INDENTURE

Exhibit 4.1

 

CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

as Issuer

 

and

 

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee

 

 

INDENTURE

 

Dated as of July 1, 2005

 

 

3¼% SENIOR SUBORDINATED CONVERTIBLE NOTES DUE 2013

 

 

 

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE

 

 

“n/a” means not applicable

This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

 

 

INDENTURE, dated as of July 1, 2005, between CV THERAPEUTICS, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, having its principal office at 3172 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94304 (the “ Issuer ” or the “ Company ”), and WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee (the “ Trustee ”), having its principal corporate trust office at Sixth & Marquette, MAC N9303-120, Minneapolis, MN 55479.

 

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

 

The Company has duly authorized the creation of an issue of its 3¼% Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2013 (herein called the “ Securities ”) of substantially the tenor and amount hereinafter set forth, and to provide therefor the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture.

 

All things necessary to make the Securities, when the Securities are executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered hereunder and duly issued by the Company, the valid obligations of the Company, and to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with their and its terms, have been done.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

 

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities, as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

SECTION 1.1. Definitions . For all purposes of this Indenture and the Securities, the following terms are defined as follows:

 

“ Act ”, when used with respect to any Holder of a Security, has the meaning specified in Section 14.4(a) hereof.

 

“ Affiliate ” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control”, when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

 

“ Bankruptcy Law ” means Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

“ Board of Directors ” means either the board of directors of the Company or any committee of that board empowered to act for it with respect to this Indenture.

 

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“ Board Resolution ” means a resolution duly adopted by the Board of Directors, a copy of which, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, shall have been delivered to the Trustee.

 

“ Business Day ”, when used with respect to any Place of Payment or Place of Conversion, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or Place of Conversion, as the case may be, are authorized or obligated by law to close.

 

“ Change of Control ” means the occurrence of any of the following after the original issuance of the Securities:

 

(1) the acquisition by any person, including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, of beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of transactions, of shares of capital stock of the Company entitling such person to exercise 50% or more of the total voting power of all shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in elections of directors, other than any such acquisition by the Company, any subsidiary of the Company or any employee benefit plan of the Company;

 

(2) any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other person, any merger of another person into the Company, or any conveyance, transfer, sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company to another person, other than (a) any such transaction (x) that does not result in any reclassification, conversion, exchange or cancellation of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company and (y) pursuant to which holders of capital stock of the Company immediately prior to such transaction have the entitlement to exercise, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total voting power of all shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the continuing or surviving person immediately after such transaction or (b) any merger which is effected solely to change the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company and results in a reclassification, conversion or exchange of outstanding shares of Common Stock solely into shares of common stock of the surviving entity;

 

(3) during any consecutive two-year period, individuals who at the beginning of that two-year period constituted the Board of Directors (together with any new directors whose election to the Board of Directors, or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of the Company, was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors then still in office who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose elections or nominations for election were previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors then in office; or

 

(4) the Company is liquidated or dissolved or a resolution is passed by the Company’s stockholders approving a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company other than in a transaction which complies with the provisions described in Article 6 of this Indenture.

 

Beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. The term “person” shall include any syndicate or group which would be deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act.

 

“ Chief Executive Officer ” means the chief executive officer of the Company.

 

“ Closing Price ” of any security on any date of determination means:

 

(1) the closing sale price (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the last reported sale price) of such security (regular way) on the New York Stock Exchange on such date;

 

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(2) if such security is not listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange on any such date, the closing sale price as reported in the composite transactions for the principal U.S. securities exchange on which such security is so listed;

 

(3) if such security is not so listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, the closing sale price as reported by the Nasdaq National Market or Nasdaq SmallCap Market;

 

(4) if such security is not so reported, the last quoted bid price for such security in the over-the-counter market as reported by the National Quotation Bureau or similar organization; or

 

(5) if such bid price is not available, the average of the mid-point of the last bid and ask prices of such security on such date from at least three nationally recognized independent investment banking firms retained for this purpose by the Company.

 

“ Common Stock ” means any stock of any class of the Company which has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company and which is not subject to redemption by the Company. However, subject to the provisions of Section 12.11 hereof, shares issuable on conversion of Securities shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the Company, provided , however , that if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such reclassifications.

 

“ Company ” means the corporation named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor corporation shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor corporation.

 

“ Company Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.3 hereof.

 

“ Company Order ” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by both (1) the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and (2) so long as not the same as the officer signing pursuant to clause (1), the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“ Conversion Agent ” means any Person authorized by the Company to convert Securities in accordance with Article 12 hereof.

 

“ Conversion Price ” shall equal (i) $1,000 divided by (ii) the Conversion Rate for $1,000 principal amount of Securities.

 

“ Conversion Rate ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.1 hereof.

 

“ Corporate Trust Office ” means for purposes of presentation or surrender of Securities for payment, registration, transfer, exchange or conversion or for service of notices or demands upon the Company, the office of the Trustee located in the City of New York (which at the date of this Indenture is located at Wells Fargo Corporate Trust, c/o The Depository Trust Company, 1st Floor, TADS Dept., 55 Water Street, New York, NY 10041), and for all other purposes, the office of the Trustee located in the City of Minneapolis, Minnesota (which at the date of this Indenture is located at Sixth & Marquette, MAC N9303-120, Minneapolis, MN 55479).

 

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“ Corporation ” means corporations, associations, limited liability companies, companies and business trusts.

 

“ Current Market Price ” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.4(g).

 

“ Custodian ” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

 

“ Default ” means an event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

 

“ Defaulted Interest ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.17 hereof.

 

“ Depositary ” means The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors.

 

“ Designated Senior Debt ” means Senior Debt of the Company which, at the date of determination, has an aggregate amount outstanding of, or under which, at the date of determination, the holders thereof are committed to lend up to, at least $12.5 million and is specifically designated in the instrument, agreement or other document evidencing or governing that Senior Debt as “Designated Senior Debt” for purposes of this Indenture ( provided , however , that such instrument, agreement or other document may place limitations and conditions on the right of such Senior Debt to exercise the rights of Designated Senior Debt).

 

“ Dollar ,” “ U.S. Dollar ” or “ U.S. $ ” means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

 

“ DTC Participants ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.8 hereof.

 

“ Escrow Account ” means the escrow account provided for under the Pledge and Escrow Agreement.

 

“ Escrow Agent ” means Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, in its capacity as escrow agent under the Pledge and Escrow Agreement, and any permitted successors thereto.

 

“ Event of Default ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.1 hereof.

 

“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“ Expiration Time ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.4(f) hereof.

 

“ fair market value ” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.4(g) hereof.

 

“ Fundamental Change ” means the occurrence of either a Change of Control or a Termination of Trading.

 

“ Fundamental Change Effective Date ” means the date on which any Fundamental Change becomes effective.

 

“ Global Security ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.2 hereof.

 

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“ Guarantee ” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person, directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any other Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:

 

(1) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness of such other Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or

 

(2) entered into for purposes of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part);

 

provided , however , that the term “guarantee” will not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

 

“ Holder ,” when used with respect to any Security, means the Person in whose name the Security is registered in the Register.

 

“ Indebtedness ,” when used with respect to any Person, and without duplication means:

 

(1) all indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person for borrowed money (including obligations of the Company in respect of overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange agreements, Interest Rate Protection Agreements, and any loans or advances from banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments) or evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other instruments for the payment of money, or incurred in connection with the acquisition of any property, services or assets (whether or not the recourse of the lender is to the whole of the assets of such Person or to only a portion thereof), other than any account payable or other accrued current liability or obligation to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services;

 

(2) all reimbursement obligations and other liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person with respect to letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances, surety bonds, performance bonds or other guaranty of contractual performance;

 

(3) all obligations and liabilities (contingent or otherwise) in respect of (a) leases of such Person required, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, to be accounted for as capitalized lease obligations on the balance sheet of such Person and (b) any lease or related documents (including a purchase agreement) in connection with the lease of real property which provides that such Person is contractually obligated to purchase or cause a third party to purchase the leased property and thereby guarantee a minimum residual value of the leased property to the landlord and the obligations of such Person under such lease or related document to purchase or to cause a third party to purchase the leased property;

 

(4) all obligations of such Person (contingent or otherwise) with respect to an interest rate or other swap, cap or collar agreement or other similar instrument or agreement or foreign currency hedge, exchange, purchase or similar instrument or agreement;

 

(5) all direct or indirect guaranties or similar agreements by such Person in respect of, and obligations or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person to purchase or otherwise acquire or otherwise assure a creditor against loss in respect of, indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of another Person of the kind described in clauses (1) through (4);

 

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(6) any indebtedness or other obligations described in clauses (1) through (4) secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien or other encumbrance existing on property which is owned or held by such Person, regardless of whether the indebtedness or other obligation secured thereby shall have been assumed by such Person; and

 

(7) any and all deferrals, renewals, extensions, refinancings, replacements, restatements and refundings of, or amendments, modifications or supplements to, any indebtedness, obligation or liability of the kind described in clauses (1) through (6).

 

“ Indenture ” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof.

 

“ Interest Payment Date ” means each February 16 and August 16.

 

“ Interest Rate ” means 3¼% per annum.

 

“ Interest Rate Protection Agreement ” means, with respect to any Person, any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap or collar agreement or other financial agreement or arrangement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates, as in effect from time to time.

 

“ Make-Whole Premium ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.13 hereof.

 

“ Maturity ” means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by acceleration, conversion, call for redemption, exercise of a Repurchase Right or otherwise.

 

“ Measurement Period ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.4(d) hereof.

 

“ Nasdaq National Market ” means the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation National Market or any successor national securities exchange or automated over-the-counter trading market in the United States.

 

“ Non-Electing Share ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.11 hereof.

 

“ Officer ” of the Company means the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Vice President, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.

 

“ Officers’ Certificate ” means a certificate signed by both (1) the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and (2) so long as not the same as the officer signing pursuant to clause (1), the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

 

“ Opinion of Counsel ” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel to the Company (and may include directors or employees of the Company) and which opinion is acceptable to the Trustee, which acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld.

 

“ Outstanding ,” when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except Securities:

 

(1) previously canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

 

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(2) for the payment or redemption of which money in the necessary amount has been previously deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities, provided , however , that if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture; and

 

(3) which have been paid, in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company.

 

“ Paying Agent ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.5 hereof.

 

“ Payment Blockage Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 13.1(d) hereof.

 

“ Person ” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, estate, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

“ Physical Securities ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.2 hereof.

 

“ Place of Conversion ” means any city in which any Conversion Agent is located.

 

“ Place of Payment ” means any city in which any Paying Agent is located.

 

“ Pledge and Escrow Agreement ” means the Pledge and Escrow Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2005, between the Company and the Escrow Agent.

 

“ Predecessor Security ” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.12 hereof in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

 

“ Purchase Agreement ” means the Purchase Agreement with respect to the Securities, dated June 29, 2005, between the Company and the Underwriters.

 

“ Quoted Price ” of the Common Stock means the last reported sale price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market or, if the Common Stock is listed on a national securities exchange, then on such exchange, or if the Common Stock is not quoted on Nasdaq National Market or listed on an exchange, the average of the last bid and asked price on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System.

 

“ Record Date ” means either a Regular Record Date or a Special Record Date, as the case may be, provided that, for purposes of Section 12.4 hereof, Record Date has the meaning specified in Section 12.4(g) hereof.

 

“ Redemption Date ,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption pursuant to this Indenture.

 

“ Redemption Price ” has the meaning specified in Section 10.1 hereof.

 

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“ Reference Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.4(d) hereof.

 

“ Register ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.5 hereof.

 

“ Registrar ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.5 hereof.

 

“ Regular Record Date ” for the interest on the Securities payable means the February 1 (whether or not a Business Day) next preceding a February 16 Interest Payment Date and the August 1 (whether or not a Business Day) next preceding an August 16 Interest Payment Date.

 

“ Repurchase Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.1 hereof.

 

“ Repurchase Price ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.1 hereof.

 

“ Repurchase Right ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.1 hereof.

 

“ Responsible Officer ,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, secretary, assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant treasurer, the managing director or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

 

“ Rights ” means any common stock or preferred stock purchase right, as the case may be, that all or substantially all shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive under a Rights Plan.

 

“ Rights Plan ” means the Company’s preferred shares rights plan in connection with the First Amended and Restated Rights Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2000, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as successor to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and any preferred shares rights plan or any similar plan adopted by the Company after the date hereof.

 

“ SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“ Securities ” has the meaning ascribed to it in the first paragraph under the caption “Recitals of the Company.”

 

“ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

“ Senior Debt ” means the principal of, premium, if any, interest (including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) and rent payable on or termination payment with respect to or in connection with, and all fees, costs, expenses and other amounts accrued or due on or in connection with, Indebtedness of the Company, whether outstanding on the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed, guaranteed or in effect guaranteed by the Company (including all deferrals, renewals, extensions or refundings of, or amendments, modifications or supplements to, the foregoing), except for (a) any particular Indebtedness in respect of which the instrument creating or evidencing the same or the assumption or guarantee thereof expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the Securities or expressly provides that such Indebtedness is pari passu or junior to the Securities and (b) any Indebtedness between or among the Company and/or any of its subsidiaries, or any of the Company’s Affiliates. The term “Senior Debt” shall include, without limitation, all Designated Senior Debt.

 

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“ Significant Subsidiary ” means any Subsidiary which is a “significant subsidiary” within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

“ Special Record Date ” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.17 hereof.

 

“ Spin-off ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.4(d) hereof.

 

“ Stated Maturity ” means the date specified in any Security as the fixed date for the payment of principal on such Security or on which an installment of interest on such Security is due and payable.

 

“ Stock Price ” means (i) in connection with a Fundamental Change in which the Holders receive only cash, the amount of cash paid per share of Common Stock in connection with the Fundamental Change, and (ii) in all other cases means the average of the Closing Price of the Common Stock for the 20 Trading Days ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Effective Date for such Fundamental Change.

 

“ Subsidiary ” means a corporation more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition only, “voting stock” means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

 

“ Termination of Trading ” means the occurrence of the Common Stock or any other common stock into which the Securities are then convertible being neither listed for trading on a United States national securities exchange nor approved for listing on Nasdaq National Market or any similar United States system of automated dissemination of quotations of securities prices or traded in over-the-counter securities markets, and no American Depositary Shares or similar instruments for such common stock are so listed or approved for listing in the United States.

 

“ TIA ” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb), as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided , however , that in the event the TIA is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as so amended, or any successor statute.

 

“ Trading Day ” means a day during which trading in securities generally occurs on The New York Stock Exchange or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on The New York Stock Exchange, on the principal other national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a national or regional securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market or, if the Common Stock is not then quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is traded.

 

“ Transfer Agent ” means any Person, which may be the Company, authorized by the Company to exchange or register the transfer of Securities.

 

“ Trigger Event ” has the meaning specified in Section 12.4(d) hereof.

 

“ Trustee ” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean such successor Trustee.

 

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“ Underwriters ” means Lehman Brothers Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

 

“ U.S. Government Obligations ” means: (1) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (2) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America and which, in either case, are non-callable at the option of the issuer thereof.

 

“ Vice President ,” when used with respect to the Company, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president.”

 

SECTION 1.2. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.

 

The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

 

(i) “indenture securities” means the Securities;

 

(ii) “indenture security holder” means a Holder;

 

(iii) “indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture;

 

(iv) “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee; and

 

(v) “obligor” on the Securities means the Company and any other obligor on the indenture securities.

 

All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule have the meanings assigned to them by such definitions.

 

SECTION 1.3. Rules of Construction. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

 

(2) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States prevailing at the time of any relevant computation hereunder; and

 

(3) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

 

ARTICLE 2

THE SECURITIES

 

SECTION 2.1. Title and Terms . The Securities shall be known and designated as the “3¼% Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2013” of the Company. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is limited to $130,000,000 (or $149,500,000 if the option set forth in Section 2(b) of the Purchase Agreement is exercised in full), except for securities

 

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authenticated and delivered upon registration of, transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of other Securities pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.12, 7.5, 10.7, 11.1 or 12.2 hereof. The Securities shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof.

 

The Securities shall mature on August 16, 2013.

 

Interest shall accrue from July 1, 2005 at the Interest Rate until the principal thereof is paid or made available for payment. Interest shall be payable semiannually in arrears on February 16 and August 16 of each year, commencing February 16, 2006.

 

Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, and for any period shorter than a full semiannual period for which interest is calculated, on the basis of a 30-day month, and for such periods of less than a month, the actual number of days elapsed over a 30-day month.

 

A Holder of any Security at the close of business on a Regular Record Date shall be entitled to receive interest on such Security on the corresponding Interest Payment Date. If the Company is required by law to withhold any taxes with respect to a deemed distribution to a Holder resulting from a Conversion Rate adjustment, such taxes may be withheld from interest payments made to such Holder on or after the date of such Conversion Price adjustment.

 

A Holder of any Security which is converted after the close of business on a Regular Record Date and prior to the corresponding Interest Payment Date (other than any Security whose Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date) shall be entitled to receive interest on the principal amount of such Security on such Interest Payment Date, notwithstanding the conversion of such Security prior to such Interest Payment Date. However, any such Holder which surrenders any such Security for conversion during the period between the close of business on such Regular Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the corresponding Interest Payment Date shall be required to pay the Company an amount equal to the interest on the principal amount of such Security so converted (but excluding any overdue interest on the principal amount of such Security so converted that exists at the time such Holder surrenders such Security for conversion), which is payable by the Company to such Holder on such Interest Payment Date, at the time such Holder surrenders such Security for conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any such Holder which surrenders for conversion any Security (a) which has been called for redemption by the Company in a notice of redemption given by the Company pursuant to Section 10.4 hereof on a Redemption Date after such Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date or (b) with respect to which the Company has specified a Repurchase Date that is after such Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, in either case, shall be entitled to receive (and retain) such interest and need not pay the Company an amount equal to the interest on the principal amount of such Security so converted at the time such Holder surrenders such Security for conversion.

 

Principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, Global Securities shall be payable to the Depositary in immediately available funds.

 

Principal and premium, if any, on Physical Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose, initially the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. Interest on Physical Securities will be payable by (i) U.S. Dollar check drawn on a bank located in the city where the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is located mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Register, or (ii) upon application to the Registrar not later than the relevant Record Date by a Holder of an aggregate principal amount in excess of $5,000,000, wire transfer in immediately available funds.

 

The Securities shall be redeemable at the option of the Company as provided in Article 10 hereof.

 

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The Securities shall have the repurchase rights exercisable at the option of Holders as provided in Article 11 hereof.

 

The Securities shall be convertible as provided in Article 12 hereof.

 

The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior Debt of the Company as provided in Article 13 hereof.

 

SECTION 2.2. Form of Securities. The Securities and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit A , which is incorporated in and made a part of this Indenture. The terms and provisions contained in the form of Security shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and to the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby.

 

Any of the Securities may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such notations, legends and endorsements as the Officers executing the same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Securities may be listed or designated for issuance, or to conform to usage.

 

The Securities shall be issued initially only in the form of one or more permanent Global Securities (each, a “ Global Security ”) in registered form without interest coupons. The Global Securities shall be:

 

(1) duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee as hereinafter provided;

 

(2) registered in the name of the Depositary (or its nominee) for credit to the respective accounts of the Holders at the Depositary; and

 

(3) deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary.

 

The Global Securities shall be substantially in the form of Security set forth in Exhibit A annexed hereto (including the text and schedule called for by footnotes 1 and 2 thereto). The aggregate principal amount of the Global Securities may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary (or its nominee), in accordance with the instructions given by the Holder thereof, as hereinafter provided.

 

Securities issued in exchange for interests in the Global Securities pursuant to Section 2.8(d) hereof shall be issued in the form of permanent definitive Securities (the “ Physical Securities ”) in registered form without interest coupons. The Physical Securities shall be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A annexed hereto.

 

The Securities shall be typed, printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods or may be produced in any other manner permitted by the rules of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, all as determined by the Officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

 

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SECTION 2.3. Legend . Each Global Security shall bear the following legend on the face thereof:

 

UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (“DTC”) TO CV THERAPEUTICS, INC. (OR ITS SUCCESSOR) OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE, CONVERSION OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

 

SECTION 2.4. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. Two Officers shall execute the Securities on behalf of the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall be valid nevertheless.

 

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities as in this Indenture provided and not otherwise.

 

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by or on behalf of the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.

 

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent or agents reasonably acceptable to the Company with respect to the Securities. Unless limited by the terms of such appointment, an authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent.

 

SECTION 2.5. Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (the “ Registrar ”) and an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment (the “ Paying Agent ”). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities (the “ Register ”) and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional Paying Agents for the Securities. The term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent and the term “Registrar” includes any additional registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without prior notice to any Holder.

 

The Company will cause each Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will:

 

(1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on Securities in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in this Indenture;

 

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(2) give the Trustee notice of any Default by the Company in the making of any payment of principal and premium, if any, or interest; and

 

(3) at any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

 

The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address of any Agent who is not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any Affiliate of the Company may act as Paying Agent or Registrar; provided , however , that none of the Company, its Subsidiaries or the Affiliates of the foregoing shall act:

 

(i) as Paying Agent in connection with redemptions, offers to purchase and discharges, as otherwise specified in this Indenture, and

 

(ii) as Paying Agent or Registrar if a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

The Company hereby initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent for the Securities.

 

SECTION 2.6. Paying Agent to Hold Assets in Trust. Not later than 11:00 a.m. (New York City time) on each due date of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on any Securities, the Company shall deposit with one or more Paying Agents money in immediately available funds sufficient to pay such principal, premium, if any, and interest so becoming due. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company) shall have no further liability for the money so paid over to the Trustee.

 

If the Company shall act as a Paying Agent, it shall, prior to or on each due date of the principal of and premium, if any, or interest on any of the Securities, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders a sum sufficient with monies held by all other Paying Agents, to pay the principal and premium, if any, or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in this Indenture, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure to act.

 

SECTION 2.7. General Provisions Relating to Transfer and Exchange. The Securities are issuable only in registered form. A Holder may transfer a Security only by written application to the Registrar stating the name of the proposed transferee and otherwise complying with the terms of this Indenture. No such transfer shall be effected until, and such transferee shall succeed to the rights of a Holder only upon, final acceptance and registration of the transfer by the Registrar in the Register. Furthermore, any Holder of a Global Security shall, by acceptance of such Global Security, agree that transfers of beneficial interests in such Global Security may be effected only through a book-entry system maintained by the Holder of such Global Security (or its agent) and that ownership of a beneficial interest in the Security shall be required to be reflected in a book-entry.

 

When Securities are presented to the Registrar with a request to register the transfer or to exchange them for an equal aggregate principal amount of Securities of other authorized denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested if its requirements for such transactions are met (including that such Securities are duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer duly executed by the Holder thereof or by an attorney who is authorized in writing to act on behalf of the Holder). Subject to Section 2.4 hereof, to permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange or redemption of the Securities, but the Company may require

 

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payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer taxes or other similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Section 2.14, 7.5 or 10.7 hereof).

 

Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required to exchange or register a transfer of any Securities:

 

(1) for a period of 15 Business Days prior to the day of any selection of Securities for redemption under Article 10 hereof;

 

(2) so selected for redemption or, if a portion of any Security is selected for redemption, such portion thereof selected for redemption; or

 

(3) surrendered for conversion or, if a portion of any Security is surrendered for conversion, such portion thereof surrendered for conversion.

 

SECTION 2.8. Book-Entry Provisions for the Global Securities.

 

(a) The Global Securities initially shall

 

(i) be registered in the name of the Depositary (or a nominee thereof);

 

(ii) be delivered to the Trustee as custodian for such Depositary; and

 

(iii) bear the Restricted Securities Legend as set forth in Section 2.3(a)(i) hereof.

 

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“ DTC Participants ”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under such Global Security, and the Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of such Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and the DTC Participants, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a Holder of any Security.

 

(b) The registered Holder of a Global Security may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including DTC Participants and Persons that may hold interests through DTC Participants, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

 

(c) A Global Security may not be transferred, in whole or in part, to any Person other than the Depositary (or a nominee thereof), and no such transfer to any such other Person may be registered. Beneficial interests in a Global Security may be transferred in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary and the provisions of Section 2.9 hereof.

 

(d) If at any time:

 

(i) the Depositary notifies the Company in writing that it is no longer willing or able to continue to act as Depositary for the Global Securities, or the Depositary ceases to be a “clearing agency” registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depositary for the Global Securities is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice or cessation;

 

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(ii) the Company, at its option, notifies the Trustee in writing that it elects to cause the issuance of the Securities in definitive form under this Indenture in exchange for all or any part of the Securities represented by a Global Security or Global Securities; or

 

(iii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Registrar has received a request from the Depositary for the issuance of Physical Securities in exchange for such Global Security or Global Securities,

 

the Depositary shall surrender such Global Security or Global Securities to the Trustee for cancellation and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate and Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Securities, shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such Global Security or Global Securities, Physical Securities of like tenor as that of the Global Securities in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of such Global Security or Global Securities. Such Physical Securities shall be registered in such names as the Depositary shall identify in writing as the beneficial owners of the Securities represented by such Global Security or Global Securities (or any nominees thereof).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in connection with any transfer of beneficial interests in a Global Security to beneficial owners pursuant to Section 2.8(d) hereof, the Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of such Global Security in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in such Global Security to be transferred.

 

SECTION 2.9. [Reserved] .

 

SECTION 2.10. Holder Lists . The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders and shall otherwise comply with Section 312(a) of the TIA. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee prior to or on each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of Holders relating to such Interest Payment Date or request, as the case may be.

 

SECTION 2.11. Persons Deemed Owners. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the registered Holder of a Global Security as the absolute owner of such Global Security for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon, or any notice of previous loss or theft or other interest therein. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon, or any notice of previous loss or theft or other interest therein.

 

SECTION 2.12. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

If there is delivered to the Company and the Trustee

 

(1) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and

 

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(2) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless,

 

then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon request, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

 

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion, but subject to any conversion rights, may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security, upon satisfaction of the condition set forth in the preceding paragraph.

 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

 

Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and such new Security shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

 

The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

 

SECTION 2.13. Treasury Securities. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities are present at a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes or have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Securities owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such determination as to the presence of a quorum or upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only such Securities of which the Trustee has received written notice and are so owned shall be so disregarded.

 

SECTION 2.14. Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of Securities in definitive form, the Company may execute and the Trustee shall, upon written request of the Company, authenticate and deliver temporary Securities (printed or lithographed). Temporary Securities shall be issuable in any authorized denomination, and substantially in the form of the Securities in definitive form but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every such temporary Security shall be executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with the same effect, as the Securities in definitive form. Without unreasonable delay, the Company will execute and deliver to the Trustee Securities in definitive form (other than in the case of Securities in global form) and thereupon any or all temporary Securities (other than any such Securities in global form) may be surrendered in exchange therefor, at each office or agency maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 9.2 and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of Securities in definitive form. Such exchange shall be made by the Company at its own expense and without any charge therefor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits and subject to the same limitations under this Indenture as Securities in definitive form authenticated and delivered hereunder.

 

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SECTION 2.15. Cancellation . All securities surrendered for payment, redemption, repurchase, conversion, registration of transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee. All Securities so delivered shall be canceled promptly by the Trustee, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. Upon written instructions of the Company, the Trustee shall dispose of the Securities in accordance with its usual and customary policies and procedures and, thereafter, shall deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company. If the Company shall acquire any of the Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

 

SECTION 2.16. CUSIP Numbers . The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and the Trustee shall use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders; provided , however , that any such notice shall state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any such notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the CUSIP numbers.

 

SECTION 2.17. Defaulted Interest. If the Company fails to make a payment of interest on any Security when due and payable (“ Defaulted Interest ”), it shall pay such Defaulted Interest plus (to the extent lawful) any interest payable on the Defaulted Interest, in any lawful manner. It may elect to pay such Defaulted Interest, plus any such interest payable on it, to the Persons who are Holders of such Securities on which the interest is due on a subsequent Special Record Date. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security. The Company shall fix any such Special Record Date and payment date for such payment. At least 15 days before any such Special Record Date, the Company shall mail to Holders affected thereby a notice that states the Special Record Date, the Interest Payment Date, and amount of such interest to be paid.

 

ARTICLE 3

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

 

SECTION 3.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. When:

 

(1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities previously authenticated (other than any Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered) and not previously canceled, or

 

(2) (A) All the securities not previously canceled or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption,

 

(B)

The Company shall deposit with the Trustee, in trust, cash in U.S. dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof, in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on the Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay principal of, premium, if any, or interest on all of the Securities (other than any Securities which shall have been mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen and in lieu of

 

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or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered) not previously canceled or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, on the dates such payments of principal, premium, if any, or interest are due to such date of maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and

 

(C) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (y) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in the case of either clause (x) or (y) to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and discharge and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and discharge had not occurred,

 

and if, in the case of either clause (1) or (2), the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company, then this Indenture shall cease to be of further effect (except as to: (i) remaining rights of registration of transfer, substitution and exchange and conversion of Securities, (ii) rights hereunder of Holders to receive payments of principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities and the other rights, duties and obligations of Holders, as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the amounts, if any, so deposited with the Trustee, and (iii) the rights, obligations and immunities of the Trustee hereunder), and the Trustee, on demand of the Company accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel and at the cost and expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture; provided , however , that the Company shall reimburse the Trustee for all amounts due the Trustee under Section 5.8 hereof and for any costs or expenses thereafter reasonably and properly incurred by the Trustee and to compensate the Trustee for any services thereafter reasonably and properly rendered by the Trustee in connection with this Indenture or the Securities.

 

SECTION 3.2. Deposited Monies To Be Held in Trust. Subject to Section 3.3 hereof, all monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof shall be held in trust and applied by it to the payment, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 13 hereof, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company if acting as its own Paying Agent), to the Holders of the particular Securities for the payment or redemption of which such monies have been deposited with the Trustee, of all sums due and to become due thereon for principal, premium, if any, and interest. All monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof (and held by it or any Paying Agent) for the payment of Securities subsequently converted shall be returned to the Company upon request of the Company.

 

SECTION 3.3. Return of Unclaimed Monies. The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company any money held by them for the payment of principal or premium, if any, or interest that remains unclaimed for two years after the date upon which such payment shall have become due. After payment to the Company, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another Person, and all liability of the Trustee and the Paying Agent with respect to such money shall cease.

 

ARTICLE 4

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES

 

SECTION 4.1. Events of Default. An “ Event of Default ” with respect to the Securities occurs when any of the following occurs (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article 13 hereof or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

 

(a) the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on any of the Securities when it becomes due and payable, at Maturity, upon redemption or exercise of a Repurchase Right or otherwise, whether or not such payment is prohibited by Article 13 hereof; or

 

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(b) the Company defaults in the payment of interest on any of the Securities when it becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, whether or not such payment is prohibited by Article 13 hereof; provided , however , that the Company’s failure to pay interest on any of the Securities within five Business Days of any Interest Payment Date prior to and including August 16, 2008 shall constitute an immediate Event of Default; or

 

(c) the Company fails to deliver shares of Common Stock, together with cash instead of fractional shares, when those shares of Common Stock or cash instead of fractional shares is required to be delivered following conversion of a Security in accordance with Article 12, and that failure continues for 10 days; or

 

(d) the Company fails to perform or observe any other term, covenant or agreement contained in the Securities or this Indenture and the failure continues for a period of 60 days after written notice of such failure, requiring the Company to remedy the same, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities; or

 

(e) (i) the Company fails to make any payment by the end of the applicable grace period, if any, after the maturity of any Indebtedness for borrowed money in an amount in excess of $5,000,000 or (ii) there is an acceleration of any Indebtedness for borrowed money in an amount in excess of $5,000,000 because of a default with respect to such Indebtedness without such Indebtedness having been discharged or such acceleration having been cured, waived, rescinded or annulled, in the case of either (i) or (ii) above, for a period of 30 days after written notice to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities; or

 

(f) the Company fails to provide the Company Notice in accordance with the terms of Section 11.3(a) hereof; or

 

(g) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (i) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable U.S. federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (ii) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable U.S. federal or state law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

 

(h)

the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable U.S. federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by the Company to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable U.S. federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against the Company, or the filing by the Company of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable U.S. federal or state law, or the consent by the Company to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or the taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or

 

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of any substantial part of its property, or the making by the Company of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by the Company in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company expressly in furtherance of any such action; or

 

(i) the Pledge and Escrow Agreement ceases to be in full force and effect or enforceable prior to its expiration in accordance with its terms.

 

SECTION 4.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default with respect to Outstanding Securities (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 4.1(g) or 4.1(h) hereof) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare due and payable 100% of the principal amount of all Outstanding Securities plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of payment. Upon a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest to the date of payment shall be immediately due and payable.

 

If an Event of Default specified in Section 4.1(g) or 4.1(h) hereof occurs, all unpaid principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the Outstanding Securities shall become and be immediately due and payable, without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

 

The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities by written notice to the Trustee may rescind and annul an acceleration and its consequences if:

 

(1) all existing Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of principal of or interest on the Securities which has become due solely because of the acceleration, have been remedied, cured or waived, and

 

(2) the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction;

 

provided , however , that in the event such declaration of acceleration has been made based on the existence of an Event of Default under Section 4.1(e) hereof and such Event of Default has been remedied, cured or waived in accordance with Section 4.1(e) hereof, then, without any further action by the Holders, such declaration of acceleration shall be rescinded automatically and the consequences of such declaration shall be annulled. No such rescission or annulment shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

SECTION 4.3. Other Remedies . If an Event of Default with respect to Outstanding Securities occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy by proceeding at law or in equity to collect the payment of principal of or interest on the Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities.

 

The Trustee may maintain a proceeding in which it may prosecute and enforce all rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities, even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding.

 

SECTION 4.4. Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders, either (a) through the written consent of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities or (b) by the adoption of a resolution, at a meeting of Holders of the Outstanding Securities at which a quorum is present, by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities represented at such meeting, may, on behalf of the Holders of all of the Securities, waive an existing Default or Event of Default, except a Default or Event of Default:

 

(1) in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any Security ( provided , however , that subject to Section 4.7 hereof, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

 

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(2) in respect of the right to convert any Security in accordance with Article 12; or

 

(3) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which, under Section 7.2 hereof, cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected.

 

Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; provided , however , that no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

SECTION 4.5. Control by Majority. The Holders, either (a) through the written consent of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or (b) by the adoption of a resolution, at a meeting of Holders of the Outstanding Securities at which a quorum is present, by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities represented at such meeting, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that:

 

(1) conflicts with any law or with this Indenture,

 

(2) the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of the Holders not joining therein, or

 

(3) may expose the Trustee to personal liability.

 

The Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

 

SECTION 4.6. Limitation on Suit. No Holder of any Security shall have any right to pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities (including instituting any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee) unless:

 

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of an Event of Default that is continuing;

 

(2) the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have made written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

 

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against any costs, expenses and liabilities incurred in complying with such request;

 

(4) the Trustee has failed to comply with the request for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity; and

 

(5) during such 60-day period, no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities (or such amount as shall have acted at a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture);

 

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provided , however , that no one or more of such Holders may use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder or to obtain preference or priority over another Holder.

 

SECTION 4.7. Unconditional Rights of Holders to Receive Payment and to Convert. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date, or in the case of the exercise of a Repurchase Right on the Repurchase Date) and to convert such Security in accordance with Article 12, and to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates and right to convert, and such rights shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.

 

SECTION 4.8. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by the Trustee. The Company covenants that if:

 

(1) a Default or Event of Default occurs in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such Default or Event of Default continues for a period of 30 days, or

 

(2) a Default or Event of Default occurs in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on any Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable (as expressed therein or as a result of any acceleration effected pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof) on such Securities for principal and premium, if any, and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium, if any, and on any overdue interest, in each case at the Interest Rate, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

 

If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company, wherever situated.

 

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

 

SECTION 4.9. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or the property of the Company or its creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, (1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and premium, if any, and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders of Securities

 

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allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (2) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceedings is hereby authorized by each Holder of Securities to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders of Securities, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 5.8.

 

Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept, or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security, any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a Security in any such proceeding.

 

SECTION 4.10. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of Securities shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

 

SECTION 4.11. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 2.12, no right or remedy conferred in this Indenture upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

 

SECTION 4.12. Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or any acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities, as the case may be.

 

SECTION 4.13. Application of Money Collected. Subject to Article 13, any money and property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money and property on account of principal or premium, if any, or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

 

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee;

 

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Securities and coupons in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and

 

THIRD: Any remaining amounts shall be repaid to the Company.

 

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SECTION 4.14. Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by such Holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder of any Security for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption or exercise of a repurchase right, on or after the Redemption Date) or for the enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with Article 12.

 

SECTION 4.15. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim to take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

 

ARTICLE 5

THE TRUSTEE

 

SECTION 5.1. Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

 

(a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

 

(1) The Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture or the TIA, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

 

(2) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; provided , however , that in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine the certificates or opinions to determine whether or not, on their face, they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not investigate or confirm the accuracy of any facts stated therein).

 

(b) In case an Event of Default actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.

 

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

 

(1) This paragraph (c) shall not be construed to limit the effect of paragraph (a) of this Section 5.1;

 

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(2) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and

 

(3) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities (or such lesser amount as shall have acted at a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture) relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

 

(d) Whether or not herein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 5.1.

 

(e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers. The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability, cost or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable fees of counsel).

 

(f) The Trustee shall not be obligated to pay interest on any money or other assets received by it unless otherwise agreed in writing with the Company. Assets held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

 

(g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Company, and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation.

 

(h) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice or actual knowledge of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact a Default or Event of Default is received by the Trustee pursuant to Section 14.2 hereof, and such notice is received from the Company or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture.

 

(i) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee hereunder, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each Paying Agent, authenticating agent, Conversion Agent or Registrar acting hereunder.

 

SECTION 5.2. Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of Section 5.1 hereof and subject to Sections 315(a) through (d) of the TIA:

 

(1) The Trustee may rely on any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

 

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(2) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on the Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel

 

(3) The Trustee may act through attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any attorney or agent appointed with due care.

 

(4) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith which it believed to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture, unless the Trustee’s conduct constitutes negligence.

 

(5) The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel as to matters of law shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, omitted or suffered by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.

 

(6) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.

 

(7) The permissive rights of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty unless so specified herein.

 

SECTION 5.3. Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest (as such term is defined in Section 310(b) of the TIA), it must eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee (to the extent permitted under Section 310(b) of the TIA) or resign. Any agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 5.11 and 5.12 hereof.

 

SECTION 5.4. Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise expressly agreed with the Company.

 

SECTION 5.5. Trustee’s Disclaimer. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities (except for those in the certificate of authentication) shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity, sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

 

SECTION 5.6. Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default hereunder of which the Trustee has received written notice, the Trustee shall give notice to Holders pursuant to Section 14.2 hereof, unless such Default or Event of Default shall have been cured or waived; provided , however , that, except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest, or in the payment of any redemption or repurchase obligation, on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders.

 

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SECTION 5.7. Reports by Trustee to Holders. The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required by Section 313 of the TIA at the times and in the manner provided by the TIA.

 

A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Holders shall be filed with the SEC, if required, and each stock exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Securities become listed on any stock exchange.

 

SECTION 5.8. Compensation and Indemnification. The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) and the Company covenants and agrees to pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by it or on its behalf in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all agents and other persons not regularly in its employ), except to the extent that any such expense, disbursement or advance is due to its negligence or bad faith. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 4.1 hereof, the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee and its officers, directors, employees and agents for, and to hold such Persons harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred by them, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or the trusts hereunder or the performance of their duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending themselves against or investigating any claim of liability in the premises, except to the extent that any such loss, liability or expense was due to the negligence or willful misconduct of such Persons. The obligations of the Company under this Section 5.8 to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and its officers, directors, employees and agents and to pay or reimburse such Persons for expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee. Such additional indebtedness shall be a senior claim to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities, and the Securities are hereby subordinated to such senior claim. “Trustee” for pur