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INDENTURE

Indenture Agreement

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GERON CORPORATION

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Title: INDENTURE
Date: 7/9/2009
Industry: Biotechnology and Drugs     Sector: Healthcare

INDENTURE, Parties: geron corporation
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EXHIBIT 4.5

FORM OF INDENTURE TO BE ENTERED INTO BETWEEN
THE COMPANY AND A TRUSTEE TO BE NAMED

GERON CORPORATION

------------------------

INDENTURE

Dated as of _________, 20__

 

[Name of Trustee]
Trustee


TABLE OF CONTENTS

           

 

     

 

Page

ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE  

2  

Section 1.1.  

Definitions  

2  

Section 1.2.  

Other Definitions  

5  

Section 1.3.  

Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act  

5  

Section 1.4.  

Rules of Construction  

6  

ARTICLE II. THE SECURITIES  

6  

Section 2.1.  

Issuable in Series  

6  

Section 2.2.  

Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities  

6  

Section 2.3.  

Execution and Authentication  

8  

Section 2.4.  

Registrar and Paying Agent  

9  

Section 2.5.  

Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust  

9  

Section 2.6.  

Securityholder Lists  

9  

Section 2.7.  

Transfer and Exchange  

10  

Section 2.8.  

Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities  

10  

Section 2.9.  

Outstanding Securities  

10  

Section 2.10.  

Treasury Securities  

11  

Section 2.11.  

Temporary Securities  

11  

Section 2.12.  

Cancellation  

11  

Section 2.13.  

Defaulted Interest  

11  

Section 2.14.  

Global Securities  

12  

Section 2.15.  

CUSIP Numbers  

13  

ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION    

13  

Section 3.1.  

Notice to Trustee  

13  

Section 3.2.  

Selection of Securities to be Redeemed  

13  

Section 3.3.  

Notice of Redemption  

13  

Section 3.4.  

Effect of Notice of Redemption  

14  

Section 3.5.  

Deposit of Redemption Price  

14  

Section 3.6.  

Securities Redeemed in Part  

14  

ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS    

14  

Section 4.1.  

Payment of Principal and Interest  

14  

Section 4.2.  

SEC Reports  

14  

Section 4.3.  

Compliance Certificate  

14  

Section 4.4.  

 

Stay, Extension and Usury Laws  

15  

Section 4.5.  

Corporate Existence  

15  

Section 4.6.  

Taxes  

15  

ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS    

15  

Section 5.1.  

When Company May Merge, Etc.  

15  

Section 5.2.  

Successor Corporation Substituted  

15  

ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES  

16  

Section 6.1.  

Events of Default  

16  

Section 6.2.  

Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment  

17  

Section 6.3.  

Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee  

18  

Section 6.4.  

Trustee May File Proofs of Claim  

18  

 

Section 6.5.  

Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities  

19  

Section 6.6.  

Application of Money Collected  

19  

Section 6.7.  

Limitation on Suits  

19  

Section 6.8.  

Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest  

20  

Section 6.9.  

Restoration of Rights and Remedies  

20  

Section 6.10.  

Rights and Remedies Cumulative  

20  

Section 6.11.  

Delay or Omission Not Waiver  

20  

Section 6.12.  

Control by Holders  

20  

Section 6.13.  

Waiver of Past Defaults  

21  

Section 6.14.  

Undertaking for Costs  

21  

ARTICLE VII. TRUSTEE    

21  

Section 7.1.  

Duties of Trustee  

21  

Section 7.2.  

Rights of Trustee  

22  

 


 

           

Section 7.3.  

     

Individual Rights of Trustee  

     

23  

Section 7.4.  

Trustee’s Disclaimer  

23  

Section 7.5.  

Notice of Defaults  

23  

Section 7.6.  

Reports by Trustee to Holders  

23  

Section 7.7.  

Compensation and Indemnity  

23  

Section 7.8.  

Replacement of Trustee  

24  

Section 7.9.  

Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.  

25  

Section 7.10.  

Eligibility; Disqualification  

25  

Section 7.11.  

Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company  

25  

ARTICLE VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE  

25  

Section 8.1.  

Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture  

25  

Section 8.2.  

Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification  

26  

Section 8.3.  

 

Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series  

26  

Section 8.4.  

Covenant Defeasance  

27  

 

Section 8.5.  

Repayment to Company  

28  

Section 8.6.  

Reinstatement  

29  

ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS  

 

29  

Section 9.1.  

Without Consent of Holders  

29  

Section 9.2.  

With Consent of Holders  

29  

Section 9.3.  

Limitations  

30  

Section 9.4.  

Compliance with Trust Indenture Act  

30  

Section 9.5.  

Revocation and Effect of Consents  

30  

Section 9.6.  

Notation on or Exchange of Securities  

31  

Section 9.7.  

Trustee Protected  

31  

ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS  

31  

Section 10.1.  

Trust Indenture Act Controls  

31  

Section 10.2.  

Notices  

31  

Section 10.3.  

Communication by Holders with Other Holders  

32  

Section 10.4.  

Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent  

32  

Section 10.5.  

Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion  

32  

Section 10.6.  

Rules by Trustee and Agents  

32  

Section 10.7.  

Legal Holidays  

32  

Section 10.8.  

No Recourse Against Others  

32  

Section 10.9.  

Counterparts  

33  

Section 10.10.  

Governing Laws  

33  

Section 10.11.  

No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements  

33  

Section 10.12.  

Successors  

33  

Section 10.13.  

Severability  

33  

Section 10.14.  

Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.  

33  

Section 10.15.  

Securities in a Foreign Currency or in ECU  

33  

Section 10.16.  

Judgment Currency  

34  

ARTICLE XI. SINKING FUNDS  

34  

Section 11.1.  

Applicability of Article  

34  

Section 11.2.  

Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities  

35  

Section 11.3.  

Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund  

35  

 


GERON CORPORATION

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of _________, 20__

Section 310(a)(1)  

7.10  

(a)(2)  

7.10  

(a)(3)  

Not Applicable  

(a)(4)  

Not Applicable  

(a)(5)  

7.10  

(b)  

7.10  

Section 311(a)  

7.11  

(b)  

7.11  

(c)  

Not Applicable  

Section 312(a)  

2.6  

(b)  

10.3  

(c)  

10.3  

Section 313(a)  

7.6  

(b)(1)  

7.6  

(b)(2)  

7.6  

(c)(1)  

7.6  

(d)  

7.6  

Section 314(a)  

4.2, 10.5  

(b)  

Not Applicable  

(c)(1)  

10.4  

(c)(2)  

10.4  

(c)(3)  

Not Applicable  

(d)  

Not Applicable  

(e)  

10.5  

(f)  

Not Applicable  

Section 315(a)  

7.1  

(b)  

7.5  

(c)  

7.1  

(d)  

7.1  

(e)  

6.14  

Section 316(a)  

2.10  

(1)(A)  

6.12  

(a)(1)(B)  

6.13  

(b)  

6.8  

Section 317(a)(1)  

6.3  

(a)(2)  

6.4  

(b)  

 

2.5  

Section 318(a)  

10.1  

 

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

1


      Indenture dated as of _________, 20__ between Geron Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Company”), and [Name of Trustee], a ________________ (“Trustee”).

      Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.

ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Section 1.1. Definitions.

      “Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to such Holders.

      “Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.

      “Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent, Service Agent or authenticating agent.

      “Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used. If it shall be impractical to make any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in lieu thereof that is made or given by the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

      “Bearer” means anyone in possession from time to time of a Bearer Security.

      “Bearer Security” means any Security, including any interest coupon appertaining thereto, that does not provide for the identification of the Holder thereof.

      “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.

      “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.

      “Business Day” means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York or The City of San Francisco on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

      “Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

      “Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s chief executive officer, chief financial officer or principal accounting officer.

2


      “Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

      “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.

      “Debt” of any person as of any date means, without duplication, all indebtedness of such person in respect of borrowed money, including all interest, fees and expenses owed in respect thereto (whether or not the recourse of the lender is to the whole of the assets of such person or only to a portion thereof), or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments.

      “Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time would be, an Event of Default.

      “Depository” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depository for such Series by the Company, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depository” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.

      “Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.

      “Dollars” means the currency of The United States of America.

      “ECU” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.

      “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

      “Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.

      “Foreign Government Obligations” means with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.

      “Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.

      “Holder” or “Securityholder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered or the holder of a Bearer Security.

      “Indenture” means this Indenture as amended from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

      “interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

3


      “Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

      “Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, any President, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.

      “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

      “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.

      “person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

      “principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.

      “Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.

      “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

      “Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

      “Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.

      “Significant Subsidiary” means (i) any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof, or (ii) any group of direct or indirect Subsidiaries of the Company that, taken together as a group, would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof.

      “Stated Maturity” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

      “Subsidiary” of any specified person means any corporation of which at least a majority of the outstanding stock having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly or indirectly owned by such person, or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by such person and one or more other Subsidiaries.

      “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.

4


      “Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.

      “U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which in the case of (i) and (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

Section 1.2. Other Definitions.

TERM

DEFINED IN SECTION

“Bankruptcy Law”

6.1

“Custodian”  

6.1

“Event of Default”

6.1

“Journal”

10.15

“Judgment Currency”

10.16

“Legal Holiday”

10.7

“mandatory sinking fund payment”

11.1

“Market Exchange Rate”

10.15

“New York Banking Day”

10.16

“optional sinking fund payment”

11.1

“Paying Agent”

2.4

“Registrar”  

2.4

“Required Currency”

10.16

“Service Agent”

2.4

“successor person”

5.1

 

Section 1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.

      Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

      “Commission” means the SEC.

      “indenture securities” means the Securities.

      “indenture security holder” means a Securityholder.

      “indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.

      “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

      “obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

5


      All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.

Section 1.4. Rules of Construction.

      Unless the context otherwise requires:

     

(a)

a term has the meaning assigned to it;

             

 

(b)

an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c)

references to “generally accepted accounting principles” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;

  

(d)

“or” is not exclusive;

  

(e)

words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and

  

(f)

provisions apply to successive events and transactions.

ARTICLE II.
THE SECURITIES

Section 2.1. Issuable in Series.

      The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

Section 2.2. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.

      At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.22) by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:

     

2.2.1.

the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);

             

2.2.2.

the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;

 

2.2.3.

any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);

 

2.2.4.

the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;

6


 

     

2.2.5.

the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

             

 

2.2.6.

the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, or the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;

 

2.2.7.

if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

 

2.2.8.

the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

 

2.2.9.

the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;

 

2.2.10.

if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;

 

2.2.11.

the forms of the Securities of the Series in bearer or fully registered form (and, if in fully registered form, whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities);

 

2.2.12.

if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

2.2.13.

the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, including, but not limited to, the ECU, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency other than the ECU, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

 

2.2.14.

the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;

 

2.2.15.

if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;

 

2.2.16.

the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

 

2.2.17.

the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;

7


 

     

2.2.18.

if the holders of Securities of the Series may convert or exchange the Securities into or for securities of the Issuer or of other entities or other property, the period or periods within which, the rate or rates at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series may be converted or exchanged, in whole or in part;

             

 

2.2.19.

any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;

 

2.2.20.

any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;

 

2.2.21.

any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by Section 9.1, but which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series); and

 

2.2.22.

any depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein.

      All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuances of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate.

Section 2.3. Execution and Authentication.

      Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.

      If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

      A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

      The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.

      The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.

      Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4.

      The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.

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      The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate.

Section 2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent.

      The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served (“Service Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

      The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional service agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Service Agent” includes any additional service agent.

      The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.

Section 2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.

      The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.

Section 2.6. Securityholder Lists.

      The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.

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Section 2.7. Transfer and Exchange.

      Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).

      Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption an


 
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