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EXECUTION COPY AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

Agreement and Plan of Merger

EXECUTION COPY AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER | Document Parties: PERKINELMER INC | ViaCell, Inc | VICTOR ACQUISITION CORP You are currently viewing:
This Agreement and Plan of Merger involves

PERKINELMER INC | ViaCell, Inc | VICTOR ACQUISITION CORP

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Title: EXECUTION COPY AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
Governing Law: Delaware     Date: 10/2/2007
Industry: Scientific and Technical Instr.     Law Firm: Wilmer Cutler;Ropes Gray     Sector: Technology

EXECUTION COPY AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, Parties: perkinelmer inc , viacell  inc , victor acquisition corp
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Exhibit 2.1

E XECUTION C OPY

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

by and among

PERKINELMER, INC.

VICTOR ACQUISITION CORP.

and

VIACELL, INC.

Dated as of October 1, 2007

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

ARTICLE I THE CASH TENDER OFFER

   1

1.1

  

The Offer

   1

1.2

  

Company Actions

   3

1.3

  

Directors

   4

ARTICLE II THE MERGER

   5

2.1

  

The Merger

   5

2.2

  

Closing

   5

2.3

  

Effective Time

   5

2.4

  

Effects of the Merger

   6

2.5

  

Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws

   6

2.6

  

Directors and Officers

   6

2.7

  

Top-Up Option

   6

ARTICLE III CONVERSION OF SECURITIES IN THE MERGER

   7

3.1

  

Effect of Merger of Capital Stock

   7

3.2

  

Surrender of Certificates

   8

ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

   10

4.1

  

Organization, Standing and Power

   10

4.2

  

Capitalization

   11

4.3

  

Subsidiaries

   12

4.4

  

Authority; No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents

   13

4.5

  

SEC Filings; Financial Statements; Information Provided

   15

4.6

  

No Undisclosed Liabilities

   16

4.7

  

Absence of Certain Changes or Events

   16

4.8

  

Taxes

   16

4.9

  

Owned and Leased Real Properties

   17

4.10

  

Intellectual Property

   18

4.11

  

Agreements, Contracts and Commitments; Government Contracts

   19

4.12

  

Litigation

   20

4.13

  

Environmental Matters

   20

4.14

  

Employee Benefit Plans

   22

4.15

  

Compliance With Laws

   23

4.16

  

Permits

   26

4.17

  

Labor Matters

   26

4.18

  

Insurance

   26

4.19

  

Opinion of Financial Advisor

   26

4.20

  

Section 203 of the DGCL Not Applicable

   27

4.21

  

Brokers; Schedule of Fees and Expenses

   27

4.23

  

Rule 14d-10

   27

4.24

  

Controls and Procedures, Certifications and Other Matters Relating to the Sarbanes Act

   27

ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PARENT AND THE PURCHASER

   28

5.1

  

Organization, Standing and Power

   28

5.2

  

Authority; No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents

   28

5.3

  

Information Provided

   29

5.4

  

Interim Operations of the Purchaser

   29

5.5

  

Absence of Litigation

   29

5.6

  

Availability of Funds

   30

 

i

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Continued)

 

          Page

5.7

  

Not An Interested Person

   30

5.8

  

Other Agreements and Understandings

   30

5.9

  

Brokers

   30

ARTICLE VI CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

   30

6.1

  

Conduct Prior to Effective Time

   30

6.2

  

Confidentiality

   33

ARTICLE VII ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

   33

7.1

  

No Solicitation

   33

7.2

  

Efforts; Consents, Notices and Approvals

   36

7.3

  

Notification of Certain Matters

   36

7.4

  

Company Stockholder Approval of the Merger

   37

7.5

  

Access to Information; Confidentiality

   38

7.6

  

Public Disclosure

   38

7.7

  

Indemnification

   38

7.8

  

Employee Benefits Matters

   39

7.9

  

Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 401(k) Plan

   40

7.10

  

Treatment of Company Warrants

   40

7.11

  

Stockholder Litigation

   40

7.12

  

Parent Guaranty

   41

ARTICLE VIII CONDITIONS

   41

8.1

  

Conditions to Obligation of Each Party to Effect the Merger

   41

ARTICLE IX TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER

   41

9.1

  

Termination

   41

9.2

  

Effect of Termination

   43

9.3

  

Fees and Expenses

   43

9.4

  

Amendment

   43

9.5

  

Extension; Waiver

   43

9.6

  

Procedure for Termination, Amendment, Extension or Waiver

   43

ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS

   44

10.1

  

Nonsurvival of Representations and Warranties

   44

10.2

  

Notices

   44

10.3

  

Entire Agreement

   45

10.4

  

No Third Party Beneficiaries

   45

10.5

  

Assignment

   45

10.6

  

Severability

   45

10.7

  

Counterparts and Signature

   45

10.8

  

Interpretation

   45

10.9

  

Governing Law

   46

10.10

  

Remedies

   46

10.11

  

Submission to Jurisdiction

   46

10.12

  

WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL

   46

 

ANNEX I

   Conditions of The Offer

EXHIBIT A

   Form of Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation

 

ii

 


TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS

 

Acceptance Time

   1.3(a)

Accredited Investor

   2.7(d)

Acquisition Agreement

   7.1(b)

Acquisition Proposal

   7.1

Adverse Recommendation Notice

   7.1(b)

Affiliate

   4.2(e)

Agreement

   Introduction

Approved Company Compensation Arrangement

   4.23

Certificate of Merger

   2.3

Certificate

   3.1(a)

CLIA

   4.15(o)

Closing

   2.2

Closing Date

   2.2

Code

   1.1(e)

Company

   Introduction

Company Adverse Recommendation Change

   9.1(c)

Company Balance Sheet

   4.5(b)

Company Board

   1.2(b)

Company Capital Stock

   3.2(c)

Company Common Stock

   Introduction

Company Compensation Arrangement

   4.23

Company Disclosure Schedule

   Article IV

Company Employees

   7.8(a)

Company Employee Plans

   4.14(a)

Company Intellectual Property

   4.10(b)

Company Leases

   4.9(b)

Company Material Adverse Effect

   4.1

Company Material Contracts

   4.11(a)

Company Permits

   4.16

Company Preferred Stock

   4.2(a)

Company SEC Documents

   4.5(a)

Company Stockholder Approval

   4.4(a)

Company Stockholders Meeting

   7.4(a)

Company Stock Options

   4.2(c)

Company Stock Plans

   4.2(c)

Company Voting Proposal

   4.4(a)

Company Warrants

   4.2(d)

Compensation Committee

   4.23

Confidentiality Agreement

   6.2

Contamination

   4.12(c)

Designated SEC Documents

   Article IV

DGCL

   Introduction

Dissenting Shares

   3.1(b)

Effective Time

   2.3

Employee Benefit Plan

   4.14(a)

Environmental Law

   4.13(b)

ERISA

   4.14(a)

ERISA Affiliate

   4.14(a)

Exchange Act

   1.1

ESPP

   7.9

 

iii

 


TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS

(Continued)

 

FDA

   4.15(d)

Financial Advisor

   4.19

GAAP

   4.5(b)

Governmental Entity

   4.4(c)

Hazardous Substance

   4.13(e)

Healthcare-Related Law

   4.15(o)

HIPAA

   4.15(i)

HSR Act

   4.4(c)

Indemnified Parties

   7.7(a)

Independent Directors

   1.3(c)

Insurance Policies

   4.18

Intellectual Property

   4.10(a)

Intervening Event

   7.1(b)

IRS

   4.14(b)

Letter of Transmittal

   1.1(c)

Liens

   4.4(b)

Merger

   Introduction

Merger Agreement

   Annex I

Merger Consideration

   3.1

Minimum Condition

   Annex I

New Plans

   7.8(b)

Offer

   Introduction

Offer Consideration

   1.1

Offer to Purchase

   1.1

Offer Documents

   1.1(c)

Old Plans

   7.8(b)

Option Consideration

   7.8(c)

Ordinary Course of Business

   4.3(d)

Outside Date

   9.1(b)

Parent

   Introduction

Paying Agent

   3.2(a)

Payment Fund

   3.2(a)

Proxy Statement

   7.4(b)

Purchaser

   Introduction

Purchaser Designees

   1.3(a)

Registered Intellectual Property

   4.10(c)

Registrations

   4.15(d)

Release

   4.13(d)

Representatives

   7.1(a)

Sarbanes Act

   4.5(a)

Schedule TO

   1.1(c)

Schedule 14D-9

   1.2(b)

SEC

   1.1(b)

Securities Act

   4.2(e)

Section 262

   3.1(b)

Shares

   Introduction

Specified Time

   7.1(a)

Stark Law

   4.15(j)

Subsidiary

   4.3(a)

 

iv

 


TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS

(Continued)

 

Superior Proposal

   7.1(f)

Surviving Corporation

   2.1

Taxes

   4.8(n)

Tax Returns

   4.8(n)

Third Party Intellectual Property

   4.10(b)

Top-Up Option

   2.7(a)

Top-Up Option Shares

   2.7(a)

Trade Secrets

   4.10(a)

 

v

 


AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”), dated as of October 1, 2007, is among PerkinElmer, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Parent”), Victor Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Parent (the “Purchaser”), and ViaCell, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the respective Boards of Directors of the Parent, the Purchaser and the Company have determined that it would be advisable and in the best interests of their respective stockholders for the Parent to acquire the Company upon the terms and subject only to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, in furtherance of such acquisition, the Purchaser will make a cash tender offer (as it may be amended from time to time as permitted under this Agreement, the “Offer”) to purchase all of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Company Common Stock”), at a price of $7.25 per share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, to effectuate such acquisition, following consummation of the Offer, the Purchaser will be merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation in such merger (the “Merger”);

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has by unanimous vote (i) determined that the Offer and the Merger are fair to, and in the best interest of, the Company and its stockholders; (ii) approved this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the Offer and the Merger, in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and (iii) declared the advisability of this Agreement and resolved to recommend that the holders of the Company Common Stock tender their shares into and accept the Offer and adopt this Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, the Parent, the Purchaser and the Company agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

THE CASH TENDER OFFER

1.1 The Offer .

(a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, within ten business days of the day on which the Purchaser’s intention to make the Offer is publicly announced (which announcement will be made by the Parent on October 1, 2007), the Purchaser shall commence (within the meaning of Rule 14d-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), the Offer to purchase any and all outstanding shares of Company Common Stock at a price of $7.25 per share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon (the “Offer Consideration”). On the terms and subject to the prior satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted under this Agreement) of the conditions of the Offer and this Agreement, the Purchaser shall accept for payment all shares of Company Common Stock validly tendered and not properly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer as soon as practicable after the expiration of the Offer and shall pay for all such shares of Company Common Stock promptly after acceptance. The obligation of the Parent and the Purchaser to commence the Offer and to accept for payment and pay for shares of Company Common Stock validly tendered in the Offer and not properly withdrawn shall be subject only to the conditions set forth in Annex I to this Agreement.

(b) The initial expiration date of the Offer shall be the 20th business day after commencement of the Offer (determined in accordance with Rules 14d-1(g)(3) and 14d-2 under the Exchange Act). The Purchaser

 


expressly reserves the right, subject to compliance with the Exchange Act, to waive, amend or modify any term or condition of the Offer in its sole discretion; provided , however , that, without the prior written consent of the Company, the Purchaser shall not:

(i) change the form of consideration payable in the Offer, decrease the Offer Consideration or decrease the number of shares of Company Common Stock sought pursuant to the Offer;

(ii) extend the expiration date of the Offer except (A) as required by applicable law (including for any period required by any rule, regulation, interpretation or position of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or the staff thereof), (B) that if, immediately prior to the scheduled expiration date of the Offer (as it may be extended), any condition to the Offer has not been satisfied or waived, the Purchaser may, in its sole discretion, and shall at the request of the Company, extend the expiration date of the Offer for one or more periods (not in excess of ten business days each) but in no event later than February 28, 2008 or (C) in connection with an increase in the consideration to be paid pursuant to the Offer so as to comply with applicable rules and regulations of the SEC;

(iii) waive the Minimum Condition;

(iv) amend any material term of the Offer in any manner materially adverse to holders of shares of Company Common Stock or which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay the consummation of the Offer or prevent, materially delay or materially impair the ability of the Parent and the Purchaser to consummate the Offer, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; or

(v) impose any condition to the Offer not set forth in Annex I .

The Purchaser may, without the consent of the Company, elect to provide a subsequent offering period for the Offer in accordance with Rule 14d-11 of the Exchange Act following its acceptance for payment of shares of Company Common Stock in the Offer. If immediately following the Acceptance Time (as defined in Section 1.3(a)), the shares of Company Common Stock validly tendered and not properly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer constitute more than 80% but less than 90% of the Shares of Company Common Stock outstanding at that time, then to the extent requested by the Company, the Purchaser shall provide for a subsequent offering period of at least 5 business days; provided , however , that the Purchaser shall not be required to provide for such subsequent offering period if it notifies the Company that it intends to promptly exercise the Top-Up Option (as defined in Section 2.7(a)), and that the Purchaser does so. The Offer may be terminated prior to its expiration date (as such expiration date may be extended and re-extended in accordance with this Agreement) only if this Agreement is validly terminated in accordance with its terms.

(c) On the date of commencement of the Offer, the Parent and the Purchaser shall file with the SEC a Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO (together with all amendments and supplements thereto, the “Schedule TO”) with respect to the Offer. The Schedule TO shall contain an offer to purchase (the “Offer to Purchase”), a form of the related letter of transmittal (the “Letter of Transmittal”), and ancillary documents and instruments pursuant to which the Offer will be made (collectively, together with any supplements or amendments thereto, the “Offer Documents”). The Parent and the Purchaser agree that the Offer Documents shall comply in all material respects with the requirements of applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, on the date first filed with the SEC and on the date first published, sent or given to the Company’s stockholders, shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that no covenant, agreement, representation or warranty is made by the Parent or the Purchaser with respect to information supplied by the Company or any of its stockholders in writing for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Offer Documents. The Parent and the Purchaser shall take all steps necessary to cause the Offer Documents to be disseminated to holders of shares of Company Common Stock, as and to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws. Each of the Parent, the Purchaser and the Company each shall promptly correct any information provided by it for use in the Schedule TO or the Offer Documents if and to the extent that

 

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such information shall have become false or misleading in any material respect, and the Parent and the Purchaser shall take all steps necessary to amend or supplement the Schedule TO and, as applicable, the Offer Documents and to cause the Schedule TO as so amended and supplemented to be filed with the SEC and the Offer Documents as so amended and supplemented to be disseminated to holders of shares of Company Common Stock, in each case as and to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws. The Company and its counsel shall be given reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon the Offer Documents and any amendments thereto prior to the filing thereof with the SEC or dissemination to the stockholders of the Company. The Parent and the Purchaser shall provide the Company and its counsel with a copy of any written comments or telephonic notification of any oral comments the Parent, the Purchaser or their counsel may receive from the SEC or its staff with respect to the Offer promptly after the receipt thereof, shall consult with the Company and its counsel prior to responding to any such comments, and shall provide the Company and its counsel with a copy of any written responses thereto and telephonic notification of any oral responses thereto of the Parent or the Purchaser or their counsel.

(d) The Parent shall provide or cause to be provided to the Purchaser on a timely basis the funds necessary to purchase any and all shares of Company Common Stock that the Purchaser becomes obligated to purchase pursuant to the Offer.

(e) The Purchaser shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to the Offer such amounts as the Purchaser reasonably determines that it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or under any other applicable law.

1.2 Company Actions .

(a) The Company hereby approves of and consents to the Offer, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(b) Contemporaneously with the commencement of the Offer, if practicable, and otherwise reasonably promptly (and in any event within two business days) thereafter, the Company shall file with the SEC a Solicitation/Recommendation Statement on Schedule 14D-9 with respect to the Offer (together with all amendments and supplements thereto, the “Schedule 14D-9”) and disseminate the Schedule 14D-9, to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws, to the stockholders of the Company. Except and to the extent otherwise permitted pursuant to Section 7.1 below, the Offer Documents and the Schedule 14D-9 shall contain the recommendation of the board of directors of the Company (the “Company Board”) in favor of the Offer and the adoption of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, and the Company hereby consents to the inclusion in the Offer Documents of such recommendation. The Company agrees that the Schedule 14D-9 shall comply in all material respects with the requirements of applicable U.S. federal securities laws and on the date first filed with the SEC and on the date first published, sent or given to the Company’s stockholders, shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that no covenant, agreement, representation or warranty is made by the Company with respect to information supplied by the Parent or the Purchaser in writing for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Schedule 14D-9. Each of the Company, the Parent and the Purchaser each shall promptly correct any information provided by it for use in the Schedule 14D-9 if and to the extent that such information shall have become false or misleading in any material respect, and the Company shall take all steps necessary to amend or supplement the Schedule 14D-9 and to cause the Schedule 14D-9 as so amended or supplemented to be filed with the SEC and disseminated to the Company’s stockholders, in each case as and to the extent required by applicable U.S. federal securities laws. The Parent and its counsel shall be given reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon the Schedule 14D-9 and any amendments thereto prior to the filing thereof with the SEC or dissemination to stockholders of the Company, except to the extent that any delay caused by such opportunity to review and comment would be inconsistent with the fiduciary obligations of the Company Board. The Company shall provide the Parent and its counsel with a copy of

 

3

 


any written comments or telephonic notification of any oral comments the Company or its counsel may receive from the SEC or its staff with respect to the Offer promptly after the receipt thereof, shall consult with the Parent and its counsel prior to responding to any such comments, and shall provide the Parent and its counsel with a copy of any written responses thereto and telephonic notification of any oral responses thereto of the Company or its counsel.

(c) The Company shall promptly supply to the Parent and the Purchaser in writing, for inclusion in the Schedule TO and the Offer Documents, all information concerning the Company required under applicable U.S. federal securities laws to be included in the Offer Documents or that may be reasonably requested by the Parent and the Purchaser in connection with the preparation of the Schedule TO or the Offer Documents or their obligations hereunder.

(d) In connection with the Offer, the Company shall instruct and cause its transfer agent to promptly furnish to the Purchaser or its designed agent mailing labels containing the names and addresses of the record holders of the shares of Company Common Stock as of a recent date and of those persons becoming record holders subsequent to such date and, to the extent known, a list of the beneficial owners of the shares of Company Common Stock as of a recent date, together with copies of all security position listings and all other computer files and other information in the Company’s possession or control regarding the beneficial owners of such shares, and shall furnish to the Purchaser such information and assistance (including updated lists and information) as the Purchaser may reasonably request for the purpose of communicating the Offer to the record and beneficial owners of the shares of Company Common Stock. From and after the date of this Agreement, all such information concerning the Company’s record and, to the extent known, beneficial holders shall be made available to the Purchaser. Subject to the requirements of applicable laws and except for such steps as are necessary to disseminate the Offer Documents and any other documents necessary to consummate the Offer, the Parent and the Purchaser shall, until consummation of the Offer, hold in confidence the information contained in any of such labels and lists, shall use such information only in connection with the Offer, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement and, if this Agreement shall be terminated in accordance with Section 9.1, shall, upon request, deliver to the Company, or destroy at the Purchaser’s election, all copies of such information then in their possession or under their control.

1.3 Directors .

(a) Promptly after the first time at which the Purchaser accepts for payment shares of Company Common Stock pursuant to the Offer (the “Acceptance Time”) satisfying the Minimum Condition, and from time to time thereafter as shares of Company Common Stock are accepted for payment and paid for by the Purchaser, the Purchaser shall be entitled to designate such number of members of the Company Board (the “Purchaser Designees”), rounded up to the nearest whole number, as will give the Purchaser representation on the Company Board equal to the product of the total number of members of the Company Board (after giving effect to the directors elected pursuant to this sentence) multiplied by the percentage that the number of shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned by the Parent or the Purchaser at such time (including shares of Company Common Stock so accepted for payment) bears to the total number of shares of Company Common Stock then outstanding; provided that in no event shall the Purchaser Designees constitute less than a majority of the Company Board. In furtherance thereof, the Company shall, upon the request of the Purchaser, use its reasonable best efforts promptly (and in any event within one business day) either to increase the size of the Company Board or to secure the resignations of such number of the Company’s incumbent directors, or both, as is necessary to enable the Purchaser Designees to be so elected or appointed to the Company Board and the Company shall take all actions available to the Company to cause the Purchaser Designees to be so elected or appointed. At such time, the Company shall, if requested by the Purchaser, also take all action necessary to cause persons designated by the Purchaser to constitute at least the same percentage (rounded up to the next whole number) as is on the Company Board of (i) each committee of the Company Board, (ii) each board of directors (or similar body) of each subsidiary of the Company and (iii) each committee (or similar body) of each such board. The provisions of this Section 1.3

 

4

 


are in addition to and shall not limit any rights which the Purchaser, the Parent or any of their affiliates may have as a holder or beneficial owner of shares of Company Common Stock as a matter of applicable law with respect to the election of directors or otherwise.

(b) The Company shall take all actions required in order to fulfill its obligations under Section 1.3(a), including mailing to its stockholders the information required by Section 14(f) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14f-1 promulgated thereunder as part of the Schedule 14D-9, provided that the Parent and the Purchaser have timely supplied to the Company in writing any information with respect to the Parent and the Purchaser and the Purchaser Designees to the extent required by such Section 14(f) and Rule 14f-1, and Parent shall be solely responsible for such information.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 1.3, the parties hereto shall use their respective reasonable best efforts to ensure that at least two of the members of the Company Board shall, at all times prior to the Effective Time (as defined in Section 2.3 hereof), be directors of the Company who were directors of the Company on the date hereof (the “Independent Directors”), provided that, if there shall be in office less than two Independent Directors for any reason, the Company Board shall cause the person designated by the remaining Independent Director to fill such vacancy who shall be deemed to be an Independent Director for all purposes of this Agreement, or if no Independent Directors then remain, the other directors of the Company then in office shall designate two persons to fill such vacancies who will not be directors, officers, employees or affiliates of the Parent or the Purchaser and such persons shall be deemed to be Independent Directors for all purposes of this Agreement. From and after the time, if any, that the Purchaser Designees constitute a majority of the Company Board and prior to the Effective Time, subject to the terms hereof, any amendment or modification of this Agreement, any termination of this Agreement by the Company, any extension of time for performance of any of the obligations of the Parent or the Purchaser hereunder, any waiver of any condition to the Company’s obligations hereunder or any of the Company’s rights hereunder (other than a waiver of clause (A) of Section 2.7(b)) or any amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws may be effected only if (in addition to the approval of the Company Board as a whole) there are in office one or more Independent Directors and such action is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office.

ARTICLE II

THE MERGER

2.1 The Merger . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the DGCL, the Purchaser shall merge with and into the Company at the Effective Time. At the Effective Time, the separate corporate existence of the Purchaser shall cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation (the “Surviving Corporation”) and shall succeed to and assume all the rights and obligations of the Purchaser in accordance with the DGCL.

2.2 Closing . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, the closing of the merger (the “Closing”) shall take place at 11:00 a.m., eastern time, on the second business day after the satisfaction or (to the extent permitted by applicable law) waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VIII (other than those that by their terms cannot be satisfied until the time of the Closing but subject to the fulfillment or waiver of such conditions), at the offices of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, 60 State Street, Boston, MA 02109, or at such other time, date or place agreed to in writing by the Parent and the Company; provided that if all the conditions set forth in Article VIII shall not have been satisfied or (to the extent permitted by applicable law) waived on such second business day, then the Closing shall take place on the first business day on which all such conditions shall have been satisfied or (to the extent permitted by applicable law) waived. The date on which the Closing occurs is referred to in this Agreement as the “Closing Date”.

2.3 Effective Time . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, as soon as practicable on the Closing Date, a certificate of merger or other appropriate documents (in any such case, the

 

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“Certificate of Merger”) shall be duly prepared, executed and acknowledged by the parties in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Merger shall become effective upon the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such subsequent time or date as the Parent and the Company shall agree and specify in the Certificate of Merger. The time at which the Merger becomes effective is referred to in this Agreement as the “Effective Time”.

2.4 Effects of the Merger . The Merger shall have the effects set forth in Section 259 of the DGCL.

2.5 Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws . The Certificate of Incorporation of the Company as in effect on the date of this Agreement shall be amended in its entirety to read as set forth in Exhibit A until thereafter amended as provided under the DGCL. The By-laws of the Purchaser as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the By-laws of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided under the DGCL.

2.6 Directors and Officers . The directors of the Purchaser immediately prior to the Effective Time will be the initial directors of the Surviving Corporation, and the officers of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time will be the initial officers of the Surviving Corporation, in each case until their successors are elected and qualified. Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall cause each member of the Company Board, other than the Purchaser Designees, to execute and deliver a letter effectuating his or her resignation as a director of the Company effective upon the Effective Time.

2.7 Top-Up Option .

(a) Subject to Section 2.7(b) and Section 2.7(c), the Company grants to Purchaser an assignable and irrevocable option (the “Top-Up Option”) to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Company Common Stock (the “Top-Up Option Shares”) equal to the number of shares of Company Common Stock that, when added to the number of shares of Company Common Stock owned by Purchaser as of immediately prior to the exercise of the Top-Up Option, constitutes one share more than 90% of the number of shares of Company Common Stock then outstanding on a fully diluted basis (determined in accordance with Annex I ) (assuming the issuance of the Top-Up Option Shares); provided , however , that the Top-Up Option shall not be exercisable for a number of shares of Company Common Stock in excess of the aggregate of the number of shares of Company Common Stock held as treasury shares by the Company and its Subsidiaries and the number of shares of Company Common Stock that the Company is authorized to issue under its certificate of incorporation but that are not issued and outstanding (and are not reserved for issuance pursuant to the instruments disclosed pursuant to Section 4.2(d)) as of immediately prior to the exercise of the Top-Up Option.

(b) The Top-Up Option may be exercised by Purchaser, in whole or in part, at any time at or after the Acceptance Time; provided , however , that the obligation of the Company to deliver Top-Up Option Shares upon the exercise of the Top-Up Option is subject to the conditions, unless waived by the Company, that (A) the issuance of Top-Up Option Shares pursuant to the Top-Up Option would not require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable laws, rules or regulations (including, without limitation, the NASDAQ rules and regulations), (B) immediately following exercise of the Top-Up Option, the number of shares of Company Common Stock owned in the aggregate by the Parent, the Purchaser and each of the Parent’s direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries constitutes at least one share more than 90% of the number of shares of Company Common Stock then outstanding on a fully diluted basis (determined in accordance with Annex I ) (assuming the issuance of the Top-Up Option Shares) and (C) the Minimum Condition shall have been satisfied. The parties shall cooperate to ensure that the issuance of the Top-Up Option Shares is accomplished consistent with all applicable laws, rules or regulations, including compliance with an applicable exemption from registration of the Top-Up Option Shares under the Securities Act. The aggregate purchase price payable for the Top-Up Option Shares shall be determined by multiplying the number of such Top-Up Option Shares by the Offer Consideration. Such purchase price may

 

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be paid by Purchaser, at its election, either in cash or by executing and delivering to the Company a promissory note having a principal amount equal to such purchase price, or by any combination of cash and such promissory note. Any such promissory note shall bear interest at the applicable federal rate determined under Section 1274(d) of the Code, shall mature on the first anniversary of the date of execution and delivery of such promissory note and may be prepaid without premium or penalty.

(c) In the event that Purchaser wishes to exercise the Top-Up Option, it shall deliver to the Company a notice setting forth (i) the number of Top-Up Option Shares that it intends to purchase pursuant to the Top-Up Option, (ii) the manner in which it intends to pay the applicable exercise price and (iii) the place and time at which the closing of the purchase of the Top-Up Option Shares by Purchaser is to take place. At the closing of the purchase of the Top-Up Option Shares, Purchaser shall cause to be delivered to the Company the consideration required to be delivered in exchange for such Top-Up Option Shares, and the Company shall cause to be issued to Purchaser a certificate representing such shares.

(d) Parent and Purchaser acknowledge that the Top-Up Option Shares that Purchaser may acquire upon exercise of the Top-Up Option will not be registered under the Securities Act and will be issued in reliance upon an exemption thereunder for transactions not involving a public offering. Parent and Purchaser represent and warrant to the Company that Purchaser is, or will be upon the purchase of the Top-Up Option Shares, an “Accredited Investor”, as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act. Purchaser agrees that the Top-Up Option and the Top-Up Option Shares to be acquired upon exercise of the Top-Up Option are being and will be acquired by Purchaser for the purpose of investment and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any distribution thereof in violation of the Securities Act.

ARTICLE III

CONVERSION OF SECURITIES IN THE MERGER

3.1 Effect of Merger of Capital Stock .

(a) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Purchaser, the Company, the Surviving Corporation or the holder of any of the following securities:

(i) each share of the Purchaser’s capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into and become one validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of the same class of capital stock of the Surviving Corporation;

(ii) each share of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time that is owned by the Parent, the Purchaser or the Company or any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Parent, the Purchaser or the Company, including all shares of Company Common Stock held by the Company as treasury stock, shall automatically be cancelled and retired, and no payment shall be made with respect thereto; and

(iii) each share of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than shares of Company Common Stock to be cancelled pursuant to clause (ii) above and any Dissenting Shares (as defined in Section 3.1(b) hereof)) shall be automatically cancelled and extinguished and be converted into and become the right to receive from the Surviving Corporation $7.25 in cash per share (or any such higher price per share as may be paid in the Offer) without any interest thereon (the “Merger Consideration”). As of the Effective Time, all such shares of Company Common Stock shall no longer be outstanding and shall be automatically cancelled and shall cease to exist, and each holder of a certificate which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented any such shares of Company Common Stock (each, a “Certificate”) shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the right to receive the Merger Consideration pursuant to this Section 3.1(a)(iii) upon surrender of such Certificate in accordance with Section 3.2, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding rights in accordance with Section 3.2(h).

 

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(b) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, shares (the “Dissenting Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock that are issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that are held by any holder who is entitled to demand and properly demands appraisal of such shares pursuant to, and who complies in all respects with, the provisions of Section 262 of the DGCL (“Section 262”) shall not be converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration as provided in Section 3.1(a)(iii), but instead such holder shall be entitled to payment of the fair value of such Dissenting Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 262. At the Effective Time, all Dissenting Shares shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and each holder of Dissenting Shares shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the right to receive the fair value of such shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 262. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any such holder shall fail to perfect or otherwise shall waive, withdraw or lose the right to appraisal under Section 262 or a court of competent jurisdiction shall determine that such holder is not entitled to the relief provided by Section 262, then the right of such holder to be paid the fair value of such holder’s Dissenting Shares under Section 262 shall cease and such Dissenting Shares shall be deemed to have been converted at the Effective Time into, and shall have become, the right to receive the Merger Consideration as provided in Section 3.1(a)(iii). The Company shall give the Parent and the Purchaser prompt notice of any demands for payment, or notices of intent to demand payment, received by the Company with respect to shares of Company Common Stock, and the Parent and the Purchaser shall have the right to participate in and direct all negotiations and proceedings with respect to such demands. Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of the Parent and the Purchaser, make any payment with respect to, or settle, or offer to settle, any such demands, or agree to do any of the foregoing.

(c) Following the Effective Time, Company Stock Options and Company Warrants shall be treated in the manner set forth in Section 7.8 and Section 7.10.

3.2 Surrender of Certificates .

(a) Prior to the Effective Time, the Parent shall select a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to the Company to act as agent (the “Paying Agent”) for the payment after the Effective Time of the Merger Consideration upon surrender of Certificates. At or prior to the Effective Time, the Parent shall provide, or cause the Surviving Corporation to provide, to the Paying Agent, cash necessary for payment of the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(iii) upon surrender of Certificates (such cash being hereinafter referred to as the “Payment Fund”).

(b) Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Paying Agent to mail to each holder of record of a Certificate within five business days after the Effective Time (or, if reasonably practicable, sooner): (i) a Letter of Transmittal (in customary form and which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificate shall pass, only upon delivery of the Certificate to the Paying Agent and shall be in such form and have such other provisions as the Parent may reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificate in exchange for the Merger Consideration. Upon surrender of a Certificate for cancellation to the Paying Agent or to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by the Parent, together with such Letter of Transmittal, duly completed and properly executed, and such other documents as may reasonably be required by the Paying Agent, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor an amount of cash equal to the Merger Consideration that such holder has the right to receive pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(iii), and the Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. In the event of a transfer of ownership of Company Common Stock that is not registered in the stock transfer records of the Company, payment may be made to a person other than the person in whose name the Certificate so surrendered is registered if such Certificate shall be properly endorsed or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and the person requesting such payment shall pay any transfer or other taxes required by reason of the payment to a person other than the registered holder of such Certificate or establish to the satisfaction of the Parent that such tax has been paid or is not applicable. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 3.2, each Certificate shall be deemed at any time after the Effective Time to represent only the right to receive upon such surrender the amount of cash,

 

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without interest, into which the shares of Company Common Stock formerly represented by such Certificate have been converted pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(iii). No interest shall be paid or shall accrue on the cash payable upon surrender of any Certificate.

(c) The Merger Consideration paid upon the surrender of a Certificate in accordance with the terms of this Article III shall be deemed to have been paid in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the shares of the capital stock of the Company (the “Company Capital Stock”) formerly represented by such Certificate. Upon the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed, and there shall be no further registration of transfers on the stock transfer books of the Surviving Corporation of shares of Company Capital Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, any Certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation or the Paying Agent for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Article III.

(d) Any portion of the Payment Fund that remains undistributed to the holders of Certificates for six months after the Effective Time shall be delivered by the Paying Agent to the Parent, upon demand, and any holder of a Certificate who has not theretofore complied with this Article III shall thereafter look only to the Parent for payment of the Merger Consideration, but shall have no greater rights against the Parent than may be accorded to general unsecured creditors of the Parent under applicable law.

(e) None of the Parent, the Purchaser, the Company, the Surviving Corporation or the Paying Agent shall be liable to any person in respect of any cash from the Payment Fund delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. If any Certificate has not been surrendered prior to two years after the Effective Time (or immediately prior to such earlier date on which the Merger Consideration in respect of such Certificate would otherwise escheat to or become the property of any Governmental Entity (as defined in Section 4.4)), any such cash in respect of such Certificate shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, become the property of the Surviving Corporation, free and clear of all claims or interest of any person previously entitled thereto.

(f) The Paying Agent shall invest any cash included in the Payment Fund in (i) direct obligations of the United States of America, (ii) obligations for which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged to provide for payment of all principal and interest, (iii) commercial paper obligations receiving the highest rating from either Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies, or (iv) money market funds investing solely in a combination of the foregoing, or a combination thereof, as directed by and for the benefit of the Surviving Corporation; provided , however , that no gain or loss thereon shall affect the amounts payable hereunder and the Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Payment Fund to include at all times cash necessary for payment of the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(iii) upon surrender of Certificates. Any interest and other income resulting from such investments shall be paid to and be the property of the Parent.

(g) If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Paying Agent shall pay to such holder the Merger Consideration required pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(iii), in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof with such assurances as the Parent, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the payment of the Merger Consideration, may require of the holder of such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate.

(h) The Parent, the Surviving Corporation and the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as any of them reasonably determines that it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any other applicable law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate taxing authority by the Parent, the Surviving Corporation or the Paying Agent, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the shares of Company Common Stock in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made by the Parent, the Surviving Corporation or the Paying Agent.

 

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ARTICLE IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

Except as set forth in the disclosure schedule delivered by the Company to the Parent on or before the date of this Agreement (the “Company Disclosure Schedule”) (it being agreed that disclosure of any item in any section of the Company Disclosure Schedule shall also be deemed disclosure with respect to any other section of this Agreement, but only to the extent that it is readily apparent from a reading of such disclosure that it also qualifies or applies to such other section to which such disclosure is relevant), or as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, or any report filed with the SEC by the Company pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of filing of such Form 10-K filed with the SEC on the SEC’s EDGAR system at least three business days prior to the date hereof (other than any information in the “Risk Factors” and “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of such Company SEC Documents, and other than any other forward-looking statements contained in such Company SEC Documents that are of a nature that they speculate about future developments) (the “Designated SEC Documents”), the Company hereby represents and warrants to the Parent and the Purchaser as follows:

4.1 Organization, Standing and Power . The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now being conducted, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction listed in Section 4.1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, which jurisdictions constitute the only jurisdictions in which the character of the properties it owns, operates or leases or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except for such failures to be so organized, qualified or in good standing that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Company Material Adverse Effect” means any change, event, circumstance, development or effect that, individually or in the aggregate with all other changes, events, circumstances, developments or effects occurring or existing prior to the determination of a Company Material Adverse Effect, has a material adverse effect on (i) the business, assets, liabilities, capitalization, condition (financial or other), or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (ii) the ability of the Company to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided , however , that none of the following shall be deemed either alone or in combination with any of the following to constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect: (A) any adverse effect that results from general economic, business, financial or market conditions (provided that such adverse effect does not affect the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in a disproportionate manner as compared to the Company’s industry peers); (B) any adverse effect that results from conditions in any of the industries or industry sectors in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries operates (provided that such adverse effect does not affect the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in a disproportionate manner as compared to the Company’s industry peers); (C) any adverse effect resulting from any act of terrorism, war, national or international calamity or any other similar event (provided that such adverse effect does not affect the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in a disproportionate manner as compared to the Company’s industry peers); (D) any adverse effect resulting from any change in any applicable United States or foreign, federal, state or local laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations or agency requirements of any Governmental Entity, or regulatory requirements (provided that such adverse effect does not affect the Company in a disproportionate manner as compared to the Company’s industry peers or as compared to the Parent); (E) any changes (after the date hereof) in GAAP; (F) any loss of customers, suppliers, vendors or employees or any cancellation of or delay in customer orders resulting from the announcement or pendency of this Agreement, the Offer or the Merger (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, any direct legal or contractual consequence of the Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby); (G) the failure of the Company to meet internal or analysts’ expectations or projections, in and of itself (it being understood that any cause of any such failure may be deemed to constitute, in and of itself, a Company Material Adverse Effect and may be taken into consideration when determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect has occurred); (H) any adverse effect resulting from any action taken by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with Parent’s prior written consent or the taking of any action

 

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expressly required by this Agreement (other than in the first sentence of Section 6.1); (I) a decline in the Company’s stock price, in and of itself (it being understood that any cause of any such decline may be deemed to constitute, in and of itself, a Company Material Adverse Effect and may be taken into consideration when determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect has occurred); and (J) the Company’s continuing to suffer operating losses in amounts not materially larger than the losses projected to be suffered by the Company in projections previously provided to Parent by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the terms “material”, “materially” or “materiality” as used in this Agreement with an initial lower case “m” shall have their respective customary and ordinary meanings, without regard to the meanings ascribed to Company Material Adverse Effect in the prior sentence of this paragraph. The Company has delivered to the Parent complete and accurate copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Company.

4.2 Capitalization .

(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 100,000,000 shares of Company Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share (“Company Preferred Stock”). The rights and privileges of each class of the Company’s capital stock are as set forth in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation. As of September 27, 2007, (i) 39,079,100 shares of Company Common Stock were issued and outstanding, (ii) no shares of Company Common Stock were held in the treasury of the Company or by Subsidiaries of the Company, and (iii) no shares of Company Preferred Stock were designated, issued or outstanding.

(b) The Company has made available to the Parent complete and accurate list of all issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock that constitute restricted stock or that are otherwise subject to a repurchase or redemption right or right of first refusal in favor of the Company, indicating the name of the applicable stockholder, the vesting schedule for any such shares, including the extent to which any such repurchase or redemption right or right of first refusal has lapsed as of the date of this Agreement, whether (and to what extent) the vesting will be accelerated in any way by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or by termination of employment or change in position following consummation of the Merger, and whether such holder has the sole power to vote and dispose of such shares.

(c) The Company has made available to the Parent complete and accurate information, as of the date of this Agreement, regarding all plans or other arrangements under which Company Stock Options (as defined below) were granted (collectively, the “Company Stock Plans”), indicating for each Company Stock Plan, as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of this Agreement, the number of shares of Company Common Stock issued to date under such Plan, the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to outstanding options under such Plan (such outstanding options, the “Company Stock Options”) and the number of shares of Company Common Stock reserved for future issuance under such Plan. The Company has made available to the Parent complete and accurate copies of all Company Stock Plans and the forms of all stock option agreements evidencing Company Stock Options.

(d) The Company has made available to the Parent complete and accurate information regarding the number of shares of Company Common Stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to warrants or other outstanding rights to purchase shares of Company Common Stock outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (other than Company Common Stock) (such outstanding warrants or other rights, the “Company Warrants”) and the agreement or other document under which such Company Warrants were granted and sets forth a complete and accurate list of all holders of Company Warrants indicating the number and type of shares of Company Common Stock subject to each Company Warrant, and the exercise price and the date of grant thereof. The Company has delivered to the Parent complete and accurate copies of the forms of agreements evidencing all Company Warrants.

(e) Except (x) as set forth in this Section 4.2 and (y) as reserved for future grants under Company Stock Plans, (i) there are no equity securities of any class of the Company, or any security exchangeable into or exercisable for such equity securities, issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding and (ii) there are no options, warrants, equity securities, calls, rights, commitments or agreements of any character to which the

 

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Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound obligating the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, exchange, transfer, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, exchanged, transferred, delivered or sold, additional shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company or any security or rights convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any such shares or other equity interests, or obligating the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to grant, extend, accelerate the vesting of, otherwise modify or amend or enter into any such option, warrant, equity security, call, right, commitment or agreement. The Company does not have any outstanding stock appreciation rights, phantom stock, performance based rights or similar rights or obligations. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its Affiliates, is a party to or is bound by any agreements or other enforceable arrangements with respect to the voting (including voting trusts and proxies) or sale or transfer (including agreements imposing transfer restrictions) of any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Affiliate” when used with respect to any party shall mean any person who is an “affiliate” of that party within the meaning of Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Except as contemplated by this Agreement, there are no registration rights, and there is no rights agreement, “poison pill” anti-takeover plan or other agreement or other enforceable arrangements to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or they are bound with respect to any equity security of any class of the Company.

(f) All outstanding shares of Company Common Stock are, and all shares of Company Common Stock subject to issuance as specified in Sections 4.2(c) and 4.2(d) above, upon issuance on the terms and conditions specified in the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable, will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to or issued in violation of any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under any provision of the DGCL, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws or any agreement to which the Company is a party or is otherwise bound.

(g) There are no obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of Company Common Stock or the capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to provide funds to or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any other entity, other than guarantees of bank obligations of Subsidiaries of the Company made available to the Parent by the Company.

(h) No consent of the holders of Company Stock Options or Company Warrants is required in connection with the actions contemplated by Sections 3.1(c) and 7.8.

4.3 Subsidiaries .

(a) The Company has made available to the Parent a complete and accurate list of each Subsidiary of the Company, including: (i) its name; (ii) the number and type of outstanding equity securities and a list of the holders thereof; and (iii) the jurisdiction of organization. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Subsidiary” means, with respect to any party, any corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company or other non-corporate business enterprise in which such party (or another Subsidiary of such party) holds stock or other ownership interests representing (A) more that 50% of the voting power of all outstanding stock or ownership interests of such entity or (B) the right to receive more than 50% of the net assets of such entity available for distribution to the holders of outstanding stock or ownership interests upon a liquidation or dissolution of such entity.

(b) Each Subsidiary of the Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now being conducted, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the character of its properties owned, operated or leased or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except for such failures to be so organized, qualified, in good standing

 

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or to have such power and authority that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock and other equity securities or interests of each Subsidiary of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive rights and all such shares (other than directors’ qualifying shares in the case of non-U.S. Subsidiaries, all of which the Company has the power to cause to be transferred for no or nominal consideration to the Company or the Company’s designee) are owned, of record and beneficially, by the Company or another of its Subsidiaries free and clear of all security interests, liens, claims, pledges, agreements, limitations in the Company’s voting rights, charges or other encumbrances of any nature. There are no outstanding or authorized options, warrants, rights, agreements or commitments to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or which are binding on any of them providing for the issuance, disposition or acquisition of any capital stock of any Subsidiary of the Company. There are no outstanding stock appreciation, phantom stock or similar rights with respect to any Subsidiary of the Company. There are no voting trusts, proxies or other agreements or understandings with respect to the voting of any capital stock of any Subsidiary of the Company.

(c) The Company has delivered to the Parent complete and accurate copies of the charter, by-laws or other organizational documents of each Subsidiary of the Company.

(d) Other than pursuant to the Company’s investment policy as in effect on the date of this Agreement (a copy of which has been made available to the Parent), the Company does not control directly or indirectly or have any direct or indirect equity participation or similar interest in any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other business association or entity which is not a Subsidiary of the Company. There are no obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of capital stock of any Subsidiary of the Company or to provide funds to or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in any Subsidiary of the Company or any other entity, other than guarantees of bank obligations of Subsidiaries of the Company entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (the “Ordinary Course of Business”).

4.4 Authority; No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents .

(a) The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement, perform its obligations hereunder and, subject only to the adoption of this Agreement and the approval of the Merger (the “Company Voting Proposal”) by the Company’s stockholders under the DGCL (the “Company Stockholder Approval”), to the extent required by applicable law, to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company Board, at a meeting duly called and held, by the unanimous vote of all directors (i) determined that the Merger, the Offer and this Agreement are fair to and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, (ii) approved the Merger, the Offer and this Agreement and declared the advisability of this Agreement, and (iii) directed that this Agreement be submitted to the stockholders of the Company for their adoption and resolved to recommend that the stockholders of the Company vote in favor of the adoption of this Agreement, to the extent required by applicable law. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by the Company have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company, subject only to the required receipt of the Company Stockholder Approval to the extent required by applicable law. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms.

(b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company do not, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall not, (i) conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws of the Company or of the charter, by-laws, or other organizational document of any Subsidiary of the Company, (ii) conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) a default (or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any material

 

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benefit) under, require a consent or waiver under, constitute a change in control under, require the payment of a penalty under or result in the imposition of any mortgage, security interest, pledge, lien, charge or encumbrance of any nature (“Liens”) on the Company’s or any of its Subsidiary’s assets under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease, license, contract or other agreement, instrument or obligation to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of them or any of their properties or assets may be bound, or (iii) subject to obtaining the Company Stockholder Approval (to the extent required by applicable law) and subject to the consents, approvals and authorizations specified in clauses (i) through (v) of Section 4.4(c) having been obtained prior to the Effective Time and all filings and notifications described in Section 4.4(c) having been made and the waiting period (and any extension thereof) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act having terminated or expired prior to Effective Time, conflict with or violate any permit, concession, franchise, license, judgment, injunction, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of its or their properties or assets, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) of this Section 4.4(b) for any such conflicts, violations, breaches, rights of termination, Liens, penalties, defaults, terminations, cancellations, accelerations or losses that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Section 4.4(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all consents, waivers and approvals under any of the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ agreements, licenses or leases required to be obtained in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the absence of which has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.

(c) No consent, approval, license, permit, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration, notice or filing with, any foreign or domestic court, arbitrational tribunal, administrative agency or commission or other governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency, commission or instrumentality or any stock market or stock exchange on which shares of Company Common Stock are listed for trading (a “Governmental Entity”) is required by or with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for (i) the pre-merger notification requirements under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “HSR Act”), (ii) the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and appropriate corresponding documents with the appropriate authorities of other states in which the Company is qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business, (iii) the filing of the Schedule TO, Offer Documents, Schedule 14D-9 and (if required by applicable law) the proxy or information statement (the “Proxy Statement”) with respect to the Company Stockholders Meeting (as defined below) with the SEC in accordance with the Exchange Act, (iv) the filing of such reports, schedules or materials under Section 13 of or Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act and materials under Rule 165 and Rule 425 under the Securities Act as may be required in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, (v) such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations, notices and filings as may be required under applicable state securities laws, the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market and the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and (vi) such other consents, licenses, permits, orders, authorizations, filings, approvals and registrations which, if not obtained or made, have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.

(d) To the extent stockholder approval is required by applicable law, the affirmative vote for adoption of the Company Voting Proposal by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock on the record date for the meeting of the Company’s stockholders to consider the Company Voting Proposal is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of the Company’s capital stock or other securities necessary for the adoption of this Agreement and for the consummation by the Company of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. There are no bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness of the Company having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which stockholders of the Company may vote.

 

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4.5 SEC Filings; Financial Statements; Information Provided .

(a) The Company has filed all registration statements, forms, reports, certifications and other documents required to be filed by the Company with the SEC since it became an SEC reporting company, and has made available to the Parent copies of all registration statements, forms, reports, certifications and other documents filed by the Company with the SEC since January 1, 2005, including all certifications and statements required by (i) Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Exchange Act or (ii) 18 U.S. C. §1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes Act”). All such registration statements, forms, reports, certifications and other documents (including those that the Company may file after the date hereof until the Closing) are referred to herein as the “Company SEC Documents.” The Company has made available to the Parent copies of all comment letters received by the Company from the staff of the SEC since January 1, 2005 and all responses to such comment letters by or on behalf of the Company. The Company SEC Documents (x) were or will be filed on a timely basis, (y) at the time filed (or as of the date of the last amendment thereof, if any such Company SEC Document filed prior to the date hereof was amended after the filing and prior to the date hereof), were or will be prepared in compliance in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder applicable to such Company SEC Documents, and (z) did not or will not at the time they were or are filed (or as of the date of the last amendment thereof, if any such Company SEC Document filed prior to the date hereof was amended after the filing and prior to the date hereof) contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such Company SEC Documents or necessary in order to make the statements in such Company SEC Documents, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No Subsidiary of the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. As used in this Section 3.5, the term “file” shall be broadly construed to include any manner in which a document or information is furnished, supplied or otherwise made available to the SEC.

(b) Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each case, any related notes and schedules) contained or to be contained in the Company SEC Documents at the time filed (i) complied or will comply as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto (including, without limitation, Regulation S-X), (ii) were or will be prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved and at the dates involved (except as may be indicated in the notes to such financial statements or, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by the SEC on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act), and (iii) fairly presented or will fairly present the consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods indicated, consistent with the books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries, except that the unaudited interim financial statements were or are subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments which were not or will not be material in amount or effect. The consolidated, unaudited balance sheet of the Company as of June 30, 2007 is referred to herein as the “Company Balance Sheet.”

(c) To the knowledge of the Company, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company’s current auditors, is and has been at all times since its engagement by the Company (x) “independent” with respect to the Company within the meaning of Regulation S-X and (y) in compliance with subsections (g) through (l) of Section 10A of the Exchange Act (to the extent applicable) and the related rules of the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

(d) The information to be supplied by or on behalf of the Company for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Schedule TO or the Offer Documents, on the date the Schedule TO is filed with the SEC and on the date the Offer Documents are first published, sent or given to stockholders of the Company, shall comply in all material respects with the provisions of applicable securities laws and shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading. The Proxy Statement (if required) to be sent to the stockholders of the Company in connection with the Company Stockholders Meeting, on the date

 

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the Proxy Statement is first published, sent or given to stockholders of the Company and at the time of the Company Stockholders Meeting, shall comply in all material respects with the provisions of applicable securities laws and shall not contain any statement which, at such time and in light of the circumstances under which it shall be made, is false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made in the Proxy Statement not false or misleading; or omit to state any material fact necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect to the solicitation of proxies for the Company Stockholders Meeting which has become false or misleading; provided that no representation or warranty is made pursuant to this Section 4.4(c) with respect to any written information provided by or on behalf of the Parent or the Purchaser for inclusion in the Proxy Statement.

4.6 No Undisclosed Liabilities . Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligations or liabilities (whether or not accrued, contingent or otherwise, and whether or not required to be reflected in financial statements in accordance with GAAP), except for: (i) liabilities disclosed in the financial statements contained in the Designated SEC Documents; (ii) liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of the Company Balance Sheet; (iii) liabilities resulting from the Company’s compliance with clauses (a) through (y) of Section 6.1; (iv) investment banking, accounting and legal fees incurred by the Company in connection with the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement; and (v) liabilities that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.

4.7 Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since the date of the Company Balance Sheet, the Company and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses only in the Ordinary Course of Business and, since such date and up to and including the date of this Agreement, there has not been (i) any change, event, circumstance, development or effect that has had, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect; or (ii) any other action or event that would have required the consent of the Parent pursuant to Section 6.1 of this Agreement had such action or event occurred after the date of this Agreement.

4.8 Taxes .

(a) Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has properly filed on a timely basis all Tax Returns that it was required to file, except where the failure to properly file on a timely basis has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect, and all such Tax Returns were true, correct and complete except where the failure of such Tax Returns to be true, correct and complete has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has paid on a timely basis all Taxes that were due and payable, except where failure to so pay on a timely basis has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary (i) has any actual or potential material liability under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 (or any comparable or similar provision of federal, state, local or foreign law), as a transferee or successor, pursuant to any contractual obligation, or otherwise for any Taxes of any person other than the Company or any Subsidiary, or (ii) is a party to or bound by any material Tax indemnity, Tax sharing, Tax allocation or similar agreement (other than such an agreement exclusively between or among the Company and its Subsidiaries), limited in each case to Taxes imposed on net or gross income. To the Company’s knowledge, all Taxes that the Company or any Subsidiary was required by law to withhold or collect have been duly withheld or collected and, to the extent required, have been properly paid to the appropriate Governmental Entity.

(b) The Company has delivered or made available to the Parent (i) complete and correct copies of all Tax Returns of the Company and any Subsidiary relating to Taxes for all taxable periods for which the applicable statute of limitations has not yet expired, and (ii) complete and correct copies of all private letter rulings, revenue agent reports, information document requests, notices of proposed deficiencies, deficiency notices, protests, petitions, closing agreements, settlement agreements, pending ruling requests and any similar documents submitted by, received by, or agreed to by or on behalf of the Company or any

 

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Subsidiary relating to Taxes for all taxable periods for which the statute of limitations has not yet expired. To the Company’s knowledge, no examination or audit of any Tax Return of the Company or any Subsidiary by any Governmental Entity is currently in progress. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has waived any statute of limitations with respect to Taxes or agreed to extend the period for assessment or collection of any Taxes which waiver or agreement is still in effect.

(c) Except for liens and other encumbrances that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect, there are no liens or other encumbrances with respect to Taxes upon any of the assets or properties of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than with respect to Taxes not yet due and payable or being contested in good faith.

(d) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has made any payment, is obligated to make any payment, or is a party to any agreement that could obligate it to make any payment that may be treated as an “excess parachute payment” under Section 280G of the Code (without regard to Section 280G(b)(4) of the Code).

(e) There is no limitation on the utilization by either the Company or any Subsidiary of its net operating losses, built-in losses, Tax credits, or similar items under Sections 382, 383, or 384 of the Code or comparable provisions of foreign state or local law (other than any such limitation arising as a result of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement).

(f) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has distributed to its shareholders or security holders stock or securities of a controlled corporation, nor has stock or securities of the Company or any Subsidiary been distributed, in a transaction to which Section 355 of the Code applies (i) in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement or (ii) in a distribution that could otherwise constitute part of a “plan” or “series of related transactions” (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) that includes the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(g) As used in this Agreement:

(i) “Taxes” shall mean any and all taxes, charges, fees, levies or other similar assessments or liabilities in the nature of a tax, including, without limitation, income, gross receipts, ad valorem, premium, value-added, net worth, capital stock, capital gains, documentary, recapture, alternative or add-on minimum, disability, estimated, registration, recording, excise, real property, personal property, sales, use, license, lease, service, service use, transfer, withholding, employment, unemployment, insurance, social security, business license, business organization, environmental, workers compensation, payroll, profits, severance, stamp, occupation, windfall profits, customs, duties, franchise and other taxes of any kind whatsoever imposed by the United States of America or any state, local or foreign government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof, and any interest, fines, penalties, assessments or additions to tax imposed with respect to such items or any contest or dispute thereof, and

(ii) “Tax Returns” shall mean any and all reports, returns, or declarations relating to Taxes filed or required to be filed with any taxing authority, including any schedule or attachment thereto, including any amendment thereof.

4.9 Owned and Leased Real Properties .

(a) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries owns or has ever owned any real property.

(b) The Company has made available to the Parent a complete and accurate list of all real property leased, subleased or licensed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively “Company Leases”) and the location of the premises. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party to any Company Lease, is in default under any of the Company Leases, and except where the existence of such defaults, individually or in the aggregate, has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company Leases is in full force and effect and is enforceable in accordance with its terms and shall not cease to be in full force

 

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and effect as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for any failures to be in full force and effect that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries leases, subleases or licenses any material real property to any person other than the Company and its Subsidiaries. The Company has provided the Parent with complete and accurate copies of all Company Leases.

4.10 Intellectual Property .

(a) The Company and its Subsidiaries own, license, sublicense or otherwise possess legally enforceable rights to use all material Intellectual Property necessary to conduct the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as currently conducted (in each case excluding generally commercially available, off-the-shelf software programs). For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Intellectual Property” means all proprietary rights of every kind and nature throughout the world owned or used by the Company or any Subsidiary in the operation of the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries as it is currently conducted and as it is currently planned to be conducted, including, without limitation, all rights and interests pertaining to or deriving from (i) patents, patent rights, patent applications (including all provisionals, reissues, reexaminations, revisions, divisionals, continuations, continuing applications, continuations-in-part and extensions of any patent or patent application), inventions, discoveries, improvements, innovations, industrial designs, and all applications for registration of the foregoing; (ii) copyrights, registrations and applications for copyrights, works, derivative works, software (including, without limitation, all executables, libraries, controls and source code), software documentation, database rights, mask works, domain names, domain name registrations, web sites, web pages, moral rights, rights of privacy and publicity, and all applications for registration of the foregoing; (iii) trade secrets, know-how, processes, methods, data, formula, and information (including, without limitation, ideas, research and development, formulas, compositions and techniques, data, designs, drawings, specifications, customer and supplier lists, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans and proposals, documentation and manuals) (collectively, “Trade Secrets”); and (iv) trademarks, service marks, trade names, logos, designs, brand names, trade dress, and slogans (including, without limitation, the name of the Company and each Subsidiary and any fictitious names used by the Company or any Subsidiary) and all goodwill associated with any of the foregoing, and all applications for registration of the foregoing.

(b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the Merger will not result in the breach of, or create on behalf of any third party the right to terminate or modify, (i) any license, sublicense or other agreement relating to any Intellectual Property owned by the Company that is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as currently conducted (the “Company Intellectual Property”), or (ii) any license, sublicense and other agreement as to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party and pursuant to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is authorized to use any third party Intellectual Property that is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as currently conducted, excluding generally commercially available, off-the-shelf software programs.

(c) All patents, patent applications, trademark and service mark applications and registrations for trademarks, service marks, copyrights and other forms of Intellectual Property included in the Company Intelle


 
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