Indenture

Exhibit 4.1

EPICEPT CORPORATION

and

                                         , as Trustee

Indenture

Dated as of                      , 20 ___

Providing for Issuance of Convertible Debt Securities

     THIS INDENTURE, between EpiCept Corporation, a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the “ Company ”), and                                          , as trustee (hereinafter called the “Trustee”), is made and entered into as of this ___ day of                      , 20         .

Recitals of the Company

     The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of its unsecured debentures, notes, bonds, and other evidences of indebtedness, to be issued in one or more fully registered series.

     All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

Agreements of the Parties

     To set forth or to provide for the establishment of the terms and conditions upon which the Securities (as hereinafter defined) are and are to be authenticated, issued, and delivered, and in consideration of the premises thereof, and the purchase of Securities by the Holders (as hereinafter defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders from time to time of the Securities or of any series thereof, as the case may be:

ARTICLE 1
Definitions And Other Provisions Of General Application

     Section 1.01. Definitions . For all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

     (a) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular;

     (b) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act (as hereinafter defined), either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

     (c) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“ GAAP ”); and

     (d) all references in this instrument to designated “ Articles ”, “ Sections ” and other subdivisions are to the designated Articles, Sections and other subdivisions of this instrument as originally executed. The words “herein”, “hereof”, and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section, or other subdivision.

      “Act”, when used with respect to any Holder of a Security, has the meaning specified in Section 1.04.

      “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

      “Agent Members” means a member of, or a participant in, the Depositary.

      “Aggregate Current Market Price” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(e).

      “American Depository Shares” means U.S. dollar denominated forms of equity ownership held in a deposit in a custodian bank and evidenced by physical certificates of ownership (“American Depositary Receipts”) issued by a U.S. bank.

      “Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of the Depositary for such Security, to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.

      “Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series under Section 5.14.

      “Authentication Order” has the meaning specified in Section 2.07.

      “Automatic Conversion” has the meaning specified in Section 10.13(a).

      “Automatic Conversion Date” has the meaning specified in Section 10.13(c).

      “Automatic Conversion Notice” has the meaning specified in Section 10.13(c).

      “Board of Directors” means (i) the board of directors of the Company, (ii) any duly authorized committee of that board, or (iii) any officer, director or authorized representative of the Company, in each case duly authorized by such Board to act hereunder.

      “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

      “Buy-in” has the meaning specified in Section 10.14.

      “Capital Stock” means any class of authorized capital stock of the Company, whether common or preferred stock, as specified from time to time in the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, and as in effect from time to time.

      “Cash Equivalents” means (1) securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided that the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged in support thereof) having maturities of not more than six months from the date of acquisition, (2) certificates of deposit and eurodollar time deposits with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition, bankers’ acceptances with maturities not exceeding six months and overnight bank deposits, in each case with any

domestic commercial bank having capital and surplus in excess of $500 million and a Thompson Bank Watch Rating of “B” or better, (3) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than seven (7) days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (1) above entered into with any financial institution meeting the qualifications specified in clause (2) above, (4) commercial paper having the highest rating obtainable from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and in each case maturing within six months after the date of acquisition and (5) money market funds at least ninety-five percent (95%) of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (1)-(4) of this definition.

      “Chairman” means the Company’s Chairman of the Board.

      “Change in Control” means the occurrence at any time, after the original issuance of the Securities, of any of the following events:

     (1) any Person (including any syndicate or group that would be deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) acquires beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of transactions, of shares of Capital Stock of the Company entitling such Person to exercise more than fifty (50%) percent of the total voting power of all shares of Capital Stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the elections of directors, other than any such acquisition by the Company, any Subsidiary or any employee benefit plan of the Company; or

     (2) any Person shall succeed in having sufficient of its nominees (who are not supported by a majority of the then current Board of Directors of the Company) elected to the Board of Directors of the Company such that such nominees, when added to any existing directors remaining on the Board of Directors of the Company after such election who are Affiliates of or acting in concert with any such Person, shall constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of the Company; or

     (3) any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person, or any merger of another Person with or into the Company (other than (A) a merger (i) that does not result in any reclassification, conversion, exchange or cancellation of outstanding shares of the Company’s Capital Stock and (ii) pursuant to which holders of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to such transaction have, directly or indirectly, fifty (50%) percent or more of the total voting power of all shares of Capital Stock or other ownership interests of the continuing or surviving Person entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the continuing or surviving Person immediately after such transaction and (B) any merger that is effected solely to change the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company and results in a reclassification, conversion or exchange of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company solely into shares of common stock of the Company or another Person); or

     (4) any conveyance, transfer, sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to another Person.

      “Closing Price” means, with respect to the Common Stock on any day, the closing sale price regular way on such day or, in the case where no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in each case on The Nasdaq Capital Market, or, if the Common Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on such exchange, on the principal national security exchange or quotation system on which such security is quoted or listed or admitted to trading, or, if not quoted or listed or admitted to trading on any national

securities exchange or quotation system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices of the Common Stock on the over-the-counter market on the day in question as reported by the National Quotation Bureau Incorporated, or a similar generally accepted reporting service, or if not so available, in such manner as furnished by any New York Stock Exchange member firm selected from time to time by the Board of Directors for that purpose, or if no bid or asked price is available a price determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive and described in a Board Resolution.

      “Code” has the meaning specified in Section 2.01.

      “Combined Cash and Tender Amount” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(e).

      “Combined Tender and Cash Amount” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(f).

      “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

      “Common Stock” means the shares of the class designated as common stock of the Company at the date of this Indenture or as such stock may be reconstituted from time to time. Subject to the provisions of Section 10.11, shares issuable on conversion or repurchase of Securities shall include only shares of Common Stock or shares of any class or classes of Common Stock resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof; provided, however, that if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares so issuable on conversion of Securities shall include shares of all such classes, and the shares of each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion that the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such reclassifications.

      “Company” means EpiCept Corporation, unless and until a successor corporation shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor corporation.

      “Company Notice” has the meaning specified in Section 12.02.

      “Company Request”, “Company Order”, and “Company Consent” mean, respectively, a written request, order, or consent signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, or any Vice President (as hereinafter defined), or by any other officer or officers of the Company pursuant to an applicable Board Resolution, and delivered to the Trustee.

      “Completion Date” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(f).

      “Completion Date” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(f).

      “Constituent Person” has the meaning specified in Section 10.11.

      “Conversion Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to convert Securities in accordance with Article 10. The Company has initially appointed the Trustee as its Conversion Agent.

      “Conversion Date” means the date on which both the Securities and the duly signed and completed notice of conversion substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B have been delivered to the Trustee.

      “Conversion Price” means the amount equal to U.S. $1,000 divided by the Conversion Rate.

      “Conversion Rate” has the meaning specified in Section 10.01.

      “Conversion Shares” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(m).

      “Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the dated hereof is located at                                                              , Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

      “Corporation” means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock company, limited liability company or business trust.

      “Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 2.11.

      “Depositary” means with respect to any Registered Securities a clearing agency that is registered as such under the Exchange Act and is designated by the Company to act as Depositary for such Registered Securities (or any successor clearing agency so registered). The Company has initially appointed DTC as Depositary hereunder.

      “Distribution Date” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(m).

      “DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation.

      “Equivalent Government Securities” means, in relation to Securities denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars, securities of the government that issued the currency in which such Securities are denominated or securities of government agencies backed by the full faith and credit of such government.

      “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Article 4.

      “Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

      “GAAP ” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession.

      “Global Security” means a Registered Security that is registered in the Security Register in the name of a Depositary or a nominee thereof.

      “Holder” and “Holder of Securities” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined).

      “Indebtedness” means the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) on, and rent payable on or in connection with, and all fees, costs, claims, expenses and other amounts payable in connection with, the following, whether absolute or contingent, secured or unsecured, due or to become due, outstanding on the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred or assumed: (1) all the Company’s indebtedness evidenced by a credit or loan agreement, note, bond, debenture, or other similar instrument whether or not the recourse of the lender is to all of the Company’s assets or only to a portion, (2) all of the Company’s indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities, contingent or otherwise, for borrowed money, including, without limitation, overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange agreements, interest rate protection agreements and any loans or advances from banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments, or bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, whether or not the recourse of the lender is to all of the Company’s assets or only to a portion thereof, (3) all of the Company’s obligations as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under GAAP, (4) all of the Company’s obligations and other liabilities, contingent or otherwise, under any lease or related document, including a purchase agreement, in connection with the lease of real property or improvements, or any personal property included as part of any such lease, which provides that the Company is contractually obligated to purchase or cause a third party to purchase the leased property and thereby guarantee a residual value of leased property to the lessor and all of the Company’s obligations under such lease or related document to purchase or cause a third party to purchase the leased property, whether or not such lease transaction is characterized as an operating lease or capitalized lease in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, (5) all of the Company’s obligations under interest rate and currency swaps, caps, floors, collars, hedge agreements, forward contracts, or similar agreements or arrangements, (6) all of the Company’s obligations with respect to letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and similar facilities, including related reimbursement obligations, (7) all of the Company’s obligations issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (but excluding trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business), (8) all of the Company’s obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (7) above of another Person and all dividends of another Person, the payment of which, in either case, the Company has assumed or guaranteed or for which the Company is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, jointly or severally, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise or which is secured by a lien on the Company’s property and (9) renewals, extensions, modifications, replacements, restatements and refundings of, or any indebtedness or obligation issued in exchange for, any such indebtedness or obligation described in clauses (1) through (8) of this definition; provided, however, that Indebtedness shall not include accounts payable or other accrued liabilities or obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services and any indebtedness or obligation that the Company may owe to any direct or indirect Subsidiary and obligations owed to a Person specified in clause (11) of the definition of Permitted Lien in connection with the licensing and/or partnering arrangement referred to therein.

      “Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively.

      “Interest Payment Date” means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on the Securities.

      “Lien” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind with respect to such asset.

      “Make-Whole Payment” has the meaning specified in Article 9.

      “Maturity” , when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal amount outstanding under such Security or an installment of principal amount outstanding under such Security becomes due and payable, as therein or herein provided, whether on the Scheduled Maturity Date (as hereinafter defined), by declaration of acceleration, conversion, call for redemption, or otherwise.

      “Member” means any member of, or participant in, the Depositary.

      “New Rights Plan” has the meaning specified in Section 10.04(d).

      “New York Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation, or executive order to be closed.

      “Non-electing Share” has the meaning specified in Section 10.11.

      “Notice of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01.

      “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by any two of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President and Chief Executive Officer, or the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, or by any other officer or officers of the Company pursuant to an applicable Board Resolution, and delivered to the Trustee.

      “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel to the Company, which counsel may be an employee of the Company or other counsel who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

      “Outstanding” means, as of the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

     (i) such Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered by the Company to the Trustee for cancellation;

     (ii) such Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent (as hereinafter defined) other than the Company, or, if the Company shall act as its own

Paying Agent, has been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company; provided, in any case, that if such Securities are to be redeemed prior to their Scheduled Maturity Date, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

     (iii) such Securities in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, or which shall have been paid, in each case, pursuant to the terms of Section 2.10 (except with respect to any such Security as to which proof reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that such Security is held by a Person in whose hands such Security is a legal, valid, and binding obligation of the Company).

In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of such Securities Outstanding have given a direction concerning the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or concerning the exercise of any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture, or concerning a consent on behalf of the Holders of Securities to the waiver of any past default and its consequences, Securities owned by the Company, any other obligor upon the Securities, or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding. In determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer assigned to the corporate trust department of the Trustee knows to be owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to act as owner with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.

      “Paying Agent” means, with respect to any Securities, any Person appointed by the Company to distribute amounts payable by the Company on such Securities. As of the date of this Indenture, the Company has appointed                                          as Paying Agent with respect to all Securities issuable hereunder.

      “Payment Blockage Notice” has the meaning specified in Section 13.03.

      “Payment Blockage Period” has the meaning specified in Section 13.03.

      “Person” means any individual, Corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, or government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

      “Permitted Junior Securities” means:

     (a) Capital Stock of the Company; or

     (b) debt securities that are subordinated to all Senior Debt and debt securities that are issued in exchange for Senior Debt to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the notes that are subordinated to Senior Debt under the Indenture and have a stated maturity after (and do not provide for scheduled principal payments prior to) the stated maturity of any Senior Debt and any debt securities issued in exchange for Senior Debt;

provided, however, that if such Capital Stock or debt securities are distributed in a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, such Capital Stock or debt securities are distributed pursuant to a plan of reorganization consented to by each class of Senior Debt.

      “Permitted Lien” means the following types of Liens:

     (1) Liens imposed by law for taxes, fees, assessments or other governmental charges or levies that are not yet due and payable or are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings as to which the Company or its Subsidiaries shall have set aside on its books such reserves as may be required pursuant to GAAP;

     (2) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s, vendors’ or lessors’ Liens (and deposits to obtain the release of such Liens), set-off rights and other like Liens imposed by law (or contract, to the extent that such contractual Liens are similar in nature and scope to Liens imposed by law), in each case arising in the ordinary course of business and securing obligations that either (a) are not overdue by more than sixty (60) days or (ii) are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings as to which the Company or its Subsidiaries shall have set aside on its books such reserves as may be required pursuant to GAAP;

     (3) Liens incurred and pledges and deposits made in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers’ compensation, disability or unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, retiree health benefits and other similar plans or programs and other social security laws or regulations;

     (4) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts, leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature, in each case in the ordinary course of business;

     (5)(a) easements, covenants, conditions, restrictions, zoning restrictions, building codes, land use laws, leases, subleases, licenses, rights of way, minor irregularities in, or lack of, title and similar encumbrances affecting real property, (b) with respect to any lessee’s or licensee’s interest in real or personal property, mortgages, liens, rights and obligations and other encumbrances arising by, through or under any owner, lessor or licensor thereof, with or without the lessee’s or licensee’s consent and (c) leases, licenses, rights and obligations in connection with patents, copyrights, trademarks, tradenames and other intellectual property, in each case that do not secure the payment of borrowed money (other than, with respect to any lessee’s or licensee’s interest in real or personal property, mortgages, liens, rights and obligations and other encumbrances arising by, through or under any owner, lessor or licensor thereof) to the extent, in the case of each of clauses (a), (b) and (c), that the Liens referred to therein do not, in the aggregate, materially detract from the value of the affected property as used by the Company and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business taken as a whole or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole;

     (6) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities to secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods;

     (7) any interest or title of a lessor under any capitalized lease obligation; provided, however, that such Liens do not extend to any property or assets which is not leased property subject to such capitalized lease obligation;

     (8) Liens securing purchase money indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that (a) such purchase money indebtedness shall not exceed the purchase price or other cost of such property or equipment and shall not be secured by any property or equipment of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company other than the property and equipment so acquired and (b) the Lien securing such purchase money indebtedness shall be created within ninety (90) days of such acquisition;

     (9) Liens securing interest swap obligations which interest swap obligations relate to Indebtedness that is otherwise permitted under the indenture;

     (10) Liens securing Indebtedness under currency agreements;

     (11) Liens in favor of Strategic Partners in connection with a biopharmaceutical licensing and/or partnering arrangement;

     (12) judgment Liens not giving rise to an Event of Default so long as such Lien is adequately bonded and any appropriate legal proceedings which may have been duly initiated for the review of such judgment shall not have been finally terminated or the period within which such proceedings may be initiated shall not have expired;

     (13) Liens upon specific items of inventory or other goods and proceeds of any Person securing such Person’s obligations in respect of bankers’ acceptances issued or created for the account of such Person to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory or other goods;

     (14) Liens securing reimbursement obligations with respect to commercial letters of credit which encumber documents and other property relating to such letters of credit and products and proceeds thereof;

     (15) banker’s Liens, rights of setoff and similar Liens with respect to cash and Cash Equivalents on deposit in one or more bank accounts in the ordinary course of business; and

     (16) Liens arising from filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements regarding leases.

      “Place of Conversion” has the meaning specified in Section 2.05.

      “Place of Payment” has the meaning specified in Section 2.05.

      “Predecessor Securities” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.10 in lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated, or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed, mutilated, or stolen Security.

      “Record Date” means any Regular Record Date or Special Record Date.

      “Record Date Period” means the period from the close of business of any Regular Record Date next preceding any Interest Payment Date to the opening of business on such Interest Payment Date.

      “Registered Common Stock” means Common Stock that does not require registration or approval under any federal securities law or, if applicable, the securities law of any state where a Holder is located, before such shares are freely transferable without being transfer restrictions under the Securities Act.

      “Registered Securities” has the meaning specified in Section 2.01.

      “Regular Record Date” means, for interest payable in respect of any Security on any Interest Payment Date means the June 15 and the December 15 (whether or not a New York Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date

      “Repurchase Date” has the meaning specified in Section 12.01.

      “Repurchase Price” has the meaning specified in Section 12.01.

      “Responsible Officer” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

      “Scheduled Maturity Date”, when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the date on which all outstanding principal and interest will be due and payable.

      “Secured Indebtedness” means Indebtedness secured by a Lien other than a Permitted Lien.

      “Security Register” has the meaning specified in Section 2.09.

      “Security Registrar” means the Person who maintains the Security Register, which Person shall be the Trustee unless and until a successor Security Registrar is appointed by the Company.

      “Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof.

      “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Company pursuant to Section 2.11.

      “Specified Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01.

      “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable.

      “Strategic Partner” means (i) a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company with book equity of at least U.S.$200,000,000, (ii) a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company with sales of at least U.S.$150,000,000, or (iii) a publicly traded, or division or subdivision of a publicly traded, pharmaceutical or biotechnology company with market capitalization in excess of U.S.$200,000,000.

      “Subsidiary” of any specified corporation means any entity at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by the specified corporation or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or both.

      “Successor Security” of any particular Security means every Security issued after, and evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by, such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

      “Trading Day” means: (1) if the Common Stock is listed or admitted for trading on any national securities exchange, days on which such national securities exchange is open for business; (2) if the Common Stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other system of automated dissemination of quotations of securities prices, days on which trades may be effected through such system; or (3) if the Common Stock is not listed or admitted for trading on any national securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other system of automated dissemination of quotation of securities prices, days on which the Common Stock is traded regular way in the over-the-counter market and for which a closing bid and a closing asked price for the Common Stock are available.

      “Trading Market” means the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the American Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the OTC Bulletin Board.

      “Trust Indenture Act” , or “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

      “Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean such successor Trustee.

      “U.S. Government Obligations” means (i) securities that are direct obligations of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America and (ii) securities that are obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America, and also includes depository receipts issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any of the securities described in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii), and any payment of interest or principal payable under any of the securities described in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) that is held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to

make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt, or from any amount received by the custodian in respect of such securities, or from any specific payment of interest or principal payable under the securities evidenced by such depository receipt.

      “Vice President” , when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president”.

      “Volume Weighted Average Price” means, with respect to the Common Stock of the Company, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted for trading as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time); (b) if the OTC Bulletin Board is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTC Bulletin Board; (c) if the Common Stock is not then quoted for trading on the OTC Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by Pink Sheets, LLC (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Notes then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

      “Voting Stock” , as applied to the stock of any corporation, means stock of any class or classes (however designated), the outstanding shares of which have, by the terms thereof, ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or other governing body) of such corporation, other than stock having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency.

     Section 1.02. Officers’ Certificates and Opinions . Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with. Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include the following:

     (a) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read all covenants and conditions of this Indenture relating to such proposed action, including the definitions herein relating thereto;

     (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

     (c) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

     (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

     Section 1.03. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee . In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to the other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

     Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, legal counsel, unless such officer knows that any such certificate, opinion, or representation is erroneous. Any opinion of counsel for the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company, unless such counsel knows that any such certificate, opinion, or representation is erroneous.

     Where any Person is required to make, give, or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions, or other instruments under this Indenture, such instruments may, but need not, be consolidated and form a single instrument.

     Section 1.04. Acts of Holders . (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver, or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and (if expressly required by the applicable terms of this Indenture) to the Company. If any Securities are denominated in coin or currency other than that of the United States, then for the purposes of determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities have taken any action as herein described, the principal amount of such Securities shall be deemed to be that amount of United States dollars that could be obtained for such principal amount on the basis of the spot rate of exchange into United States dollars for the currency in which such Securities are denominated (as evidenced to the Trustee by a certificate provided by a financial institution, selected by the Company, that maintains an active trade in the currency in question, acting as conversion agent) as of the date of the taking of such action by the Holders of such requisite principal amount as evidenced to the Trustee as provided in the immediately preceding sentence. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “ Act ” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 5.01) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

     (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness to such execution or by the certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by an officer of a corporation or a member of a partnership, on behalf of such corporation or partnership, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof

of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

     (c) The ownership of Securities shall for all purposes be determined by reference to the Security Register, as such register shall exist as of the applicable date.

     (d) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, by Board Resolution, fix in advance a Record Date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such Record Date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after such Record Date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such Record Date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Securities Outstanding have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Securities Outstanding shall be computed as of such Record Date.

     (e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of any Security shall bind each subsequent Holder of such Security, and each Holder of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, with respect to anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance upon such action, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

     Section 1.05. Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company . Any request, order, authorization, direction, consent, waiver, or other action to be taken by the Trustee, the Company, or the Holders hereunder (including any Company Order), and any notice to be given to the Trustee or the Company with respect to any action taken or to be taken by the Trustee, the Company, or the Holders hereunder, shall be sufficient if made in writing and

     (a) (if to be furnished or delivered to or filed with the Trustee by the Company or any Holder) delivered to the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

     (b) (if to be furnished or delivered to the Company by the Trustee or any Holder, and except as otherwise provided in Section 4.01 and, in the case of a request for repayment, except as specified in the Security carrying the right to repayment) mailed to the Company, first-class postage prepaid, at its principal office located in Tarrytown, New York, Attention: Chief Financial Officer, or at any other address hereafter furnished in writing by the Company to the Trustee.

     Section 1.06. Notice To Holders; Waiver . Where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise expressly provided herein or in such Security) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register as of the applicable Record Date, not later than the latest date or earlier than the earliest date prescribed by this Indenture or such Security for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice nor any defect in any notice so mailed to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with

respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

     In case, by reason of the suspension of regular mail service as a result of a strike, work stoppage or otherwise, it shall be impractical to mail notice of any event to any Holder when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture or the applicable Security, then any method of notification as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee and the Company shall be deemed to be sufficient for the giving of such notice.

     Section 1.07. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act . If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision hereof which is required to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the TIA, such required provision shall control.

     Section 1.08. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents . The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents hereof are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of any provision of this Indenture.

     Section 1.09. Successors and Assigns . All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

     Section 1.10. Separability Clause . In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

     Section 1.11. Benefits Of Indenture . Nothing in this Indenture or in any Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, their successors hereunder, the Authenticating Agent, the Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, and the Holders of Securities (or such of them as may be affected thereby), any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

     Section 1.12. Governing Law . This Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

     Section 1.13. Counterparts . This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

     Section 1.14. Judgment Currency . The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court, with respect to the Securities of any series, it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, payable with respect to such Securities into a currency in which a judgment can be rendered (the “ Judgment Currency ”), the rate of exchange from the currency in which payments under such Securities is payable (the “ Required Currency ”) into the Judgment Currency shall be the highest bid quotation (assuming European-style quotation — i.e., Required Currency per Judgment Currency) received by the Company from three recognized foreign exchange dealers in the City of New York for the purchase of the aggregate amount of the judgment (as denominated in the Judgment Currency) on the New York

Business Day preceding the date on which a final unappealable judgment is rendered, for settlement on such payment date, and at which the applicable dealer timely commits to execute a contract, and (b) the Company’s obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or by any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with the preceding clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt by the judgment creditor of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture.

     Section 1.15. Legal Holidays .

     In any case where any Interest Payment Date or Maturity of any Security or the last day on which a Holder of a Security has a right to convert his Security shall not be a New York Business Day at any Place of Payment or Place of Conversion, as the case may be, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment or Place of Conversion, as the case may be, on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding New York Business Day at such Place of Payment or Place of Conversion, as the case may be, with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date, at Maturity, or by such last day for conversion; provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Maturity, or last day for conversion, as the case may be.

     Section 1.16. Waiver of Jury Trial .

     Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture or the Notes.

     Section 1.17. Force Majeure .

     In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

     Section 1.18. Facsimile Instructions

     The Trustee agrees to accept and act upon facsimile transmission of written instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture given by the Company; provided, however that: (i) the Company, subsequent to such facsimile transmission of written instructions or directions, shall provide the originally executed instructions to the Trustee in a timely manner, and (ii) such

originally executed instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized officer of the Company.

ARTICLE 2
The Securities

     Section 2.01. Form Generally .

     The Securities and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A hereto, which Exhibit is incorporated into this Indenture, with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder (the “Code” ), or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. Any portion of the text of any Security may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Security. All Securities shall be issued in registered form, as opposed to bearer form, and shall sometimes be referred to as the “Registered Securities.”

     The Securities shall be printed, lithographed, typewritten or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on steel engraved borders, if so required by any securities exchange upon which the Securities may be listed, or may be produced in any other manner permitted by the rules of any such securities exchange, or, if the Securities are not listed on a securities exchange, in any other manner approved by the Company, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof.

     Section 2.02. Forms of Securities .

     Each Security shall be in one of the forms approved from time to time by or pursuant to any Board Resolution, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the delivery to the Trustee for authentication of any Security in any form approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee a copy of such Board Resolution, together with a true and correct copy of the form of Security which has been approved thereby, or, if a Board Resolution authorizes a specific officer or officers to approve a form of Security, together with a certificate of such officer or officers approving the form of Security attached thereto, provided, however , that with respect to all Securities issued pursuant to the same Board Resolution, the required copy of such Board Resolution, together with the appropriate attachment, need be delivered only once. Any form of Security approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution must be reasonably acceptable as to form to the Trustee, such acceptance to be evidenced by the Trustee’s authentication of Securities in that form.

     Section 2.03. Securities in Global Form .

     If Securities of a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, the Global Security representing such Securities may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced to reflect exchanges or increased to reflect the issuance of additional Securities. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount (or any increase or decrease in the amount) of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Authentication Order delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.03 hereof.

     Upon their original issuance, Securities shall be issued in the form of one or more Global Securities without interest coupons and shall be registered in the name of DTC, as Depositary, or its nominee and deposited with the trustee, as custodian for DTC, for credit by DTC to the respective accounts of beneficial owners of the Securities represented thereby (or such other accounts as they may direct).

     Section 2.04. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication .

     The form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication for any Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be substantially as follows:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

     This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

     Section 2.05. Title and Terms .

     The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated, delivered, and Outstanding at any time under this Indenture is not limited.

     The Securities may be issued in one or more series in such aggregate principal amount as may from time to time be authorized by the Board of Directors. All Securities of a series issued under this Indenture shall in all respects be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits hereof, without preference, priority, or distinction on account of the actual time of the authentication and delivery or Scheduled Maturity Date thereof.

     Each series of Securities shall be created either by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions or by one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Any such Board Resolution or supplemental indenture (or, in the case of a series of Securities created pursuant to a Board Resolution, any officer or officers authorized by such Board Resolution) shall establish the terms of any such series of Securities, including the following (as and to such extent as may be applicable):

     (1) the title of such series;

     (2) the limit, if any, upon the aggregate principal amount or issue price of the Securities of such series;

     (3) the issue date or issue dates of the Securities of such series;

     (4) the Scheduled Maturity Date of the Securities of such series;

     (5) the place or places where the principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, and additional amounts, if any, payable with respect to the Securities of such series shall be payable;

     (6) whether the Securities of such series will be issued at par or at a premium over or a discount from their face amount;

     (7) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which the Securities of such series shall bear interest, if any, and, if applicable, the method by which such rate or rates may be determined;

     (8) the date or dates (or the method by which such date or dates may be determined) from which interest, if any, shall accrue, and the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable;

     (9) the rights, if any, to defer payments of interest on the Securities by extending the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;

     (10) the period or periods within which the Repayment Price(s) and any other terms and conditions upon which the Securities of such series may be redeemed or repaid, in whole or in part, by the Company;

     (11) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay, or purchase any of the Securities of such series pursuant to any mandatory redemption, purchase obligation, or analogous provision at the option of a Holder thereof, and the period or periods within which the Repayment Price(s) or other price, and any other terms and conditions upon which the Securities of such series shall be redeemed, repaid, or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

     (12) whether the Securities of such series are to be issued in whole or in part in global form and, if so, the identity of the Depositary for such global security and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which interests in the Securities represented by such global security may be exchanged, in whole or in part, for the individual Securities represented thereby (if other than as provided in Section 3.05);

     (13) whether such Securities are subordinated Securities and if so, the provisions for such subordination if other than the provisions set forth in Article 13;

     (14) the denominations in which the Securities of such series will be issued (which may be any denomination as set forth in the terms of such Securities) if other than U.S. $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof);

     (15) whether and under what circumstances additional amounts on the Securities of such series shall be payable in respect of any taxes, assessments, or other governmental charges withheld or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts;

     (16) the basis upon which interest shall be calculated;

     (17) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security for a definitive Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or upon satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms of such certificates, documents, and/or conditions;

     (18) the exchange or conversion of the Securities of that series, whether or not at the option of the Holders thereof, for or into new Securities of a different series or for or into any other securities which may include shares of Capital Stock of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for any such shares or securities of entities unaffiliated with the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company;

     (19) if other than U.S. dollars, the foreign or composite currency or currencies, which shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, (each such currency a “ Specified Currency ”) in which the Securities of such series shall be denominated and in which payments of principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, or additional amounts, if any, payable with respect to such Securities shall or may be payable;

     (20) if the principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, or additional amounts, if any, payable with respect to the Securities of such series are to be payable in any currency other than that in which the Securities are stated to be payable, which currency shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, whether at the election of the Company or of a Holder thereof, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made;

     (21) if the amount of any payment of principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, or other sum payable with respect to the Securities of such series may be determined by reference to the relative value of one or more Specified Currencies, commodities, securities, or instruments, the level of one or more financial or non-financial indices, or any other designated factors or formulas, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

     (22) the exchange of Securities of such series, at the option of the Holders thereof, for other Securities of the same series of the same aggregate principal amount of a different authorized kind or different authorized denomination or denominations, or both;

     (23) the appointment by the Trustee of an Authenticating Agent in one or more places other than the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, with power to act on behalf of the Trustee, and subject to its direction, in the authentication and delivery of the Securities of such series;

     (24) any trustees, depositaries, paying agents, transfer agents, exchange agents, conversion agents, registrars, or other agents with respect to the Securities of such series if other than the Trustee, Paying Agent and Security Registrar named herein;

     (25) the portion of the principal amount of Securities of such series, if other than the principal amount thereof, that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.02 or provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.04;

     (26) any Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series, if not set forth herein, or any modification of any Event of Default set forth herein with respect to such series;

     (27) any covenant solely for the benefit of the Securities of such series;

     (28) the inapplicability of Section 4.02 and Section 4.03 of this Indenture to the Securities of such series; and

     (29) any other terms not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture.

     If all of the Securities issuable by or pursuant to any Board Resolution are not to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel required by Section 3.03 hereof at the time of issuance of each such Security, but such Officers’ Certificate and Opinion of Counsel shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the first such Security.

     If any series of Securities shall be established by action taken pursuant to any Board Resolution, the execution by the officer or officers authorized by such Board Resolution of an Authentication Order (as defined in Section 2.07 below) with respect to the first Security of such series to be issued, and the delivery of such Authentication Order to the Trustee at or before the time of issuance of the first Security of such series, shall constitute a sufficient record of such action. Except as otherwise permitted by Section 2.07, if all of the Securities of any such series are not to be issued at one time, the Company shall deliver an Authentication Order with respect to each subsequent issuance of Securities of such series, but such Authentication Orders may be executed by any authorized officer or officers of the Company, whether or not such officer or officers would have been authorized to establish such series pursuant to the aforementioned Board Resolution.

     Unless otherwise provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture creating such series (i) a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series, and (ii) all Securities of the same series shall be substantially identical, except for the initial Interest Payment Date, issue price, initial interest accrual date and the amount of the first interest payment.

     The form of the Securities of each series shall be established in a supplemental indenture or by or pursuant to the Board Resolution creating such series. The Securities of each series shall be distinguished from the Securities of each other series in such manner as the Board of Directors or its authorized representative or representatives may determine.

     Unless otherwise provided with respect to Securities of a particular series, the Securities of any series may only be issuable in registered form, without coupons.

     The principal of, premium, if any, interest and Make-Whole Payment, if any, on the Securities shall be payable as provided in the form of Security for any series, and the Repurchase Price, if any, shall be payable at such places as are identified in the Company Notice given

pursuant to Section 12.02 (any city in which any Paying Agent is located being herein called a “ Place of Payment ”).

     If the Securities of any series shall be convertible they shall also be governed by Article 10. Any city in which any Conversion Agent is located being herein called a “ Place of Conversion ”.

     The Securities shall be subject to repurchase by the Company at the option of the Holders as provided in Article 12.

     Section 2.06. Denominations .

     The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such denominations and currency (such currency to be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee) as shall be provided in the provisions of this Indenture or by or pursuant to the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture creating such series. In the absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of that series shall be issuable only in fully registered form in denominations of U.S. $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The Securities shall be issuable only in registered form, without interest coupons, in denominations of U.S.$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

     Section 2.07. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating .

     The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President and Chief Executive Officer, or its Chief Financial Officer and attested by its Secretary. Any such signature may be manual or facsimile.

     Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signature of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

     At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for authentication and delivery (such Order an “Authentication Order”) with respect to such Securities, and the Trustee shall, upon receipt of such Authentication Order, in accordance with procedures reasonably acceptable to the Trustee set forth in the Authentication Order, and subject to the provisions hereof, authenticate and deliver such Securities to such recipients as may be specified from time to time pursuant to such Authentication Order. The material terms of such Securities shall be determinable by reference to such Authentication Order and procedures.

     Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

     No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized signatory, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.

     Section 2.08. Global Securities .

     Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated by the Company for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture.

     Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary (i) has notified the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered as such under the Exchange Act or announces an intention permanently to cease business or does in fact do so or (B) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global Security.

     If any Global Security is to be exchanged for other Securities or cancelled in whole, it shall be surrendered by or on behalf of the Depositary or its nominee to the Trustee, as Security Registrar, for exchange or cancellation, as provided in this Article 2. If any Global Security is to be exchanged for other Securities or cancelled in part, or if another Security is to be exchanged in whole or in part for a beneficial interest in any Global Security, in each case, as provided in Section 2.09, then either (A) such Global Security shall be so surrendered for exchange or cancellation, as provided in this Article 2, or (B) the principal amount thereof shall be reduced or increased by an amount equal to the portion thereof to be so exchanged or cancelled or equal to the principal amount of such other Security to be so exchanged for a beneficial interest therein, as the case may be, by means of an appropriate adjustment made on the records of the Trustee, as Security Registrar, whereupon the Trustee, in accordance with the Applicable Procedures, shall instruct the Depositary or its authorized representative to make a corresponding adjustment to its records. Upon any such surrender or adjustment of a Global Security, the Trustee shall, subject to Article 2 and as otherwise provided in this Article 2, authenticate and make available for delivery any Securities issuable in exchange for such Global Security (or any portion thereof) to or upon the order of, and registered in such names as may be directed by, the Depositary or its authorized representative. Upon the request of the Trustee in connection with the occurrence of any of the events specified in the preceding paragraph, the Company shall promptly make available to the Trustee a reasonable supply of Securities that are not in the form of Global Securities. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely upon any order, direction or request of the Depositary or its authorized representative which is given or made pursuant to this Article 2.

     Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Article 2 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a registered Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof, in which case such Registered Security shall be authenticated and delivered in definitive, fully registered form, without interest coupons.

     The Depositary or its nominee, as registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture and the Registered Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant to the Applicable Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner’s beneficial interest in a Global Security

shall be shown only on, and the transfer of such interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee or its Agent Members, and such owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall not be considered the owners or holders thereof.

     Section 2.09. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange .

     (a) The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or agency of the Company designated pursuant to Section 8.02 being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “ Security Register ”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Registered Securities and of transfers of Registered Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Registered Securities and transfers and exchanges of Registered Securities as herein provided.

     Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security at an office or agency of the Company designated pursuant to Section 8.02 for such purpose, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and bearing such restrictive legends as may be required by this Indenture.

     At the option of the Holder, and subject to the other provisions of this Section 2.09, Securities may be exchanged for other Securities of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, and subject to the other provisions of this Section 2.09, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, the Securities the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

     All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, subject to the other provisions of this Section 2.09, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

     Unless otherwise provided in the Security to be transferred or exchanged, no service charge shall be made to a Holder for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities except as provided in Section 2.10, but the Company may (unless otherwise provided in such Security) require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.08, 7.06, 10.02 or 12.02(e) (other than where the shares of Common Stock are to be issued or delivered in a name other than that of the Holder of the Security) not involving any transfer and other than any stamp and other duties, if any, that may be imposed in connection with any such transfer or exchange by the United States or any political subdivision thereof or therein, which shall be paid by the Company.

     (b) Neither the Trustee, the Paying Agent nor any of their agents shall (1) have any duty to monitor compliance with or with respect to any federal or state or other securities or tax

laws or (2) have any duty to obtain documentation on any transfers or exchanges other than as specifically required hereunder.

     Section 2.10. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities .

     If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

     If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee:

     (a) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and

     (b) such security or indemnity as may be satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless,

then, in the absence of actual notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

     In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion, but subject to any conversion rights, may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph.

     Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 2.10, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto (other than any stamp and other duties, if any, that may be imposed in connection therewith by the United States or any political subdivision thereof or therein, which shall be paid by the Company) and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

     Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section 2.10 in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and such new Security shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder.

     The provisions of this Section 2.10 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies of any Holder with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

     Section 2.11. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved .

     Interest on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall, if so provided in such Security, be paid, at the option of the Company, in immediately available funds, Registered Common Stock or some combination of

immediately available funds or Registered Common Stock as provided in the Security to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest. For the purpose of any interest payment in Registered Common Stock, whether in whole or in part, such payment will have a Fair Market Value equal to the interest payment due on the Interest Payment Date.

     Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (“ Defaulted Interest ”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (a) or (b) below:

     (a) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date (the “ Special Record Date ”) for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security, the date of the proposed payment and the Special Record Date, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as provided in this clause. The Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest shall be not more than fifteen (15) days and not less than ten (10) days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than fifteen (15) days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder at such Holder’s address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than ten (10) days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (b).

     (b) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after written notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

     Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11 and Section 2.09, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.

     Interest on any Security that is converted in accordance with Section 10.02 during a Record Date Period shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.02.

     Section 2.12. Persons Deemed Owners .

     Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.11) interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

     None of the Company, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar, or any Co-Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests and each of them may act or refrain from acting without liability on any information relating to such records provided by the Depositary.

     Section 2.13. Cancellation .

     All Securities surrendered for payment, repurchase, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or conversion shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee. All Securities so delivered to the Trustee shall, at the written request of the Company, be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section 2.13. The Trustee shall dispose of all cancelled Securities in accordance with applicable law and its customary practices in effect from time to time.

     Section 2.14. Computation of Interest .

     Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve (12) 30-day months.

     Section 2.15. CUSIP Numbers .

     The Company in issuing Securities shall obtain and use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use) in addition to serial numbers and the Trustee shall use such CUSIP numbers in addition to serial numbers in notices of repurchase as a convenience to Holders; provided , however , that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such CUSIP numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a repurchase or redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the serial or other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such repurchase or redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such CUSIP numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in any such CUSIP number.

ARTICLE 3
Satisfaction and Discharge

     Section 3.01. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture . This Indenture shall cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities (except as to any surviving rights of conversion or transfer or exchange of Securities of such series expressly provided for herein or in

the form of Security for such series), and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series, when

     (a) either

     (i) all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (A) Securities of such series which have been destroyed, lost, or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07, and (B) Securities of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 8.03) have been delivered to the Trustee canceled or for cancellation; or

     (ii) all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee canceled or for cancellation

     (A) have become due and payable, or

     (B) will, in accordance with their Scheduled Maturity Date, become due and payable within one year,

and, in any of the cases described in subparagraphs (A) or (B) above, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee, as trust funds in trust for the purpose, (x) an amount in money sufficient, (y) U.S. Government Obligations or Equivalent Government Securities which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, money sufficient, or (z) a combination of (x) and (y) sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities with respect to principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities of such series which have become due and payable), or to the Scheduled Maturity Date; provided , however , that if such U.S. Government Obligations or Equivalent Government Securities are callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, the amount of such money, U.S. Government Obligations, and Equivalent Government Securities deposited with the Trustee must be sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness referred to above if such issuer elects to exercise such call or redemption provisions at any time prior to the Scheduled Maturity Date. The Company, but not the Trustee, shall be responsible for monitoring any such call or redemption provision; and

     (b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Securities of such series; and

     (c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series have been complied with.

     Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company under paragraph (a) of this Section 3.01 and its

obligations to the Trustee with respect to that series under Section 5.07 shall survive, and the obligations of the Trustee under Sections 3.02, 3.04 and 8.03 shall survive. Funds held in trust pursuant to this Section 3.01 are not subject to the provisions of Article 13.

     Section 3.02. Application of Trust Money; Excess Funds . All money and U.S. Government Obligations or Equivalent Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.01 hereof shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and the Securities in respect of which it was deposited, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent), as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Make-Whole Payment, if any, for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. If applicable to a series of Securities as provided in Article 13, funds and Securities held pursuant to this Section 3.02 shall not be subject to the claims of the holders of Senior Debt under Article 13.

     The Company will pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or U.S. Government Obligations or Equivalent Government Securities deposited pursuant to Section 3.01 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the Outstanding Securities.

     Anything in this Article 3 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or U.S. Governmental Obligations or Equivalent Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 3.01 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 3.01), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent satisfaction and discharge.

     Section 3.03. Paying Agent to Repay Moneys Held . Upon the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, all moneys then held by any Paying Agent of the Securities of any series (other than the Trustee) shall, upon demand of the Company, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee, and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys.

     Section 3.04. Return of Unclaimed Amounts . Any amounts deposited with or paid to the Trustee or any Paying Agent or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Securities of any series and not applied but remaining unclaimed by the Holders of such Securities for two years after the date upon which the principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on such Securities, as the case may be, shall have become due and payable, shall be repaid to the Company by the Trustee on Company Request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of any of such Securities shall thereafter look only to the Company for any payment which such Holder may be entitled to collect (until such time as such unclaimed amounts shall escheat, if at all, to the State of New York) and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trustee or Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once a week for two

successive weeks (in each case on any day of the week) in a newspaper printed in the English language and customarily published at least once a day at least five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, in the City and State of New York, a notice that said amounts have not been so applied and that after a date named therein any unclaimed balance of said amounts then remaining will be promptly returned to the Company.

ARTICLE 4
Remedies

     Section 4.01. Events of Default . “ Event of Default ”, wherever used herein, means with respect to any series of Securities any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is either inapplicable to a particular series or it is specifically deleted or modified in the manner contemplated by Article 2:

     (a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of such series when it becomes due and payable, or in the payment of the Make-Whole Amount when due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

     (b) default in the payment of the principal amount of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of such series as and when the same shall become due, either at Maturity, upon redemption, by declaration, or otherwise; or

     (c) failure by the Company to give the Company Notice in accordance with Section 12.02; or

     (d) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant of the Company or any Subsidiary in this Indenture in respect of the Securities of such series (other than a covenant or warranty in respect of the Securities of such series a default in the performance or breach of which is specifically dealt with elsewhere in this Section 4.01), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of ninety (90) days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “ Notice of Default ” hereunder; or

     (e) default in the payment when due of the principal of any indebtedness under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary, if any, in excess of U.S.$2,000,000, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created, if the indebtedness is not discharged and such default continues for a period of thirty (30) days or more, or if such indebtedness has been accelerated, such acceleration is not annulled, within a period of thirty (30) days after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to