INDENTURE

Exhibit 4.1

INVERNESS MEDICAL INNOVATIONS, INC.,
as Issuer,

and

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee

INDENTURE

Dated as of May 12, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE

     INDENTURE dated as of May 12, 2009 between Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as Issuer (the “ Issuer ”), and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as trustee (the “ Trustee ”).

THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH

          Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture:

ARTICLE ONE

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

SECTION 1.01. Definitions .

          Set forth below are certain defined terms used in this Indenture.

          “ Additional Amounts ” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Issuer in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.

          “ Affiliate ” of any Person means any other Person which directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by, or is under direct or indirect common control with, the referent Person. For purposes of this definition, “ control ” of a Person shall mean the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, and “ controlling ,” “ controlled by ,” and “ under common control ” shall have correlative meanings.

          “ Agent ” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent.

          “ amend ” means to amend, supplement, restate, amend and restate or otherwise modify; and “ amendment ” shall have a correlative meaning.

          “ asset ” means any asset or property.

          “ Attributable Indebtedness, ” when used with respect to any Sale and Leaseback Transaction, means, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at a rate equivalent to the Issuer’s then-current weighted average cost of funds for borrowed money as at the time of determination, compounded on a semi-annual basis) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in any such Sale and Leaseback Transaction.

          “ Authorized Newspaper ” means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least five (5) days in each calendar week and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used. If it shall be impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice

required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in lieu thereof that is made or given by the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.

          “ Bankruptcy Law ” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

          “ Bearer Security ” means any Security, including any interest coupon appertaining thereto, that does not provide for the identification of the Holder thereof.

          “ Board of Directors ” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (i) in the case of any corporation, the board of directors of such Person, (ii) in the case of any limited liability company, the board of managers of such Person, (iii) in the case of any partnership, the Board of Directors of the general partner of such Person, and (iv) in any other case, the functional equivalent of the foregoing.

          “ Board Resolution ” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Issuer to have been adopted by the Board of Directors of the Issuer or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors of the Issuer and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.

          “ Business Day ” means, unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate for a particular Series of Securities, a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in the City of New York, New York are authorized or required by law to close.

          “ Capitalized Lease ” means a lease required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.

          “ Capitalized Lease Obligations ” of any Person means the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under a Capitalized Lease, and the amount of such obligations shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP.

          “ Corporate Trust Office ” means the corporate trust office of the Trustee located at 100 Wall Street, 16 ^th Floor, New York, New York 10005, or such other office, designated by the Trustee by written notice to the Issuer, at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.

          “ Custodian ” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

          “ Default ” means (1) any Event of Default or (2) any event, act or condition that, after notice or the passage of time or both, would be an Event of Default.

          “ Depository ” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the Person designated as Depository for such Series by the Issuer, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “ Depository ” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.

          “ Discount Security ” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.

          “ Dollars ” and “ $ ” means the currency of The United States of America.

          “ ECU ” means the European Currency Unit as determined by the Commission of the European Union.

          “ Equity Interests ” of any Person means (1) any and all shares or other equity interests (including common stock, preferred stock, limited liability company interests and partnership interests) in such Person and (2) all rights to purchase, warrants or options (whether or not currently exercisable), participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) such shares or other interests in such Person.

          “ Exchange Act ” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

          “ Fair Market Value ” means, with respect to any asset, the price (after taking into account any liabilities relating to such assets) that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction for cash between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of which is under any compulsion to complete the transaction, as such price is determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Issuer or a duly authorized committee thereof, as evidenced by a resolution of such Board of Directors or committee.

          “ Foreign Currency ” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.

          “ GAAP ” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession of the United States, as in effect from time to time, unless otherwise provided for in a particular Series of Securities by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.

          “ Global Security ” or “ Global Securities ” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depository or nominee.

          “ guarantee ” means a direct or indirect guarantee by any Person of any Indebtedness of any other Person and includes any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person: (1) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) Indebtedness of such other Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services (unless such purchase arrangements are on arm’s-length terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business), to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or (2) entered into for purposes of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such

Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), and “ guarantee ,” when used as a verb, and “ guaranteed ” have correlative meanings.

          “ Hedging Obligations ” of any Person means the obligations of such Person pursuant to (1) any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate collar agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to alter the risks to that Person arising from fluctuations in interest rates, (2) agreements or arrangements designed to alter the risks to that Person arising from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the conduct of its operations, or (3) any forward contract, commodity swap agreement, commodity option agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in commodity prices, in each case entered into in the ordinary course of business for bona fide hedging purposes and not for the purpose of speculation.

          “ Holder ” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered or the holder of a Bearer Security.

          “ incur ” means, with respect to any Indebtedness or Obligation, incur, create, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to such Indebtedness or Obligation.

          “ Indebtedness ” of any Person at any date means, without duplication:

          (1) all liabilities, contingent or otherwise, of such Person for borrowed money (whether or not the recourse of the lender is to the whole of the assets of such Person or only to a portion thereof);

          (2) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments;

          (3) all reimbursement obligations of such Person in respect of letters of credit, letters of guaranty, bankers’ acceptances and similar credit transactions;

          (4) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property or services, except (i) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred by such Person in the ordinary course of business in connection with obtaining goods, materials or services and (ii) customary adjustments of purchase price, contingent payments, earnout payments or similar obligations of such Person arising under any of the documents pertaining to any acquisition of any Person or assets or Equity Interests of any Person or any sale, transfer or other disposition of assets to any Person;

          (5) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person;

          (6) all Indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such Person;

          (7) all Indebtedness of others guaranteed by such Person to the extent of such guarantee; provided, however, that Indebtedness of the Issuer or its Subsidiaries

that is guaranteed by the Issuer or the Issuer’s Subsidiaries shall only be counted once in the calculation of the amount of Indebtedness of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis;

          (8) all Attributable Indebtedness;

          (9) to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, Hedging Obligations of such Person, determined as the net amount of all payments that would be required to be made in respect thereof in the event of a termination (including an early termination) on the date of determination; and

          (10) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to assets purchased by such Person.

          The amount of any Indebtedness which is incurred at a discount to the principal amount at maturity thereof as of any date shall be deemed to have been incurred at the accreted value thereof as of such date. The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above, the maximum liability of such Person for any such contingent obligations at such date and, in the case of clause (6), the lesser of (a) the Fair Market Value of any asset subject to a Lien securing the Indebtedness of others on the date that the Lien attaches and (b) the amount of the Indebtedness secured.

          “ Indenture ” means this Indenture, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

          “ interest ” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after a Maturity Date, means interest payable after such Maturity Date.

          “ Issuer ” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

          “ Issuer Order ” means a written order signed in the name of the Issuer by an Officer, who must be the Issuer’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

          “ Lien ” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, deed of trust, lien (statutory or other), pledge, lease, easement, restriction, charge, security interest or other encumbrance of any kind or nature in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected under applicable law, including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, and any lease in the nature thereof.

          “ Maturity Date ,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

          “ Obligation ” means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnification, reimbursements, costs, expenses, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness.

          “ Officer ” means any of the following of the Issuer: the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary.

          “ Officers’ Certificate ” means a certificate signed by two Officers (on behalf of the Issuer in their representative capacities, and not in their individual capacities).

          “ Opinion of Counsel ” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may (but need not) be an employee of, or counsel to, the Issuer or the Trustee.

          “ Person ” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or other agency or political subdivision thereof or other entity of any kind.

          “ Plan of Liquidation ,” with respect to any Person, means a plan that provides for, contemplates or the effectuation of which is preceded or accompanied by (whether or not substantially contemporaneously, in phases or otherwise): (1) the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Person otherwise than as an entirety or substantially as an entirety; and (2) the distribution of all or substantially all of the proceeds of such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the remaining assets of such Person to holders of Equity Interests of such Person.

          “ principal ” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.

          “ redeem ” means to redeem, repurchase, purchase, defease, retire, discharge or otherwise acquire or retire for value, and “ redemption ” has a correlative meaning.

          “ Responsible Officer ” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer in the Corporate Trust Office or equivalent office, group or department of the Trustee to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and shall also mean any officer who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

          “ Sale and Leaseback Transactions ” means with respect to any Person an arrangement with any bank, insurance company or other lender or investor or to which such lender or investor is a party, providing for the leasing by such Person of any asset of such Person which has been or is being sold or transferred by such Person to such lender or investor or to any Person to whom funds have been or are to be advanced by such lender or investor on the security of such asset.

          “ SEC ” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

          “ Securities ” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Issuer of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

          “ Securities Act ” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

          “ Series ” or “ Series of Securities ” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Issuer created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof.

          “ Stated Maturity ” means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any Indebtedness, the date on which such payment of interest or principal is scheduled to be paid in the documentation governing such Indebtedness, and shall not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof.

          “ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person:

          (1) any corporation, limited liability company, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of the Equity Interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of the Board of Directors thereof are at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and

          (2) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or of one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof).

          Unless otherwise specified, “ Subsidiary ” refers to a Subsidiary of the Issuer.

          “ Trust Indenture Act ” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

          “ Trustee ” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “ Trustee ” shall mean each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “ Trustee ” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.

          “ U.S. Government Obligations ” means direct, non-callable obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America, and the payment for which the United States pledges its full faith and credit.

SECTION 1.02. Other Definitions .

SECTION 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act .

     Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the Trust Indenture Act, such provision is incorporated by reference in, and made a part of, this Indenture. The following Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

     “indenture securities” means the Securities.

     “indenture security holder” means a Holder.

     “indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.

     “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.

     “obligor” on the indenture securities means the Issuer and any other obligor on the Securities.

     All other Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the Trust Indenture Act, defined by Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them therein.

SECTION 1.04. Rules of Construction .

     Unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1) a term has the meaning assigned to it;

          (2) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;

          (3) references to “generally accepted accounting principles” and “GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles or GAAP in effect as of the time and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;

          (4) “or” is not exclusive;

          (5) words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular;

          (6) all references in this Indenture to “Articles,” “Sections” and other subdivisions are to the designated Articles, Sections and provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise indicated;

          (7) provisions apply to successive events and transactions;

          (8) “herein,” “hereof” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

          (9) the words “including,” “includes” and similar words shall not be limiting and shall be deemed to be followed by “without limitation.”

ARTICLE TWO

THE SECURITIES

SECTION 2.01. Issuable in Series .

          The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to the authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 2.02. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities .

          At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Section 2.02(a), and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Sections 2.02(a) through 2.02(y)) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner

provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution:

          (a) the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);

          (b) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;

          (c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.07, 2.08, 2.11, 3.06 or 9.05);

          (d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;

          (e) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

          (f) the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;

          (g) if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other detailed terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Issuer;

          (h) the obligations, if any, of the Issuer to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the date or dates on which or period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other detailed terms and provisions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligations;

          (i) if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;

          (j) the forms of the Securities of the Series in bearer or fully registered form (and, if in fully registered form, whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities);

          (k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon acceleration or declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02;

          (l) the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be in Dollars or any Foreign Currency;

          (m) the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;

          (n) if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;

          (o) the terms, if any, of subordination of the Securities of the Series;

          (p) the terms, if any, of any guarantee of the Securities of the Series by any of the Issuer’s Subsidiaries, whether any such guarantee shall be made on a senior or subordinated basis and, if applicable, the terms of subordination of any such guarantee;

          (q) any provisions relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series or any guarantees by any of the Issuer’s Subsidiaries (including any security to be provided by any such Subsidiary guarantor);

          (r) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02;

          (s) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles Four or Five which applies to Securities of the Series;

          (t) the provisions, if any, relating to conversion of any Securities of such Series into Equity Interests, including if applicable, the conversion price, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders thereof or at the option of the Issuer, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion if such Series of Securities are redeemed;

          (u) any exchange features of the Securities of such Series;

          (v) any addition to or change in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of Obligations under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series, or in the provisions relating to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series;

          (w) any addition to or change in the provisions relating to modification of this Indenture both with and without the consent of Holders of the Securities of such Series;

          (x) any other terms or provisions of the Securities of the Series (which may amend, supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series); and

          (y) any registrars, paying agents, service agents, depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein.

          All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and the authorized principal amount of any Series may not be increased to provide for issuances of additional Securities of such Series, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate.

SECTION 2.03. Execution and Authentication .

          One Officer of the Issuer (who shall have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate actions) shall sign the Securities for the Issuer by manual or facsimile signature.

          If an Officer whose signature is on a Security was an Officer at the time of such execution but no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.

          A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.

          The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of an Issuer Order. Such Issuer Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Issuer or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate.

          The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.08.

          Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (i) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (ii) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.05, and (iii) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.05.

          The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent reasonably acceptable to the Issuer to authenticate Securities. Unless otherwise provided in the appointment, an authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Issuer and Affiliates of the Issuer. The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken or if the Trustee in good faith by shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability.

SECTION 2.04. Registrar and Paying Agent .

          The Issuer shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where (a) Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“ Registrar ”), (b) Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“ Paying Agent ”) and (c) notices and demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served (“ Service Agent ”). The Issuer may act as Registrar or Paying Agent. The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The term “ Registrar ” includes any co-registrar; the term “ Paying Agent ” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “ Service Agent ” includes any additional service agent. The Issuer hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued. The Issuer will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. If at any time the Issuer shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Issuer hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

          The Issuer shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Agent not a party to this Indenture, which agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such Agent. The Issuer shall notify the Trustee, in advance, of the name and address of any such Agent. If the Issuer fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such.

          The Issuer may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional service agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided , however , that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuer of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Issuer will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent.

SECTION 2.05. Paying Agent to Hold Assets in Trust .

          The Issuer shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee or the Issuer or any Subsidiary to agree in writing that each Paying Agent shall hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all assets held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of, or interest on, the Securities (whether such assets have been distributed to it by the Issuer or any other obligor on the Securities), and shall notify the Trustee of any Default by the Issuer (or any other obligor on the Securities) in making any such payment. The Issuer at any time may require a Paying Agent to distribute all assets held by it to the Trustee and account for any assets disbursed, and the Trustee may at any time during the continuance of any payment Default, upon written request to a Paying Agent, require such Paying Agent to distribute all assets held by it to the Trustee and to account for any assets distributed. Upon distribution to the Trustee of all assets that shall have been delivered by the Issuer to the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent shall have no further liability for such assets. If the Issuer or a Subsidiary of the Issuer acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent.

SECTION 2.06. Holder Lists .

          The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of the Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with Trust Indenture Act § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten (10) days before each interest payment date with respect to any Series of Securities and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of such Series of Securities, which list may be conclusively relied upon by the Trustee.

SECTION 2.07. Transfer and Exchange .

          Subject to Section 2.14, where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested if its requirements for such transaction are met; provided, however, that the Securities surrendered for transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his or her attorney duly authorized in writing. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.06 or 9.05).

          Without the prior written consent of the Issuer, the Registrar shall not be required to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series (i) during the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen (15) days before the mailing of a notice of redemption of

Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) selected, called or being called for redemption in whole or in part pursuant to Article Three, except the unredeemed portion of such Securities, if any.

SECTION 2.08. Replacement Securities .

          If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Issuer shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver a replacement Security of the same Series if the requirements of Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code are met and the Holder satisfies any other reasonable requirements of the Trustee. If required by the Trustee or the Issuer, such Holder shall furnish an indemnity bond sufficient in the judgment of the Issuer and the Trustee to protect the Issuer, the Trustee or any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Issuer and the Trustee may each charge such Holder for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in replacing a Security pursuant to this Section 2.08, including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel and of the Trustee.

          Every replacement Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Issuer, whether or not the lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.

          In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Issuer in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

          The provisions of this Section 2.08 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Securities.

SECTION 2.09. Outstanding Securities .

          Subject to Section 2.10, the Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except those cancelled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Subject to Section 2.10, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Issuer or any of its Affiliates holds the Security.

          If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08 (other than a mutilated Security surrendered for replacement), it ceases to be outstanding unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.

          If the Paying Agent (other than the Issuer, a Subsidiary of the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer) holds on the Maturity Date of Securities of a Series money sufficient to

pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.

          In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity Date thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.

          If the principal amount of any Security is considered paid under Section 4.01, it ceases to be outstanding and interest ceases to accrue. If on any redemption date or the Maturity Date the Trustee or Paying Agent (other than the Issuer or an Affiliate thereof) holds cash in Dollars or U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination thereof, in amounts sufficient to pay all of the principal and interest due on the Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.

SECTION 2.10. Treasury Securities .

          In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver Securities of a Series owned by the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

SECTION 2.11. Temporary Securities .

          Until definitive Securities of a Series are ready for delivery, the Issuer may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon an Issuer Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities of the same Series but may have variations that the Issuer considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Issuer shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and Maturity Date in exchange for temporary Securities. Until such exchange, temporary Securities shall be entitled to the same rights, benefits and privileges as definitive Securities of the same Series.

SECTION 2.12. Cancellation .

          The Issuer at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee, or at the direction of the Trustee, the Registrar or the Paying Agent (other than the Issuer or a Subsidiary), and no one else, shall cancel and, at the written direction of the Issuer, shall dispose of all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures. Certification of the destruction of all cancelled Securities shall be delivered to the Issuer upon request by the Issuer. Subject to Section 2.08, the Issuer may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. If the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries shall

acquire any of the Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the Indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant to this Section 2.12.

SECTION 2.13. Defaulted Interest .

          If the Issuer defaults in a payment of interest on the Securities of any Series, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus (to the extent lawful) any interest payable on the defaulted interest, in any lawful manner. The Issuer may pay the defaulted interest to the Persons who are the Holders of the Securities of such Series on a subsequent special record date, which date shall be the fifteenth (15 ^th ) day next preceding the date fixed by the Issuer for the payment of defaulted interest or the next succeeding Business Day if such date is not a Business Day. At least fifteen (15) days before any such subsequent special record date, the Issuer (or, upon the written request of the Issuer, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Issuer) shall mail to each Holder, with a copy to the Trustee, a notice that states the subsequent special record date, the payment date and the amount of defaulted interest, and interest payable on such defaulted interest, if any, to be paid.

SECTION 2.14. Global Securities .

          (a) Terms of Securities . A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depository for such Global Security or Securities.

          (b) Transfer and Exchange . Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.07 of this Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of this Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depository for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depository notifies the Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or if at any time such Depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Issuer fails to appoint a successor Depository registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within ninety (90) days of such event, (ii) the Issuer executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depository shall direct in writing in an aggregate amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms. Except as provided in this Section 2.14(b), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depository, by a nominee of such Depository to such Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.

          (c) Legend . Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

     “This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depository or a nominee of the Depository. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a Person other than the Depository or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository, by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.”

          (d) Acts of Holders . The Depository, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under this Indenture.

          (e) Payments . Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.

          (f) Consents, Declaration and Directions . Except as provided in Section 2.09 (last sentence), the Issuer, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a Person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depository with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.

SECTION 2.15. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers .

          The Issuer in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” or “ISIN” numbers, and if so, the Trustee shall use the “CUSIP” or “ISIN” numbers in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the “CUSIP” or “ISIN” numbers printed in the notice or on the Securities, and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities. The Issuer will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the “CUSIP” or “ISIN” numbers.

ARTICLE THREE

REDEMPTION

SECTION 3.01. Notices to Trustee .

          The Issuer may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Issuer wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Issuer shall give the notice of

redemption to the Trustee at least forty-five (45) days before the redemption date (unless a shorter notice shall be agreed to by the Trustee in writing), together with such documentation and records as shall enable the Trustee to select the Securities to be redeemed.

SECTION 3.02. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed .

          Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed as follows:

          (1) if such Securities are listed on a national securities ex