Exhibit 4.1

PURCHASE AGREEMENT

        THIS PURCHASE AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is made as of the 6th day of July, 2005 by and among Tegal Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the Investors set forth on the signature pages affixed hereto (each an “Investor” and collectively the “Investors”).

Recitals

    A.        The Company and the Investors are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by the provisions of Regulation D (“Regulation D”), as promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and

    B.        The Investors wish to purchase from the Company, and the Company wishes to sell and issue to the Investors, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, (i) an aggregate of 34,615,385 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (together with any securities into which such shares may be reclassified the “Common Stock”), at purchase price of $0.65 per share, and (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 17,307,692 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment) at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (subject to adjustment) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Warrants”); and

    C.        Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (i) 6,300,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Initial Shares”) and Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,150,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment) (the “Initial Warrants” and, collectively with the Initial Shares, the “Initial Securities”) will be issued and sold to the Investors on the First Closing Date (as defined below) for an aggregate purchase price of $4,095,000 (the “Initial Purchase Price”).

    D.        Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (i) 28,315,385 shares of Common Stock (the “Remaining Shares”) and Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,157,692 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment) (the “Remaining Warrants” and, collectively with the Remaining Shares, the “Remaining Securities”) will be issued and sold to the Investors on the Second Closing Date (as defined below) for an aggregate purchase price of $18,405,000 (the “Remaining Purchase Price”).

    E.        Contemporaneous with the sale of the Initial Shares and the Initial Warrants, the parties hereto will execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company will agree to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws.

        In consideration of the mutual promises made herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

    1.    Definitions . In addition to those terms defined above and elsewhere in this Agreement, for the purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

        “ Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person which directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries Controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.

        “ Business Day ” means a day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, on which banks in New York City are open for the general transaction of business.

        “ Company’s Knowledge ” means the actual knowledge of the executive officers (as defined in Rule 405 under the 1933 Act) of the Company, after due inquiry.

        “ Confidential Information ” means trade secrets, confidential information and know-how (including but not limited to ideas, formulae, compositions, processes, procedures and techniques, research and development information, computer program code, performance specifications, support documentation, drawings, specifications, designs, business and marketing plans, and customer and supplier lists and related information).

        “ Control ” (including the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” or “under common control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

        “ Effective Date ” means the date on which the initial Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC.

        “ Effectiveness Deadline ” means the date on which the initial Registration Statement is required to be declared effective by the SEC under the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement.

        “ Initial Warrant Shares ” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Initial Warrants.

        “ Intellectual Property ” means all of the following: (i) patents, patent applications, patent disclosures and inventions (whether or not patentable and whether or not reduced to practice); (ii) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, trade names, corporate names, logos, slogans and Internet domain names, together with all goodwill associated with each of the foregoing; (iii) copyrights and copyrightable works; (iv) registrations, applications and renewals for any of the foregoing; and (iv) proprietary computer software (including but not limited to data, data bases and documentation).

        “ Material Adverse Effect ” means a material adverse effect on (i) the assets, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise), business, or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole (excluding any reduction in the trading price of the Common Stock occurring as a result of the announcement or consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby), or (ii) the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents.

        “ Nasdaq ” means The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.

        “ Permitted Liens ” means (i) mechanics’, carriers’, or workmen’s, repairmen’s or similar liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business, (ii) liens for taxes, assessments and other governmental charges that are not due and payable or which may hereafter be paid without penalty or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and (iii) other imperfections of title or encumbrances, if any, that do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially impair the use or value of the property to which they relate.

        “ Person ” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, business trust, association, joint stock company, joint venture, sole proprietorship, unincorporated organization, governmental authority or any other form of entity not specifically listed herein.

        “ Proposal ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.9.

        “ SEC Filings ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6.

        “ Registration Statement ” has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

        “ Remaining Warrant Shares ” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Remaining Warrants.

        “ Securities ” means the Initial Securities and the Remaining Securities.

        “ Subsidiary ” of any Person means another Person, an amount of the voting securities, other voting ownership or voting partnership interests of which is sufficient to elect at least a majority of its Board of Directors or other governing body (or, if there are no such voting interests, 50% or more of the equity interests of which) is owned directly or indirectly by such first Person.

        “ Transaction Documents ” means this Agreement, the Warrants and the Registration Rights Agreement.

        “ Warrant Shares ” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants.

        “ 1933 Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

        “ 1934 Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

    2.    Purchase and Sale of the Shares and Warrants .

    (a)        Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on the First Closing Date, each of the Investors shall severally, and not jointly, purchase, and the Company shall sell and issue to the Investors, the Initial Shares and the Initial Warrants in the respective amounts set forth opposite the Investors’ names on the signature pages attached hereto in exchange for the Initial Purchase Price as specified in Section 3(a) below.

    (b)        Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on the Second Closing Date, each of the Investors shall severally, and not jointly, purchase, and the Company shall sell and issue to the Investors, the Remaining Shares and the Remaining Warrants in the respective amounts set forth opposite the Investors’ names on the signature pages attached hereto in exchange for the Remaining Purchase Price as specified in Section 3(b) below.

    3.    Closing .

    (a)        Upon confirmation that the other conditions to the First Closing specified herein have been satisfied or duly waived by the Investors, the Company shall deliver to Lowenstein Sandler PC, in trust, a certificate or certificates, registered in such name or names as the Investors may designate, representing the Initial Shares and the Initial Warrants, with instructions that such certificates are to be held for release to the Investors only upon payment in full of the Initial Purchase Price to the Company by all the Investors. Upon such receipt by Lowenstein Sandler PC of the certificates, each Investor shall promptly, but no more than one Business Day thereafter, cause a wire transfer in same day funds to be sent to the account of the Company as instructed in writing by the Company, in an amount representing such Investor’s pro rata portion of the Initial Purchase Price as set forth on the signature pages to this Agreement. On the date (the “First Closing Date”) the Company receives the Initial Purchase Price, the certificates evidencing the Initial Shares and the Initial Warrants shall be released to the Investors (the “First Closing”). The First Closing shall take place at the offices of Lowenstein Sandler PC, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10020, or at such other location and on such other date as the Company and the Investors shall mutually agree.

    (b)        Upon confirmation that the other conditions to the Second Closing specified herein have been satisfied or duly waived by the Investors, the Company shall deliver to Lowenstein Sandler PC, in trust, a certificate or certificates, registered in such name or names as the Investors may designate, representing the Remaining Shares and the Remaining Warrants, with instructions that such certificates are to be held for release to the Investors only upon payment in full of the Remaining Purchase Price to the Company by all the Investors. Upon such receipt by Lowenstein Sandler PC of the certificates, each Investor shall promptly, but no more than one Business Day thereafter, cause a wire transfer in same day funds to be sent to the account of the Company as instructed in writing by the Company, in an amount representing such Investor’s pro rata portion of the Remaining Purchase Price as set forth on the signature pages to this Agreement. On the date (the “Second Closing Date”) the Company receives the Second Purchase Price, the certificates evidencing the Remaining Shares and the Remaining Warrants shall be released to the Investors (the “Second Closing”). The Second Closing shall take place at the offices of Lowenstein Sandler PC, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10020, or at such other location and on such other date as the Company and the Investors shall mutually agree.

    4.    Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Investors that, except as set forth in the schedules delivered herewith (collectively, the “Disclosure Schedules”):

        4.1        Organization, Good Standing and Qualification . Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and to own its properties. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property makes such qualification or leasing necessary unless the failure to so qualify has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company’s Subsidiaries are listed on Schedule 4.1 hereto.

        4.2        Authorization . The Company has full corporate power and authority and, except for approval of the Proposal by its stockholders as contemplated in Section 7.9, has taken all requisite action on the part of the Company, its officers, directors and stockholders necessary for (i) the authorization, execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents, (ii) the authorization of the performance of all obligations of the Company hereunder or thereunder, and (iii) the authorization, issuance (or reservation for issuance) and delivery of the Securities. The Transaction Documents constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability, relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally.

        4.3        Capitalization .   Schedule 4.3 sets forth as of the date hereof (a) the authorized capital stock of the Company; (b) the number of shares of capital stock issued and outstanding; (c) the number of shares of capital stock issuable pursuant to the Company’s stock plans; and (d) the number of shares of capital stock issuable and reserved for issuance pursuant to securities (other than the Securities) exercisable for, or convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of capital stock of the Company. All of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of pre-emptive rights and were issued in full compliance with applicable state and federal securities law and any rights of third parties. Except as described on Schedule 4.3 , all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of pre-emptive rights, were issued in full compliance with applicable state and federal securities law and any rights of third parties and are owned by the Company, beneficially and of record, subject to no lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim. Except as described on Schedule 4.3 , no Person is entitled to pre-emptive or similar statutory or contractual rights with respect to any securities of the Company. Except as described on Schedule 4.3 , there are no outstanding warrants, options, convertible securities or other rights, agreements or arrangements of any character under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may be obligated to issue any equity securities of any kind and except as contemplated by this Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is currently in negotiations for the issuance of any equity securities of any kind. Except as described on Schedule 4.3 and except for the Registration Rights Agreement, there are no voting agreements, buy-sell agreements, option or right of first purchase agreements or other agreements of any kind among the Company and any of the securityholders of the Company relating to the securities of the Company held by them. Except as described on Schedule 4.3 and except as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, no Person has the right to require the Company to register any securities of the Company under the 1933 Act, whether on a demand basis or in connection with the registration of securities of the Company for its own account or for the account of any other Person.

        Except as described on Schedule 4.3 , the issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any other Person (other than the Investors) and will not result in the adjustment of the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of any outstanding security.

        Except as described on Schedule 4.3 , the Company does not have outstanding stockholder purchase rights or “poison pill” or any similar arrangement in effect giving any Person the right to purchase any equity interest in the Company upon the occurrence of certain events.

        4.4        Valid Issuance . The Shares have been duly and validly authorized and, when issued and paid for pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and shall be free and clear of all encumbrances and restrictions (other than those created by the Investors), except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents or imposed by applicable securities laws. The Warrants have been duly and validly authorized. Upon the due exercise of the Warrants, the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable free and clear of all encumbrances and restrictions, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents or imposed by applicable securities laws and except for those created by the Investors. The Company has reserved a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for issuance upon the exercise of the Warrants, free and clear of all encumbrances and restrictions, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents or imposed by applicable securities laws and except for those created by the Investors.

        4.5        Consents . Except for approval of the Proposal by its stockholders as contemplated in Section 7.9, the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents and the offer, issuance and sale of the Securities require no consent of, action by or in respect of, or filing with, any Person, governmental body, agency, or official other than filings that have been made pursuant to applicable state securities laws and post-sale filings pursuant to applicable state and federal securities laws which the Company undertakes to file within the applicable time periods. Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of each Investor set forth in Section 5 hereof, the Company has taken all action necessary to exempt (i) the issuance and sale of the Securities, (ii) the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon due exercise of the Warrants, and (iii) the other transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents from the provisions of any stockholder rights plan or other “poison pill” arrangement, any anti-takeover, business combination or control share law or statute binding on the Company or to which the Company or any of its assets and properties may be subject and any provision of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws that is or could reasonably be expected to become applicable to the Investors as a result of the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation, the issuance of the Securities and the ownership, disposition or voting of the Securities by the Investors or the exercise of any right granted to the Investors pursuant to this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents.

        4.6        Delivery of SEC Filings . The Company has made available to the Investors through the EDGAR system, true and complete copies of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 (the “10-K”), and all other reports filed by the Company pursuant to the 1934 Act since the filing of the 10-K and prior to the date hereof (collectively, the “SEC Filings”). The SEC Filings are the only filings required of the Company pursuant to the 1934 Act for such period.

        4.7        Use of Proceeds . The net proceeds of the sale of the Shares and the Warrants hereunder shall be used by the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes.

        4.8        No Material Adverse Change . Since March 31, 2004, except as identified and described in the SEC Filings or as described on Schedule 4.8, there has not been:

    (i)        any change in the consolidated assets, liabilities, financial condition or operating results of the Company from that reflected in the financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2004, except for changes in the ordinary course of business which have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, individually or in the aggregate;

    (ii)        any declaration or payment of any dividend, or any authorization or payment of any distribution, on any of the capital stock of the Company, or any redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company;

    (iii)        any material damage, destruction or loss, whether or not covered by insurance to any assets or properties of the Company or its Subsidiaries;

    (iv)        any waiver, not in the ordinary course of business, by the Company or any Subsidiary of a material right or of a material debt owed to it;

    (v)        any satisfaction or discharge of any lien, claim or encumbrance or payment of any obligation by the Company or a Subsidiary, except in the ordinary course of business and which is not material to the assets, properties, financial condition, operating results or business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole (as such business is presently conducted and as it is proposed to be conducted);

    (vi)        any change or amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or material change to any material contract or arrangement by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or to which any of their respective assets or properties is subject;

    (vii)        any material labor difficulties or labor union organizing activities with respect to employees of the Company or any Subsidiary;

    (viii)        any material transaction entered into by the Company or a Subsidiary other than in the ordinary course of business;

    (ix)        the loss of the services of any key employee, or material change in the composition or duties of the senior management of the Company or any Subsidiary;

    (x)        the loss or threatened loss of any customer which has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or

    (xi)        any other event or condition of any character that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

      4.9        SEC Filings; S-3 Eligibility .

    (a)        At the time of filing thereof, the SEC Filings complied as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

    (b)        Each registration statement and any amendment thereto filed by the Company since January 1, 2002 pursuant to the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as of the date such statement or amendment became effective, complied as to form in all material respects with the 1933 Act and did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein not misleading; and each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act, as of its issue date and as of the closing of any sale of securities pursuant thereto did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

    (c)        The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 to register the resale of the Registrable Securities (as such term is defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) by the Investors as contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement.

        4.10        No Conflict, Breach, Violation or Default . Subject to the approval of the Proposal by its stockholders as contemplated in Section 7.9, the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the issuance and sale of the Securities will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under (i) the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or the Company’s Bylaws, both as in effect on the date hereof (true and complete copies of which have been made available to the Investors through the EDGAR system), or (ii)(a) any statute, rule, regulation or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective assets or properties, or (b) any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or to which any of their respective assets or properties is subject, other than a conflict, breach or default that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

        4.11        Tax Matters . The Company and each Subsidiary has timely prepared and filed all tax returns required to have been filed by the Company or such Subsidiary with all appropriate governmental agencies and timely paid all taxes shown thereon or otherwise owed by it, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Company in respect of taxes for all fiscal periods are adequate in all material respects, and there are no material unpaid assessments against the Company or any Subsidiary. All taxes and other assessments and levies that the Company or any Subsidiary is required to withhold or to collect for payment have been duly withheld and collected and paid to the proper governmental entity or third party when due. There are no tax liens or claims pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective assets or property, other than Permitted Liens. Except as described on Schedule 4.11 , there are no outstanding tax sharing agreements or other such arrangements between the Company and any Subsidiary or other corporation or entity.

        4.12        Title to Properties . Except as disclosed in the SEC Filings, the Company and each Subsidiary has good and marketable title to all properties and assets owned by it, in each case free from liens, encumbrances and defects, other than Permitted Liens; and except as disclosed in the SEC Filings, the Company and each Subsidiary holds any leased real or personal property under valid and enforceable leases with no exceptions that would materially interfere with the use made or currently planned to be made thereof by them.

        4.13        Certificates, Authorities and Permits . The Company and each Subsidiary possess adequate certificates, authorities or permits issued by appropriate governmental agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by it, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authority or permit that, if determined adversely to the Company or such Subsidiary, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, individually or in the aggregate.

      4.14        Labor Matters .

    (a)        Except as set forth on Schedule 4.14 , the Company is not a party to or bound by any collective bargaining agreements or other agreements with labor organizations. The Company has not violated in any material respect any laws, regulations, orders or contract terms, affecting the collective bargaining rights of employees, labor organizations or any laws, regulations or orders affecting employment discrimination, equal opportunity employment, or employees’ health, safety, welfare, wages and hours.

    (b)        (i) There are no labor disputes existing, or to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened, involving strikes, slow-downs, work stoppages, job actions, disputes, lockouts or any other disruptions of or by the Company’s employees, (ii) there are no unfair labor practices or petitions for election pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened before the National Labor Relations Board or any other federal, state or local labor commission relating to the Company’s employees, (iii) no demand for recognition or certification heretofore made by any labor organization or group of employees is pending with respect to the Company and (iv) to the Company’s Knowledge, the Company enjoys good labor and employee relations with its employees and labor organizations.

    (c)        The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws respecting employment (including laws relating to classification of employees and independent contractors) and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, wages and hours, and immigration and naturalization. There no claims are pending against the Company before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or any other administrative body or in any court asserting any violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination Act of 1967, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 or 1983 or any other federal, state or local Law, statute or ordinance barring discrimination in employment.

    (d)        Except as disclosed in the SEC Filings or as described on Schedule 4.14 , the Company is not a party to, or bound by, any employment or other contract or agreement that contains any severance, termination pay or change of control liability or obligation, including, without limitation, any “excess parachute payment,” as defined in Section 2806(b) of the Internal Revenue Code.

    (e)        Except as specified in Schedule 4.14 , each of the Company’s employees is a Person who is either a United States citizen or a permanent resident entitled to work in the United States. To the Company’s Knowledge, the Company has no liability for the improper classification by the Company of such employees as independent contractors or leased employees prior to the Closing.

      4.15        Intellectual Property .

    (a)        To the Company’s Knowledge, all Intellectual Property of the Company and its Subsidiaries is valid and enforceable. No Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries which is necessary for the conduct of Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted has been or is now involved in any cancellation, dispute or litigation, and, to the Company’s Knowledge, no such action is threatened. No issued patent owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries has been or is now involved in any interference, reissue, re-examination or opposition proceeding.

    (b)        All of the in-bound licenses and sublicenses and consent, royalty or other agreements concerning Intellectual Property which are necessary for the conduct of the Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party (other than  generally commercially available, non-custom, off-the-shelf software application programs having a retail acquisition price of less than $10,000 per license) (collectively, “In-Bound License Agreements”) are, to the Company’s Knowledge, valid and binding obligations of the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except to the extent that enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and, to the Company’s Knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries are, as of the date of this Agreement, in material breach of any of their respective obligations under any such In-Bound License Agreements.

    (c)        The Company and its Subsidiaries own or have the valid right to use all of the Intellectual Property that is necessary for the conduct of the Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted and for the ownership, maintenance and operation of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ properties and assets, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, adverse claims or, with respect to Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, obligations to license such Intellectual Property, other than licenses of the Intellectual Property owned by the Company or any Subsidiary that are entered into in the ordinary course of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ businesses. To the Company’s Knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries have a valid and enforceable right to use all third party Intellectual Property and Confidential Information used or held for use in the respective businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

    (d)        To the Company’s Knowledge, the conduct of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ businesses as currently conducted does not infringe or otherwise materially impair or conflict with (collectively, “Infringe”) any Intellectual Property rights of any third party and, to the Company’s Knowledge, the Intellectual Property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries which is necessary for the conduct of Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted are not being Infringed by any third party. There is no litigation or court order pending or outstanding or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened or imminent, that seeks to limit or challenge or that concerns the ownership, use, validity or enforceability of any Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries or the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ use of any Intellectual Property owned by a third party, and, to the Company’s Knowledge, there is no valid basis for the same.

    (e)        To the Company’s Knowledge, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Transaction Documents will not result in the (i) loss, material impairment of or material restriction on any of the Intellectual Property or Confidential Information owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries which is necessary for the conduct of Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted or (ii) material breach of any In-Bound License Agreement.

    (f)        The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps to protect the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ rights in their Intellectual Property and Confidential Information. Each employee, consultant and contractor who has had access to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ Confidential Information which is necessary for the conduct of Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted has executed an agreement to maintain the confidentiality of such Confidential Information. To the Company�