AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION,
CANNON ACQUISITION
CORPORATION
COLLEGIATE FUNDING SERVICES,
INC.
Dated as of December 14,
2005
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Page
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ARTICLE I THE
MERGER
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1
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The
Merger
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1
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Closing;
Effective Time
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1
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Effects of the
Merger
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2
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Certificate of
Incorporation; By-Laws
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2
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Directors and
Officers
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2
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ARTICLE II
EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT
CORPORATIONS
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2
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Conversion of
Securities
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2
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Treatment of
Options and Restricted Shares
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3
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Dissenting
Shares
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3
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Surrender of
Shares
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4
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ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
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6
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Organization
and Qualification; Subsidiaries
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6
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Certificate of
Incorporation and By-Laws
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7
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Capitalization
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7
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Authority
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8
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No Conflict;
Required Filings and Consents
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8
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Compliance
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9
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SEC Filings;
Financial Statements
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9
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Absence of
Certain Changes or Events; Absence of Undisclosed
Liabilities
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11
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Absence of
Litigation
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11
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Employee
Benefit Plans
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12
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Labor and
Employment Matters
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13
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Insurance
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14
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Properties
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14
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Tax
Matters
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15
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Proxy
Statement
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15
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Opinion of
Financial Advisor
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Brokers
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Takeover
Statutes
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Intellectual
Property
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Contracts
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Affiliate
Transactions
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Student Loan
Portfolio
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18
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Compliance with
Third Party Servicer Regulations; Audits and Inquiries
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Securitization
Matters
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20
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- i -
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Page
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No Others
Representations or Warranties
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20
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ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
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21
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Organization
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Authority
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No Conflict;
Required Filings and Consents
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Absence of
Litigation
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Proxy
Statement
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Brokers
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Financing
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Operations of
Merger Sub
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Ownership of
Shares
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Vote/Approval
Required
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No Other
Representations or Warranties
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ARTICLE V
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS PENDING THE MERGER
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23
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Conduct of
Business of the Company Pending the Merger
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23
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Conduct of
Business of Parent and Merger Sub Pending the Merger
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26
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No Control of
Other Party’s Business
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ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
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27
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Stockholders
Meeting
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27
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Proxy
Statement
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27
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Resignation of
Directors
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27
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Access to
Information; Confidentiality
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28
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Acquisition
Proposals
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28
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Employment and
Employee Benefits Matters
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30
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Directors’ and Officers’
Indemnification and Insurance
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Further Action;
Efforts
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Public
Announcements
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34
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Agreements with
Significant Stockholders
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ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS OF MERGER
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35
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Conditions to
Obligation of Each Party to Effect the Merger
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35
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Conditions to
Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub
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Conditions to
Obligations of the Company
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ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER
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36
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Termination
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36
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- ii -
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Page
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Effect of
Termination
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37
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Expenses
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Amendment
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Waiver
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ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS
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39
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Non-Survival of
Representations, Warranties, Covenants and Agreements
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39
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Notices
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Certain
Definitions
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Severability
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Entire
Agreement; Assignment
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Parties in
Interest
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Governing
Law
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Headings
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Counterparts
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Specific
Performance; Jurisdiction
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Parent
Guarantee
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Interpretation
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Exhibit A Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving
Corporation
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Exhibit B By-laws
of the Surviving Corporation
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Exhibit C Form
of Stockholder Agreement
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- iii -
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Certificate of Incorporation
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Company Disclosure Schedule
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Company Sponsored Asset Securitization
Transaction
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Confidentiality Agreement
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generally accepted accounting
principles
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Parent Material Adverse Effect
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- iv -
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Successfully Completed Application
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Third Party Confidentiality
Agreements
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under common control with
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Unsolicited Acquisition Proposal
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-vi-
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
AGREEMENT AND PLAN
OF MERGER, dated as of December 14, 2005 (this “
Agreement ”), among JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION (“ Parent ”), CANNON ACQUISITION
CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned
subsidiary of Parent (“ Merger Sub ”), and
COLLEGIATE FUNDING SERVICES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the
“ Company ”).
WHEREAS, the Board
of Directors of the Company has (i) determined that it is in
the best interests of the Company and the stockholders of the
Company, and declared it advisable, to enter into this Agreement
with Parent and Merger Sub providing for the merger (the “
Merger ”) of Merger Sub with and into the Company in
accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), upon the terms and
subject to the conditions set forth herein, (ii) approved this
Agreement in accordance with the DGCL, upon the terms and subject
to the conditions set forth herein, and (iii) resolved to
recommend adoption of this Agreement by the stockholders of the
Company;
WHEREAS, in
connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the
parties hereto, The Lightyear Fund, L.P. and Lightyear Co-Invest
Partnership, L.P. (together, the “ Lightyear Entities
”) are entering into a Stockholder Support Agreement (the
“ Stockholder Agreement ”), dated as of the date
hereof, with Parent, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit C , pursuant to which such entities agree,
among other things, to vote all of the Shares (as defined herein)
beneficially owned by them in favor of the Merger; and
WHEREAS, the
Boards of Directors of Parent and Merger Sub have each approved,
and the Board of Directors of Merger Sub has declared it advisable
for Merger Sub to enter into, this Agreement providing for the
Merger in accordance with the DGCL, upon the terms and subject to
the conditions set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and
agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound
hereby, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company hereby agree as
follows:
SECTION
1.1 The Merger . Upon the terms and subject to
the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the DGCL,
at the Effective Time (as defined below), Merger Sub shall be
merged with and into the Company. As a result of the Merger, the
separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and the
Company shall continue as the surviving corporation of the Merger
(the “ Surviving Corporation ”).
SECTION
1.2 Closing; Effective Time . Subject to the
provisions of Article VII, the closing of the Merger (the
“ Closing ”) shall take place at the offices of
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, 425 Lexington Avenue, New York,
New York, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the
second business day after the satisfaction or waiver of the
conditions set forth
in
Article VII (excluding conditions that, by their terms, cannot
be satisfied until the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or
waiver of such conditions at the Closing), or at such other place
or on such other date as Parent and the Company may mutually agree.
The date on which the Closing actually occurs is hereinafter
referred to as the “ Closing Date .” At the
Closing, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger to be
consummated by filing a certificate of merger (the “
Certificate of Merger ”) with the Secretary of State
of the State of Delaware, in such form as required by, and executed
in accordance with, the relevant provisions of the DGCL (the date
and time of the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, or such later date
and/or time as is specified in the Certificate of Merger and as is
agreed to by the parties hereto, being hereinafter referred to as
the “ Effective Time ”).
SECTION
1.3 Effects of the Merger . The Merger shall
have the effects set forth herein and in the applicable provisions
of the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing and
subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all the property, rights,
privileges, immunities, powers and franchises of the Company and
Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation and all debts,
liabilities and duties of the Company and Merger Sub shall become
the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving
Corporation.
SECTION
1.4 Certificate of Incorporation; By-Laws .
(a) At the Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of
the Company shall be amended so as to read in its entirety as is
set forth on Exhibit A annexed hereto, and, as so
amended, shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving
Corporation until thereafter amended in accordance with its terms
and as provided by law.
(b) At the
Effective Time, the by-laws of the Company shall be amended so as
to read in their entirety as is set forth on Exhibit B
annexed hereto, and, as so amended shall be the by-laws of the
Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended in accordance with
their terms, the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving
Corporation and as provided by law.
SECTION
1.5 Directors and Officers . The directors of
the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall submit
their resignations to be effective as of the Effective Time.
Immediately after the Effective Time, Parent shall take the
necessary action to cause the directors of Merger Sub immediately
prior to the Effective Time to be the directors of the Surviving
Corporation, each to hold office in accordance with the certificate
of incorporation and by-laws of the Surviving Corporation. The
officers of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time
shall be the initial officers of the Surviving Corporation, each to
hold office until the earlier of their resignation or
removal.
EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE CAPITAL
STOCK
OF THE CONSTITUENT
CORPORATIONS
SECTION
2.1 Conversion of Securities . At the Effective
Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of
Merger Sub, the Company or the holders of any of the following
securities:
-2-
(a) Each
share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company
(the “ Common Stock ”) (all issued and
outstanding shares of the Common Stock being hereinafter
collectively referred to as the “ Shares ” )
issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
(other than any Shares to be canceled pursuant to
Section 2.1(b), any Dissenting Shares (as defined in
Section 2.3(a)) and any Shares beneficially owned by any
direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent or the Company
(which Shares shall remain outstanding, except that the number of
such Shares owned by such subsidiaries may be adjusted following
the Merger to maintain relative ownership percentages) shall be
converted into the right to receive $20.00 in cash (the “
Merger Consideration ”), payable to the holder
thereof, without interest, upon surrender of such Shares in the
manner provided in Section 2.4, less any required withholding
taxes;
(b) Each
Share held in the treasury of the Company and each Share owned by
Parent immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be canceled
without any conversion thereof and no payment or distribution shall
be made with respect thereto; and
(c) Each
share of common stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one
share of common stock of the Surviving Corporation.
SECTION
2.2 Treatment of Options and Restricted Shares .
(a) The Company shall provide that, as of the Effective Time,
each option to purchase shares of Common Stock (an “
Option ”) granted under any Company Stock Plan that is
outstanding and unexercised as of the Effective Time (whether
vested or unvested) shall be canceled and the holder thereof shall
be entitled to receive, as soon as practicable after the Effective
Time (but in no event later than 5 business days after the
Effective Time) from the Surviving Corporation, in consideration
for such cancellation, an amount in cash equal to the product of
(A) the number of shares of Common Stock previously subject to
such Option and (B) the excess, if any, of the Merger
Consideration over the exercise price per share of Common Stock
previously subject to such Option, less any required withholding
taxes.
(b) The
Company shall provide that, as of the Effective Time, each Share
granted subject to vesting or other restrictions pursuant to any
Company Stock Plan (collectively, “ Restricted Shares
”) which is outstanding immediately prior to the Effective
Time shall vest and become free of such restrictions and at the
Effective Time the holder thereof shall, subject to and in
accordance with this Article II, be entitled to receive the
Merger Consideration with respect to each such Restricted Share,
less any required withholding taxes.
(c) Prior to
the Effective Time, the Company shall, or shall cause its Board of
Directors and/or the Compensation Committee thereof to, take all
actions necessary, including any amendment to any Company Stock
Plan, to permit the cancellation of the Options and the vesting of
any Restricted Shares as provided in this
Section 2.2.
SECTION
2.3 Dissenting Shares . (a) Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Shares that are issued
and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and which
are held by holders of Shares who have not voted in favor of or
consented to the Merger and who have properly demanded and
perfected their rights to be paid
-3-
the fair value
of such Shares in accordance with Section 262 of the DGCL (the
“ Dissenting Shares ”) shall not be converted
into the right to receive the Merger Consideration, and the holders
thereof shall be entitled to only such rights as are granted by
Section 262 of the DGCL; provided , however ,
that if any such holder shall fail to perfect or shall effectively
waive, withdraw or lose such holder’s rights under
Section 262 of the DGCL, such holder’s shares of Company
Common Stock shall thereupon be deemed to have been converted, at
the Effective Time, into the right to receive the Merger
Consideration, as set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement,
without any interest thereon.
(b) The
Company shall give Parent (i) prompt notice of any appraisal
demands received by the Company, withdrawals thereof and any other
instruments served pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL and
received by the Company and (ii) the opportunity to direct all
negotiations and proceedings with respect to the exercise of
appraisal rights under Section 262 of the DGCL. The Company
shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent or as
otherwise required by applicable law, make any payment with respect
to any such exercise of appraisal rights or offer to settle or
settle any such rights.
SECTION
2.4 Surrender of Shares . (a) Prior to the
Effective Time, Parent and Merger Sub shall enter into an agreement
with the Company’s transfer agent, or such other bank, trust
company or other entity qualified to serve as a paying agent as
Parent may select that is reasonably acceptable to the Company, to
act as agent for the stockholders of the Company in connection with
the Merger (the “ Paying Agent ”) and to receive
the Merger Consideration to which the stockholders of the Company
shall become entitled pursuant to this Article II. At or prior
to the Effective Time, Parent shall deposit (or cause to be
deposited) with the Paying Agent sufficient funds to make all
payments pursuant to Section 2.4(b). Such funds may be
invested by the Paying Agent as directed by Merger Sub or, after
the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation; provided that
(i) no such investment or losses thereon shall affect the
Merger Consideration payable to the holders of Company Common Stock
and following any losses Parent shall promptly provide additional
funds to the Paying Agent for the benefit of the stockholders of
the Company in the amount of any such losses and (ii) such
investments shall be in short-term obligations of the United States
of America with maturities of no more than 30 days or
guaranteed by the United States of America and backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States of America or in commercial
paper obligations rated A-1 or P-1 or better by Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Corporation,
respectively. Any interest or income produced by such investments
will be payable to the Surviving Corporation or Parent, as Parent
directs.
(b) Promptly
after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause to
be mailed to each record holder, as of the Effective Time, of
(i) an outstanding certificate or certificates which
immediately prior to the Effective Time represented Shares (the
“ Certificates ”) or (ii) Shares
represented by book-entry (“ Book-Entry Shares
”), a form of letter of transmittal (which shall be in
customary form and shall specify that delivery shall be effected,
and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only
upon proper delivery of the Certificates to the Paying Agent or, in
the case of Book-Entry Shares, upon adherence to the procedures set
forth in the letter of transmittal) and instructions for use in
effecting the surrender of the Certificates or, in the case of
Book-Entry Shares, the surrender of such Shares for payment of the
Merger Consideration therefor. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent
of a Certificate or of Book-Entry
-4-
Shares,
together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and
validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, and
such other documents as may be required pursuant to such
instructions, the holder of such Certificate or Book-Entry Shares
shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor the Merger
Consideration for each Share formerly represented by such
Certificate or Book-Entry Shares and such Certificate or book-entry
shall then be canceled. No interest shall be paid or accrued for
the benefit of holders of the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares on
the Merger Consideration payable in respect of the Certificates or
Book-Entry Shares. If payment of the Merger Consideration is to be
made to a person other than the person in whose name the
surrendered Certificate is registered, it shall be a condition of
payment that the Certificate so surrendered shall be properly
endorsed or shall be otherwise in proper form for transfer and that
the person requesting such payment shall have paid any transfer and
other taxes required by reason of the payment of the Merger
Consideration to a person other than the registered holder of the
Certificate surrendered or shall have established to the
satisfaction of the Surviving Corporation that such tax either has
been paid or is not applicable. Until surrendered as contemplated
by this Section 2.4(b), each Certificate and each Book-Entry
Share shall be deemed at any time after the Effective Time to
represent only the right to receive upon such surrender the
applicable Merger Consideration as contemplated by this
Article II.
(c) At any
time following the date that is twelve months after the Effective
Time, the Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to require the
Paying Agent to deliver to it any funds (including any interest
received with respect thereto) which have been made available to
the Paying Agent and which have not been disbursed to holders of
Certificates or Book-Entry Shares and thereafter such holders shall
be entitled to look only to Parent and the Surviving Corporation
(subject to abandoned property, escheat or other similar laws) as
general creditors thereof with respect to the Merger Consideration
payable upon due surrender of their Certificates or Book-Entry
Shares. The Surviving Corporation shall pay all charges and
expenses, including those of the Paying Agent, in connection with
the exchange of Shares for the Merger Consideration.
(d) After the
Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be
closed and thereafter there shall be no further registration of
transfers of Shares that were outstanding prior to the Effective
Time. After the Effective Time, Certificates or Book-Entry Shares
presented to the Surviving Corporation for transfer shall be
canceled and exchanged for the consideration provided for, and in
accordance with the procedures set forth in, this Article
II.
(e) Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Parent, the Surviving
Corporation and the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and
withhold from the consideration otherwise payable to any former
holder of Shares, Options and Restricted Shares pursuant to this
Agreement any amount as may be required to be deducted and withheld
with respect to the making of such payment under applicable Tax (as
defined below) laws, and any such amount so deducted or withheld
shall be treated for all purposes hereunder as having been paid to
such holder. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such
amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as
having been paid to the holder of Shares, Options and Restricted
Shares in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made
by Parent, the Surviving Corporation or the Paying
Agent.
-5-
(f) In the
event that any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, upon the holder’s compliance with the replacement
requirements established by the Paying Agent, including, if
necessary, the posting by the holder of a bond in customary amount
as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it with
respect to the Certificate, the Paying Agent will deliver in
exchange for the lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate the
applicable Merger Consideration payable in respect of the Shares
represented by such Certificate pursuant to this
Article II.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF
THE COMPANY
The Company hereby
represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub that, except as
set forth on the Company Disclosure Schedule delivered by the
Company to the Parent and Merger Sub prior to the execution of this
Agreement (the “ Company Disclosure Schedule ”)
and except as disclosed in the SEC Reports (as defined below) filed
prior to the date of this Agreement:
SECTION
3.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries
. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing (with respect to
jurisdictions that recognize the concept of good standing) under
the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has all
requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease
and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is
now being conducted, except where any such failure to be so
organized, existing or in good standing or to have such power or
authority, would not, individually or in the aggregate reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (as defined
below). Section 3.1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets
forth a true and accurate list of the Company’s subsidiaries.
Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is duly qualified or
licensed to do business, and is in good standing (with respect to
jurisdictions that recognize the concept of good standing), in each
jurisdiction where the character of its properties owned, leased or
operated by it or the nature of its activities makes such
qualification or licensing necessary, except for any such failure
to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing which would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect. All subsidiaries of the Company are
directly or indirectly wholly owned by the Company. “
Material Adverse Effect ” means any change, effect,
event or occurrence that would be materially adverse to the
business, financial condition or results of operations of the
Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, other than any
change or effect to the extent resulting from (i) changes in
general economic conditions, (ii) changes in laws, rules or
regulations (in each case, including changes to tax laws, rules or
regulation) or the interpretations thereof affecting the Company,
(iii) general changes or developments in the industries in
which the Company and its subsidiaries operate; (iv) the
announcement of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby, including any termination of, reduction in or similar
negative impact on relationships, contractual or otherwise, with
any customers, partners, financing sources or employees of the
Company and its subsidiaries to the extent due to the announcement
of this Agreement or the identity of the parties to this Agreement,
or any actions or omissions required by the express terms of this
Agreement, including compliance with the covenants set forth herein
or (v) changes in any applicable accounting regulations or
principles.
-6-
SECTION
3.2 Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws .
The Company has heretofore furnished or otherwise made available to
Parent a complete and correct copy of the second amended and
restated certificate of incorporation (the “ Certificate
of Incorporation ”) and the amended and restated by-laws
(the “ By-Laws ”) of the Company as currently in
effect. The Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws are in full
force and effect and no other organizational documents are
applicable to or binding upon the Company. The Company is not in
violation of any provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation or
By-Laws in any material respect.
SECTION
3.3 Capitalization . The authorized capital
stock of the Company consists of (i) 120,000,000 shares of
Common Stock and (ii) 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock,
par value $0.001 per share (the “ Preferred Stock
”). As of December 13, 2005, (i) 32,357,385 shares
of Common Stock were issued and outstanding, all of which were
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and were issued free
of preemptive rights, (ii) an aggregate of 2,469,364 shares of
Common Stock were reserved for issuance upon or otherwise
deliverable in connection with the grant of equity-based awards or
the exercise of outstanding Options issued pursuant to the
Company’s Stock Incentive Plan (the “ Company Stock
Plan ”) and (iii) no shares of Preferred Stock were
outstanding. From the close of business on December 13, 2005
until the date of this Agreement, no Options to purchase shares of
Company Common Stock or Preferred Stock have been granted and no
shares of Company Common Stock or Preferred Stock have been issued,
except for Common Stock issued pursuant to the exercise of Options
already outstanding as of such date in accordance with their terms.
Except as otherwise set forth above, as of the date hereof:
(A) there are not outstanding or authorized any
(I) shares of capital stock or other voting securities of the
Company, (II) securities of the Company convertible into or
exchangeable for shares of capital stock or voting securities of
the Company or (III) options or other rights to acquire from
the Company, and no obligation of the Company to issue, any capital
stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for capital stock or voting securities of the Company
(collectively, “ Company Securities ”),
(B) there are no outstanding obligations of the Company to
repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Company Securities and
(C) there are no other options, calls, warrants, registration
obligations or other rights, agreements, arrangements or
commitments of any character relating to the issued or unissued
capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to which
the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party. Other than its
subsidiaries, the Company does not have any equity investment in
any Person. Each of the outstanding shares of capital stock, voting
securities or other equity interests of each of the Company’s
subsidiaries is duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable and all such shares are owned by the Company or
another wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and are owned free
and clear of all security interests, liens, claims, pledges,
agreements, limitations in voting rights, charges or other
encumbrances of any nature whatsoever, except where any such
failure to own any such shares free and clear would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect. Notwithstanding any other provision
of this Agreement, in no event shall the number of Shares
outstanding, or issuable pursuant to outstanding options, warrants,
share equivalents or securities of any kind convertible or
exchangeable into Shares or other rights with respect to Shares,
exceed 34,839,609 in the aggregate as of immediately prior to the
Effective Time. No subsidiary of the Company owns any capital stock
of the Company. Section 3.3 of the Company Disclosure Schedule
sets forth a true and correct list as of the date hereof of all
holders of
-7-
Options, the
number of Shares issuable pursuant to each Option held by each such
holder and the exercise price per Share thereof.
SECTION
3.4 Authority . The Company has all necessary
corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this
Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate
the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution, delivery and
performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation
by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby have been
duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action and
no other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are
necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the
transactions so contemplated (other than adoption of this Agreement
at the Stockholders Meeting by (a) the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock
entitled to vote thereon and (b) the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority of shares of Common Stock present, in person
or by proxy, at the Stockholders Meeting and voted
“for” or “against” the adoption of this
Agreement or with respect to which there is submitted an abstention
in respect of the proposal to adopt the Agreement, other than
shares owned by the Lightyear Entities or by the executive officers
of the Company (both (a) and (b), the “ Company
Requisite Vote ”), and the filing with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware of the Certificate of Merger as
required by the DGCL). This Agreement has been duly and validly
executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due
authorization, execution and delivery hereof by Parent and Merger
Sub, constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the
Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its
terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent
conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws
relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, general
equitable principles (whether considered in a proceeding in equity
or at law) and any implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
The Board of Directors of the Company has approved and declared
advisable, and has resolved to recommend that the Company’s
stockholders adopt, this Agreement. The only vote of the
stockholders of the Company required to adopt this Agreement and
approve the transactions contemplated hereby is the Company
Requisite Vote.
SECTION
3.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents .
(a) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
by the Company do not and will not (i) conflict with or
violate the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of the Company
or the comparable constituent or organizational documents of any of
its subsidiaries, (ii) assuming that all consents, approvals
and authorizations contemplated by clauses (i) through
(v) of subsection (b) below have been obtained, and all
filings described in such clauses have been made, conflict with or
violate any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree
applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or by which
its or any of their respective properties are bound or
(iii) result in any breach or violation of or constitute a
default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both
would become a default) or result in the loss of a right or benefit
under, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation,
amendment or acceleration of, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture,
contract, agreement, lease, license, permit or other instrument or
obligation (each, a “ Contract ”) to which the
Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or its or any of their
respective properties are bound, except, in the case of clauses
(ii) and (iii), for any such conflict, violation, breach,
default, loss, right or other
-8-
occurrence
which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) The
execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the
Company and the consummation of the Merger by the Company do not
and will not require any consent, approval, authorization or permit
of, action by, filing with or notification to, any governmental or
regulatory (including stock exchange) authority, agency, court
commission, or other governmental body (each, a “
Governmental Entity ”), except for (i) applicable
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the “ Exchange Act ”) and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder (including the filing of the
Proxy Statement (as defined below)), the Hart-Scott-Rodino
Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “ HSR
Act ”), and state securities, takeover and “blue
sky” laws, (ii) the applicable requirements of the
Nasdaq National Market, (iii) the filing with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware of the Certificate of Merger as
required by the DGCL, (iv) the applicable requirements of
antitrust or other competition laws of jurisdictions other than the
United States or investment laws relating to foreign ownership
(“ Foreign Antitrust Laws ”) and (v) any
such consent, approval, authorization, permit, action, filing or
notification the failure of which to make or obtain would not
(A) prevent or materially delay the Company from performing
its obligations under this Agreement in any material respect or
(B) individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION
3.6 Compliance . (a) Neither the Company
nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of, and since
January 1, 2003, each of the Company and its subsidiaries has
conducted its business only in compliance with, any law, rule,
regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to the Company or
any of its subsidiaries or by which its or any of their respective
properties are bound, except for any such violation or
non-compliance which would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and
(b) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits,
licenses, authorizations, exemptions, orders, consents, approvals
and franchises (“ Licenses ”) from Governmental
Entities required to conduct their respective businesses as now
being conducted, except for any such Licenses the absence of which
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, except as would not, individually or
in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect, each of the Company and its subsidiaries is, and
since January 1, 2003, has conducted its business, in
compliance with the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended and
the published rules, regulations and interpretations of the DOE
thereunder or thereof (collectively, the “ Higher
Education Act ”) and the published rules and requirements
of all guaranty agencies with which the Company or its subsidiaries
has a guaranty agreement in effect as of the date hereof (each such
guaranty agency, an “ Applicable Guaranty Agency
”) under the Higher Education Act and, since January 1,
2003, none of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has been
notified in writing by any Governmental Authority or Applicable
Guaranty Agency of any potential failure or alleged failure to so
comply.
SECTION
3.7 SEC Filings; Financial Statements .
(a) The Company has filed or otherwise transmitted all forms,
reports, statements, certifications and other documents (including
all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) required to be
filed by it with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“ SEC ”) since July 15, 2004, including the
Company’s
-9-
final
prospectus dated July 15, 2004, in connection with its initial
public offering (all such forms, reports, statements, certificates
and other documents filed since July 15, 2004, collectively,
the “ SEC Reports ”). Each of the SEC Reports,
as amended, complied as to form in all material respects with the
applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the “ Securities Act ”) and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder and the Exchange Act and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, each as in effect on
the date so filed. None of the SEC Reports contained, when filed,
any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact required to be stated or incorporated by reference
therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(b) The
audited consolidated financial statements of the Company (including
any related notes thereto) included in the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
filed with the SEC have been prepared, and in the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2005, if and when filed, will be prepared, in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in all
material respects applied on a consistent basis throughout the
periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto)
and fairly present, or will fairly present, in all material
respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its
subsidiaries at the respective dates thereof and the consolidated
statements of operations, cash flows and changes in
stockholders’ equity for the periods indicated. The unaudited
consolidated financial statements of the Company (including any
related notes thereto) for all interim periods included in the
Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC
since January 1, 2005 have been, or if not filed prior to the
date hereof, will be, prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in all material respects applied on
a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (except as may
be indicated in the notes thereto) and fairly present, or will
fairly present, in all material respects the consolidated financial
position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the respective
dates thereof and the consolidated statements of operations and
cash flows for the periods indicated (subject to normal period-end
adjustments).
(c) Since the
enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “
Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”), the Company has been and is in
compliance in all material respects with (i) the applicable
provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) the applicable
listing and corporate governance rules and regulations of the
Nasdaq National Market.
(d) The
Company has designed disclosure controls and procedures to ensure
that material information relating to the Company, including its
subsidiaries, is made known to the Chief Executive Officer and the
Chief Financial Officer of the Company by others within those
entities.
(e) The
Company has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluation prior to
the date hereof, to the Company’s auditors and the audit
committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (i) any
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or
operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect in any material respect the
Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report
financial information and (ii) any fraud, whether or not
material, that involves management or other
-10-
employees who
have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls
over financial reporting.
(f) To the
knowledge of the Company, the Company has not identified any
material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls
over financial reporting. To the knowledge of the Company, there is
no reason to believe that its auditors and its Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer will not be able to give the
certifications and attestations required pursuant to the rules and
regulations adopted pursuant to Sections 302 and 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, when due.
SECTION
3.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events; Absence of
Undisclosed Liabilities . Since September 30, 2005, the
Company and its subsidiaries have conducted their business in the
ordinary course consistent with past practice and, since such date,
there has not been: (a) any change, event or occurrence which
has had, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse
Effect; (b) prior to the date of this Agreement, any
declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend or other
distribution in cash, stock, property or otherwise in respect of
the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ capital
stock, except for any dividend or distribution by a direct or
indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to the Company or
to another direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company; (c) prior to the date of this Agreement, any
redemption, repurchase or other acquisition of any shares of
capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries;
(d) prior to the date of this Agreement, (i) any granting
by the Company or any of its subsidiaries to any of their
directors, officers or employees of any increase in compensation,
except for increases in the ordinary course of business or
increases required under any Company Plan, (ii) any granting
to any director, officer or employee of the Company or its
subsidiaries of the right to receive any severance or termination
pay not provided for under any Company Plan, or (iii) any
entry by the Company or any of its subsidiaries into any
employment, consulting, severance, change in control or
compensation agreement or arrangement with any director, officer or
employee of the Company or its subsidiaries, or any material
amendment of any Company Plan; (e) prior to the date of this
Agreement, any material change by the Company in its accounting
principles, except as may be appropriate to conform to changes in
statutory or regulatory accounting rules or generally accepted
accounting principles or regulatory requirements with respect
thereto; (f) prior to the date of this Agreement, any material
Tax election made, changed or revoked by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, any surrender of a right to claim a material Tax
refund or any settlement or compromise of any material Tax
liability by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or
(g) prior to the date of this Agreement, any material change
in tax accounting principles by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, except insofar as may have been required by
applicable law. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has
any liabilities or obligations of any nature whatsoever (whether
accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) (“
Liabilities ”), except for those Liabilities that
(i) are accrued or reserved against in the most recent
consolidated balance sheet included in the SEC Reports filed prior
to the date hereof or are reflected in the notes thereto,
(ii) were incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice of the Company since the date of such
financial statements, or (iii) as, would not individually or
in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION
3.9 Absence of Litigation . There are no suits,
claims, actions, proceedings, arbitrations, mediations,
investigations or governmental inquiries (an “ Action
”)
-11-
pending or, to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any
of its subsidiaries, other than any such Action that would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect. As of the date hereof, neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any of their respective
properties is or are subject to any order, writ, judgment,
injunction, decree or award, except for those that would not
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as would not, individually or
in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect, there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened, and since January 1, 2003 there have not
been any, SEC inquiries or investigations, other governmental
inquiries or investigations, or internal investigations, in each
case regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any
malfeasance by any employee of the Company.
SECTION
3.10 Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 3.10(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule
contains a true and complete list of each “ employee
benefit plan ” (within the meaning of Section 3(3)
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
(“ ERISA ”), but excluding any plan that is a
“multiemployer plan,” as defined in Section 3(37) of
ERISA (“ Multiemployer Plan ”)), and each other
director and employee plan, program, agreement or arrangement,
vacation or sick pay policy, fringe benefit plan, compensation,
deferred compensation, incentive (including equity), bonus,
severance, consulting, change in control or employment agreement or
arrangement, contributed to, sponsored or maintained by the Company
or any of its subsidiaries, or pursuant to which the Company or any
of its subsidiaries has any liability, for the benefit of any
current, former or retired employee, officer, consultant,
independent contractor or director of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries (collectively, the “ Company
Employees” and such plans, programs, policies, agreements
and arrangements, collectively, the “ Company Plans
”). Since July 15, 2004, all Options were granted at an
exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of a Share
on the date of grant.
(b) With
respect to each Company Plan, the Company has made available to the
Parent a current, accurate and complete copy thereof (or, if a plan
is not written, a written description thereof) and, to the extent
applicable, (i) any related trust or custodial agreement or
other funding instrument, (ii) the most recent determination
letter, if any, received from the Internal Revenue Service (the
“ IRS ”), (iii) any summary plan
description or employee handbook, and (iv) for the most recent
year (A) the Form 5500 and attached schedules,
(B) audited financial statements and (C) actuarial
valuation reports, if any.
(c) Each
Company Plan has been established and administered in all material
respects in accordance with its terms and in compliance in all
material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code
”), and other applicable laws, rules and
regulations.
(d) With
respect to each Company Plan, no actions, suits or claims (other
than routine claims for benefits in the ordinary course) are
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, that would
reasonably be expected to give rise to a material liability. There
is not now, nor do any circumstances exist that would reasonably be
expected to give rise to, any requirement for the posting of
security with respect to a Company Plan or the
imposition
-12-
of any material
lien on the assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under
ERISA or the Code.
(e) Each
Company Plan which is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a)
of the Code and the related trust which is intended to be exempt
have received a determination letter to that effect from the IRS
and, to the knowledge of the Company, no circumstances exist which
would reasonably be expected to adversely affect such qualification
or exemption.
(f) No
Company Plan is a Multiemployer Plan, a plan that has two or more
contributing sponsors at least two of whom are not under common
control, within the meaning of Section 4063 of ERISA (a
“ Multiple Employer Plan ”), or a plan otherwise
subject to Title IV of ERISA; and (ii) none of the Company or
its subsidiaries nor any of their respective ERISA Affiliates has,
at any time during the last six years, contributed to or been
obligated to contribute to any Multiemployer Plan, Multiple
Employer Plan or plan that is subject to Title IV. For purposes of
this Section 3.10, “ ERISA Affiliate ” means,
with respect to any entity, trade or business, any other entity,
trade or business that is a member of a group described in
Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or
Section 4001(b)(1) of ERISA that includes the first entity,
trade or business, or that is a member of the same
“controlled group” as the first entity, trade or
business pursuant to Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA.
(g) None of
the Company and its subsidiaries nor any other person that the
Company or any of its subsidiaries has an obligation to indemnify
has engaged in any “prohibited transaction” (as defined
in Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA) that
would reasonably be expected to subject any of the Company Plans or
their related trusts, the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any
person that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has an
obligation to indemnify, to any material tax or penalty imposed
under Section 4975 of the Code or Section 502 of
ERISA.
(h) Neither
the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have an obligation under a
Company Plan or otherwise to provide health care benefits (whether
or not insured) to Company Employees beyond their retirement or
other termination of service, other than coverage mandated by
applicable law the full cost of which is borne by the Company
Employee.
(i) The
execution, delivery of and performance by the Company of its
obligations in respect of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement will not (either alone or upon occurrence of any
additional or subsequent events): (i) constitute an event
under any Company Plan or any trust or loan related to any of those
plans or agreements that will or may result in any payment,
acceleration, forgiveness of indebtedness, vesting, distribution,
increase in payments or benefits, obligation to fund payments or
benefits or “parachute payments” (within the meaning of
Section 280G of the Code)) with respect to any Company
Employee, or (ii) result in the triggering or imposition of
any restrictions or limitations on the right of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries to amend, terminate or receive a reversion of
assets from any Company Plan.
SECTION
3.11 Labor and Employment Matters . None of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any
collective bargaining agreement respecting its
-13-
employees, and,
to the knowledge of the Company, no campaigns are being conducted
to solicit cards from any employee of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to authorize representation by any labor
organization.
SECTION
3.12 Insurance . The Company and its
subsidiaries maintain insurance coverage with insurers in such
amounts and against such risks and with coverage customarily
carried by Persons conducting business or owning assets similar to
the Company and its subsidiaries except as would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect. Section 3.12 of the Company Disclosure
Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of all insurance
policies providing coverage in favor of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, and the Company
has delivered to Parent a complete and accurate copy of all binders
in the Company’s possession as of the date of this Agreement.
Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) each
such policy is in full force and effect, and neither the Company
nor any of its subsidiaries is in breach or default, and neither
the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has taken any action or
failed to take any action which, with notice or the lapse of time,
would constitute such a breach or default, or permit termination or
modification of, any such insurance policies and (ii) to the
knowledge of the Company, there has not been any failure to give
any notice or present any claim under any such policy in a timely
fashion or in the manner required by any such policy, and, as of
the date of this Agreement, none of the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries has received any written notice of termination,
cancellation or reservation of rights from any insurer.
SECTION
3.13 Properties . (a) None of the Company
or any of its subsidiaries owns any real property. With respect to
the real property leased by the Company or its subsidiaries (the
“ Leased Real Property ”), (i) all of the
leases under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a
tenant are in full force and effect, and the Company has delivered
or otherwise made available to Parent prior to the date hereof true
and correct copies of such leases, which leases are set forth on
Section 3.13 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, and
(ii) neither the Company or its applicable subsidiary nor, to
the knowledge of the Company, any other party to any of these
leases is in material breach or violation or default under any
lease relating to the Leased Real Property.
(b) Except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company or one of its
subsidiaries has good title to all material personal property
reflected in the latest audited balance sheet included in the SEC
Reports as being owned by the Company or one of its subsidiaries or
acquired after the date thereof that are material to the
Company’s business on a consolidated basis (except personal
property sold or otherwise disposed of since the date thereof in
the ordinary course of business), free and clear of all claims,
liens, charges, security interests, easements, covenants and other
restrictions or encumbrances of any nature whatsoever (“
Liens ”) except (i) statutory liens securing
payments not yet due, (ii) mortgages, or deeds of trust,
security interests or other encumbrances on title related to
indebtedness reflected on the consolidated financial statements of
the Company and (iii) Liens that do not materially affect the
use of such property for its intended purposes (such Liens or
encumbrances described in Sections 3.13(b)(i), (ii) and
(iii), collectively, “ Permitted Liens
”).
-14-
SECTION
3.14 Tax Matters . (a) Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in, a Material Adverse Effect, (i) all Tax Returns required to
be filed by, or with respect to any properties or activities of,
the Company and its subsidiaries have been filed (except those
under valid extension), (ii) all Taxes of the Company and its
subsidiaries have been paid or adequately provided for on the most
recent financial statements included in the SEC Reports,
(iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has
received written notice of any action, suit, proceeding,
investigation, claim or audit against, or with respect to, any
Taxes, (iv) there are no liens for Taxes (other than Taxes not
yet due and payable) upon any of the assets of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries, and (v) neither the Company nor any of
its subsidiaries (A) has been a member of an affiliated group
filing a consolidated federal income tax return (other than a group
the common parent of which was the Company), (B) has any
liability for the Taxes of any Person (other than the Company, or
any subsidiary of the Company) under Treasury regulation section
1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign law)
or (C) is a party to or is bound by any Tax sharing,
allocation or indemnification agreement or arrangement. Neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries has constituted either a
“distributing corporation” or a “controlled
corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A)
of the Code) in a distribution of stock intended to qualify for
tax-free treatment under Section 355(a) of the Code (i) in the
two (2) years prior to the date of this Agreement or
(ii) in a distribution that otherwise constitutes part of a
“plan” or “series of related transactions”
(within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) of which the
Merger is also a part. The Company has not been a United States
real property holding corporation within the meaning of
Section 897(c)(2) of the Code during the applicable period
specified in Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code. Neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries has participated in any
“reportable transaction” as defined in Treasury
Regulation Section 1.6011-4.
(b) For
purposes of this Agreement, “ Taxes” shall mean
any taxes of any kind, including but not limited to those on or
measured by or referred to as income, gross receipts, capital,
sales, use, ad valorem, franchise, profits, license, withholding,
payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium,
value added, property or windfall profits taxes, customs, duties or
similar fees, assessments or charges of any kind whatsoever,
together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or
additional amounts imposed by any governmental authority, domestic
or foreign. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Tax
Return ” shall mean any return, report or statement
required to be filed with any governmental authority with respect
to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment thereto or amendment
thereof.
SECTION
3.15 Proxy Statement . None of the information
supplied or to be supplied by the Company for inclusion or
incorporation by reference in the proxy statement to be sent to the
shareholders of the Company in connection with the Stockholders
Meeting (such proxy statement, as amended or supplemented, the
“ Proxy Statement ”) will, at the date it is
first mailed to the stockholders of the Company and at the time of
the Stockholders Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are
made, not misleading. The Proxy Statement will, at the time of the
Stockholders Meeting, comply as to form in all material respects
with the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any
information
-15-
supplied by
Parent or Merger Sub or any of their respective representatives
which is contained or incorporated by reference in the Proxy
Statement.
SECTION
3.16 Opinion of Financial Advisor . Goldman,
Sachs & Co. has delivered to the Board of Directors of the
Company its written opinion (or oral opinion to be confirmed in
writing), dated as of the date hereof, that, as of such date and
based upon and subject to the matters set forth therein, the Merger
Consideration is fair, from a financial point of view, to the
holders of the Common Stock, and, as of the date hereof, such
opinion has not been rescinded, repudiated or, except as set forth
therein, qualified.
SECTION
3.17 Brokers . No broker, finder or investment
banker (other than Goldman, Sachs & Co. pursuant to a written
agreement, a true and complete copy of which has been provided to
Parent prior to the date hereof) is entitled to any brokerage,
finder’s or other fee or commission from the Company or any
of its subsidiaries in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
SECTION
3.18 Takeover Statutes . Assuming the accuracy
of the representations and warranties of Parent and Merger Sub set
forth in Section 4.9, no “fair price,”
“moratorium,” “control share acquisition,”
“business combination” or other antitakeover statute or
regulation enacted under state or federal laws in the United States
applicable to the Company, including Section 203 of the DGCL,
is applicable to the Merger or the other transactions expressly
contemplated hereby. To the fullest extent of its powers, the Board
of Directors of the Company has passed a resolution, and the
Company has taken all necessary steps, to exempt this Agreement,
the Stockholder Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby
or thereby from such takeover statutes, including Section 203
of the DGCL.
SECTION
3.19 Intellectual Property . Except as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to
result in a Material Adverse Effect: (a) the Company and its
subsidiaries own or have the right to use all patents, inventions,
copyrights, software, trademarks, service marks, domain names,
trade dress, trade secrets and all other intellectual property
rights of any kind or nature (“ Intellectual Property
”) as are necessary for, and as are used in, their businesses
as currently conducted; (b) to the knowledge of the Company,
such Intellectual Property does not infringe the Intellectual
Property of any third party (and the Company has not, since
January 1, 2003, received any written notice alleging any such
infringement that has not since been resolved prior to the date
hereof without remaining Liability to any of the Company or its
subsidiaries (other than as may be accrued for in the
Company’s balance sheet dated as of September 30, 2005
included in the SEC Reports)) and is not being infringed by any
third party; (c) the Company and its subsidiaries make
commercially reasonable efforts to protect and maintain their
Intellectual Property; and (d) the Company is not and has not
been since January 1, 2003, a party to any claim, suit or
other action, and to the knowledge of the Company, no claim, suit
or other action is or has been since January 1, 2003,
threatened, that challenges the validity, enforceability,
ownership, or right to use, sell or license the Intellectual
Property.
SECTION
3.20 Contracts . (a) Except for this
Agreement, none of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a
party to or bound by any Contract: (i) that would be required
to be filed by the Company as a “material contract”
pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K under the
Securities Act; (ii) relating to (A) the borrowing of
money or obtaining extensions of
-16-
credit by the
Company or any of its subsidiaries in principal amount in excess of
$5 million individually or $15 million in the aggregate
or (B) the loaning of money or granting extensions of credit
(other than student loans and other than advances made to employees
or consultants for expenses in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practices not exceeding, in the aggregate
$20,000, outstanding at any time) by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries; (iii) with respect to the purchase, generation
or sale of student loans or Successfully Completed Applications or
Private Loan applications in excess of $50 million in
principal amount (other than sales among the Company and its
directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries in connection with
a securitization transaction in which the Company or its directly
or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries retains ownership of such
student loans); (iv) under which any federal agency, state
agency or other entity provides a guarantee pursuant to the Higher
Education Act of the principal of and/or accrued interest on any
student loan in excess of $100 million in aggregate principal
amount extended by the Company or any of its subsidiaries;
(v) pursuant to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries
services student loans for any third party in excess of
$100 million in aggregate principal amount or by which any
third party services student loans for the Company or any of its
subsidiaries in excess of $100 million in aggregate principal
amount; (vi) containing covenants or agreements by or binding
upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries that require any one of
them to refrain from hiring or soliciting for employment any person
or that restrict or by their terms purport to restrict the ability
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or which, following the
consummation of the Merger, would restrict the ability of the
Surviving Corporation or any of its affiliates) to compete in any
business or with any person or in any geographic area, or
containing “exclusive dealing” or similar provisions or
restrictive covenants or similar provisions, or that require the
Company or any of its subsidiaries to provide pricing or other
terms that are no less favorable to the other party or parties
thereto than terms provided to one or more other existing or
prospective customers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
except for any such contract that may be cancelled on notice of
30 days or less without penalty or any payment and without any
remaining Liability or obligation to or on the Company or any of
its subsidiaries; (vii) with respect to a joint venture or
partnership agreement; (viii) with an affiliate or holder of
more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company
involving a nonmonetary commitment on the part of the Company or
involving amounts in excess of $60,000; (ix) that involve the
licensing to or from any of the Company or its subsidiaries of any
intellectual property material to the conduct of the business of
the Company and its subsidiaries, other than agreements entered
into by College Publisher, Inc. and Collegexit.com LLC, in each
case entered into in the ordinary course of business; or
(x) that would prevent, materially delay or materially impede
the Company’s ability to consummate the Merger or the other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Each such Contract
described in clauses (i) through (x) is referred to
herein as a “ Material Contract .”
(b) Each of
the Material Contracts is valid and binding on the Company and each
of its subsidiaries party thereto and, to the knowledge of the
Company, each other party thereto and is in full force and effect,
except for such failures to be valid and binding or to be in full
force and effect that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
There is no default under any Material Contract by the Company or
any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any
other party thereto, and no event has occurred that with the lapse
of time or the giving of notice or both would constitute a default
thereunder by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, in each case
except as
-17-
would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION
3.21 Affiliate Transactions . No executive
officer or director of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or
any person who beneficially owns 5% or more of the Company Common
Stock is a party to any Contract with or binding upon the Company
or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or
assets or has any interest in any property owned by the Company or
any of its subsidiaries or has engaged in any transaction with any
of the foregoing since December 14, 2004, involving a
nonmonetary commitment on the part of the Company or involving
amounts in excess of $60,000.
SECTION
3.22 Student Loan Portfolio . For purposes of
this Agreement, “FFELP Loans” means all student loans
originated or held under the Federal Family Education Loan Program
authorized by Part B, Title IV of the Higher Education Act
(including any such loans originated or made by others and acquired
by the Company or any of its subsidiaries) and held by the Company
or any of its subsidiaries; “Private Loans” means all
student loans originated or held other than the FFELP loans
(including any such loans originated or made by others and acquired
by the Company or any of its subsidiaries) and held by the Company
or any of its subsidiaries; “Student Loan Portfolio”
means the FFELP Loans and the Private Loans; and “
Successfully Completed Application ” shall have the
applicable meaning ascribed to such term in the applicable third
party contract to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a
party.
(a) Except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the
Company, the loans in the Student Loan Portfolio are in full force
and effect and are legal, valid and binding obligations of the
borrowers thereunder, enforceable in accordance with their terms,
subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
fraudulent conveyance and similar laws relating to creditor rights
generally, subject to general principles of equity and subject to
any reserves with respect thereto on the books and records of the
Company not materially different than the percentage level of
reserves with respect to such loans as of the date hereof and
except for loans noted on the Company’s books and records as
being subject to bankruptcy proceedings; and except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, interfere in any material respect
with the conduct of the Company’s business as currently
conducted there exists a student loan file in the possession of the
Company or its designated servicer pertaining to each loan in the
Student Loan Portfolio containing substantially all the documents
customarily contained in a student loan file.
(b) The Bank
of New York serves as eligible lender trustee (“ Eligible
Lender Trustee ”) on behalf of the Company, its
subsidiaries and the securitization trusts and in that capacity
holds legal title to, and is the sole legal owner of, the FFELP
Loans, free and clear of all material Liens, other than as set
forth in Section 3.22(b) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule.
(c) Each
FFELP Loan or Successfully Completed Application originated by the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or serviced by the Company or
any of its subsidiaries has been duly originated or serviced, as
applicable, by the Company (or the applicable subsidiary) in all
material respects in compliance and in accordance with the
Company’s (or the applicable subsidiary’s) applicable
third party contracts and the Higher Education Act and the
published rules, regulations and interpretations
thereunder.
-18-
(d) Except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the
Company, each FFELP Loan is duly guaranteed by an eligible
guarantor under the Federal Family Education Loan Program and such
guarantees are in full force and effect. Neither the Company nor
any of its subsidiaries has been notified in writing by any such
guarantor to the contrary or by the Department of Education of a
denial of federal reinsurance benefits, or of any failure to adhere
in any material respect to any rules, standards or requirements of
such guarantor, in any such case that has not been cured or is not
capable of being cured without, individually or in the aggregate,
any material expense or Liability to the Company or its
subsidiaries.
(e) Except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the
Company, the Company (or one of its subsidiaries) has good and
marketable title to (or upon final funding or disbursement and
transfer to the Company will have good and marketable title to) the
Private Loans, free and clear of all Liens other than liens related
to the private loan warehouse facility. Each Private Loan or
Private Loan application has been duly originated, and is being
held and serviced, in all material respects in accordance with the
applicable third party contracts to which the Company or any of its
subsidiaries is a party relating to such loans and the credit and
collection policies of the Company or its subsidiaries as
previously disclosed to Parent.
(f) To the
knowledge of the Company, each FFELP Loan or Private Loan and each
Successfully Completed Application or Private Loan application that
is owned or serviced by the Company or any of its subsidiaries and
that was not originated or serviced by or on behalf of the Company
or any of its subsidiaries (i) was originated and serviced in
a manner consistent in all material respects with the standards for
such origination and servicing set forth in the agreement pursuant
to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries acquired such FFELP
Loan or Successfully Completed Application, or such Private Loan or
Private Loan application, and (ii) was originated and serviced
in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and
regulations prior to its acquisition by the Company.
(g) Section 3.22(g)
of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all claims involving the
Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to the loss by the
Company of “Exceptional Performer” status.
SECTION
3.23 Compliance with Third Party Servicer
Regulations; Audits and Inquiries .
(a) Except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its
subsidiaries are, and giving effect to the Merger will be, in
compliance with all applicable requirements of federal law and the
Higher Education Act regarding qualification and performance as a
third-party servicer (as such terms are defined in the regulations
of the Department of Education under the Higher Education Act) for
all entities for which the Company or any of its subsidiaries acts
as a third-party servicer, other than any such failure to comply
relating to Parent or any of its subsidiaries. The execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement and the agreements and
documentation relating thereto, and the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not cause, and
would not reasonably be expected to cause, the Company or
any
-19-
of its
subsidiaries to fail to qualify as a third-party servicer, other
than any such failure relating to Parent or any of its
subsidiaries.
(b) Except
for customary ongoing quality control reviews, and except as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect, no audit or investigation by a
Governmental Entity is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened that is reasonably likely to result in (1) a claim
of a failure to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations;
(2) rescission, in whole or in part, of any insurance or
guaranty contract or agreement of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries; or (3) payment by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries of a penalty to any Governmental Entity.
SECTION
3.24 Securitization Matters .
(a) No
registration statement, prospectus, private placement memorandum or
other offering document, or any amendments or supplements to any of
the foregoing, utilized in connection with the offering of
securities in any Company Sponsored Asset Securitization
Transaction (collectively, “ Securitization Disclosure
Documents ”), true and correct copies of representative
examples of which have been provided to Parent and true and correct
copies of which will, after the date hereof, be made available to
Parent, as of its effective date (in the case of a registration
statement) or its issue date (in the case of any other such
document), contained any untrue statement of any material fact or
omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. “
Company Sponsored Asset Securitization Transaction ”
means any loan or other asset securitization transaction in which
the Company or any of its subsidiaries was an issuer, sponsor or
depositor, all of which are listed on Section 3.24(a) of the
Company Disclosure Schedule.
(b) Section 3.24(b)
of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and correct
list as of the date hereof of all outstanding Company Sponsored
Asset Securitization Transactions, and for each such transaction a
list of all outstanding securities issued therein, including
securities retained by the Company and its subsidiaries, and
includes the original and current rating and the principal amount
as of the most current reporting date for each security listed
thereon.
(c) Neither
the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of
the Company, any trustee, master servicer, servicer or issuer with
respect to Company Sponsored Asset Securitization Transaction, has
taken or failed to take any action which would reasonably be
expected to adversely affect the intended tax characterization or
tax treatment for federal, state or local income or franchise tax
purposes of the issuer or any securities issued in any such Company
Sponsored Asset Securitization Transaction. All federal, state and
local income or franchise tax and information returns and reports
required to be filed by the issuer, master servicer, servicer or
trustee relating to any Company Sponsored Asset Securitization
Transactions, and all tax elections required to be made in
connection therewith, have been properly filed or made.
SECTION
3.25 No Other Representations or Warranties .
Except for the representations and warranties contained in this
Article III, Parent and Merger Sub acknowledges
-20-
that neither
the Company nor any other person on behalf of the Company makes any
other express or implied representation or warranty with respect to
the Company or with respect to any other information provided to
Parent or Merger Sub, including with respect to such other
information made available to Parent or Merger Sub in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF
PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Parent and Merger
Sub hereby, jointly and severally, represent and warrant to the
Company that:
SECTION
4.1 Organization . Each of Parent and Merger Sub
is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing (with respect to jurisdictions that recognize the concept
of good standing) under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is
incorporated and has all requisite corporate or similar power and
authority to own, operate and lease its properties and to carry on
its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure
to be so organized, existing or in good standing or to have such
power or authority would not prevent or materially delay the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Parent owns beneficially and of record all of the outstanding
capital stock of Merger Sub free and clear of all security
interests, liens, claims pledges, agreements, limitations in voting
rights, charges or other encumbrances of any nature
whatsoever.
SECTION
4.2 Authority . Each of Parent and Merger Sub
has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement by each of Parent and
Merger Sub and the consummation by each of Parent and Merger Sub of
the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly
authorized by all necessary action by the Boards of Directors of
Parent and Merger Sub and, prior to the Effective Time, will be
duly and validly authorized by all necessary action by Parent as
the sole stockholder of Merger Sub, and no other corporate
proceedings or stockholder vote on the part of Parent or Merger Sub
or their affiliates are necessary to authorize this Agreement, to
perform their respective obligations hereunder, or to consummate
the transactions contemplated hereby (other than the filing with
the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of the Certificate
of Merger as required by the DGCL). This Agreeme
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