonable cash reserves that are required under
any loan agreements, any funds that are required for improvements
that are planned or for overhaul reserves. If Covanta
makes any Working Capital Loans to a Project Company, until such
Working Capital Loans have been repaid in full, eighty percent
(80%) of the Net Cash Flow that is otherwise available for
distribution to the Members shall be used to repay such Working
Capital Loans prior to making any such distributions to the
Members. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to
the contrary, Covanta shall have the right to treat all the
distributions to Global (or any of its Affiliate) in respect of the
Carried Interest as “guaranteed payments” pursuant to
Section 707(c) of the Code. If a Project Company closes
a financing or any refinancing or if it receives proceeds from the
sale or other disposition of all or a substantial portion of the
Project or its assets, the Net Cash Flow available at the end of
the month in which such financing, refinancing or sale or other
disposition occurs shall first be distributed to each of the
Members with a positive capital account (pro rata in accordance
with their capital accounts) until all such capital accounts have
been reduced to zero prior to making any other distributions to all
Members pro rata in accordance with their membership
interests.
(d)
Recovery of Development Costs; Payment of Development Fees
. Global recognizes that Covanta, in connection with
each of the Projects in which Global may have a Carried Interest,
will be incurring Development Costs and the burdened costs for its
own personnel that are working on the development of such
Projects. To minimize the difficulties associated with
the tracking of such burdened costs, the Parties agree that Covanta
shall be entitled to receive a development fee (the
“Development Fee”) equal to One Hundred Thousand
Dollars ($100,000) for each KDV 500 which is installed as part of a
Project (such amount to be increased or decreased, as the case may
be, if the Project uses a System other than a KDV 500 in proportion
to the increased or decreased diesel output of the System which is
installed), but in no event shall the Development Fee for a Project
exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000). Covanta shall
be reimbursed for all the Development Costs for each Project and
paid the Development Fee for such Project from one hundred percent
(100%) of the Net Cash Flow of the Project until Covanta is paid in
full. Notwithstanding the fact that the Development
Costs may have to be capitalized as part of the basis of the
Project, the intention of the Parties is to allow such Development
Costs to be recovered by Covanta from the Net Cash Flow of the
Project on a priority basis as compared to the payment of
distributions of Net Cash Flow to the Members (including Global)
pro rata in accordance with their membership
interests. Following the Conversion Date, Covanta shall
provide Global, for each of the Projects as to which the Carried
Interest applies, with a schedule of all of the Development Costs,
the applicable Development Fee and the total Project cost within
sixty (60) days after such Project has achieved commercial
operation.
(e)
Operation and Maintenance of Projects by Covanta
. Global acknowledges that Covanta will likely be
operating and maintaining all of the Projects in which Global may
be entitled to a Carried Interest. Following the Conversion Date,
Covanta shall, if an operations and maintenance agreement (the
“OMA”) has not already been put in place by Covanta (or
a Covanta Affiliate) and a Project Company as to which the Carried
Interest applies, put the OMA in place for such Project with such
Project Company. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, for
the first five (5) years following the Conversion Date, the OMA for
each Project shall be based on a standard “cost plus”
structure and provide a fixed annual fee of Four Hundred Thousand
($400,000) as of January 1, 2008 (such amount to be adjusted each
year by the increase in the Consumer Price Index published by the
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U for All
Urban Consumers, US City Average (Table 1)). Prior to
the end of the five (5) year period, the Parties will review the
amount of the fee and whether different fixed fees should be
charged for Projects with different numbers of
Systems. Under the OMA, Covanta or its Affiliate shall
be reimbursed for all direct costs of operating the Project and for
the burdened costs of the operators and all supervisory personnel
dedicated to the operation of the applicable Project.
(f)
Negotiation and Execution of LLCA . Unless the
Parties agree otherwise, each Project as to which the Carried
Interest applies shall be owned by a separate limited liability
company (each, a “Project Company”) formed to own and
operate such Project. The members of each such Project
Company shall enter into a limited liability company agreement (the
“LLCA”). Following the Conversion Date, the
Parties shall negotiate the LLCA for each applicable Project
Company, in good faith, based on a standard form of LLCA to be
agreed to by the Parties, it being agreed that each Project will
have its own unique requirements that will have to be addressed in
the LLCA for the applicable Project Company. Within
sixty (60) days following the Conversion Date, Covanta shall
provide a proposed form of LLCA based on the relevant provisions of
this Agreement and the terms set forth in Exhibit 1 attached
hereto. During the sixty (60) day period following the
delivery of the initial draft of the LLCA, the Parties shall
negotiate the standard form of LLCA to be used as the model for the
future LLCAs to be entered into by the Parties. Once the
Parties have finalized the standard form of LLCA, the Parties shall
execute a document confirming that such document is the standard
form of LLCA and it shall replace Exhibit 1. If the
Parties agree to extend the Carried Interest to any of the Project
Companies that were formed prior to the Conversion Date, the
Parties shall amend and restate the LLCA for each such Project
Company to become effective on the first day of the first full
month after the Conversion Date to reflect the Carried
Interest. The Parties shall negotiate each such amended
and restated LLCA in good faith, consistent with the terms and
provisions hereof.
(g)
Sale of Interest in Projects . Global will be
entitled to sell its entire Carried Interest in any Project Company
but not a portion of such interest. If Global wants to
sell any such Carried Interest after the Conversion Date, it shall
first be required to offer to sell the Carried Interest to Covanta
pursuant to a written notice (the
“ROFO”). Any such sale shall be subject to
the restrictions and all other conditions as set forth in the LLCA
for the Project Company. The LLCA shall provide for any
such sale to be in accordance with a formula price or appraisal
process, as the Parties shall determine when the standard form of
LLCA is negotiated. If Covanta does not agree to
purchase the Carried Interest within the applicable period of time
as provided for in the LLCA, Global shall be entitled to sell the
Carried Interest to any Person other than a Covanta Competitor
during the ninety (90) day period following the decision (or deemed
decision) of Covanta not to purchase the Carried
Interest. If Global does not sell the Carried Interest
during such ninety (90) day period, then the ROFO shall once again
apply to the sale of the Carried Interest.
(h)
Financing of Projects . Global acknowledges that
Covanta does not intend to secure debt financing for all Projects,
particularly in the case of the initial Projects that it develops,
and that Covanta may elect to build multiple Projects on an all
equity basis and later seek to secure a take-out financing for such
Projects some time after the Projects have achieved commercial
operation. The decision to finance each Project and the
terms of such financing shall be made in the sole discretion of
Covanta.
(i)
Working Capital Loans . Global
acknowledges that each Project Company may require additional
funding from time to time for working capital requirements and/or
for the funding of capital improvements. Covanta shall
have the right to fund any or all such requirements with a loan
(each, a “Working Capital Loan”) which shall bear
interest at the Reference Rate so Covanta can recover such funds on
a priority basis as provided for in Section 2.2(c).
Section
2.3
EPA Registration . Covanta will use commercially
reasonable efforts during the term hereof to register the diesel
oil produced by the Demonstration Plant as a motor fuel with the
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Covanta
shall take the lead with respect to the necessary activities for
securing such registration, including preparing and submitting
applications to the United States Environmental Protection Agency,
and Global shall reasonably cooperate with such efforts to be
undertaken by Covanta.