NON-EXCLUSIVE PATENT LICENSE
THIS
NON-EXCLUSIVE PATENT LICENSE (this “ Agreement
”) is entered into this 6th day of November, 2006
(the “ Effective Date ”), and shall be
treated as in full force and effect as of October 1, 2006, by and
between Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
with offices at 82 Cambridge Street, Burlington, MA 01803 (“
Palomar ”), and Cynosure, Inc., a Delaware corporation
with offices at 5 Carlisle Road, Westford, MA 01886 (“
Cynosure ”) (Palomar together with all Palomar
Affiliates (as defined below) on the one hand, and Cynosure
together with all Cynosure Affiliates (as defined below) on the
other hand, each a “ Party ”, and together,
the “Parties ”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS,
Palomar has a license from MGH under the Anderson Patents (both as
defined below) relating to the use of light to remove
hair;
WHEREAS,
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates desire to obtain, and Palomar is
willing to grant, a non-exclusive, royalty-bearing sublicense under
the Anderson Patents to develop and commercialize products
developed by Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates under the following
terms and conditions; and
WHEREAS,
Palomar and Palomar Affiliates desire to obtain, and Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates are willing to grant, a fully paid up
non-exclusive (sub)license under the Cynosure Patents (as defined
below) under the following terms and conditions.
NOW
THEREFORE, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
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1.
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Definitions
. The following terms (and their
correlatives), in addition to terms defined on first use herein,
shall have the meanings set forth below:
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(a)
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“
Palomar Affiliate ”shall mean any person or entity
that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with Palomar
(i) as of the Effective Date or (ii) after the Effective
Date, in each case of clauses (i) and (ii), only for so
long as such person or entity satisfies the foregoing
requirements.
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(b)
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“
Cynosure Affiliate ”shall mean any person or entity
that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries
(i) is controlled by Cynosure as of the Effective Date or
thereafter or (ii) controls or is under common control with
Cynosure (in each case provided such control arises after the
Effective Date); provided, in each case of clause (i) or (ii), such
person or entity is not an Excluded Third Party at the time such
person or entity first meets the foregoing control requirements
(unless Palomar provides its written consent in its sole
discretion), and further only for so long as such person or entity
satisfies the foregoing control requirements; provided, further,
that El. En. S.p.A. shall not be treated as a “Cynosure
Affiliate” for any purpose hereunder and thus shall be
treated as a “Third Party” for all purposes hereunder.
For clarity, (1) Exhibit A lists Cynosure
Affiliates as of the Effective Date, and (2) any Third Party
that does not become a “Cynosure Affiliate” hereunder
because of the reference to “Excluded Third Party” in
clause (ii) above shall continue to be treated as a
“Third Party” for all purposes hereunder.
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(c)
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“
Affiliates ” shall mean, with respect to any Third
Party, any person or entity that, directly or indirectly, through
one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under
common control with such Third Party, in each case only for so long
as such person or entity satisfies the foregoing
requirement.
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For
purposes of this Section 1.1, “control” and, with
correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and
“under common control with” shall mean (i) the
possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct the
management or policies of an entity, whether through the ownership
of voting securities, by contract relating to voting rights or
corporate governance, or otherwise, or (ii) the ownership,
directly or indirectly, of at least fifty percent (50%) of the
voting securities or other ownership interest of an entity (or,
with respect to a limited partnership or other similar entity, its
general partner or controlling entity); provided, that if local law
restricts foreign ownership, “control” shall be deemed
established by direct or indirect ownership of the maximum
ownership percentage that may, under such local law, be owned by
foreign interests.
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1.2.
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“
Anderson Patents ” shall mean (i) the Patents set
forth on Exhibit B , and (ii) all other Patents
that claim the right of priority to, or enjoy the benefit of an
earlier filing date of, in whole or in part, directly or
indirectly, one or more of the Patents identified in the
immediately preceding clause (i). “ Other Anderson
Patents ” shall mean the following subset of Anderson
Patents: U.S. Patent No. 5,824,023 and all other Patents that
claim the right of priority to, or enjoy the benefit of an earlier
filing date of, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, U.S.
Patent No. 5,824,023 or the application that issued as such
U.S. Patent.
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1.3.
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“
Consumer Field ” shall mean the field in which
products or systems are intended for or marketed to consumers for
personal use. For the avoidance of doubt, the “Consumer
Field” shall exclude products or systems in the Professional
Field.
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1.4.
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“
Excluded Third Party ” shall mean any Third Party and
its Affiliates against which:
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(a)
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any suit or
action involving any Anderson Patent has been instituted between
Palomar or any Palomar Affiliates and such Third Party or any of
its Affiliates; or
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(b)
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Palomar or any
of Palomar Affiliates has an outstanding injunction pertaining to
infringement of the Anderson Patents.
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1.5.
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“
Gillette ” shall mean The Gillette Company, and its
successors and permitted assigns of the Gillette
Agreement.
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1.6.
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“
Gillette Agreement ” shall mean that certain
“Development and License Agreement” between Palomar and
The Gillette Company dated as of February 14, 2003, as such
agreement is amended as of the Effective Date and as such agreement
may be amended or restated thereafter, provided that any terms of
the Gillette Agreement that by operation of such amendment or
restatement limit or restrict Cynosure’s or Cynosure
Affiliates’ rights under this Agreement, or impose any
additional obligations on Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates, in each
case other than as specified hereunder (each a “
Restrictive Gillette Term ”), shall not be binding on
Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates. In the event that any term of the
Gillette Agreement is amended so that it is a Restrictive Gillette
Term, only (i) the unamended terms of the Gillette Agreement as
they existed immediately prior to becoming Restrictive Gillette
Terms pursuant to such amendment or restatement, (ii) the amended
terms of the Gillette Agreement that are not Restrictive Gillette
Terms and (iii) all other terms of the Gillette Agreement that are
not amended by such amendment or restatement, in each case shall
apply to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates, and Palomar (and not
Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates) shall be responsible to
Gillette for any liability arising out of any Restrictive Gillette
Term. A copy of the Gillette Agreement, excluding exhibits thereto
and redactions of other commercially sensitive information, as
amended as of the Effective Date is attached hereto at
Appendix A .
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1.7.
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“
Licensed Products ” shall mean Cynosure Products
(including those Cynosure Hair Modules that alone amount to a
“Cynosure Product” hereunder). For clarity, Licensed
Products may include future energy source modules, products,
systems, components or accessories Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates after the Effective Date, as long as such energy source
module, product, system, component and accessory satisfies in full
the definitional requirements for a “Licensed
Product” (and its subsidiary definitions)
hereunder.
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1.8.
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“
MGH ” shall mean The General Hospital Corporation in
Boston, Massachusetts.
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1.9.
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“ MGH
Agreement ” shall mean that certain “License
Agreement” between Palomar and MGH dated as of August 18,
1995, as such agreement is amended as of the Effective Date and as
such agreement may be amended or restated thereafter in a manner
that is not materially inconsistent with the terms of this
Agreement, provided that any terms of the MGH Agreement that by
operation of such amendment or restatement limit or restrict
Cynosure’s or Cynosure Affiliates’ rights under this
Agreement, or impose any additional obligations on Cynosure or
Cynosure Affiliates, in each case other than as specified hereunder
(each a “ Restrictive MGH Term ”), shall not be
binding on Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates. In the event that any
term of the MGH Agreement is amended so that it is a Restrictive
MGH Term, only (i) the unamended terms of the MGH Agreement as they
existed immediately prior to becoming Restrictive Gillette Terms
pursuant to such amendment or restatement, (ii) the amended terms
of the MGH Agreement that are not Restrictive MGH Terms and (iii)
all other terms of the MGH Agreement that are not amended by such
amendment or restatement, in each case shall apply to Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates, and Palomar (and not Cynosure or any Cynosure
Affiliates) shall be responsible to MGH for any liability arising
out of any Restrictive MGH Term. A copy of the MGH Agreement, as
redacted, as amended as of the Effective Date is attached hereto at
Appendix B .
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1.10.
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“ Net
Sales ” shall mean all amounts invoiced by Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates, for the Sale to Third Parties of Licensed
Products (collectively, the “ Actual Amounts
”), less: (i) allowances and adjustments actually
credited to customers for damaged and returned product (which
allowances and adjustments may be taken only on a
product-by-product basis, that is an allowance or adjustment on one
product, for example, a Cynergy System, shall not be taken against
Sales of another type of product, for example, an Apogee 5500
System); (ii) promotional, trade, quantity, cash and prompt
payment discounts separately identified on the invoice and actually
allowed and taken; and (iii) Third Party charges of the
following kinds collected by the seller from the buyer and
separately identified on the invoice: transportation charges,
insurance charges for transportation, sales taxes, excise taxes and
customs duties, and governmental charges levied on or measured by
the sale; provided that: (1) no deductions shall be made from
Actual Amounts for any royalties owed or paid to any person or
entity; and (2) Net Sales shall include upgrades or additions
to, or partial replacements for, Licensed Products, where upgrades
include but are not limited to swapping a new Licensed Product for
a buyer’s existing product.
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For
clarity and without limitation, this definition of Net Sales
includes Cynosure Combination Products which do not include a
Cynosure Hair Module for which no royalties are due Palomar
hereunder for their Sale. However, as provided in Section 4.4,
subsequent Sales of Cynosure Hair Modules for use with such
Cynosure Combination Products shall affect royalties owed to
Palomar. Thus, it shall be necessary to determine and keep records
of the Net Sales attributable to all such Licensed Products. As a
consequence, inclusion of a Licensed Product in this definition of
Net Sales, by itself, shall not indicate that royalties are
necessarily due Palomar hereunder on the Sale of such Licensed
Product.
The
following paragraphs provide additional non-limiting examples for
calculating Net Sales hereunder:
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Trade-in of a
first Cynosure Product in connection with the Sale of a second
Cynosure Product shall be treated as follows: (i) the Net
Sales attributed to the Sale of such second Cynosure Product
(a) shall not include any deduction or other reduction for the
trade-in given by Cynosure for such first Cynosure Product, unless
Cynosure paid royalties to Palomar hereunder upon the Sale of such
first Cynosure Product ( e.g. , there shall be no such
deduction or other reduction when such first Cynosure Product is a
Cynosure Other Product), and (b) shall be calculated as set
forth in this definition, and such Sale of such second Cynosure
Product shall be subject to the royalty obligations set forth in
Section 4.4, and (ii) the Net Sales attributable to any
re-Sale of such first Cynosure Product shall be calculated as set
forth in this definition, and such re-Sale of such first Cynosure
Product shall be subject to the royalty obligations set forth in
Section 4.4. For example, without limiting the generality of the
foregoing, if a customer purchases from Cynosure an Apogee 5500
System for $60,000, then under Section 4.4, Cynosure is obligated
to pay Palomar a royalty of $4,500 on such Sale of the Apogee 5500
System (7.5% of $60,000). If that customer then purchases from
Cynosure an Acclaim 7000 Laser System for $120,000 and is provided
a credit of $20,000 in connection with a trade-in of such Apogee
5500 System that such customer previously purchased (thus paying
Cynosure $100,000), then under Section 4.4, Cynosure is obligated
to pay Palomar a royalty of $7,500 on such Sale of the Acclaim 7000
Laser System (7.5% of $100,000) and no amount shall be due
hereunder for the $20,000 credit provided for the Apogee 5500
System. If Cynosure then re-Sells the traded-in Apogee 5500 System
for $40,000, then under Section 4.4, Cynosure is obligated to pay
Palomar a royalty of $3,000 on such re-Sale of the traded-in Apogee
5500 System (7.5% of $40,000).
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Installation
charges, whether or not separately invoiced or identified on an
invoice, shall not be deducted from the Actual Amounts.
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Charges for the
standard warranty for a Licensed Product, whether or not separately
invoiced or identified on an invoice, shall not be deducted from
the Actual Amounts. However, charges separately identified on an
invoice for an extended warranty (after deducting appropriate
charges for the standard warranty) may be deducted from Actual
Amounts.
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Charges for
standard or basic training (often referred to as inservice training
or initial training) or any training by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates (collectively referred to as “ Standard
Training”) for a Licensed Product, whether or not separately
invoiced or identified on an invoice, shall not be deducted from
the Actual Amounts. However, charges separately identified on an
invoice for additional training by a Third Party (after deducting
appropriate charges for the Standard Training, if such Third Party
is to provide the Standard Training) may be deducted from Actual
Amounts.
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Excluding
physically separate light-based systems which are covered in the
following paragraph on Bundled Packages, charges for other
products, accessories, parts or items listed on an invoice along
with a Licensed Product, with no separate and distinct price set
forth for those other products, accessories, parts or items on the
invoice in question, shall not be deducted from Actual
Amounts.
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If
Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliate Sells one or more Licensed
Product(s), in combination with other, physically separate
light-based systems that are not Licensed Products at a single
price (a “ Bundled Package ”), then the Net
Sales attributable to such Licensed Product(s), for the purpose of
determining Net Sales attributable hereunder, shall be calculated
by multiplying the Net Sales of such Bundled Package by the
fraction A/(A+B), where A is the is the selling party’s (
i.e. , Cynosure or a Cynosure Affiliate, who shall be deemed
to be a “ Selling Party ”) then current
published list price(s) for the Licensed Product(s) in the relevant
country during the applicable calendar quarter, and B is the then
current published list prices for all other components in the
Bundled Package that are not Licensed Product(s) in the relevant
country during the applicable calendar quarter. For purposes of
this paragraph, if there is no current published list price(s) for
the Licensed Product(s) or other light-based system(s) included in
a Bundled Package, then (i) the applicable values shall be
determined by reference to the average Net Sales price of such
Licensed Product(s) or light-based system(s) in the relevant
country during the applicable calendar quarter as Sold separately
in bona fide arms-length transactions by the Selling Party,
or (ii) if, in any given country and applicable calendar quarter,
the Licensed Product(s) and other light-based system(s) included in
a Bundled Package are not all Sold separately in bona fide
arms-length transactions in such country by the same Selling Party,
then Net Sales of a Licensed Product(s) included within the Bundled
Package shall be calculated using the formula above, using the
average Net Sales price in the United States for the applicable
calendar quarter of the Licensed Product(s) and the other
light-based system(s), again in bona fide arms-length
transactions by a single Selling Party, or (iii) if no average Net
Sales prices of the Licensed Product(s) and the other such
light-based system(s) is available for the United States for the
applicable calendar quarter from bona fide arms-length
transactions by a single Selling Party, the Net Sales of the
Licensed Product(s) shall be the aggregate Net Sales of such
assemblage of Products without deduction of any kind.
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For
clarity, (i) transfer of a Licensed Product within Cynosure or
between Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates for subsequent Sale to a
Third Party shall not be considered a Sale until a Sale is made to
a Third Party and the Net Sales shall be based on the Sale to the
Third Party of such Licensed Product by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates, (ii) a Licensed Product shall be considered
“Sold” upon the earlier of shipment of or receipt of
payment for such Licensed Product or Cynosure or any Cynosure
Affiliate recognizing revenue with respect to such sale of Licensed
Product in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles, consistently applied, and all royalty obligations on
Net Sales of such Licensed Product shall accrue upon the time of
Sale regardless of the time of collection by the selling entity,
(iii) sales of Licensed Products by Cynosure Sublicensees
(including sales by distributors and subdistributors) shall not
give rise to Net Sales hereunder because those products shall have
already been Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates to such
Cynosure Sublicensees, with the Net Sales arising from such Sale
already accounted for under this definition,
(iv) “amounts invoiced” as used above shall
include the value of any monetary or other consideration to be
received by Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates from a Sale of any
Licensed Product, (v) Net Sales shall be deemed to be equal
to, for any Licensed Product Sold to any Third Party for less than
the seller is then charging or will immediately thereafter begin
charging in bona fide arms-length transactions for
comparable products, the average Net Sales price of such Licensed
Product in bona fide arms-length transactions by such
seller, (vi) all Sales to any distributors shall include the
fair market value of all cash and other consideration received from
such distributor, and (vii) all of the amounts specified
in this definition shall be determined from the books and records
of Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates maintained in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, consistently
applied.
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1.11.
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“
Palomar Product ” shall mean any product, system,
component, method, process or accessory, Sold by Palomar or Palomar
Affiliates, (i) that as of the date of its Sale, is marketed as
being capable of using or uses or is incorporated into a product or
system that uses light to treat skin, including hair removal,
treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions, acne, wrinkles, scars
and tattoos, for other dermatological applications, and other
treatment or cosmetic purpose(s), and (ii) the manufacture,
use, sale, offering for sale or importation of which, absent the
(sub)licenses granted by Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates herein,
would infringe a Valid Claim of the Cynosure Patents. For clarity
and without limitation, the products and systems listed on
Exhibit C are products Sold by Palomar and Palomar
Affiliates up to the Effective Date.
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1.12.
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“
Palomar Sublicensee ” shall mean any Third Party to
which Palomar or a Palomar Affiliate grants a permitted sublicense
pursuant to Section 2.2(b) under the (sub)license grant from
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates in Section 2.2(a).
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1.13.
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“
Patents ” shall mean (i) any patents and patent
applications and any patents issuing therefrom worldwide,
(ii) any substitutions, divisions, continuations,
continuations-in-part, reissues, renewals, registrations,
confirmations, re-examinations, extensions, supplementary
protection certificates, term extensions (under patent or other
law), certificates of invention and the like, of any such patents
or patent applications, and (iii) any foreign or international
equivalents of any of the foregoing.
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1.14.
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“
Professional Field ” shall mean the field in which
products or systems are intended or marketed for sale to doctors,
health care providers, beauty care professionals or other
commercial service providers for use on or with patients or
customers (and not for resale to any person or entity for personal
use).
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1.15.
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“
Sale ” shall mean, with respect to a Licensed Product,
the sale, distribution, lease, use (including training,
preceptorships, marketing and promotional uses for which Cynosure
or one or more Cynosure Affiliates is to receive monetary or other
consideration), cost-per-shot arrangements and any other
arrangement in which monetary or other consideration is to be
received by Cynosure or one or more Cynosure Affiliates for the use
of such Licensed Product.
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1.16.
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“
Third Party ” shall mean any person or entity, other
than Palomar, Cynosure or any Palomar Affiliates or Cynosure
Affiliates.
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1.17.
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“
Valid Claim ” shall mean either (i) a claim of an
issued and unexpired Patent which has not been revoked or held
permanently unenforceable or invalid by a decision of a court or
other governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, unappealable
or unappealed within the time allowed for appeal, and which has not
been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through opposition,
reissue, re-examination or disclaimer or otherwise, or (ii) a
claim of a pending application for a Patent which claim was filed
in good faith and has not been abandoned or finally disallowed
without the possibility of appeal or refiling of said
application.
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1.18.
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“
Cynosure Modules ” shall mean Cynosure Hair Modules
and Cynosure Other Modules, each as defined below:
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(a)
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“
Cynosure Hair Module ” shall mean any energy source
module, Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates, that is marketed
as being capable of using or uses or is incorporated into a product
or system that uses optical radiation to remove hair. For clarity
and without limitation, if in addition to using optical radiation
to remove hair, a Cynosure Hair Module may be used for the
treatment of skin (including treatment of vascular and pigmented
lesions, acne, fat, cellulite, wrinkles, scars and tattoos, skin
tightening, and for other dermatological applications), or other
treatment or cosmetic purpose(s), it shall in all events remain a
“Cynosure Hair Module” hereunder. By way of example and
without limitation, the energy source modules in the products
listed in Exhibit E and Exhibit F in the form they
are Sold by Cynosure as of the Effective Date for hair removal are
“Cynosure Hair Modules” for purposes of this
Agreement.
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(b)
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“
Cynosure Other Module ” shall mean any energy source
module, Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates, that is marketed
as being capable of using or uses or is incorporated into a product
or system that uses optical radiation for the treatment of skin
(including treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions, acne, fat,
cellulite, wrinkles, scars and tattoos, skin tightening, and for
other dermatological applications) or other treatment or cosmetic
purposes, other than hair removal; in all events, other than a
Cynosure Hair Module. By way of example and without limitation, the
energy source modules in the products listed in Exhibit E
under the heading “List of Cynosure Combination
Products” in the form they are Sold by Cynosure as of the
Effective Date for purposes other than for hair removal are
“Cynosure Other Modules” for purposes of this
Agreement.
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1.19.
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“
Cynosure Patents ” shall mean: (i) the Patents
listed on Exhibit D ; (ii) all Patents either
owned or controlled with the right to sublicense (in each case in
whole or in part) by Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates as of the
Effective Date, the practice of which would infringe any claims of
the Patents identified in the immediately preceding
clause (i); and (iii) all Patents claiming the right of
priority to, or enjoying the benefit of an earlier filing date of,
in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, to one or more of the
Patents identified in the immediately preceding clause (i)
or (ii), but not including claims in such Patents that do not
have a priority date before the Effective Date.
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1.20.
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“
Cynosure Products ” shall mean Cynosure Hair Products
and Cynosure Combination Products, each as defined below. “
Cynosure Other Product ” shall mean any product,
system, component or accessory, Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates, that (i) is not a Cynosure Product, and
(ii) that is marketed as being capable of using or uses or is
incorporated into a product or system that uses one or more
Cynosure Other Modules. As of the Effective Date, the following
products in the form they are Sold by Cynosure as of the Effective
Date are “Cynosure Other Products” for purposes of this
Agreement: Affirm System, Cynergy PL System, Photogenica SV System,
TriActive System and VStar System.
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(a)
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“
Cynosure Combination Product ” shall mean any product,
system, component or accessory, Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates, (i) that as of the date of its Sale, is marketed
as being capable of using both at least one Cynosure Other Module
and at least one Cynosure Hair Module, and (ii) the
manufacture, use, sale, offering for sale, or importation of which
when sold with a Cynosure Hair Module, absent the sublicense
granted by Palomar herein, would infringe a Valid Claim of the
Anderson Patents. For clarity and without limitation,
Exhibit E lists Cynosure Combination Products in
existence up to the Effective Date, examples of when a Cynosure
Other Product or a Cynosure Hair Product shall become a
“Cynosure Combination Product” hereunder, and an
example of a marketing technique which does not change a Cynosure
Hair Product into a “Cynosure Combination Product”
hereunder. Further, the Parties acknowledge that (A) as of the
Effective Date, the Cynosure Combination Products listed on
Exhibit E (the Cynergy and Cynergy III Systems) each include
an Nd:YAG laser, which is a Cynosure Hair Module hereunder, (B) the
Nd:YAG laser is used for hair removal through handpieces providing
spot sizes of ten (10), twelve (12) and fifteen (15) millimeters
and (C) the Nd:YAG laser is also used for non-hair removal
treatments ( e.g. , vascular treatments) through handpieces
providing spot sizes of seven (7), five (5) and three (3)
millimeters. After the Effective Date, Cynosure and Cynosure
Affiliates may cease to market and sell the Cynergy and Cynergy III
Systems for hair removal and modify such Cynergy and Cynergy III
Systems so that the Nd:YAG laser module included therein only
functions when connected to handpieces providing spot sizes of
seven (7) millimeters and less ( i.e. , so that the Nd:YAG
laser will not emit light through spot sizes of greater than seven
(7) millimeters and, thus, will not be practical for hair removal).
After the Effective Date, effective as of the date and solely to
the extent that Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates cease marketing or
selling Cynergy and Cynergy III Systems for hair removal, such
modified Cynergy and Cynergy III Systems shall be deemed Cynosure
Other Products hereunder.
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(b)
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“
Cynosure Hair Product ” shall mean any product,
system, component or accessory, Sold by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates, (i) that contains a Cynosure Hair Module,
(ii) the manufacture, use, sale, offering for sale, or
importation of which, absent the sublicense granted by Palomar
herein, would infringe a Valid Claim of the Anderson Patents, and
(iii) that as of its date of Sale, is not marketed for use in
combination with a Cynosure Other Module. For clarity and without
limitation, Exhibit F provides additional
clarifications and lists items that are Cynosure Hair Products in
existence up to the Effective Date.
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1.21.
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“
Cynosure Sublicensee ” shall mean any Third Party to
which Cynosure or a Cynosure Affiliate grants a permitted
sublicense pursuant to Section 2.1(b) under the sublicense grant
from Palomar in Section 2.1(a).
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(a)
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Licensed
Products . Subject to the
terms and conditions of this Agreement, Palomar hereby grants to
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates a worldwide, royalty-bearing,
non-exclusive sublicense, under the Anderson Patents, to make, use,
sell, offer for sale and import Licensed Products (provided that
those Cynosure Hair Modules that alone amount to a “Cynosure
Product” hereunder are used exclusively with other Cynosure
Products or Cynosure Other Products and no other products or
systems of Cynosure, Cynosure Affiliates or any Third Parties), in
each case only for hair removal and only outside of the Consumer
Field. It is understood and agreed that (i) the foregoing
sublicense grant shall cover only those Licensed Products
Sold for which royalties are paid when required by this Agreement
(including the cure period set forth in Section 8.3(b)) to Palomar
hereunder as provided in Section 4 (including with respect to
Sales of Licensed Products occurring before October 1, 2006, for
which Cynosure pays royalties hereunder as specified in
Section 4.2), (ii) the foregoing sublicense grant
automatically extends, without any further action by Cynosure or
any Cynosure Affiliates, to each person and entity that is
a “Cynosure Affiliate” as of the Effective Date or
becomes a “Cynosure Affiliate” thereafter, but only for
so long as such person or entity remains a “Cynosure
Affiliate” hereunder, and (iii) Palomar shall be in
direct privity under this Agreement with any Cynosure Affiliate as
a result of such sublicense grant.
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(b)
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Limited
Sublicensing Rights .
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall not have any right to grant
to any Third Parties any further sublicenses under the sublicense
grant set forth in Section 2.1(a), nor shall any purported
sublicenses under such sublicense grants made by Cynosure or any
Cynosure Affiliates or any of their sublicensees prior to October
1, 2006 be valid or enforceable, except Cynosure, and only those
Cynosure Affiliates that are wholly-owned or majority-owned by
Cynosure (directly or indirectly, and taking into account any local
law restrictions as noted in Section 1.1), and no other Cynosure
Affiliates, may grant sublicenses only as may be necessary for
(i) Third Parties to distribute Licensed Products Sold by
Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates and for which royalties are payable
to Palomar on Net Sales hereunder, or (ii) the manufacture of
Licensed Products by Third Parties for sale only to Cynosure or
Cynosure Affiliates, provided that, for each of clauses (i)
and (ii), any such Third Parties are not Excluded Third
Parties, and further provided that any such sublicense grants shall
apply only to activities occurring on or after the actual date such
sublicense grant is first memorialized in writing (and not before).
Cynosure Sublicensees shall not have the right to grant any
sublicenses under any such sublicense grant by Cynosure or Cynosure
Affiliates. Cynosure shall be responsible to Palomar for the
performance of any Cynosure Affiliates and Cynosure Sublicensees
under any provisions of this Agreement for which Cynosure or any
Cynosure Affiliate is responsible, even if such person or entity is
also responsible to Palomar. No purchaser of any Licensed Product
shall, by operation of this Agreement, receive any license,
sublicense or other rights in, to or under the Anderson Patents
that exceeds the scope and terms of the sublicense grant set forth
in Section 2.1(a), notwithstanding the patent exhaustion/first
sale doctrine. Apart from the foregoing limited right to grant
further sublicenses, Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall not
have any right to make an Assignment or otherwise Transfer such
sublicense grant except pursuant to Section 9.3(a).
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(c)
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License
Field Limitation .
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary,
(i) Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall not exercise,
(ii) Cynosure shall not allow any Cynosure Affiliates or
Cynosure Sublicensees to exercise, and (iii) with respect to
any distributor, sublicense or other agreements entered into by
Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates, or purchase orders issued or
accepted by Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates, in each case after
the Effective Date, Cynosure shall expressly prohibit in writing
all Cynosure Affiliates and Cynosure Sublicensees from exercising,
the sublicense grant provided for in Section 2.1(a) within the
Consumer Field. With respect to not allowing certain activities by
Cynosure Sublicensees as set forth in clause (ii) of the 1
st sentence of this Section 2.1(c), the Parties
understand and agree that, without limiting Cynosure and an
Cynosure Affiliate’s obligations under such clause, once
Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliate learns of any violation of their
obligations not to allow any Cynosure Sublicensee to conduct those
prohibited activities, Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall
promptly use commercially reasonable efforts to end all such
prohibited activities by such Cynosure Sublicensee within a
commercially reasonable time period, and if unable to end all such
prohibited activities by such efforts, shall in all events within
six (6) months of first learning of any such prohibited
activities by such Cynosure Sublicensee: (x) terminate the
sublicense to such Cynosure Sublicensee; and (y) stop Selling
(directly or indirectly through other Cynosure Sublicensees or
otherwise) Licensed Products to such Cynosure Sublicensee. If
Palomar notifies Cynosure in writing of any Cynosure Sublicensee
conducting any such prohibited activities, Cynosure shall
thereafter confirm in writing to Palomar that Cynosure has complied
with the immediately preceding sentence for such Cynosure
Sublicensee.
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(d)
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Patent
Marking . Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates shall mark all Licensed Products Sold after the
Effective Date in accordance with the patent laws, if any, of the
jurisdictions in which such Licensed Products are manufactured,
used or Sold. Without limitation, Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates
shall mark all Licensed Products Sold in the United States after
the Effective Date with the applicable U.S. patent numbers of the
applicable Anderson Patents.
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(e)
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Palomar’s Right to Grant Other
Sublicenses . Subject to
the terms of this Agreement, Palomar retains the right to grant
sublicenses and other rights in and to the Anderson Patents as
Palomar may deem appropriate in its sole discretion, provided that
no such grant may limit or restrict Cynosure’s or Cynosure
Affiliates’ rights under this Agreement or impose any
obligation on Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates, other than as
specified hereunder.
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(f)
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Excluded
Third Parties . The
Parties intend that no Excluded Third Party, or any of their
products or other technology, is to be granted any rights under the
Anderson Patents sublicensed by Palomar under Section 2.1(a),
either through the direct sublicense from Palomar to Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates under Section 2.1(a) or as a Cynosure
Sublicensee. Thus, the Parties have agreed to preclude any Excluded
Third Party from becoming a “Cynosure Affiliate”
hereunder as provided in Section 1.1(b), and further have
agreed to preclude any Assignment of this Agreement by Cynosure or
any Cynosure Affiliate to or otherwise involving any Excluded Third
Party under Section 9.3(a). Further, Cynosure and Cynosure
Affiliates hereby agree that to the extent that any of them
acquires any rights or interest in or to any product(s) or other
technology from any person or entity while such person or entity is
an “Excluded Third Party” hereunder, whether by
Assignment under Section 9.3(a), asset purchase or sale,
bankruptcy, conveyance, lease, distribution arrangement,
manufacturing arrangement (including any foundry arrangement),
license, sublicense, option, other transfer or any other
transaction of any type (any such transaction, an “
Acquisition ”), the sublicense grant set forth in
Section 2.1(a) (or any sublicense thereunder granted pursuant
to Section 2.1(b)) shall not apply to such product(s) or
technology or any improvements or derivatives thereto (even if such
person or entity at some time after the applicable Acquisition is
no longer an “Excluded Third Party” hereunder), and
Palomar and its sublicensees shall retain any and all rights to
enforce the Anderson Patents against Cynosure, Cynosure Affiliates,
such Excluded Third Party or any other Third Party with respect to
the same.
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(a)
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Palomar
Products . Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates hereby grant to Palomar and Palomar Affiliates
a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, fully paid up, royalty-free,
non-exclusive license or sublicense, as the case may be, under the
Cynosure Patents, to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale and
import Palomar Products. It is understood and agreed that
(i) the foregoing sublicense grant automatically extends,
without any further action by Palomar or any Palomar Affiliates, to
each person and entity that is a “Palomar
Affiliate” as of the Effective Date or becomes a
“Palomar Affiliate” thereafter, but only for so long as
such person or entity remains a “Palomar
Affiliate” hereunder, and (ii) Cynosure shall be in
direct privity under this Agreement with any Palomar Affiliate as a
result of such sublicense grant.
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(b)
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Limited
Sublicensing Rights .
Palomar and Palomar Affiliates shall not have any right to grant to
any Third Parties any sublicense under the license and sublicense
grants set forth in Section 2.2(a), nor shall any purported
sublicenses under such sublicense grants made by Palomar or any
Palomar Affiliates or any of their sublicensees prior to the
Effective Date be valid or enforceable, except Palomar, and only
those Palomar Affiliates that are wholly-owned by Palomar (directly
or indirectly, and taking into account any local law restrictions
as noted in Section 1.1) and no other Palomar Affiliates, may grant
sublicenses only as may be necessary for (i) the sale or
distribution of Palomar Products by Third Parties acting as
distributors, (ii) the manufacture of Palomar Products for
resale only to Palomar, Palomar Affiliates or such Third Party
distributors, or (iii) the development and commercialization
of consumer products in a collaboration between Palomar or any
Palomar Affiliate and a Third Party in which Palomar or a Palomar
Affiliate has substantial development and/or commercialization
obligations, provided that, any such sublicense grants shall apply
only to activities occurring on or after the actual date such
sublicense grant is first memorialized in writing (and not before).
Palomar Sublicensees shall not have the right to grant sublicenses
under such sublicense grants by Palomar or Palomar Affiliates
except in connection with the sale or other distribution of a
Palomar Product. Palomar shall be responsible to Cynosure for the
performance of any Palomar Affiliates and Palomar Sublicensees
under any provisions of this Agreement for which Palomar or any
Palomar Affiliate is responsible, even if such person or entity is
also responsible to Cynosure. No purchaser of any Palomar product
shall, by operation of this Agreement, receive any license,
sublicense or other rights in, to or under the Cynosure Patents
that exceeds the scope and terms of the sublicense grant set forth
in Section 2.2(a), notwithstanding the patent exhaustion/first
sale doctrine. Apart from the foregoing limited right to grant
sublicenses, Palomar and Palomar Affiliates shall not have any
right to make an Assignment or otherwise Transfer such license
grant except pursuant to Section 9.3(b).
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(c)
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Cynosure’s Right to Grant Other
Sublicenses . Subject to
the terms of this Agreement, Cynosure retains the right to grant
sublicenses and other rights in and to the Cynosure Patents as
Cynosure may deem appropriate in its sole discretion, provided that
no such grant may limit or restrict Palomar’s or Palomar
Affiliates’ rights under this Agreement or impose any
obligation on Palomar or Palomar Affiliates, other than as
specified hereunder.
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2.3.
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Related
Licensing Provisions .
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(a)
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Prosecution . As between the Parties, each Party shall have
the sole right (but not the obligation) in its sole discretion
(subject to, for Palomar, the MGH Agreement) to prosecute,
maintain, enforce and defend any Patents (sub)licensed by such
Party to the other Party hereunder, and such other Party shall have
no rights with respect to any such activities.
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(b)
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Other
Transactions . (i)
Palomar may assign, convey, sell, lease, encumber, license,
sublicense or otherwise transfer to or grant any right in or to
(collectively, “ Transfer ”) a Third Party
or a Palomar Affiliate any and all of the Anderson Patents or the
MGH Agreement and (ii) Cynosure and any Cynosure Affiliate may
Transfer to a Third Party or other Cynosure Affiliate any and all
of the Cynosure Patents, in each case provided that any such
transaction is made subject to all rights and sublicense(s) of the
other Party arising from this Agreement and shall not shall not
impose any additional obligations on such other Party.
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(c)
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Licensing
Fees . Except as
otherwise expressly provided herein, any amounts or other
consideration owed to any Third Party or a Palomar Affiliate, in
the case of Palomar, or to any Third Party, in the case of Cynosure
or any Cynosure Affiliate, on account of the grant of the
(sub)licenses contained in this Section 2 shall be the sole
responsibility of the Party granting the (sub)license.
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2.4.
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MGH
Agreement . Palomar
represents and warrants to Cynosure that the MGH Agreement, as
redacted and attached hereto as Appendix B , is true
and complete and in effect as of the Effective Date. In the event
that the MGH Agreement is terminated for any reason before the
expiration of all of the Valid Claims of the Anderson Patents,
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall no longer have any further
royalty obligations to Palomar under this Agreement from the date
of such termination (other than for royalty obligations accrued
hereunder before such date). Notwithstanding anything contained
herein to the contrary, Palomar shall have no liability of any kind
whatsoever as a result of such termination.
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2.5.
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No Other
Rights . Each Party
acknowledges and agrees that, as between the Parties, Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates owns or has all right, title and interest in
and to the Cynosure Patents, and Palomar and MGH have all right,
title and interest in and to the Anderson Patents, other than in
each case with respect to non-exclusive (sub)license grants already
made by the Parties in the applicable license field hereunder, and
that (i) in the case of Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates, Palomar
and Palomar Affiliates shall acquire no right, title or interest in
or to the Cynosure Patents or any other Patents owned, licensed or
Controlled by Cynosure, by implication, estoppel or otherwise,
other than the (sub)license grant to Palomar and Palomar Affiliates
set forth in Section 2.2(a) or as otherwise expressly provided
herein, and (ii) in the case of Palomar, Cynosure and Cynosure
Affiliates shall acquire no right, title or interest in or to the
Anderson Patents or any other Patents owned, licensed or Controlled
by Palomar, by implication, estoppel or otherwise, other than the
sublicense grant to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates set forth in
Section 2.1(a) or as otherwise expressly provided
herein.
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3.
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Other Obligations of
Cynosure .
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3.1.
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Definitions
for this Section 3 .
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(a)
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“
Exploit ” shall mean to make, have made, import, use,
sell, or offer for sale, including to research, develop, register,
modify, enhance, improve, Manufacture, have Manufactured,
formulate, have used, export, transport, distribute, promote,
market or have sold or otherwise dispose of.
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(b)
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“
Exploitation ” shall mean the making, having made,
importation, use, sale, offering for sale or disposition of a
product or process, including the research, development,
registration, modification, enhancement, improvement, Manufacture,
formulation, optimization, import, export, transport, distribution,
promotion or marketing of a product or process.
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(c)
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“
Manufacture ” shall mean, with respect to a product or
system, the manufacturing, processing, formulating, packaging,
labeling, holding and quality control testing of such product or
compound.
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(a)
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For as long as
the sublicense grant by Palomar to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates
set forth in Section 2.1(a) is in effect (the “
Sublicense Term ”), Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates
shall not Exploit or otherwise practice the sublicenses to the
Anderson Patents granted to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates by
Palomar under Section 2.1(a) by:
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(i)
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developing any
Licensed Products intended by Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates
for use (in whole or in part) in the Consumer Field;
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(ii)
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marketing any
Licensed Products in the Consumer Field; or
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(iii)
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developing or
commercializing in or outside the Consumer Field any Female
Accessory Product during its period of commercialization by
Gillette or any Gillette licensee, provided that any apparatus,
component, accessory, disposable or Consumable as to which Cynosure
or any Cynosure Affiliate has expended material financial and other
resources on its development or commercialization as a Light-Based
Accessory Product before such Female Accessory Product is first
commercialized by Gillette or any Gillette licensee shall not be
subject to the restriction contained in this
Section 3.2(a)(iii). All capitalized terms used in this
Section 3.2(a)(iii), but not defined herein, shall have the
meanings ascribed to them in the Gillette Agreement.
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(b)
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During the
Sublicense Term, Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall label
Licensed Products commercialized outside the Consumer Field
pursuant to the sublicense to the Anderson Patents granted to
Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates by Palomar under
Section 2.1(a) with the following phrase (or similar words
which fairly convey such products are for use only outside the
Consumer Field): “not intended for consumer
self-use.”
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(c)
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During the
Sublicense Term, Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates shall not, in the
development and commercialization of Licensed Products outside the
Consumer Field pursuant to the sublicense to the Anderson Patents
granted to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates by Palomar under
Section 2.1(a), intentionally (1) design, modify or
otherwise improve any such Licensed Product(s) with the goal or
intent of improving its efficacy or performance in the Consumer
Field, or (2) optimize, induce, support or encourage the use of any
such Licensed Products in the Consumer Field.
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(d)
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The
covenants of Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates contained in
Sections 3.2(a)(i), 3.2(a)(ii) and 3.2(c) shall not
prevent Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliates from conducting any
activity, or exercising or granting any licenses or other rights,
with respect to the practice of the Anderson Patents, that has as
its goal or intent Exploitation of a product or system outside the
Consumer Field and not Exploitation of a product or system in the
Consumer Field, notwithstanding the possibility that such activity,
exercise or grant may have applications in the Consumer
Field.
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(e)
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All Consumer
Field Users (as defined in Section 3.3(a)), other than
Palomar, are hereby granted third-party beneficiary rights to
enforce the provisions of this Section 3.2 provided that
Palomar has granted such Consumer Field Users such rights in
writing.
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3.3.
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Economic
Adjustments for Off-Label Sales .
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(a)
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Cynosure
and Cynosure Affiliates each agrees to make payments to
(i) Gillette, (ii) any other Third Party to which Palomar
has granted an exclusive sublicense under the Anderson Patents in a
field that in whole or in part falls within the Consumer Field, and
(iii) Palomar (collectively, “ Consumer Field
Users ”), as appropriate, in the manner set forth below,
to compensate any of them for certain lost profits, if any,
resulting from net off-label purchases during the Sublicense Term
of Licensed Products commercialized pursuant to the sublicense to
the Anderson Patents granted to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates by
Palomar under Section 2.1(a), for use in the Consumer
Field.
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(b)
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In the
event that a Consumer Field User shall suffer Lost Profits
(calculated in the manner set forth in Section 3.3(c)) in
excess of Five Million Dollars (U.S. $5,000,000) in any calendar
year, then such Consumer Field User may submit a written notice to
Cynosure or any Cynosure Affiliate (a “ Lost Profits
Notice ”) specifying its aggregate Lost Profits for such
calendar year and enclosing copies of (A) the Independent Study (as
defined below) supporting such calculation and (B) this Agreement.
Within one hundred and eighty (180) days after receipt thereof,
Cynosure or the Cynosure Affiliate, as applicable, shall (1) remit
payment to such Consumer Field User, to such bank account
designated in the Lost Profits Notice, in an amount equal to the
difference between such Lost Profits and Five Million Dollars (U.S.
$5,000,000) or (2) provide to such Consumer Field User a detailed
written critique of such calculation, propose a revised calculation
of such Consumer Field User’s Lost Profits based on a new
Independent Study, and enclose a copy of such Independent Study. In
the event that Cynosure or such Cynosure Affiliate, as applicable,
shall propose a revised calculation, Cynosure or such Cynosure
Affiliate, as applicable, and such Consumer Field User shall meet
within thirty (30) days thereafter to attempt in good faith to
negotiate an agreed level of Lost Profits, or otherwise settle the
dispute. In the event that Cynosure or such Cynosure Affiliate, as
applicable, and such Consumer Field User shall fail to reach
agreement at such meeting, either of them may bring a lawsuit in
any court of competent jurisdiction to resolve such
dispute.
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(c)
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The Lost
Profits of such Consumer Field User for a calendar year during the
Sublicense Term shall be determined as follows. Such Consumer Field
User shall retain, at its expense, a nationally-recognized economic
consulting firm to determine, for such year, on the basis of
accepted accounting, market research, sampling and survey
methodology, (A) the sales by Cynosure, Cynosure Affiliates,
Cynosure Sublicensees and Cynosure’s agents for such year of
Licensed Products, commercialized pursuant to the sublicense under
the Anderson Patents granted to Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates by
Palomar under Section 2.1(a), that displaced sales by or on
behalf of such Consumer Field User of products, intended for use in
the Consumer Field, that use optical radiation for therapeutic or
cosmetic effect, and (B) the sales of such products for such
year by such Consumer Field User and its affiliates, sublicensees
and agents that displaced sales of such Licensed Products by or on
behalf of Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates, (C) the average net
profit of such Consumer Field User for each unit of product sold
(on a country-by-country basis, as relevant), (D) the loss of sales
resulting from net off-label sales, calculated on the basis of (A)
and (B), and (E) the lost profits attributable to such net
off-label sales, calculated on the basis of (C) and (D)
(the “ Lost Profits ”). Such determinations
shall be summarized and documented in a report prepared by such
nationally-recognized economic consulting firm (the “
Independent Study ”).
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(d)
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All Consumer
Field Users, other than Palomar, are hereby granted third-party
beneficiary rights with respect to the provisions of this
Section 3.3 provided that Palomar has granted such Consumer
Field Users such rights in writing.
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(a)
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The provisions
of this Section 3 shall apply to Cynosure Sublicensees to the
same extent as Cynosure and Cynosure Affiliates. The provisions of
this Section 3 shall be in effect for only as long as the
Sublicense Term, and further shall be in effect with respect to any
particular Consumer Field User for only as long as such Consumer
Field User has an exclusive sublicense under the Anderson Patents
in a field that in whole or in part falls within the Consumer
Field, provided that the end of the Sublicense Term shall not
affect any obligations of Cynosure or Cynosure Affiliates under
this Section 3 that have accrued as of the end of the
Sublicense Term.
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(b)
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Palomar
represents and warrants to Cynosure as of the Effective Date that
the Gillette Agreement, excluding exhibits and redactions of other
commercially sensitive information, and attached hereto as of the
Effective Date as Appendix A , is true and complete and
in effect as of the Effective Date.
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4.1.
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Flow-Chart . Attached hereto as Exhibit G are
flow-charts showing how to determine royalty payments for the Sale
of Licensed Products in accordance with the provisions of this
Section 4. The Parties intend for those flow-charts and the
provisions of this Section 4 to be read and construed as one
document in order to understand the royalty obligations
hereunder.
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4.2.
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Royalties
Arising from Past Sales; Releases .
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(a)
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Payment . The Parties agree that (A) the aggregate
amount of royalties due for Sales of Licensed Products by Cynosure
and Cynosure Affiliates before October 1, 2006 is equal to Ten
Million U.S. Dollars (US$10,000,000), which the Parties understand
and agree is based on a royalty rate of seven and one half
percent (7.5%) of applicable Net Sales through September 30,
2006, in accordance with Section 4.4, and excludes all interest,
penalties or damages of any kind whatsoever accruing before October
1, 2006, and (B) for the avoidance of doubt, subject to payment of
the amount described in clause (A), Cynosure shall not be liable
for any interest, penalties or damages with respect to such
royalties due for Sales of Licensed Products by Cynosure and
Cynosure Affiliates before October 1, 2006, in accordance with the
release granted by Palomar in Section 4.2(b). Cynosure shall pay to
Palomar such amount within two (2) days of the Effective Date.
The payment required by this Section 4.2 shall be made by wire
transfer, without deduction for any taxes or other charges, as
provided in Section 4.11.
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(b)
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Release by
Palomar. Upon its receipt
of such payment set forth in Section 4.2(a), Palomar, for good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is
hereby acknowledged, shall release, acquit and forever discharge
Cynosure, each Cynosure Affiliate and each of their respective
current and former principals, officers, directors, equity holders,
members, employees, partners (whether general or limited),
distributors, attorneys, parents, affiliates, subsidiaries,
divisions, and successors and assigns (collectively, the “
Cynosure Group ”), of and from any and all manner of
obligations, damages, demands, costs, expenses, losses, liens,
debts and liabilities, and any and all claims, counterclaims and
causes of action (whether in law or equity) (collectively,
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