Exhibit 10.1
SENIOR SECURED CREDIT AGREEMENT
Dated
as of April 9, 2008
among
BORDERS GROUP, INC.
As Borrower
THE
GUARANTORS LISTED HEREUNDER
and
THE
LENDERS LISTED HEREUNDER
and
PERSHING SQUARE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.
As Administrative Agent
and
As
Collateral Agent
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| 1. |
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DEFINITIONS, RULES OF
INTERPRETATION, ETC. |
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1 |
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1.1. |
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Definitions |
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1 |
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1.2. |
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Rules of Interpretation |
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16 |
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1.3. |
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Accounting Principles |
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17 |
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| 2. |
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THE TERM LOAN
FACILITY |
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2.1. |
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Loan Commitment |
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2.1.1. Term Loan
Facility |
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2.1.2. Notice of
Borrowing |
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2.1.3. Deposit of
Commitment Amount |
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2.1.4. Lending
Obligation |
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2.1.5. Payment at
Maturity |
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2.2. |
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Premiums |
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2.2.1. Closing
Discount |
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2.2.2. Repayment
Premium |
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2.3. |
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Evidence of Loan Obligations |
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2.3.1. Notes |
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2.3.2. Delivery of
Notes |
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19 |
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2.4. |
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Interest on Loans |
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19 |
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2.4.1. Interest on
Loans |
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2.4.2. Maximum
Interest |
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2.5. |
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Allocation |
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| 3. |
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REPAYMENT OF THE
LOANS |
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20 |
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3.1. |
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Maturity |
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20 |
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3.2. |
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Voluntary Prepayments |
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21 |
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3.3. |
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Mandatory Prepayments |
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21 |
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3.4. |
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Application of Proceeds |
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21 |
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| 4. |
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CERTAIN GENERAL
PROVISIONS |
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4.1. |
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Funds for Payments |
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4.1.1. Payments to
Administrative Agent |
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21 |
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4.1.2. No Offset,
etc |
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21 |
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4.1.3. Non-U.S.
Lenders |
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22 |
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4.2. |
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Computations |
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23 |
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4.3. |
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Additional Costs, etc |
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23 |
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4.4. |
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Capital Adequacy |
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24 |
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4.5. |
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Certificate |
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25 |
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4.6. |
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Interest After Default |
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25 |
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4.6.1. Overdue
Amounts |
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25 |
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4.6.2. Amounts Not
Overdue |
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25 |
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4.7. |
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Replacement of Lenders |
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25 |
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-i-
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| 5. |
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GUARANTY AND COLLATERAL
SECURITY |
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26 |
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5.1. |
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Guaranty of Payment and
Performance |
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26 |
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5.2. |
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Guaranty Absolute |
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26 |
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5.3. |
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Effectiveness, Enforcement |
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28 |
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5.4. |
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Waiver |
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28 |
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5.5. |
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Subordination; Subrogation |
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28 |
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5.6. |
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Payments |
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29 |
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5.7. |
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Setoff |
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29 |
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5.8. |
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Further Assurances |
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30 |
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5.9. |
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Successors and Assigns |
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30 |
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5.10. |
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Contribution |
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30 |
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5.11. |
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Security of Borrower |
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30 |
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| 6. |
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REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES |
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31 |
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6.1. |
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Corporate Authority |
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31 |
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6.1.1. Incorporation; Good Standing |
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31 |
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6.1.2. Authorization |
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31 |
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6.1.3. Enforceability |
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31 |
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6.2. |
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Governmental Approvals |
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31 |
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6.3. |
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Title to Properties; Leases |
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32 |
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6.4. |
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Fiscal Year; Financial Statements and
Projections |
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32 |
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6.4.1. Fiscal
Year |
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32 |
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6.4.2. Financial
Statements |
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32 |
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6.4.3. Projections |
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32 |
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6.5. |
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No Material Adverse Effect, Etc |
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33 |
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6.6. |
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Intellectual Property |
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33 |
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6.6.1. Franchises,
Patents, Copyrights, Etc |
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6.6.2. Paperchase
Companies Intellectual Property |
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33 |
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6.7. |
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Litigation |
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33 |
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6.8. |
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No Materially Adverse Contracts,
Etc |
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33 |
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6.9. |
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Compliance With Other Instruments,
Laws, etc |
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34 |
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6.10. |
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Tax Status |
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34 |
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6.11. |
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No Event of Default |
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34 |
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6.12. |
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Holding Company and Investment
Company Acts |
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34 |
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6.13. |
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Certain Transactions |
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34 |
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6.14. |
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Employee Benefit Plans |
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34 |
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6.14.1. In
General |
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34 |
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6.14.2. Terminability of Welfare Plans |
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35 |
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6.14.3. Guaranteed
Pension Plans |
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35 |
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6.14.4. Multiemployer Plans |
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35 |
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6.15. |
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Use of Proceeds |
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36 |
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6.16. |
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Environmental Compliance |
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36 |
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6.17. |
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Subsidiaries |
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37 |
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6.18. |
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No Other Guarantors |
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38 |
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6.19. |
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Disclosure |
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38 |
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6.20. |
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Senior Debt Status |
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38 |
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6.21. |
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Solvency |
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38 |
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-ii-
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6.22. |
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Updates to Schedules |
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38 |
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6.23. |
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Insurance |
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39 |
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6.24. |
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Perfection of Security Interest |
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39 |
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6.25. |
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Foreign Assets Control Regulations,
Etc |
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39 |
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6.26. |
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No Additional Issuances |
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39 |
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6.27. |
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No Amendments |
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39 |
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6.28. |
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Existing Indebtedness |
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40 |
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| 7. |
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AFFIRMATIVE
COVENANTS |
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40 |
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7.1. |
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Punctual Payment |
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40 |
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7.2. |
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Maintenance of Office |
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40 |
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7.3. |
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Records and Accounts |
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40 |
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7.4. |
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Financial Statements, Certificates
and Information |
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40 |
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7.5. |
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Notices |
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42 |
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7.5.1. Defaults |
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42 |
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7.5.2. Environmental
Events |
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42 |
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7.5.3. Notice of
Litigation, Judgments and Claims Against Assets |
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42 |
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7.5.4. Notice
Regarding Certain Events |
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43 |
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7.5.5. Notices
Regarding Existing Credit Agreement |
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43 |
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7.6. |
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Legal Existence; Maintenance of
Properties |
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43 |
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7.7. |
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Taxes |
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44 |
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7.8. |
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Compliance with Laws, Contracts,
Licenses, and Permits |
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44 |
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7.9. |
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Employee Benefit Plans |
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44 |
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7.10. |
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Use of Proceeds |
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45 |
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7.11. |
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Subsidiary Guaranties |
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45 |
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7.12. |
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Further Assurances |
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45 |
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7.13. |
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Paperchase Companies as Separate
Entities |
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45 |
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7.14. |
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Permitted Restructuring
Transactions |
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45 |
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| 8. |
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CERTAIN NEGATIVE
COVENANTS |
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45 |
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8.1. |
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Restrictions on Indebtedness |
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45 |
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8.2. |
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Restrictions on Liens |
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46 |
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8.3. |
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Restrictions on Investments |
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49 |
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8.4. |
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Restricted Payments |
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51 |
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8.5. |
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Merger, Consolidation, Disposition of
Assets and Sale Leaseback Transactions |
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51 |
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8.5.1. Mergers and
Consolidations |
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52 |
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8.5.2. Disposition
of Assets |
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52 |
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8.6. |
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Acquisitions |
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54 |
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8.7. |
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Compliance with Environmental
Laws |
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55 |
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8.8. |
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Employee Benefit Plans |
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55 |
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8.9. |
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Business Activities |
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56 |
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8.10. |
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Fiscal Year |
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56 |
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8.11. |
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Transactions with Affiliates |
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56 |
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8.12. |
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Changes in Governing Documents |
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57 |
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8.13. |
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Inconsistent Agreements |
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57 |
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8.14. |
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Additional Paperchase Companies
Covenants |
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57 |
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8.15. |
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Permitted Restructuring
Transactions |
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58 |
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| 9. |
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CLOSING CONDITIONS. |
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58 |
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9.1. |
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Loan Documents |
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58 |
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9.2. |
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Certified Copies of Governing
Documents |
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58 |
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9.3. |
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Corporate or Other Action |
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58 |
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9.4. |
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Incumbency Certificate |
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59 |
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9.5. |
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UCC Search Results |
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59 |
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9.6. |
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Solvency Certificate |
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59 |
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9.7. |
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Opinion of Counsel |
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59 |
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9.8. |
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Payment of Premium and Expenses |
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59 |
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9.9. |
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Disbursement Instructions |
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59 |
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9.10. |
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Validity of Liens |
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59 |
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9.11. |
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Consents and Approvals |
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60 |
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9.12. |
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Other Transactions |
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60 |
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9.13. |
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Representations True; No Event of
Default |
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60 |
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9.14. |
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No Legal Impediment |
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60 |
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9.15. |
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Proceedings and Documents |
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60 |
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| 10. |
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[RESERVED] |
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61 |
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| 11. |
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EVENTS OF DEFAULT;
ACCELERATION; ETC. |
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61 |
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11.1. |
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Events of Default and
Acceleration |
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61 |
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11.2. |
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Remedies |
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64 |
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11.3. |
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Distribution of Proceeds |
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65 |
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| 12. |
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THE AGENTS. |
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65 |
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12.1. |
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Authorization |
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65 |
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12.2. |
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Employees and Agents |
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66 |
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12.3. |
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No Liability |
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67 |
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12.4. |
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No Representations |
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67 |
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12.4.1. General |
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67 |
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12.4.2. Closing
Documentation, Etc |
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68 |
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12.5. |
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Payments. |
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68 |
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12.5.1. Payments to
Administrative Agent |
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68 |
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12.5.2. Distribution
by Administrative Agent |
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68 |
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12.5.3. Delinquent
Lenders |
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69 |
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12.6. |
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Holders of Notes |
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69 |
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12.7. |
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Indemnity |
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69 |
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12.8. |
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The Agents as Lenders |
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70 |
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12.9. |
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Resignation |
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70 |
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12.10. |
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Notification of Defaults and Events
of Default |
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70 |
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12.11. |
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Administrative Agent May File Proofs
of Claim |
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70 |
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12.12. |
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Duties in the Case of
Enforcement |
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71 |
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12.13. |
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Release of Collateral and
Guarantors |
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71 |
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12.14. |
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Matters Relating to Collateral |
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72 |
|
-iv-
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| 13. |
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SUCCESSORS AND
ASSIGNS |
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72 |
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13.1. |
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General Conditions |
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72 |
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13.2. |
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Assignments |
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72 |
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13.3. |
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Register |
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73 |
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13.4. |
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Participations |
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73 |
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13.5. |
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Payments to Participants |
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74 |
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13.6. |
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Miscellaneous Assignment
Provisions |
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74 |
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13.7. |
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New Notes |
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74 |
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| 14. |
|
PROVISIONS OF GENERAL
APPLICATION |
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|
75 |
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14.1. |
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Setoff |
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75 |
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14.2. |
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Expenses |
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76 |
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14.3. |
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Indemnification |
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76 |
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14.4. |
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Treatment of Certain Confidential
Information |
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77 |
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14.4.1. Confidentiality |
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77 |
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14.4.2. Prior
Notification |
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78 |
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14.4.3. Other |
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78 |
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|
|
14.5. |
|
Survival of Covenants, Etc |
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
14.6. |
|
Notices |
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
14.7. |
|
GOVERNING LAW |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
14.8. |
|
Headings |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
14.9. |
|
Counterparts |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
14.10. |
|
Entire Agreement, Etc |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
14.11. |
|
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
14.12. |
|
Consents, Amendments, Waivers,
Etc |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
14.13. |
|
Severability |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 15. |
|
USA PATRIOT ACT
NOTICE |
|
|
82 |
|
EXHIBITS
| |
|
|
|
Exhibit A
|
|
Form of Pledge Agreement |
|
Exhibit B
|
|
Form of Promissory Note |
|
Exhibit C
|
|
Assignment and Acceptance |
|
Exhibit D
|
|
Form of Joinder Agreement |
SCHEDULES
| |
|
|
|
Schedule 1
|
|
Lenders and Commitments |
|
Schedule 6.3
|
|
Title to Properties; Leases |
|
Schedule 6.5
|
|
Restricted Payments |
|
Schedule 6.6.2
|
|
Intellectual Property |
|
Schedule 6.7
|
|
Litigation |
|
Schedule 6.13
|
|
Transactions with Affiliates |
-v-
| |
|
|
|
Schedule 6.16
|
|
Environmental Compliance |
|
Schedule 6.17
|
|
Subsidiaries, Etc. |
|
Schedule 6.23
|
|
Insurance |
|
Schedule 8.1
|
|
Existing Indebtedness |
|
Schedule 8.2
|
|
Existing Liens |
|
Schedule 8.3
|
|
Existing Investments |
-vi-
SENIOR SECURED CREDIT AGREEMENT
This
SENIOR SECURED CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Credit
Agreement”) is made as of April 9, 2008, by and among
(a) BORDERS GROUP, INC. (the “Borrower”), a
Michigan corporation, (b) BORDERS, INC., a Colorado
corporation (“Borders”), WALDEN BOOK COMPANY, INC., a
Colorado corporation (“Walden”), BGP (UK) LIMITED,
a company with limited liability organized under the laws of
England and Wales (“BGP (UK)”), BORDERS PROPERTIES,
INC., a Delaware corporation (“BPI”), BORDERS ONLINE,
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Online”),
BORDERS FULFILLMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation
(“Fulfillment”), BORDERS ONLINE, INC., a Colorado
corporation (“BOI” and together with Borders, Walden,
BGP(UK), BPI, Online and Fulfillment, the
“Guarantors”), (c) Pershing Square Credit Partners
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Pershing
Square” or a “Lender) and PSRH, Inc., a Cayman Islands
exempted company (a “Lender”, and collectively with
Pershing Square, the “Lenders”), (d) Pershing
Square Capital Management, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership
(“Pershing Square Capital”), as administrative agent
and as collateral agent for itself and the Lenders (in its capacity
as administrative agent, the “Administrative Agent”,
and in its capacity as collateral agent, the “Collateral
Agent”).
WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested
that the Lenders make available to it the Commitments, on the terms
and conditions set forth herein, to, among other things, fund
transaction costs, working capital requirements and other general
corporate purposes of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries; and
WHEREAS, the Lenders are willing to
make the Loans to the Borrower upon the terms and conditions set
forth herein;
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of
the premises and the covenants and agreements contained herein and
other good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency
of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree
as follows:
1.
DEFINITIONS, RULES OF INTERPRETATION, ETC.
1.1. Definitions . The
following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this
Section 1 or elsewhere in the provisions of this Credit
Agreement referred to below:
Accounts Receivable . All
rights of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to payment for
goods sold, leased or otherwise marketed in the ordinary course of
business and all rights of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries
to payment for services rendered in the ordinary course of business
and all sums of money or other proceeds due thereon pursuant to
transactions with account debtors, except for that portion of the
sum of money or other proceeds due thereon that relate to sales,
use or property taxes in conjunction with such transactions,
recorded on books of account in accordance with GAAP.
-1-
Acquisition . Any
transaction, or any series of related transactions, entered into or
consummated on or after the date of this Credit Agreement, by which
the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (a) acquires any
ongoing business or all or substantially all of the assets of any
Person or division thereof, whether through a purchase of assets,
merger or otherwise, or (b) directly or indirectly acquires (in one
transaction or as the most recent transaction in a series of
transactions) a majority of the securities of a corporation, which
securities have ordinary voting power for the election of directors
(other than securities having such power only by reason of the
happening of a contingency) or a majority (by percentage and voting
power) of the outstanding partnership interests of a partnership or
membership interests of a limited liability company.
Administrative Agent .
Pershing Square Capital acting as administrative agent for the
Lenders, and each other Person appointed as the successor
Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 12.9.
Administrative Agent Account.
Deposit account as the Administrative Agent may from time to time
specify in writing to the Borrower and the Lenders.
Administrative Agent’s
Office . The Administrative Agent’s office located at 888
Seventh Avenue, 29th Floor, New York, NY 10019 or at such other
location as the Administrative Agent may designate from time to
time.
Administrative Agent’s
Special Counsel . Sullivan & Cromwell LLP or such other
counsel as may be approved by the Administrative Agent.
Affected Lender. See
Section 4.7.
Affiliate . Any Person which,
directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under
common control with any Person. “Control” of a Person
means the power, directly or indirectly, (a) to vote five percent
(5%) or more of the Capital Stock (on a fully diluted basis) of
such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of
directors, managing members or general partners (as applicable); or
(b) to direct or cause the direction of the management and
policies of such Person (whether by contract or otherwise).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Lenders and Pershing Square
Capital shall not be an Affiliate of the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries and the Borrower and any of its Subsidiaries shall not
be an Affiliate of the Lenders or Pershing Square Capital for
purposes of this Credit Agreement.
Agents . Collectively, the
Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent.
Applicable Pension
Legislation . At any time, any pension or retirement benefits
legislation (be it national, federal, provincial, territorial or
otherwise) then applicable to the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries.
Approved Fund . Any Fund that
is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an
Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an
entity that administers or manages a Lender.
-2-
Assignment and Acceptance .
An assignment and acceptance entered into by a Lender and an
Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is
required by Section 13.2), and accepted by the Administrative
Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit C or any other
form approved by the Administrative Agent.
Authorized Officers . The
President, Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief
Financial Officer, Vice President – Financial Planning and
Reporting, Vice President – Finance and Asset Protection,
Associate Director, Treasury or Treasurer of the Borrower and with
respect to any Foreign Subsidiary, a director of such Foreign
Subsidiary or, in any case, any Person designated in writing by any
of the foregoing.
Balance Sheet Date .
February 2, 2008.
BGP (UK) . As defined in the
preamble hereto.
BOI . Borders Online, Inc., a
Colorado corporation.
Borders . As defined in the
preamble hereto.
Borders UK . As defined in
the preamble hereto.
Borrower . As defined in the
preamble hereto.
BPI . Borders Properties,
Inc., a Delaware corporation.
Business Day . Any day on
which banking institutions in New York, New York are open for the
transaction of banking business.
Capital Assets . Fixed
assets, both tangible (such as land, buildings, fixtures, machinery
and equipment) and intangible (such as Intellectual Property,
franchises and good will); provided that Capital Assets shall not
include any item customarily charged directly to expense or
depreciated over a useful life of twelve (12) months or less
in accordance with GAAP.
Capital Expenditures .
Amounts paid or Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries in connection with the purchase or lease by the
Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of Capital Assets that would be
required to be capitalized and shown on the balance sheet of such
Person in accordance with GAAP, provided that Capital Expenditures
shall not include any expenditures made to effect any
Acquisition.
Capital Stock . Any and all
shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however
designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all
equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a
corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to
purchase any of the foregoing.
Capitalized Leases . Leases
under which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is the lessee
or obligor, the discounted future rental payment obligations under
which are
-3-
required
to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee or obligor in
accordance with GAAP.
CERCLA . See
Section 6.16(a).
Change of Control . An event
or series of events by which (i) any Person or group of
Persons (within the meaning of Section 13 or 14 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934), excluding the Initial Investor
(as defined in the Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement in
effect on the date hereof), shall have acquired beneficial
ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated by the
SEC under said Act), directly or indirectly, of thirty-five percent
(35%) or more of the outstanding shares of common stock of the
Borrower, (ii) all or substantially all of the consolidated
assets of the Borrower are sold, leased, exchanged or transferred
to any Person or group of Persons (within the meaning of Section
13(d) or 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934),
(iii) the Borrower is consolidated, merged, amalgamated,
reorganized or otherwise enters into a similar transaction in which
it is combined with another Person other than the Initial Investor
(as defined in the Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement in
effect on the date hereof), unless the Persons who beneficially own
the outstanding Voting Securities (as defined in the Warrant and
Registration Rights Agreement in effect on the date hereof)
of the Company immediately before consummation of the
transaction beneficially own a majority of the outstanding Voting
Securities (as defined in the Warrant and Registration Rights
Agreement in effect on the date hereof) of the combined or
surviving entity immediately thereafter, (iv) the majority of
the seats (other than vacant seats) on the board of the
directors of the Borrower (or similar governing body) ceases
to be occupied by Persons who either (a) were members of
the board of directors of the Borrower on the date hereof
or (b) were nominated for election by the board of directors
of the Borrower, a majority of whom were directors on the date
hereof or whose election or nomination for election was previously
approved by a majority of such directors or (v) the
approval by the holders of capital stock of the Borrower of any
plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the
Borrower.
Closing Date . The Business
Day, on or before April 10, 2008, on which the conditions set
forth in Section 9 have been satisfied (or waived in
accordance with terms of this Credit Agreement).
Closing Discount . See
Section 2.2.1.
Code . The Internal Revenue
Code of 1986.
Collateral . All of the
property, rights and interests that are or are intended to be
subject to the Liens created by the Pledge Agreement.
Collateral Agent . Pershing
Square Capital.
Commitment . With respect to
any Lender, the obligation of such Lender to make a Loan pursuant
to the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement, and which
shall not exceed the principal amount set forth opposite such
Lender’s name on Schedule 1 under the heading
“Commitment”, and “Commitments” means the
aggregate principal
-4-
amount
of the Commitments of all the Lenders (it being understood and
agreed that the maximum aggregate principal amount of the
Commitments shall be $42,500,000).
Commitment Letter. Commitment
letter by Pershing Square Capital and the Borrower, dated
March 19, 2008, containing the summaries and proposed terms
and conditions for the Term Loan Facility, the Purchase Offer and
the Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement, including all
exhibits attached thereto.
Consolidated or consolidated
. With reference to any term defined herein, shall mean that term
as applied to the accounts of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries,
consolidated in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated Net Income (or
Deficit) . The consolidated net income (or deficit) of the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries, after deduction of all expenses,
taxes, and other proper charges, determined in accordance with
GAAP.
Consolidated Tangible Net
Worth . The excess of Consolidated Total Assets over
Consolidated Total Liabilities, and less the sum of:
(a) the total book value of all
assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries properly classified as
intangible assets under GAAP, including such items as good will,
the purchase price of acquired assets in excess of the fair market
value thereof, Intellectual Property and licenses, and rights with
respect to the foregoing; plus
(b) all amounts representing any
write-up in the book value of any assets of the Borrower or its
Subsidiaries resulting from a revaluation thereof subsequent to the
Balance Sheet Date, excluding adjustments to translate foreign
assets and liabilities for changes in foreign exchange rates made
in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement
No. 52; plus
(c) to the extent otherwise
includable in the computation of Consolidated Tangible Net Worth,
any subscriptions receivable.
Consolidated Total Assets .
The sum of all assets (“consolidated balance sheet
assets”) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries determined on a
consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated Total
Liabilities . All liabilities of the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with
GAAP and classified as such on the consolidated balance sheet of
the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.
Contract. See
Section 6.8.
Credit Agreement . This
Senior Secured Credit Agreement, including the Schedules and
Exhibits hereto.
Default . See
Section 11.1.
-5-
Delinquent Lender . See
Section 12.5.3.
Disposition. Any transaction,
or series of related transactions, pursuant to which the Borrower
or any of its Subsidiaries conveys, sells, leases or subleases,
assigns, transfers or otherwise disposes of any part of its
business, property or assets (whether now owned or hereafter
acquired) to any other Person, in each case whether or not the
consideration therefor consists of cash, securities or other
assets, excluding any sales of inventory in the ordinary course of
business.
Distribution . The
declaration or payment of any dividend on or in respect of any
shares of any class of Capital Stock of a Person, other than
dividends payable solely in shares of common stock of such Person;
the purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement or other
acquisition of any shares of any class of Capital Stock of a
Person, directly or indirectly through a Subsidiary of such Person
or otherwise (including the setting apart of assets for a sinking
or other analogous fund to be used for such purpose); the return of
capital by a Person to its shareholders as such; or any other
distribution on or in respect of any shares of any class of Capital
Stock of such Person.
Dollars or $ . Dollars in
lawful currency of the United States of America.
Domestic Lending Office . The
office of each Lender designated as such in Schedule 1
hereto.
Domestic Subsidiary . Any
Subsidiary of the Borrower organized under the laws of the United
States of America, any state or territory thereof or the District
of Columbia.
Eligible Assignee . Any of
(a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender, (c) an
Approved Fund or (d) any other Person (other than a natural
person) (i) approved by the Administrative Agent, and
(ii) unless a Default or an Event of Default has occurred and
is continuing, approved by the Borrower (each such approval not to
be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided that notwithstanding
the foregoing, “Eligible Assignee” shall not include
the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or
Subsidiaries.
Employee Benefit Plan . Any
employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of
ERISA maintained or contributed to by the Borrower or any ERISA
Affiliate, other than a Guaranteed Pension Plan or a Multiemployer
Plan.
Environmental Laws . See
Section 6.16(a).
EPA . See
Section 6.16(b).
ERISA . The Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
ERISA Affiliate . Any Person
which is treated as a single employer with any of the Borrower
under Section 414 of the Code.
-6-
ERISA Reportable Event . A
reportable event with respect to a Guaranteed Pension Plan within
the meaning of Section 4043 of ERISA and the regulations
promulgated thereunder.
Event of Default . See
Section 11.1.
Exchange Rate . At any date
of determination thereof, the Spot Rate of exchange for the
conversion of a currency not denominated in Dollars into Dollars
and with respect to Dollars, at any date of determination thereof,
the Spot Rate of exchange for the conversion of Dollars into the
applicable currency not denominated in Dollars.
Existing Credit Agreement .
Second Amended and Restated Multicurrency Revolving Credit
Agreement dated as of July 31, 2006, as amended from time to
time, by and among the Borrower, the co-borrowers therein, the
guarantors therein, the lenders therein and Bank of America as
administrative agent.
Financial Affiliate . A
Subsidiary of the bank holding company controlling any Lender,
which Subsidiary is engaging in any of the activities permitted by
Section 4(e) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C.
Section 1843).
Fiscal Quarter . Subject to
Section 6.4.1, for the first three Fiscal Quarters of each
year, the 13 week period commencing on the day after the last
day of the preceding Fiscal Quarter and for the fourth Fiscal
Quarter of each year, the period commencing on the day after the
last day of the third Fiscal Quarter and ending on the Saturday
closest to January 31 of each year. As used herein, “FQ1
2xxx” refers to the first Fiscal Quarter of the 2xxx Fiscal
Year, “FQ2 2xxx” refers to the second Fiscal Quarter of
the 2xxx Fiscal Year and so on.
Fiscal Year . Subject to
Section 6.4.1, the 52/53 week period commencing on the
day after the last day of the preceding Fiscal Year and ending on
the Saturday closest to January 31 of each year. By way of
illustration, the Borrower’s 2007 Fiscal Year ended
February 2, 2008.
Foreign Subsidiary . Any
Subsidiary of the Borrower (other than BGP (UK)) organized under
the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States of
America, any state or territory thereof or the District of
Columbia.
Fulfillment . Borders
Fulfillment, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
Fund . Any Person (other than
a natural person) that is (or will be) engaged in making,
purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and
similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its
business.
GAAP or generally accepted
accounting principles . In case of a US Person, principles that
are (i) consistent with the principles promulgated or adopted
by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and its predecessors,
as in effect from time to time, and (ii) consistently applied
with past financial statements of the Borrower adopting the same
principles. In the case of the Paperchase Companies, principles
that are (i)
-7-
consistent with the International Financial Reporting Standards,
and (ii) consistently applied with past financial statements
of the Paperchase Companies adopting the same principles.
Governing Documents . With
respect to any Person, its certificate or articles of incorporation
or organization, its by-laws, or, as the case may be, its
certificate of formation, limited partnership certificate,
operating agreement, limited partnership agreement or other
constitutive documents and all shareholder agreements, voting
trusts and similar arrangements applicable to any of its Capital
Stock.
Governmental Authority . Any
foreign, federal, state, regional, local, municipal or other
government, or any department, commission, board, bureau, agency,
public authority or instrumentality thereof, or any court or
arbitrator.
Guaranteed Obligations . See
Section 5.1.
Guaranteed Pension Plan . Any
employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of
Section 3(2) of ERISA maintained or contributed to by the
Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate the benefits of which are
guaranteed on termination in full or in part by the PBGC pursuant
to Title IV of ERISA, other than a Multiemployer Plan.
Guarantors . Borders, Walden,
BGP(UK), BPI, Online, Fulfillment, BOI, and any Subsidiary of the
Borrower which executes a Joinder Agreement as a Guarantor of all
of the obligations pursuant to the provisions of this Credit
Agreement after the Closing Date.
Guaranty . The guarantee made
by each Guarantor set forth in Section 5 of this Credit
Agreement.
Hazardous Substances . See
Section 6.16(b).
Hedging Agreement .
(a) Any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit
derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity
swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or
equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index
swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward
bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign
exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar
transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap
transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other
similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing
(including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether
or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master
agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and
the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and
conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement
published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association,
Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any
other master agreement (any such master agreement, together with
any related schedules, a “Master Agreement”), including
any such obligations or liabilities under any Master
Agreement.
Highest Lawful Rate. See
Section 2.4.2.
-8-
Indebtedness . As to any
Person and whether recourse is secured by or is otherwise available
against all or only a portion of the assets of such Person and
whether or not contingent, but without duplication:
(a) every obligation of such Person
for money borrowed,
(b) every obligation of such Person
evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments,
including obligations incurred in connection with the acquisition
of property, assets or businesses,
(c) every reimbursement obligation of
such Person with respect to letters of credit, bankers’
acceptances or similar facilities issued for the account of such
Person,
(d) every obligation of such Person
issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or
services (including securities repurchase agreements but excluding
trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the
ordinary course of business which are not overdue or which are
being contested in good faith),
(e) every obligation of such Person
under any Capitalized Lease,
(f) every obligation of such Person
under any Synthetic Lease,
(g) all sales by such Person of
(i) accounts or general intangibles for money due or to become
due, (ii) chattel paper, instruments or documents creating or
evidencing a right to payment of money or (iii) other
receivables (collectively “receivables”), whether
pursuant to a purchase facility or otherwise, other than in
connection with the disposition of the business operations of such
Person relating thereto or a disposition of defaulted receivables
for collection and not as a financing arrangement, and together
with any obligation of such Person to pay any discount, interest,
fees, indemnities, penalties, recourse, expenses or other amounts
in connection therewith,
(h) every obligation of such Person
(an “equity related purchase obligation”) to purchase,
redeem, retire or otherwise acquire for value any shares of Capital
Stock issued by such Person or any rights measured by the value of
such Capital Stock,
(i) every obligation of such Person
under any forward contract, futures contract, swap, option or other
financing agreement or arrangement (including, without limitation,
caps, floors, collars and similar agreements), the value of which
is dependent upon interest rates, currency exchange rates,
commodities or other indices (a “derivative
contract”),
(j) every obligation in respect of
Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in
which such Person is a general partner) to the extent that such
Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s
ownership interest
-9-
in or other
relationship with such entity, except to the extent that the terms
of such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable
therefor and such terms are enforceable under applicable law,
(k) every obligation, contingent or
otherwise, of such Person guaranteeing, or having the economic
effect of guarantying or otherwise acting as surety for, any
obligation of a type described in any of clauses (a) through
(j) (the “primary obligation”) of another Person (the
“primary obligor”), in any manner, whether directly or
indirectly, and including, without limitation, any obligation of
such Person (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds
for the purchase of) any security for the payment of such primary
obligation, (ii) to purchase property, securities or services
for the purpose of assuring the payment of such primary obligation,
or (iii) to maintain working capital, equity capital or other
financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor
so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such primary
obligation.
The “amount” or
“principal amount” of any Indebtedness at any time of
determination represented by (t) any Indebtedness, issued at a
price that is less than the principal amount at maturity thereof,
shall be the amount of the liability in respect thereof determined
in accordance with GAAP, (u) any Capitalized Lease shall be
the principal component of the aggregate of the rentals obligation
under such Capitalized Lease payable over the term thereof that is
not subject to termination by the lessee, (v) any sale of
receivables shall be the amount of unrecovered capital or principal
investment of the purchaser (other than the Borrower or any of its
Wholly-owned Subsidiaries) thereof, excluding amounts
representative of yield or Interest earned on such investment,
(w) any Synthetic Lease shall be the stipulated loss value,
termination value or other equivalent amount, (x) any
derivative contract shall be the maximum amount of any termination
or loss payment required to be paid by such Person if such
derivative contract were, at the time of determination, to be
terminated by reason of any event of default or early termination
event thereunder, whether or not such event of default or early
termination event has in fact occurred, (y) any equity related
purchase obligation shall be the maximum fixed redemption or
purchase price thereof inclusive of any accrued and unpaid
dividends to be comprised in such redemption or purchase price and
(z) any guaranty or other contingent liability referred to in
clause (k) shall be an amount equal to the stated or
determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which
such guaranty or other contingent obligation is made or, if not
stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated
liability in respect thereof (assuming such Person is required to
perform thereunder) as determined by such Person in good
faith.
Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary in this definition of Indebtedness, the obligations
(whether for cash, common shares of the Borrower or otherwise) of
the Borrower and its Subsidiaries to settle the warrants pursuant
to the Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement, any stock
appreciation rights issued in lieu thereof or any debt or equity
instruments (including interest and fees thereon) issued as a
result of or in connection with the deferral of any payment in
respect of the warrants pursuant to the Warrant and Registration
Rights Agreement or any settlement, exercise, purchase,
-10-
redemption, defeasance, retirement, payment, acquisition or
otherwise thereof shall not constitute Indebtedness
hereunder.
Insolvency Proceeding . As to
any Person, any of the following: (i) any case or proceeding,
whether voluntary or involuntary, with respect to such Person under
the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or any other Federal, state or foreign
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other law affecting
creditors’ rights or any other or similar proceedings seeking
any stay, reorganization, arrangement, composition or readjustment
of the obligations and indebtedness of such Person or (ii) any
proceeding seeking the appointment of any trustee, receiver,
liquidator, custodian, administrator or other insolvency official
with similar powers with respect to such Person or any of its
assets or (iii) any proceeding for liquidation, dissolution or
other winding up of the business of such Person or (iv) any
assignment for the benefit of creditors or any marshalling of
assets of such Person.
Intellectual Property. See
Section 6.6.2.
Interest Payment Date . The
first Business Day of the calendar month for the immediately
preceding calendar month with respect to interest accrued during
such calendar month. “Interest Payment Date” shall also
include (a) with respect to the amount of the Loan prepaid,
the date of such repayment and (b) the Maturity Date.
Interest Rate . 9.8% per
annum, calculated on a 365/366 day basis.
Investments . All
expenditures made and all liabilities incurred (contingently or
otherwise) by any Person for the acquisition of stock, membership
interests, partnership interests or other equity interests, other
than repurchases or redemptions of stock, membership interests,
partnership interests or other equity interests of such Person, or
Indebtedness of, or for loans, advances, capital contributions or
transfers of property to, or in respect of any guaranties (or other
commitments as described under Indebtedness), or obligations of,
any Person. In determining the aggregate amount of Investments
outstanding at any particular time: (a) the amount of any
Investment represented by a guaranty shall be taken at not less
than the principal amount of the obligations guaranteed and still
outstanding; (b) there shall be deducted in respect of each
such Investment any amount received as a return of capital (but
only by repurchase, redemption, retirement, repayment, liquidating
dividend or liquidating distribution); (c) there shall not be
deducted in respect of any Investment any amounts received as
earnings on such Investment, whether as dividends, interest or
otherwise; (d) there shall not be deducted from the aggregate
amount of Investments any decrease in the value thereof; and
(e) the amount of any Investment made by a transfer of
property shall be valued at the fair market value of such
transferred property at the time of such transfer.
Joinder Agreements . Joinder
agreements in substantially the form of Exhibit D hereto
pursuant to which Subsidiaries of the Borrower become parties to
and agree to be bound by the provisions of this Credit Agreement as
a Guarantor.
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Joint Venture . Any
corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture
or other entity in which the Borrower and its Subsidiaries own not
more than 50% of the capital stock, partnership interests,
membership interests or other ownership interests and which does
not meet the definition of “Subsidiary” herein.
Lender Affiliate . With
respect to any Lender, (a) an Affiliate of such Lender or
(b) any Approved Fund.
Lenders . Pershing Square and
PSRH, Inc., together with their respective successors and permitted
assigns.
Lien . Any mortgage, deed of
trust, security interest, charge, pledge, hypothecation,
assignment, attachment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien
(statutory, judgment or otherwise, but excluding any right of set
off arising by operation of law or pursuant to agreements entered
into in the ordinary course of business), or other security
agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature
whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention
agreement, any Capitalized Lease, any Synthetic Lease, any
financing lease involving substantially the same economic effect as
any of the foregoing and the filing of any financing statement
under the Uniform Commercial Code or comparable law of any
jurisdiction).
Loan Documents or Finance
Documents . This Credit Agreement, the Pledge Agreement, the
Joinder Agreements and any other instruments, certificates or
documents delivered or contemplated to be delivered hereunder or
thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith (excluding
Hedging Agreements).
Loans . Loans under the Term
Loan Facility.
Material Adverse Effect .
With respect to any event or occurrence of whatever nature
(including any adverse determination in any litigation, arbitration
or governmental investigation or proceeding):
(a) a material adverse effect on the
business, properties, prospects, condition (financial or
otherwise), assets, operations or income of the Borrower,
individually, or the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole;
(b) a material adverse effect on the
ability of the Borrower or any of the Guarantors, taken as a whole,
to perform any of its Obligations under any of the Loan Documents
to which it is a party;
(c) a material adverse effect on the
business, properties, prospects, condition (financial or
otherwise), assets, operations or income of the Paperchase
Companies, taken as a whole;
(d) a material adverse effect on the
value of the Pledged Shares as pledged to the Collateral Agent or
the Collateral Agent’s Lien with respect to the Pledged
Shares or the right and remedies of the Collateral Agent and the
Lenders relating thereto;
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or
(e) any material impairment of the
validity, binding effect or enforceability of this Credit Agreement
or any of the other Loan Documents or any material impairment of
the rights, remedies or benefits available to any Agent or any
Lender under any Loan Document.
Maturity Date .
January 15, 2009.
Multiemployer Plan . Any
multiemployer plan within the meaning of Section 3(37) of
ERISA maintained or contributed to by the Borrower or any ERISA
Affiliate.
Net Cash Proceeds. Cash or
cash equivalents received by the Borrower or any Subsidiary from
time to time in connection with a Disposition (whether as initial
consideration or through the payment of deferred consideration)
other than any Disposition pursuant to Section 8.5.2(a)-(g)
inclusive after deducting therefrom only reasonable fees and
expenses related thereto incurred by the Borrower or such
Subsidiary in connection therewith and, in connection with a
Disposition of or by the Paperchase Companies, any Indebtedness of
a Paperchase Company required to be paid in connection
therewith.
Note. See
Section 2.3.1.
Obligations . All of the
Borrower’s obligations under this Credit Agreement.
Online . Borders Online, LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company.
outstanding . With respect to
the Loans, the aggregate unpaid principal thereof as of any date of
determination.
Paperchase. Paperchase
Products Ltd.
Paperchase Businesses.
Paperchase and its Subsidiaries and Superstores and its
Subsidiaries, together with their respective assets and
businesses.
Paperchase Companies.
Paperchase and its Subsidiaries and Superstores and its
Subsidiaries.
Participant . See
Section 13.4.
PBGC . The Pension Benefit
Guaranty Corporation created by Section 4002 of ERISA and any
successor entity or entities having similar responsibilities.
Person . Any individual,
corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited
liability partnership, trust, other unincorporated association,
business, or other legal entity, and any Governmental
Authority.
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Permitted Liens. Liens
permitted by Section 8.2.
Permitted Restructuring
Transactions. As defined in the Existing Credit Agreement in
effect on the date hereof.
Pershing Square Capital . As
defined in the preamble hereto.
Pledge Agreement. Deed of
Charge over Shares, dated April 9, 2008, by the Pledgor in
favor of the Collateral Agent, in the form of Exhibit A
attached hereto.
Pledged Shares. See
Section 5.11.
Pledgor. BGP (UK).
Premiums . Collectively, the
Closing Discount and the Repayment Premium.
Property . Any and all
property and assets, whether real, personal, tangible, intangible
or mixed, and owned, licensed and leased (including pursuant to
Capitalized Leases), of any Person.
Purchase Offer. See
Section 6.15.
RCRA . See
Section 6.16(a).
Real Estate . All real
property at any time owned or leased (as lessee or sublessee) by
the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.
Record . The grid attached to
a Note, or the continuation of such grid, or any other similar
record, including computer records, maintained by any Lender with
respect to the Loan referred to in such Note.
Register . See
Section 13.3.
Related Parties . With
respect to any specified Person, such Person’s Affiliates and
the respective directors, officers, employees, agents and advisors
of such Person and such Person’s Affiliates.
Replacement Lender. See
Section 4.7.
Restricted Payment . In
relation to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, any
(a) Distribution, (b) payment in cash or other property
(other than common shares or additional warrants or rights to
acquire common shares or other equity securities or stock
appreciation rights of the Borrower) arising or resulting from the
settlement, exercise, purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement,
payment, acquisition or otherwise of the warrants pursuant to the
Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement or any debt or equity
instruments (including interest and fees thereon) issued as a
result of or in connection with the deferral of any payment in
respect of the warrants pursuant to the
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Warrant
and Registration Rights Agreement or any settlement, exercise,
purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement, payment, acquisition
or otherwise thereof or (c) derivatives or other transactions
(other than pursuant to the Transactions or employee stock options,
stock appreciation rights or similar instruments issued to
employees in the ordinary course of business) obligating the
Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to make payments to any Person
as a result of any change in market value of any Capital Stock of
the Borrower or such Subsidiary.
Required Lenders. Lenders
holding more than 50% of the total Commitment of the aggregate
outstanding principal amount of the Loans.
Same Day Funds . Immediately
available funds.
SARA . See
Section 6.16(a).
Solvent . With respect to any
Person on a particular date, that on such date (a) the fair
value of the Property of such Person is greater than the total
amount of liabilities, including, without limitation, contingent
liabilities, of such Person, (b) the present fair saleable
value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that
will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on
its debts as they become absolute and matured, (c) such Person
is able to realize upon its assets and pay its debts and other
liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they
mature in the normal course of business, (d) such Person does
not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or
liabilities beyond such Person’s ability to pay as such debts
and liabilities mature, and (e) such Person is not engaged in
business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business
or a transaction, for which such Person’s property would
constitute unreasonably small capital after giving due
consideration to the prevailing practice in the industry in which
such Person is engaged. In computing the amount of contingent
liabilities at any time, it is intended that such liabilities will
be computed at the amount which, in light of all the facts and
circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can
reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured
liability.
Subsidiary . With respect to
any Person (the “parent”) at any date, any corporation,
limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity
the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the
parent in the parent’s consolidated financial statements if
such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP as
of such date, as well as any other corporation, limited liability
company, partnership, association or other entity (a) of which
securities or other ownership interests representing more than 50%
of the equity or more than 50% of the ordinary voting power or, in
the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the general partnership
interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, or
(b) that is, as of such date, otherwise controlled, directly
or indirectly, by the parent or one or more subsidiaries of the
parent.
Superstores. Borders
Superstores (UK) Limited.
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Synthetic Lease . Any lease
of goods or other property, whether real or personal, which is
treated as an operating lease under GAAP and as a loan or financing
for U.S. income tax purposes.
Term Loan Facility. See
Section 2.1.1.
Transactions. Transactions
contemplated by this Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents,
the Purchase Offer and the Warrant and Registration Rights
Agreement, including without limitation the performance by the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries of their respective obligations
thereunder.
Total Commitment . See
Section 2.1.1.
Total Facility Usage Ratio.
As defined in the Existing Credit Agreement in effect on the date
hereof.
Walden . As defined in the
preamble hereto.
Warrant and Registration Rights
Agreement. See Section 6.15.
Wholly-owned Subsidiary . Any
Subsidiary of the Borrower of which all of the outstanding shares
of capital stock or other equity interests are owned by the
Borrower (whether directly or through one or more Wholly-owned
Subsidiaries of the Borrower) except for directors’
qualifying shares in jurisdictions where such qualifying shares are
required.
1.2. Rules of Interpretation
.
(a) A reference to any document
or agreement shall include such document or agreement as amended,
modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its
terms and the terms of this Credit Agreement.
(b) The singular includes the
plural and the plural includes the singular.
(c) A reference to any law
includes any amendment or modification to such law.
(d) A reference to any Person
includes its permitted successors and permitted assigns.
(e) Accounting terms not
otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them by GAAP
applied on a consistent basis by the accounting entity to which
they refer.
(f) The words
“include”, “includes” and
“including” are not limiting.
(g) All terms not specifically
defined herein or by GAAP, which terms are defined in the Uniform
Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York, have
the
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meanings
assigned to them therein, with the term “instrument”
being that defined under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial
Code.
(h) Reference to a particular
“Section “ refers to that section of this Credit
Agreement unless otherwise indicated.
(i) The words
“herein”, “hereof”, “hereunder”
and words of like import shall refer to this Credit Agreement as a
whole and not to any particular section or subdivision of this
Credit Agreement.
(j) Unless otherwise expressly
indicated, in the computation of periods of time from a specified
date to a later specified date, the word “from” means
“from and including,” the words “to” and
“until” each mean “to but excluding,” and
the word “through” means “to and
including.”
(k) This Credit Agreement and
the other Loan Documents may use several different limitations,
tests or measurements to regulate the same or similar matters. All
such limitations, tests and measurements are, however, cumulative
and are to be performed in accordance with the terms thereof.
(l) This Credit Agreement and
the other Loan Documents are the result of negotiation among, and
have been reviewed by counsel to, among others, the Administrative
Agent and the Borrower and are the product of discussions and
negotiations among all parties. Accordingly, this Credit Agreement
and the other Loan Documents are not intended to be construed
against any Agent or any of the Lenders merely on account of any
Agent’s or any Lender’s involvement in the preparation
of such documents.
1.3. Accounting Principles .
Except as otherwise provided in this Credit Agreement, all
computations and determinations as to accounting or financial
matters and all financial statements to be delivered pursuant to
this Credit Agreement shall be made and prepared in accordance with
GAAP (including principles of consolidation where appropriate);
provided, however, that if any change in GAAP or the application
thereof occurs hereafter, or if the Borrower adopts a change to its
accounting principles or methods with the agreement of its
independent certified public accountants, and such change results
in a change in the calculation of any financial covenant or
restriction set forth herein, then the parties hereto agree to
enter into and diligently pursue negotiations in order to amend
such financial covenant or restriction so as to equitably reflect
such change, with the desired result that the criteria for
evaluating the financial condition and results of operations of the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be the same after such change
as if such change had not been made. Pending the resolution of any
such negotiations, the Borrower agree to provide to each of the
Lenders such unaudited financial information and pro forma
statements using the accounting methods and principles used in the
preparation of the audited financial statements for the fiscal year
ended as of the Balance Sheet Date, as are necessary to enable the
Lenders to test the financial covenants contained herein.
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2.
THE TERM LOAN FACILITY.
2.1. Loan Commitment .
2.1.1. Term Loan Facility.
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Lender
hereby severally agrees to make a term loan (each, a
“Loan”) in the principal amount set forth opposite each
such Lender’s name on Schedule 1 hereto to the Borrower
on the Closing Date, in accordance with this Section 2.1. The
aggregate principal amount under this senior secured term loan
facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) of the Loans to be
advanced will be $42,500,000 (the “Total Commitment”).
An increase in the Total Commitment requires consent of the
Required Lenders (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement in
effect on the date hereof). Amounts repaid or prepaid may not be
reborrowed.
2.1.2. Notice of Borrowing. If
the Borrower desires to borrow under Section 2.1.1 the
Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a Notice of
Borrowing not later than 9:00 a.m. on the Closing Date. Such Notice
of Borrowing shall specify the proposed Closing Date, which must be
a Business Day. The Notice of Borrowing given pursuant to this
Section 2.1.2 shall be irrevocable and binding on the
Borrower.
2.1.3. Deposit of Commitment
Amount. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each
Lender of the Loans requested by the Borrower. Each Lender shall
deposit in the Administrative Agent Account an amount equal to its
Commitment, in immediately available funds, not later than
12:00 p.m. on the Closing Date. Subject to the satisfaction of
the conditions precedent set forth in Section 9, the
Administrative Agent shall make the proceeds of the Loans received
by it available to the Borrower on the Closing Date.
2.1.4. Lending Obligation.
Except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.1.4, the Loans
under this Credit Agreement shall be made by the Lenders
simultaneously and proportionately. The failure of any Lender to
deposit the amount described in 2.1.1 above with the Administrative
Agent on the Closing Date shall not relieve any other Lender of its
obligations hereunder to make its Loan on the Closing Date. In the
event of any failure by any other Lender to perform its obligation
to make a Loan hereunder, Pershing Square Capital shall make such
Loan to the Borrower.
2.1.5. Payment at Maturity.
The aggregate principal amount of the Loans shall be payable in
Dollars on the Maturity Date.
2.2. Premiums .
2.2.1. Closing Discount . The
Borrower agrees to pay to Pershing Square Capital for the account
of the Lenders on the Closing Date an amount (the “Closing
Discount”) in Dollars equal to 2.25% of the Total Commitment.
The payment of the Closing Discount shall be deducted from the
principal amount of
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the Loans such
that, for the avoidance of doubt, the net amount advanced to the
Borrower under the Term Loan Facility is $41,543,750.
2.2.2. Repayment Premium . The
Borrower agrees to pay to Pershing Square Capital for the account
of the Lenders on the date of the repayment of the Loans an amount
(the “Repayment Premium”) in Dollars equal to 2.25% of
the principal amount of the Loans then repaid. Payment of the
Repayment Premium shall be a condition to the effectiveness of the
repayment of the principal amount of the Loans.
2.3. Evidence of Loan
Obligations .
2.3.1. Notes. The
Borrower’s obligation to pay the principal of, and interest
on, the Loans made to the Borrower by each Lender shall be set
forth on the Register maintained by the Administrative Agent
pursuant to Section 13.3 and, subject to the provisions of
Section 2.3.2, shall be evidenced by a promissory note
substantially in the form of Exhibit B with blanks
appropriately completed in conformity herewith (each, as the same
may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to
time, a “Note”).
2.3.2. Delivery of Notes.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above or
elsewhere in this Agreement, Notes shall only be delivered to
Lenders which at any time specifically request the delivery of such
Notes. No failure of any Lender to request or obtain a Note
evidencing its Loans to the Borrower shall affect or in any manner
impair the obligations of the Borrower to pay the Loans (and all
related Obligations) which would otherwise be evidenced thereby in
accordance with the requirements of this Agreement, and shall not
in any way affect the security or Guaranties therefor provided
pursuant to the Loan Documents. At any time when any Lender
requests the delivery of a Note to evidence any of its Loans, the
Borrower shall promptly execute and deliver to that Lender the
requested Note in the appropriate amount or amounts to evidence
such Loans.
2.4. Interest on Loans .
Except as otherwise provided in Section 4.6,
2.4.1. Interest on Loans. The
Borrower agrees to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of
each Loan on each Interest Payment Date from the date of such Loan
until such Loan is repaid in full at a rate equal to the Interest
Rate for such Loan. The Borrower shall pay accrued and unpaid
interest on the Loans in cash on each Interest Payment Date. All
computations of interest hereunder shall be made on the actual
number of days elapsed over a year of 365/366 days.
2.4.2. Maximum Interest.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this
Section 2.4.2, if at any time until payment in full of the
Loans, the interest rate payable on any Loan exceeds the highest
rate of interest permissible under any law which a court of
competent jurisdiction shall deem applicable
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hereto (the
“Highest Lawful Rate”), then in such event and so long
as the Highest Lawful Rate would be so exceeded, the rate of
interest payable on such Loans shall be equal to the Highest Lawful
Rate. Thereafter, the interest rate payable on such Loans shall be
the applicable interest rate pursuant to Section 2.4.1 above
unless and until such rate again exceeds the Highest Lawful Rate,
in which event this paragraph shall again apply. In no event shall
the total interest received by any Lender for any Loans pursuant to
the terms hereof exceed the amount which it could lawfully have
received for such Loans had the interest due hereunder for such
Loans been calculated for the full term thereof at the Highest
Lawful Rate. Interest on the Highest Lawful Rate shall be
calculated at a daily rate equal to the Highest Lawful Rate divided
by the number of days in the year in which such calculation is
made. In the event that a court of competent jurisdiction,
notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 2.4.2, shall
make a determination that a Lender has received interest hereunder
or under any of the Loan Documents in excess of the Highest Lawful
Rate, such Lender shall, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law,
promptly apply such excess first to any interest due or accrued and
not yet paid under the Loans, then to the outstanding principal of
the Loans, then to other unpaid Obligations and thereafter shall
refund any excess to the Borrower or as a court of competent
jurisdiction may otherwise order.
2.5. Allocation. The Borrower,
on the one hand, and Pershing Square Capital and its managed funds
and affiliates, on the other hand, as parties to this Credit
Agreement, the Purchase Offer and the Warrant and Registration
Rights Agreement, agree to work together in good faith to agree on
amounts to be allocated for U.S. federal tax purposes to the Term
Loan Facility and to the warrants to be issued as of the date
hereof pursuant to the Warrant and Registration Rights Agreement
(such allocations, the “Tax Allocations”), and further
agree that if they do not agree on Tax Allocations initially, they
will appoint a mutually satisfactory valuation expert (such as an
accounting firm of national standing) to determine the Tax
Allocations (the fees, costs and expenses of such expert to be
shared equally between the Borrower, on the one hand, and Pershing
Square Capital and its managed funds and affiliates, on the other
hand). The Borrower and the Lenders agree that they will each
calculate the original issue discount arising from the amount
advanced pursuant to this Credit Agreement based on such Tax
Allocations and make their respective tax determinations and
filings consistent therewith, unless otherwise required pursuant to
a “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313(a)
of the Code. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Credit Agreement, this provision shall survive until 90 days
after the expiration of the relevant statute of limitations.
3.
REPAYMENT OF THE LOANS.
3.1. Maturity . The Borrower
promises to pay on the Maturity Date, and there shall become
absolutely due and payable on the Maturity Date, all of the Loans
outstanding on such date, together with any and all accrued and
unpaid interest thereon and, as a condition to the effectiveness of
such payment, the Repayment Premium.
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3.2. Voluntary Prepayments .
The Borrower shall have the right, upon at least three (3) Business
Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, to
voluntarily prepay all or any portion (in multiples of not less
than $1,000,000 or such lesser amount as may then be outstanding)
of the Loans on any Business Day. Any prepayment of any Loan shall
be accompanied by the payment of all accrued and unpaid interest
with respect to the principal being prepaid through the date of
prepayment and, as a condition to the effectiveness of such
prepayment, the Repayment Premium.
3.3. Mandatory Prepayments. On
the date of receipt by the Borrower or any Subsidiary of the
Borrower of any Net Cash Proceeds of any Disposition of any direct
or indirect interest in the Paperchase Businesses, the Borrower
shall cause 100% of such Net Cash Proceeds to be applied to prepay
the Loans. All prepayments under this Section 3.3 shall be
accompanied by all accrued and unpaid interest on the Loans being
prepaid and, as a condition to the effectiveness of such
prepayment, the Repayment Premium.
3.4. Application of Proceeds.
All prepayments under this Section 3.4 with respect to a
particular Loan shall be applied to: first , to reimburse
the Agents and Lenders for any amounts due to them under this
Credit Agreement; second , to pay interest accrued and
unpaid; third , to pay the Repayment Premium; and
fourth , to pay outstanding principal amount of such Loan
until all of such Loan is repaid in full.
4.
CERTAIN GENERAL PROVISIONS.
4.1. Funds for Payments
.
4.1.1. Payments to Administrative
Agent . Unless provided otherwise in this Credit Agreement, all
payments of principal and interest on Loans and any other amounts
due hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents shall be
made on the due date thereof to the Administrative Agent, for the
respective accounts of the applicable Lenders or any Agent, as the
case may be, at the Administrative Agent’s Office or at such
other place that the Administrative Agent may from time to time
designate, in each case at or about 11:00 a.m. (Eastern time or
other local time at the place of payment) and in Same Day
Funds.
4.1.2. No Offset, etc . All
payments by the Borrower hereunder and under any of the other Loan
Documents shall be made without recoupment, setoff or counterclaim
and free and clear of and without deduction for any taxes, levies,
imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions, withholdings,
compulsory loans, restrictions or conditions of any nature now or
hereafter imposed or levied by any jurisdiction or any political
subdivision thereof or taxing or other authority therein unless the
Borrower is compelled by law to make such deduction or withholding.
If any such obligation is imposed upon the Borrower with respect to
any amount payable by them hereunder or under any of the other Loan
Documents, the Borrower will pay to the Administrative Agent, for
the account of the applicable Lender or the applicable Agent, as
the case may be, on the date on which such amount is due and
payable hereunder or under such other Loan Document, such
additional amount in Dollars as shall be necessary to enable such
Lender or such
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Agent to
receive the same net amount which such Lender or such Agent would
have received on such due date had no such obligation been imposed
upon the Borrower. The Borrower will deliver promptly to the
Administrative Agent certificates or other valid vouchers for all
taxes or other charges deducted from or paid with respect to
payments made by the Borrower hereunder or under such other Loan
Document.
4.1.3. Non-U.S. Lenders . Each
Lender and Agent that is not a U.S. Person as defined in
Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code for federal income tax
purposes (a “Non-U.S. Lender”) hereby agrees that, if
and to the extent it is legally able to do so, it shall, prior to
the date of the first payment by the Borrower hereunder to be made
to such Lender or Agent or for such Lender’s or Agent’s
account, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, as
applicable, such certificates, documents or other evidence, as and
when required by the Code or Treasury Regulations issued pursuant
thereto, including (a) in the case of a Non-U.S. Lender that
is a “bank” for purposes of Section 881(c)(3)(A)
of the Code, two (2) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue
Service Form W-8BEN or Form W-8ECI and any other certificate or
statement of exemption required by Treasury Regulations, or any
subsequent versions thereof or successors thereto, properly
completed and duly executed by such Lender or Agent establishing
that with respect to payments of principal, interest or fees
hereunder it is (i) not subject to United States federal
withholding tax under the Code because such payment is effectively
connected with the conduct by such Lender or Agent of a trade or
business in the United States or (ii) totally exempt or
partially exempt from United States federal withholding tax under a
provision of an applicable tax treaty and (b) in the case of a
Non-U.S. Lender that is not a “bank” for purposes of
Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a certificate in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and
the Borrower and to the effect that such Non-U.S. Lender
(i) is not a “bank” for purposes of
Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, is not subject to regulatory
or other legal requirements as a bank in any jurisdiction, and has
not been treated as a bank for purposes of any tax, securities law
or other filing or submission made to any governmental authority,
any application made to a rating agency or qualification for any
exemption from any tax, securities law or other legal requirements,
(ii) is not a ten (10) percent shareholder for purposes of
Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code and (iii) is not a
controlled foreign corporation receiving interest from a related
person for purposes of Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code,
together with a properly completed Internal Revenue Service Form
W-8 or W-9, as applicable (or successor forms). Each Lender and
Agent agrees that it shall, promptly upon a change of its lending
office or the selection of any additional lending office, to the
extent the forms previously delivered by it pursuant to this
section are no longer effective, and promptly upon the
Borrower’s or the Administrative Agent’s reasonable
written request after the occurrence of any other event (including
the passage of time) requiring the delivery of a Form W-8BEN, Form
W-8ECI, Form W-8 or W-9 in addition to or in replacement of the
forms previously delivered, deliver to the Borrower and the
Administrative Agent, as applicable, if and to the extent it is
properly entitled to do so, a properly completed and executed
Form W-8BEN,
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Form W-8ECI,
Form W-8 or W-9, as applicable (or any successor forms thereto).
Without limiting the obligations of the Lenders set forth above
regarding delivery of certain forms and documents to establish each
Lender’s status for U.S. withholding tax purposes, each
Lender agrees promptly to deliver to the Administrative Agent, as
the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request, on or prior to
the Closing Date, and in a timely fashion thereafter, such other
documents and forms required by any relevant taxing authorities
under the laws of any other jurisdiction, duly executed and
completed by such Lender, as are required under such laws to
confirm such Lender’s entitlement to any available exemption
from, or reduction of, applicable withholding taxes in respect of
all payments to be made to such Lender outside of the U.S. by the
Borrower pursuant to this Credit Agreement or otherwise to
establish such Lender’s status for withholding tax purposes
in such other jurisdiction. Each Lender shall promptly
(A) notify the Administrative Agent of any change in
circumstances which would modify or render invalid any such claimed
exemption or reduction, and (B) take such steps as shall not
be materially disadvantageous to it, in the reasonable judgment of
such Lender, and as may be reasonably necessary to avoid any
requirement of applicable laws of any such jurisdiction that the
Borrower make any deduction or withholding for taxes from amounts
payable to such Lender. Additionally, the Borrower shall promptly
deliver to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, as the
Administrative Agent or such Lender shall reasonably request, on or
prior to the Closing Date, and in a timely fashion thereafter, such
documents and forms required by any relevant taxing authorities
under the laws of any jurisdiction, duly executed and completed by
the Borrower, as are required to be furnished by such Lender or the
Administrative Agent under such laws in connection with any payment
by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of taxes or otherwise in
connection with the Loan Documents, with respect to such
jurisdiction.
4.2. Computations . All
computations of interest on the Loans shall be based on a
365/366-day year and paid for the actual number of days elapsed.
Whenever a payment hereunder or under any of the other Loan
Documents becomes due on a day that is not a Business Day, the due
date for such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding
Business Day, and interest shall accrue during such
extension.
4.3. Additional Costs, etc .
If any present or future applicable law, which expression, as used
herein, includes statutes, rules and regulations thereunder and
interpretations thereof by any competent court or by any
governmental or other regulatory body or official charged with the
administration or the interpretation thereof and requests,
directives, instructions and notices at any time or from time to
time hereafter made upon or otherwise issued to any Lender or Agent
by any central bank or other fiscal, monetary or other authority
(whether or not having the force of law), shall:
(a) subject any Lender or Agent
to any tax, levy, impost, duty, charge, fee, deduction or
withholding of any nature with respect to this Credit Agreement,
the other Loan Documents, such Lender’s Commitment or the
Loans (other than taxes based upon or measured by the income or
profits of such Lender or Agent), or
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(b) materially change the basis
of taxation (except for changes in taxes on income or profits) of
payments to any Lender of the principal of or the interest on any
Loans or any other amounts payable to any Lender or Agent under
this Credit Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, or
(c) impose or increase or render
applicable (other than to the extent specifically provided for
elsewhere in this Credit Agreement) any special deposit, reserve,
assessment, liquidity, capital adequacy or other similar
requirements (whether or not having the force of law) against
assets held by, or deposits in or for the account of, or loans by,
or letters of credit issued by, or commitments of an office of any
Lender, or
(d) impose on any Lender or
Agent any other conditions or requirements with respect to this
Credit Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the Loans, such
Lender’s Commitment, or any class of loans, letters of credit
or commitments of which any of the Loans or such Lender’s
Commitment forms a part,
and the
result of any of the foregoing (a) to (d) is:
(i) to increase the cost to any
Lender of making, funding, issuing, renewing, extending or
maintaining any of the Loans, or
(ii) to reduce the amount of
principal, interest or other amount payable to such Lender or Agent
hereunder on account of such Lender’s Commitment or any of
the Loans, or
(iii) to require such Lender or Agent
to make any payment or to forego any interest or other sum payable
hereunder, the amount of which payment or foregone interest or
other sum is calculated by reference to the gross amount of any sum
receivable or deemed received by such Lender or Agent from the
Borrower hereunder,
then,
and in each such case, the Borrower will, upon demand made by such
Lender or any Agent (as the case may be) at any time and from time
to time and as often as the occasion therefor may arise, pay to
such Lender or Agent such additional amounts as will be sufficient
to compensate such Lender or Agent for such additional cost,
reduction, payment or foregone interest or other sum.
4.4. Capital Adequacy . If
after the date hereof any Lender or Agent determines that
(a) the adoption of or change in any law, governmental rule,
regulation, policy, guideline or directive (whether or not having
the force of law) regarding capital requirements for banks or bank
holding companies or any change in the interpretation or
application thereof by a Governmental Authority with appropriate
jurisdiction, or (b) compliance by such Lender or Agent or any
corporation controlling such Lender or Agent with any law,
governmental rule, regulation, policy, guideline or directive
(whether or not having the force of law) of any such entity
regarding capital adequacy, has the effect of reducing the return
on such Lender’s or Agent’s commitment with respect to
any Loans to a level below that which such Lender or Agent could
have achieved but for such adoption, change or compliance (taking
into consideration such
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Lender’s or Agent’s then existing policies with respect
to capital adequacy and assuming full utilization of such
entity’s capital) by any amount deemed by such Lender or
Agent (as the case may be) to be material, then such Lender or
Agent may notify the Borrower of such fact. To the extent that the
amount of such reduction in the return on capital is not reflected
in the Interest Rate, the Borrower agrees to pay such Lender or
Agent (as the case may be) for the amount of such reduction in the
return on capital as and when such reduction is determined upon
presentation by such Lender or Agent (as the case may be) of a
certificate in accordance with Section 4.5 hereof. Each Lender
shall allocate such cost increases among its customers in good
faith and on an equitable basis.
4.5. Certificate . A
certificate setting forth any additional amounts payable pursuant
to Sections 4.3 or 4.4 and a brief explanation of such amounts
which are due, submitted by any Lender or Agent to the Borrower,
shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, that such amounts are
due and owing.
4.6. Interest After Default
.
4.6.1. Overdue Amounts .
Overdue principal and (to the extent permitted by applicable law)
interest on the Loans and all other overdue amounts payable
hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents shall bear
interest compounded monthly and payable on demand at a rate per
annum equal to two percent (2%) above the Interest Rate until such
amount shall be paid in full (after as well as before
judgment).
4.6.2. Amounts Not Overdue .
During the continuance of a Default or an Event of Default the
principal of the Loans not overdue shall, until such Default or
Event of Default has been cured or remedied or such Default or
Event of Default has been waived by the Required Lenders pursuant
to Section 14.12, bear interest at a rate per annum equal to
the rate of interest applicable to overdue principal pursuant to
Section 4.6.1.
4.7. Replacement of Lenders.
If any Lender (an “Affected Lender”) (a) makes
demand upon the Borrower for (or if the Borrower is otherwise
required to pay) amounts pursuant to Sections 4.3 or 4.4 or
(b) defaults in its obligation to make Loans in accordance
with the terms of this Credit Agreement, the Borrower may, so long
as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is then
continuing, within ninety (90) days of receipt of such demand
or default referred to in clauses (a) or (b), as the case may be,
by notice (a “Replacement Notice”) in writing to the
Administrative Agent and such Affected Lender (i) request the
Affected Lender to cooperate with the Borrower in obtaining a
replacement Lender satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the
Borrower (the “Replacement Lender”); (ii) request
the non-Affected Lenders to acquire and assume all of the Affected
Lender’s Loans, but none of such Lenders shall be under an
obligation to do so; or (iii) designate a Replacement Lender
approved by the Administrative Agent, such approval not to be
unreasonably withheld or delayed. If any satisfactory Replacement
Lender shall be obtained, and/or if any one or more of the
non-Affected Lenders shall agree to acquire and assume all of the
Affected Lender’s Loans and Commitment, then such Affected
Lender shall assign, in accordance with Section 13,
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all of
its Commitment, Loans, Notes and other rights and obligations under
this Credit Agreement and all other Loan Documents to such
Replacement Lender or non-Affected Lenders, as the case may be, in
exchange for payment of the principal amount so assigned and all
interest and fees accrued on the amount so assigned, plus all other
Obligations then due and payable to the Affected Lender; provided,
however, that (A) such assignment shall be without recourse,
representation or warranty and shall be on terms and conditions
reasonably satisfactory to such Affected Lender and such
Replacement Lender and/or non-Affected Lenders, as the case may be,
and (B) prior to any such assignment, the Borrower shall have
paid to such Affected Lender all amounts properly demanded and
unreimbursed under Sections 4.3 and 4.4. Upon the effective
date of such assignment, the Borrower shall issue replacement Notes
to such Replacement Lender and/or non-Affected Lenders, as the case
may be, and such institution shall become a “Lender”
for all purposes under this Credit Agreement and the other Loan
Documents.
5.
GUARANTY AND COLLATERAL SECURITY.
5.1. Guaranty of Payment and
Performance . For value received and hereby acknowledged and as
an inducement to the Lenders to make Loans to the Borrower,
(a) each Guarantor hereby absolutely, unconditionally and
irrevocably guarantees to the Agents and the Lenders, the full and
punctual payment when due (whether at stated maturity, by required
pre-payment, by acceleration or otherwise), as well as the
performance, of all of the Obligations including all such which
would become due but for the operation of the automatic stay
pursuant to Section 362(a) of the Federal Bankruptcy Code and the
operation of Sections 502(b) and 506(b) of the Federal Bankruptcy
Code (such obligations collectively being the “Guaranteed
Obligations”). This Section 5 is in no way conditioned
upon any requirement that any Agent or Lender first attempt to
collect any of the Obligations from the Borrower or resort to any
collateral security or other means of obtaining payment. Should the
Borrower default in the payment or performance of any of its
Obligations, the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder to the
Guaranteed Obligations shall become immediately due and payable to
the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders or the
Agents, without demand or notice of any nature, all of which are
expressly waived by each Guarantor.
5.2. Guaranty Absolute . Each
of the Guarantors guarantees that the Guaranteed Obligations will
be paid strictly in accordance with the terms hereof, regardless of
any law, regulation, order, decree or directive (whether or not
having the force of law) or any interpretation thereof, now or
hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms
or the rights of any Agent or Lender with respect thereto,
including, without limitation, any law, regulation, order, decree
or directive or interpretation thereof that purports to require or
permit the satisfaction of any Guaranteed Obligation, other than
strictly in accordance with the terms of this Credit Agreement, or
(b) any agreement, whether or not signed by or on behalf of
any Agent or the Lenders, in connection with the restructuring or
rescheduling of public or private obligations in the
Borrower’s country, whether or not such agreement is stated
to cause or permit the discharge of the Obligations prior to the
final payment in full of the Obligations. The
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liability of each Guarantor under this Guaranty with regard to the
Guaranteed Obligations of the Borrower shall be absolute and
unconditional irrespective of:
(a) any lack of authorization,
execution, validity or enforceability or any illegality of the
Borrower to become a Borrower hereunder, this Credit Agreement and
any amendment hereof (with regard to such Guaranteed Obligations),
or any other obligation, agreement or instrument relating thereto
(it being agreed by each Guarantor that the Guaranteed Obligations
shall not be discharged prior to the final and complete
satisfaction of all of the Obligations of the Borrower) or any
failure to obtain any necessary governmental consent or approvals
or necessary third party consents or approvals;
(b) any Agent’s or any
Lender’s exercise or enforcement of, or failure or delay in
exercising or enforcing, legal proceedings to collect the
Obligations or the Guaranteed Obligations, as the case may be, or
any power, right or remedy with respect to any of the Obligations
or the Guaranteed Obligations, as the case may be, including any
change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other
term of, all or any of the Guaranteed Obligations of the Borrower
or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure
from this Credit Agreement or the other Loan Documents (with regard
to such Guaranteed Obligations) or any other agreement or
instrument governing or evidencing any of the Guaranteed
Obligations;
(c) any exchange, release or
non-perfection of any collateral, or any release or amendment or
waiver of or consent to departure from any other guaranty, for all
or any of the Guaranteed Obligations of the Borrower;
(d) any change in ownership of
the Borrower;
(e) any acceptance of any
partial payment(s) from the Borrower;
(f) any insolvency, bankruptcy,
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition, assignment
for the benefit of creditors, appointment of a receiver, examiner
or trustee for all or any part of the Borrower’s
assets;
(g) any assignment,
participation or other transfer, in whole or in part, of any
Agent’s or any Lender’s interest in and rights under
this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, or of any
Agent’s or any Lender’s interest in the Obligations or
the Guaranteed Obligations;
(h) any cancellation,
renunciation or surrender of any pledge, guaranty or any debt
instrument evidencing the Obligations or the Guaranteed
Obligations;
(i) any Agent’s or any
Lender’s vote, claim, distribution, election, acceptance,
action or inaction in any bankruptcy or reorganization case related
to the Obligations or the Guaranteed Obligations; or
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(j) any other action or
circumstance, other than payment, which might otherwise constitute
a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrower in respect
of its or the Guaranteed Obligations.
This Guaranty shall continue to be
effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any
payment of any of the Guaranteed Obligations is rescinded or must
otherwise be returned by any Agent or any Lender upon the
insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization, examination of the
Borrower or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been
made.
5.3. Effectiveness,
Enforcement . The Guaranty herein of each Guarantor shall be
effective and shall be deemed to be made with respect to each Loan
made as of the time it is made. No invalidity, irregularity or
unenforceability by reason of any bankruptcy or similar law, or any
law or order of any government or agency thereof purporting to
reduce, amend or otherwise affect any liability of the Borrower,
and no defect in or insufficiency or want of powers of the Borrower
or irregular or improperly recorded exercise thereof, shall impair,
affect, be a defense to or claim against such Guaranty. This
Guaranty is a continuing guaranty and shall (a) survive any
termination of this Credit Agreement and (b) remain in full
force and effect until payment in full in cash and performance of
all Guaranteed Obligations and all other amounts payable under this
Guaranty. This Guaranty is made for the benefit of each Agent and
each of the Lenders and their respective successors and assigns,
and may be enforced from time to time as often as occasion therefor
may arise and without requirement on the part of any Agent or any
Lender first to exercise any rights against the Borrower or to
exhaust any remedies available to it against the Borrower or to
resort to any other source or means of obtaining payment of any of
the Guaranteed Obligations or to elect any other remedy. In the
event that acceleration of the time for payment (or the giving of
notice of such acceleration) of the Guaranteed Obligations of the
Borrower is stayed upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, examination or
reorganization, of the Borrower or for any other reason, all such
amounts otherwise subject to acceleration under the terms of this
Credit Agreement shall be immediately due and payable by each
Guarantor under the Guaranty herein provided.
5.4. Waiver . Each of the
Guarantors hereby waives promptness, diligence, protest, notice of
protest, all suretyship defenses, notice of acceptance and any
other notice with respect to any of the Guaranteed Obligations and
this Guaranty and any requirement that any Agent or any Lender
secure, perfect or protect any security interest or lien or any
property subject thereto or exhaust any right or take any action
against the Borrower or any other Person or any collateral. Each of
the Guarantors also irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, all defenses which at any time may be available
to it in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations by virtue of any
statute of limitations, valuation, stay, moratorium law or other
similar law now or hereafter in effect.
5.5. Subordination;
Subrogation . Until the termination of the Commitments and
final payment and performance in full in cash of all of the
Obligations, none of the Guarantors shall exercise and hereby
waives any rights against the Borrower as a result of
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payment
by any Guarantor hereunder, by way of subrogation, reimbursement,
restitution, contribution or otherwise, and any Guarantor will not
prove any claim in competition with any Agent or any Lender in
respect of any payment hereunder in bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization proceedings of any nature; any Guarantor will not
claim any set-off, recoupment or counterclaim against the Borrower
in respect of any liability of such Guarantor; and each Guarantor
waives any benefit of and any right to participate in any
collateral which may be held by any Agent or any Lender. The
payment of any amounts due with respect to any Indebtedness of the
Borrower now or hereafter held by any Guarantor is hereby
subordinated to the prior payment in full of the Guaranteed
Obligations. Each Guarantor agrees that after the occurrence of any
default in the payment or performance of the Guaranteed Obligations
such Guarantor will not demand, sue for, or otherwise attempt to
collect any such Indebtedness of the Borrower to such Guarantor
until the Guaranteed Obligations then due shall have been paid in
full in cash. If, notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, any
Guarantor shall collect or receive any amounts in respect of such
indebtedness, such amounts shall be collected and received by such
Guarantor as trustee for the Agents and the Lenders and be paid
over to the Administrative Agent for the respective accounts of the
Agents and the Lenders on account of the Guaranteed Obligations
without affecting in any manner the liability of any Guarantor
under the other provisions of this Section 5. The provisions
of this Section 5 shall survive the expiration or termination
of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the
provisions of this Section 5 shall be supplemental to and not
in derogation of any rights and remedies of any Agent or any Lender
under any separate subordination agreement which any Agent or any
Lender may at any time and from time to time entered into with any
Guarantor for the benefit of any Agent or any Lender.
5.6. Payments . Payments by
each Guarantor hereunder may be required by the Administrative
Agent on any number of occasions. All payments made by each
Guarantor under this Section 5 shall be made to the
Administrative Agent, in the manner and at the place of payment
specified therefor in Section 4.1.1 hereof, for the account of
the Lenders and the Agents and in the same currency in which such
Obligation was made, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the
Agents or the Lenders.
5.7. Setoff . Each Guarantor
grants to the Agents and the Lenders, as security for the full and
punctual payment and performance of all of such Guarantor’s
obligations under this Section 5, a continuing lien on,
security interest and right of setoff in all securities or other
property belonging to such Guarantor, as the case may be, now or
hereafter held by any Agent or such Lender and in all deposits
(general or special, time or demand, provisional or final) and
other sums credited by or due from any Agent or such Lender to such
Guarantor or subject to withdrawal by such Guarantor. Regardless of
the adequacy of any collateral security or other means of obtaining
payment of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, each of the Agents
and the Lenders is hereby authorized at any time and from time to
time during the continuance of any Event of Default, without notice
to any Guarantor (any such notice being expressly waived by the
Guarantors) and to the fullest extent permitted by law, to set off
and apply such deposits and other sums against the obligations of
such Guarantor under this Section 5, whether or not such Agent
or such Lender shall have made any demand under this Section 5
and although such obligations may be contingent or unmatured.
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5.8. Further Assurances . Each
Guarantor agrees that it will from time to time, at the request of
the Administrative Agent, do all such things and execute all such
documents as the Administrative Agent may reasonably consider
necessary or desirable to give full effect to this Section 5
and to perfect and preserve the rights and powers of the Lenders
and the Agents hereunder. Each Guarantor acknowledges and confirms
that it has established its own adequate means of obtaining from
the Borrower on a continuing basis all information desired by it
concerning the financial condition of the Borrower and that it will
look to the Borrower and not to any Agent or any Lender in order
for it to keep adequately informed of changes of the financial
condition of the Borrower.
5.9. Successors and Assigns .
This Section 5 shall be binding upon each Guarantor, its
successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the
Agents and the Lenders and their respective successors, and
permitted transferees and assigns. Without limiting the generality
of the foregoing sentence, each Lender may, in accordance with the
provisions of Section 13 and subject to the limitations set
forth therein, assign or otherwise transfer this Credit Agreement,
the other Loan Documents or any other agreement or note held by it
evidencing, securing or otherwise executed in connection with the
Obligations, or sell participations in any interest therein, to
another Person, and such other Person shall thereupon become
vested, to the extent set forth in the agreement evidencing such
assignment, transfer or participation, with all the rights in
respect thereof granted to such Lender herein. None of the
Guarantors may assign any of its obligations hereunder. The
Borrower may cause additional Subsidiaries of the Borrower to
become Guarantors hereunder by causing such Subsidiary or
Subsidiaries to agree to be bound by the provisions of this
Section 5, to execute and deliver a Joinder Agreement to the
Administrative Agent and to deliver such legal opinions and other
documents and instruments as the Administrative Agent may
request.
5.10. Contribution . To the
extent any of the Guarantors makes a payment hereunder in excess of
the aggregate amount of the benefit received by such Person in
respect of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement (the
“Benefit Amount”), then such Person, after the payment
in full in cash of all of the Guaranteed Obligations shall be
entitled to recover from each such Person such excess payment, pro
rata in accordance with the ratio of the Benefit Amount received by
such other Person to the total Benefit Amounts received by each of
the Guarantors, and the right to such recovery shall be deemed to
be in asset and property of such Person so funding; provided that
all such rights to recovery shall be subordinate and junior in
right of payment to the final and indefeasible repayment in full in
cash of all of the Obligations.
5.11. Security of Borrower .
(a) The Obligations shall be secured by a perfected first
priority security interest in 14,724 shares of the Capital Stock of
Paperchase and 42,300,000 shares of the Capital Stock of
Superstores, each pledged by BGP (UK) (such shares, the
“Pledged Shares”), which shall constitute, through such
of BGP (UK)’s direct and indirect holdings, approximately 65%
of the Capital Stock of Paperchase. The terms and conditions of
such first priority security interest are set forth in the Pledge
Agreement.
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6.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
The Borrower represents and warrants
to the Lenders and the Agents as follows:
6.1. Corporate Authority
.
6.1.1. Incorporation; Good
Standing . Each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries
(a) is a corporation (or similar business entity) duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of
its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, (b) has all
requisite corporate (or the equivalent company) power to own its
property and conduct its business as now conducted and as presently
contemplated, and (c) is in good standing as a foreign
corporation (or similar business entity) and is duly authorized to
do business in each jurisdiction where such qualification is
necessary except where a failure to be so qualified would not have
a Material Adverse Effect.
6.1.2. Authorization . The
execution, delivery and performance of this Credit Agreement and
the other Loan Documents to which the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries is or is to become a party and the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby (a) are within the corporate
(or the equivalent company) authority of such Person, (b) have
been duly authorized by all necessary corporate (or the equivalent
company) proceedings, (c) do not and will not conflict with or
result in any breach or contravention of any provision of law,
statute, rule or regulation to which the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries is subject or any judgment, order, writ, injunction,
license or permit applicable to the Borrower or any of its
Subsidiaries and (d) do not conflict with any provision of the
Governing Documents of, or any Contract binding upon, the Borrower
or any of its Subsidiaries.
6.1.3. Enforceability . The
execution and delivery of this Credit Agreement and the other Loan
Documents to which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is or is
to become a party will result in valid and legally binding
obligations of such Person enforceable against it in accordance
with the respective terms and provisions hereof and thereof, except
as enforceability is limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting
generally the enforcement of creditors’ rights and except to
the extent that availability of the remedy of specific performance
or injunctive relief is subject to the discretion of the court
before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.
6.2. Governmental Approvals .
The execution, delivery and performance by the Borrower and any of
its Subsidiaries of this Credit Agreement and the other Loan
Documents to which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is or is
to become a party and the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby do not require the approval or consent of, or filing with,
any governmental agency or authority other than those already
obtained.
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6.3. Title to Properties;
Leases . Except as indicated on Schedule 6.3 hereto, the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries own all of the Properties reflected
in the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries as at the Balance Sheet Date or acquired since that
date (except Property sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary
course of business since that date), subject to no Liens or other
rights of others, except Permitted Liens.
6.4. Fiscal Year; Financial
Statements and Projections .
6.4.1. Fiscal Year . The
Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries has a Fiscal Year which is
the 52/53 week period ending on the Saturday closest to the
last day in January; provided that the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries may change any Fiscal Year end date to a date not more
than seven (7) days before or after the then scheduled end
date of such Fiscal Year with written notice to the Administrative
Agent not less than thirty (30) days prior to the commencement
of such Fiscal Year. The Fiscal Quarters and Fiscal Year of the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries are accurately described in
Section 1.1 hereof (except as otherwise noticed to the
Administrative Agent pursuant to the proviso of the preceding
sentence).
6.4.2. Financial Statements .
There has been furnished to each of the Lenders (a) a
consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statements of income
and cash flow of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the
Balance Sheet Date, certified by Ernst & Young LLP, and
(b) a consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statements
of income and cash flow of (i) the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries and (ii) the Paperchase Companies for the FQ3
2007. Such balance sheets and statements of income and cash flow
have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and fairly present the
financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and the
Paperchase Companies, as applicable, as at the close of business on
the date thereof and the results of operations for the fiscal year
then ended. There are no contingent liabilities of the Borrower or
any of its Subsidiaries or any of the Paperchase Companies as of
such date involving material amounts, known to the officers of the
Borrower, which were not disclosed in such balance sheets and the
notes related thereto.
6.4.3. Projections . The
projections of the annual operating budgets of the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, balance sheets and cash flow
statements for the monthly periods until January 2009 and the
preliminary monthly projections of the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries for the Fiscal Years 2008 and 2009, respectively,
copies of which have been delivered to each Lender, disclose all
assumptions made with respect to general economic, financial and
market conditions used in formulating such projections. To the
knowledge of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, no facts
exist that (individually or in the aggregate) would result in any
material change in any of such projections. The projections are
based upon reasonable estimates and assumptions, have been prepared
on the basis of the assumptions stated therein and reflect the
reasonable estimates of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and
the
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Paperchase
Companies, as applicable, of the results of operations and other
information projected therein.
6.5. No Material Adverse Effect,
Etc . Since the Balance Sheet Date there has been no event or
occurrence which has had a Material Adverse Effect as defined in
clauses (c) and (d) of the definition of “Material
Adverse Effect” in Section 1.1. Since the Balance Sheet
Date, the Borrower has not made any Restricted Payment except as
set forth in Schedule 6.5 hereto.
6.6. Intellectual
Property.
6.6.1. Franchises, Patents,
Copyrights, Etc. (i) The Borrower and each of its
Subsidiaries and (ii) the Paperchase Companies possesses all
franchises, patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade names, licenses
and permits, and rights in respect of the foregoing, adequate for
the conduct of its business as currently conducted without known
conflict with any rights of others.
6.6.2. Paperchase Companies
Intellectual Property. Schedule 6.6.2 lists all of the
material patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade names
(“Intellectual Property”) owned by the Paperchase
Companies or used by them (other than relating to
“Borders” or “Borders Books” or similar
marks, copyrights or names) in the conduct of their business as
currently conducted, and identifies the owner of such Intellectual
Property and, if the owner is not any of the Paperchase Companies,
the license agreement or other arrangement by which any such
Paperchase Company have the right to use such Intellectual
Property.
6.7. Litigation . Except as
set forth in Schedule 6.7 hereto, there are no claims,
actions, suits, arbitrations, proceedings or investigations or
orders, judgment, awards, decrees, injunctions, settlements or
stipulations of any kind pending or threatened against the Borrower
or any of its Subsidiaries before any Governmental Authority, that,
(a) might reasonably be expected to, either in any case or in
the aggregate, (i) have a Material Adverse Effect or
(ii) materially impair the right of the Borrower and its
Subsidiaries, considered as a whole, to carry on business as now
conducted by them, or result in any liability not adequately
covered by insurance, or for which adequate reserves are not
maintained on the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and
its Subsidiaries, or (b) which question the validity of this
Credit Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, or any action
taken or to be taken pursuant hereto or thereto.
6.8. No Materially Adverse
Contracts, Etc . Neither the Borrower nor any of its
Subsidiaries is subject to any Governing Document or other legal
restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, law, statute, rule or
regulation that has or is expected in the future to have a Material
Adverse Effect. Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is
a party to any contract, lease, license, consent, arrangement or
other agreement (“Contract”) that has or is expected,
in the judgment of the Borrower’s officers, to have any
Material Adverse Effect.
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6.9. Compliance With Other
Instruments, Laws, etc . (i) Neither the Borrower nor any
of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any provision of its
Governing Documents, or any Contract to which it may be subject or
by which it or any of its Properties may be bound or any decree,
order, judgment, statute, permit, rule or regulation, in any of the
foregoing cases in a manner that could result in the imposition of
substantial penalties or have a Material Adverse Effect and
(ii) no Default or Event of Default under the Existing Credit
Agreement has occurred or is continuing.
6.10. Tax Status . Each of the
Borrower and its Subsidiaries (a) has made or filed all
federal, state and foreign income and all other tax returns,
reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it
is subject, (b) has paid in full all taxes and other
governmental assessments and charges shown or determined to be due
on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being
contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings and
(c) has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate
for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods
to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no
unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing
authority of any jurisdiction, and none of the officers of the
Borrower know of any basis for any such claim.
6.11. No Event of Default . No
Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
6.12. Holding Company and
Investment Company Acts . Neither the Borrower nor any of their
Subsidiaries is a “holding company”, or a
“subsidiary company” of a “holding
company”, or an “affiliate” of a “holding
company”, as such terms are defined in the Public Utility
Holding Company Act of 2005; nor is it is subject to regulation as
a “public utility” under the Federal Power Act, as
amended; nor is it an “investment company”, or an
“affiliated company” or a “principal
underwriter” of an “investment company&rd
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