|
Exhibit 2.1
Execution Copy
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
by and among
FOUNDATION HOLDINGS, INC.,
FOUNDATION MERGER SUB, INC.
and
CERIDIAN CORPORATION
Dated as of May 30, 2007
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| Table of Contents |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Page |
| ARTICLE
I |
|
THE MERGER |
|
1 |
|
Section 1.1 |
|
|
|
The
Merger |
|
1 |
|
Section 1.2 |
|
|
|
Closing |
|
2 |
|
Section 1.3 |
|
|
|
Effective
Time |
|
2 |
|
Section 1.4 |
|
|
|
Effects of
the Merger |
|
2 |
|
Section 1.5 |
|
|
|
Certificate
of Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Corporation |
|
2 |
|
Section 1.6 |
|
|
|
Directors |
|
2 |
|
Section 1.7 |
|
|
|
Officers |
|
3 |
| ARTICLE
II |
|
CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES |
|
3 |
|
Section 2.1 |
|
|
|
Effect on
Capital Stock |
|
3 |
|
Section 2.2 |
|
|
|
Exchange of
Certificates |
|
4 |
| ARTICLE
III |
|
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY |
|
6 |
|
Section 3.1 |
|
|
|
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc. |
|
6 |
|
Section 3.2 |
|
|
|
Capital
Stock |
|
7 |
|
Section 3.3 |
|
|
|
Corporate
Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation |
|
9 |
|
Section 3.4 |
|
|
|
Reports and
Financial Statements |
|
10 |
|
Section 3.5 |
|
|
|
Internal
Controls and Procedures |
|
11 |
|
Section 3.6 |
|
|
|
No
Undisclosed Liabilities |
|
11 |
|
Section 3.7 |
|
|
|
Compliance
with Law; Permits |
|
12 |
|
Section 3.8 |
|
|
|
Environmental Laws and Regulations |
|
12 |
|
Section 3.9 |
|
|
|
Employee
Benefit Plans |
|
13 |
|
Section 3.10 |
|
Absence of
Certain Changes or Events |
|
15 |
|
Section 3.11 |
|
Investigations; Litigation |
|
15 |
|
Section 3.12 |
|
Proxy
Statement; Other Information |
|
16 |
|
Section 3.13 |
|
Rights
Plan |
|
16 |
|
Section 3.14 |
|
Tax
Matters |
|
16 |
|
Section 3.15 |
|
Labor
Matters |
|
17 |
|
Section 3.16 |
|
Intellectual
Property |
|
18 |
|
Section 3.17 |
|
Opinion of
Financial Advisor |
|
18 |
-i-
|
Section 3.18 |
|
Required
Vote of the Company Shareholders |
|
18 |
|
Section 3.19 |
|
Material
Contracts |
|
19 |
|
Section 3.20 |
|
Insurance |
|
20 |
|
Section 3.21 |
|
Finders or
Brokers |
|
20 |
| ARTICLE
IV |
|
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND |
|
|
| |
|
MERGER SUB |
|
20 |
|
Section 4.1 |
|
Qualification; Organization, Subsidiaries, etc |
|
20 |
|
Section 4.2 |
|
Corporate
Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation |
|
21 |
|
Section 4.3 |
|
Investigations; Litigation |
|
22 |
|
Section 4.4 |
|
Proxy
Statement; Other Information |
|
22 |
|
Section 4.5 |
|
Financing |
|
22 |
|
Section 4.6 |
|
Capitalization of Merger Sub |
|
23 |
|
Section 4.7 |
|
No Vote of
Parent Shareholders |
|
23 |
|
Section 4.8 |
|
Finders or
Brokers |
|
23 |
|
Section 4.9 |
|
Lack of
Ownership of Company Common Stock |
|
23 |
|
Section 4.10 |
|
No
Additional Representations |
|
23 |
|
Section 4.11 |
|
Solvency |
|
24 |
|
Section 4.12 |
|
Absence of
Arrangements with Management |
|
24 |
| ARTICLE
V |
|
COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS |
|
25 |
|
Section 5.1 |
|
Conduct of
Business by the Company and Parent |
|
25 |
|
Section 5.2 |
|
Investigation |
|
28 |
|
Section 5.3 |
|
No
Solicitation |
|
29 |
|
Section 5.4 |
|
Proxy
Statement; Company Meeting |
|
32 |
|
Section 5.5 |
|
Stock
Options and Other Stock-Based Awards; Employee |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Matters |
|
32 |
|
Section 5.6 |
|
Reasonable
Best Efforts |
|
34 |
|
Section 5.7 |
|
Takeover
Statute |
|
37 |
|
Section 5.8 |
|
Public
Announcements |
|
37 |
|
Section 5.9 |
|
Indemnification and Insurance |
|
37 |
|
Section 5.10 |
|
Control of
Operations |
|
39 |
|
Section 5.11 |
|
Financing |
|
39 |
|
Section 5.12 |
|
Notification
of Certain Matters |
|
41 |
|
Section 5.13 |
|
Securityholder Litigation |
|
41 |
-ii-
|
Section 5.14 |
|
Rule
16b-3 |
|
41 |
| ARTICLE
VI |
|
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER |
|
41 |
|
Section 6.1 |
|
|
|
Conditions
to Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the Merger |
|
41 |
|
Section 6.2 |
|
|
|
Conditions
to Obligation of the Company to Effect the Merger |
|
42 |
|
Section 6.3 |
|
|
|
Conditions
to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to Effect |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
the
Merger |
|
42 |
|
Section 6.4 |
|
|
|
Frustration
of Closing Conditions |
|
43 |
| ARTICLE
VII |
|
TERMINATION |
|
43 |
|
Section 7.1 |
|
|
|
Termination
or Abandonment |
|
43 |
|
Section 7.2 |
|
|
|
Termination
Fees |
|
45 |
| ARTICLE
VIII |
|
MISCELLANEOUS |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.1 |
|
|
|
No Survival
of Representations and Warranties |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.2 |
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.3 |
|
|
|
Counterparts; Effectiveness |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.4 |
|
|
|
Governing
Law |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.5 |
|
|
|
Jurisdiction; Enforcement |
|
48 |
|
Section 8.6 |
|
|
|
WAIVER OF
JURY TRIAL |
|
49 |
|
Section 8.7 |
|
|
|
Notices |
|
49 |
|
Section 8.8 |
|
|
|
Assignment;
Binding Effect |
|
50 |
|
Section 8.9 |
|
|
|
Severability |
|
50 |
|
Section 8.10 |
|
Entire
Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries |
|
51 |
|
Section 8.11 |
|
Amendments;
Waivers |
|
51 |
|
Section 8.12 |
|
Headings |
|
51 |
|
Section 8.13 |
|
Interpretation |
|
51 |
|
Section 8.14 |
|
Definitions |
|
52 |
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A – Certificate of
Incorporation
Exhibit B – By-Laws
-iii-
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of May 30, 2007 (the
“ Agreement
”), among Foundation Holdings, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), Foundation
Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned
subsidiary of Parent (“ Merger
Sub ”), and Ceridian
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “
Company ”).
W I T N E S S E T
H :
WHEREAS, the parties intend that Merger Sub be merged with
and into the Company (the “ Merger ”), with the
Company surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of
Parent.
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has
unanimously (i) determined that it is in the best interests of the
Company and its shareholders, and declared it advisable, to enter
into this Agreement, (ii) approved the execution, delivery and
performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, and (iii)
resolved to recommend adoption of this Agreement by the
shareholders of the Company.
WHEREAS, the Boards of Directors of Parent and Merger Sub
have approved this Agreement and declared it advisable for Parent
and Merger Sub, respectively, to enter into this
Agreement.
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company desire to make
certain representations, warranties, covenants and agreements
specified herein in connection with this Agreement.
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement,
Parent and Merger Sub have delivered to the Company the Limited
Guarantee of each of the Fidelity National Financial, Inc. and
Thomas H. Lee Equity Fund VI, L.P. pursuant to which they agree to
guarantee the obligations of Parent and Merger Sub under Section
7.2(c), subject to the terms and conditions in the Limited
Guarantees.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained
herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent, Merger
Sub and the Company agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
Section 1.1
The Merger . On
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), at the
Effective Time (as hereinafter defined), Merger Sub will merge with
and into the Company, the separate corporate existence of Merger
Sub will cease and the Company will continue its corporate
existence under Delaware law as the surviving corporation in the
Merger (the “ Surviving
Corporation ”).
Section 1.2
Closing . The
closing of the Merger (the “ Closing ”) shall take
place at the offices of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, 51 West
52 nd Street, New York, New York at 10:00 a.m., local time, on a
date to be specified by the parties (the “
Closing Date ”) which shall be no later than the fifth business
day after the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted by
applicable Law (as hereinafter defined)) of the conditions set
forth in Article VI (other than those conditions that by their
nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the
satisfaction or waiver of such conditions), or at such other place,
date and time as the Company and Parent may agree in
writing; provided
, however , that
notwithstanding the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set
forth in Article VI hereof, Parent shall not be required to effect
the Closing until the earliest of (a) a date during the Marketing
Period specified by Parent on no less than three (3) business
days’ written notice to the Company, (b) the third business
day following the final day of the Marketing Period and (c) the End
Date (as it may be extended). For the avoidance of doubt, subject
to the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted by
applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in Article VI (other
than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at
the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such
conditions), Parent may elect upon not less than two (2) business
days’ written notice to the Company to cause the Closing to
occur earlier than the date determined by the proviso in the
immediately preceding sentence.
Section 1.3
Effective Time . Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, at the
Closing, the Company will cause a certificate of merger (the
“ Certificate of
Merger ”) to be executed,
acknowledged and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware in accordance with Section 251 of the DGCL. The Merger
will become effective at such time as the Certificate of Merger has
been duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware or at such later date or time as may be agreed by the
Company and Merger Sub in writing and specified in the Certificate
of Merger in accordance with the DGCL (the effective time of the
Merger being hereinafter referred to as the “
Effective Time ”).
Section 1.4
Effects of the Merger . The Merger shall have the effects set forth in this
Agreement and the applicable provisions of the DGCL. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, from
and after the Effective Time, all property, rights, privileges,
immunities, powers, franchises, licenses and authority of the
Company and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and
all debts, liabilities, obligations, restrictions and duties of
each of the Company and Merger Sub shall become the debts,
liabilities, obligations, restrictions and duties of the Surviving
Corporation.
Section 1.5
Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of
the Surviving Corporation . Subject
to Section 5.9, at the Effective Time, (a) the Certificate of
Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation shall be amended to read
in its entirety as the form of Certificate of Incorporation
attached hereto as Exhibit
A , and (b) the bylaws of the
Surviving Corporation shall be amended so as to read in their
entirety as the bylaws of the Company as in effect immediately
prior to the Effective Time, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit B ,
until thereafter amended in accordance with applicable
Law.
Section
1.6 Directors . Subject to
applicable Law, the directors of Merger Sub as of the Effective Time shall be the initial directors of
the Surviving Corporation and shall hold
-2-
office until their respective
successors are duly elected and qualified, or their earlier death,
resignation or removal.
Section 1.7
Officers . The
officers of the Company as of the Effective Time shall be the
initial officers of the Surviving Corporation and shall hold office
until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified,
or their earlier death, resignation or removal.
ARTICLE II
CONVERSION OF SHARES;
EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
Section 2.1
Effect on Capital Stock
. At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger
and without any action on the part of the Company, Merger Sub or
the holders of any securities of the Company or Merger
Sub:
(a) Conversion of Company Common Stock . Each share of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of
the Company outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
(such shares, collectively, “ Company Common Stock ,”
and each, a “ Share
”), other than (i) Shares to be cancelled
pursuant to Section 2.1(b) and (ii) Dissenting Shares (as
hereinafter defined), shall be converted automatically into and
shall thereafter represent the right to receive $36.00 in cash (the
“ Merger
Consideration ”). All Shares
that have been converted into the right to receive the Merger
Consideration as provided in this Section 2.1 shall be
automatically cancelled and shall cease to exist, and the holders
of certificates which immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented such Shares shall cease to have any rights with respect
to such Shares other than the right to receive the Merger
Consideration.
(b) Cancellation of Company Common Stock . Each Share that is owned, directly or indirectly, by
Parent or Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time or
held in the Company’s treasury immediately prior to the
Effective Time (in each case, other than any such Shares held on
behalf of third parties) (the “ Cancelled Shares ”)
shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no
consideration shall be delivered in exchange for such cancellation
and retirement.
(c) Conversion of Merger Sub Common Stock
. Each share of common stock, par value $.01 per
share, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to
the Effective Time shall be converted into and become one validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock, par
value $.01 per share, of the Surviving Corporation with the same
rights, powers and privileges as the shares so converted and shall
constitute the only outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Surviving Corporation. From and after the Effective Time, all
certificates representing the common stock of Merger Sub shall be
deemed for all purposes to represent the number of shares of common
stock of the Surviving Corporation into which they were converted
in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(d) Dissenters’ Rights .
Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, if
required by the DGCL (but only to the extent required thereby),
Shares that are issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time (other than Cancelled Shares)
-3-
and that are held by holders of
such Shares who have not voted in favor of the adoption of this
Agreement or consented thereto in writing and who have properly
exercised appraisal rights with respect thereto in accordance with,
and who have complied with, Section 262 of the DGCL (the
“ Dissenting Shares
”) will not be converted into the right to
receive the Merger Consideration, and holders of such Dissenting
Shares will be entitled to receive payment of the fair value of
such Dissenting Shares in accordance with the provisions of such
Section 262 unless and until any such holder fails to perfect or
effectively waives, withdraws or loses its rights to appraisal and
payment under the DGCL. If, after the Effective Time, any such
holder fails to perfect or effectively waives, withdraws or loses
such right, such Dissenting Shares will thereupon be treated as if
they had been converted into and have become exchangeable for, at
the Effective Time, the right to receive the Merger Consideration,
without any interest thereon, and the Surviving Corporation shall
remain liable for payment of the Merger Consideration for such
Shares. At the Effective Time, any holder of Dissenting Shares
shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the
rights provided in Section 262 of the DGCL and as provided in the
previous sentence. The Company will give Parent (i) notice of any
demands received by the Company for appraisals of Shares and (ii)
the opportunity to participate in and direct all negotiations and
proceedings with respect to such notices and demands. The Company
shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent, make
any payment with respect to any demands for appraisal or settle any
such demands.
(e) Adjustments . If at any time
during the period between the date of this Agreement and the
Effective Time, any change in the outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company shall occur as a result of any
reclassification, recapitalization, stock split (including a
reverse stock split) or combination, exchange or readjustment of
shares, or any stock dividend or stock distribution is declared
with a record date during such period, the Merger Consideration
shall be equitably adjusted to reflect such change.
Section
2.2 Exchange of Certificates .
(a) Paying Agent . At or prior to
the Effective Time, Parent shall deposit, or shall cause to be
deposited (including by requesting the Company to deposit
unrestricted cash at Closing substantially as contemplated by
Parent’s financing plan previously provided to the Company,
which the Company hereby agrees to do to the extent legally
permitted), with a U.S. bank or trust company that shall be
appointed by Parent to act as a paying agent hereunder and approved
in advance by the Company in writing, such approval not be
unreasonably withheld (and pursuant to an agreement in form and
substance reasonably acceptable to Parent and the Company) (the
“ Paying Agent
”), in trust for the benefit of holders of
the Shares, the Company Stock Options (as hereinafter defined) and
the Company Stock-Based Awards (as hereinafter defined), cash in
U.S. dollars sufficient to pay (i) the aggregate Merger
Consideration in exchange for all of the Shares outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the Cancelled
Shares), payable upon due surrender of the certificates that
immediately prior to the Effective Time represented Shares
(“ Certificates
”) (or effective affidavits of loss in
lieu thereof) or non-certificated Shares represented by book-entry
(“ Book-Entry Shares
”) pursuant to the provisions of this
Article II, and (ii) the Option and Stock-Based Consideration (as
hereinafter defined) payable pursuant to Section 5.5 (such cash
referred to in subsections (a)(i) and (a)(ii) being hereinafter
referred to as the “ Exchange
Fund ”).
-4-
(b)
Payment Procedures .
(i)
As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time and in
any event not later than the second business day following the
Effective Time (or, in the case of clause (y) below, not later than
the date the first payroll checks are paid to employees of the
Surviving Corporation following the Effective Time), (x) the Paying
Agent shall mail to each holder of record of Shares whose Shares
were converted into the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section
2.1, (A) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery
shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to Certificates shall
pass, only upon delivery of Certificates (or effective affidavits
of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares to the Paying Agent
and shall be in such form and have such other customary provisions
as Parent and the Company may mutually agree), and (B) instructions
for use in effecting the surrender of Certificates (or effective
affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares in
exchange for the Merger Consideration and (y) the Paying Agent or
the Surviving Corporation shall pay to each holder of a Company
Stock Option or a Company Stock-Based Award the amount due and
payable to such holder pursuant to Section 5.5 hereof in respect of
such Company Stock Option or Company Stock-Based Award.
(ii) Upon
surrender of Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu
thereof) or Book-Entry Shares to the Paying Agent together with
such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in
accordance with the instructions thereto, and such other documents
as may reasonably be required by the Paying Agent, the holder of
such Certificates or Book-Entry Shares shall be entitled to receive
in exchange therefor a check in an amount equal to the product of
(x) the number of Shares represented by such holder’s
properly surrendered Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss
in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares multiplied by (y) the Merger
Consideration. No interest will be paid or accrued on any amount
payable upon due surrender of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares. In
the event of a transfer of ownership of Shares that is not
registered in the transfer records of the Company, a check for any
cash to be paid upon due surrender of the Certificate may be paid
to such a transferee if the Certificate formerly representing such
Shares is presented to the Paying Agent, accompanied by all
documents required to evidence and effect such transfer and to
evidence that any applicable stock transfer Taxes (as hereinafter
defined) have been paid or are not applicable.
(iii) The
Paying Agent shall, at the Surviving Corporation’s request,
deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable under
this Agreement to any holder of Shares or holder of Company Stock
Options or Company Stock-Based Awards, such amounts as are required
to be withheld or deducted under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
(the “ Code
”) or any provision of U.S. state or local
Tax Law with respect to the making of such payment, and pay such
amounts to the Surviving Corporation for payment over to the
applicable Governmental Entity (as hereinafter defined). To the
extent that amounts are so withheld or deducted and paid over to
the applicable Governmental Entity, such withheld or deducted
amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as
having been paid to the holder of the Shares or holder of the
Company Stock Options or Company Stock-Based Awards, in respect of
which such deduction and withholding were made.
(c) Closing of Transfer Books .
At the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company
shall be closed, and there shall be no further registration of
transfers on the stock transfer books of the Surviving Corporation
of the Shares that were outstanding
-5-
immediately prior to the
Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates are
presented to the Surviving Corporation or Parent for transfer, they
shall be cancelled and exchanged for a check in the proper amount
pursuant to this Article II.
(d) Termination of Exchange Fund . Any portion of the Exchange Fund (including the proceeds
of any investments thereof) that remains undistributed to the
former holders of Shares one year after the Effective Time shall be
delivered to the Surviving Corporation upon demand, and any former
holders of Shares who have not surrendered their Shares in
accordance with this Section 2.2 shall thereafter look only to the
Surviving Corporation for payment of their claim for the Merger
Consideration, without any interest thereon, upon due surrender of
their shares.
(e) No Liability .
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, none of the
Company, Parent, Merger Sub, the Surviving Corporation, the Paying
Agent or any other person shall be liable to any former holder of
Shares for any amount properly delivered to a public official
pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar
Law.
(f)
Investment of Exchange Fund
. The Paying Agent shall invest all cash
included in the Exchange Fund as reasonably directed by
Parent; provided
, however , that any investment
of such cash shall be limited to (i) securities issued or directly
and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government or
any agency or instrumentality thereof and having maturities of not
more than one month from the date of investment or (ii) money
market mutual or similar funds having assets in excess of
$1,000,000,000. Any interest and other income resulting from such
investments shall be paid to the Surviving Corporation upon
demand.
(g) Lost Certificates . In the
case of any Certificate that has been lost, stolen or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming
such Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required
by the Paying Agent, the posting by such person of a bond in
customary amount as indemnity against any claim that may be made
against it with respect to such Certificate, the Paying Agent will
issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate a
check in the amount of the number of Shares represented by such
lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate multiplied by the Merger
Consideration.
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except as disclosed in the Company SEC Documents (as
hereinafter defined) filed prior to the date hereof, to the extent
the relevance of the disclosure is readily apparent and excluding
any disclosures included in any such SEC Document that are
predictive or cautionary in nature, or in the disclosure schedule
delivered by the Company to Parent immediately prior to the
execution of this Agreement (the “ Company Disclosure Schedule ”), the Company represents and warrants to Parent and
Merger Sub as follows:
Section 3.1
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries,
etc . Each of the Company and its
Subsidiaries is a legal entity duly organized, validly existing and
in good standing under the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of
organization and has all requisite
-6-
corporate or similar power and
authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and
to carry on its business as presently conducted and is qualified to
do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in
each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or operation of its
assets or properties or conduct of its business requires such
qualification, except where the failure to be so organized, validly
existing, qualified or in good standing, or to have such power or
authority, would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect. As used in this Agreement, any
reference to any facts, circumstances, events or changes having a
“ Company Material Adverse
Effect ” means such facts,
circumstances, events or changes that are or are reasonably likely
to be materially adverse to (A) the business, financial condition,
assets, liabilities or continuing operations of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, but shall not include (a) facts,
circumstances, events or changes resulting from (i) changes in
general economic or political conditions or the securities, credit
or financial markets in general, (ii) general changes or
developments in the industries in which the Company and its
Subsidiaries operate, including general changes in law or
regulation across such industries, (iii) the announcement of this
Agreement, (iv) the identity of Parent or any of its affiliates as
the acquiror of the Company, (v) the taking of any action required
by this Agreement, (vi) any acts of terrorism or war, (vii) changes
in generally accepted accounting principles or the interpretation
thereof, or (viii) any litigation arising from allegations of a
breach of fiduciary duty or other violation of applicable Law
relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby,
except, in the case of the foregoing clauses (i), (ii), (vi) and
(vii), to the extent such changes or developments referred to
therein have a materially disproportionate impact on the Company
and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relative to other companies
in the industries and in the geographic markets in which the
Company conducts its businesses after taking into account the size
of the Company relative to such other companies, or (b) any decline
in the stock price of the Company Common Stock on the New York
Stock Exchange (provided that the underlying causes of such decline
may, to the extent applicable, be considered in determining whether
there is a Company Material Adverse Effect) or (B) the
Company’s ability to perform its obligations under this
Agreement or consummate the Merger prior to the End Date. For the
avoidance of doubt, the Company’s failure to meet internal or
published projections, forecasts or revenue or earnings predictions
for any period shall not in and of itself constitute a Company
Material Adverse Effect, but the underlying causes of such failure
shall, to the extent applicable, be considered in determining
whether there is a Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company has
made available to Parent prior to the date of this Agreement a true
and complete copy of the Company’s amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and by-laws, each as amended through
the date hereof.
Section
3.2 Capital Stock .
(a) The authorized capital
stock of the Company consists of 500,000,000 shares of Company
Common Stock and 750,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01
per share (“ Company Preferred
Stock ”), of which 50,000
shares are designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock. As of May 24, 2007, (i) 143,565,452 shares of Company Common
Stock were issued and outstanding, (ii) 8,012,194 shares of Company
Common Stock were held in treasury (including 35,370 shares of
Company Common Stock reserved to be distributed in connection with
the Company Deferred Compensation Plan), (iii) 10,258,070 shares of
Company Common Stock were reserved for issuance under the employee
and director stock plans of the Company (the “
Company Stock Plans ”) and (iv) no shares of Company
-7-
Preferred Stock were issued and
outstanding. All outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, and
all shares of Company Common Stock reserved for issuance as noted
in clause (iii), when issued in accordance with the respective
terms thereof, are or will be duly authorized, validly issued,
fully paid and non-assessable and free of pre-emptive
rights.
(b) Except as set forth in
subsection (a) above, the Company does not have any shares of its
capital stock issued or outstanding other than shares of Company
Common Stock that have become outstanding after May 24, 2007, which
were reserved for issuance as of May 24, 2007 as set forth in
subsection (a) above pursuant to Company Stock Options and Company
Stock-Based Awards (each as hereinafter defined) granted as of May
24, 2007. Included in Section 3.2(b) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule is a correct and complete list, as of May 24, 2007, of all
outstanding options or other rights to purchase or receive shares
of Company Common Stock and Stock Awards granted under the Company
Stock Plans or otherwise, and, for each such option or other right,
the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject thereto, the
exercise price thereof and the name of the holder thereof. Except
as disclosed in Section 3.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls,
convertible securities or other similar rights, agreements or
commitments relating to the issuance of capital stock to which the
Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries is a party
obligating the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries
to (i) issue, transfer or sell any shares of capital stock or other
equity interests of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares or
equity interests, (ii) grant, extend or enter into any such
subscription, option, warrant, call, convertible securities or
other similar right, agreement or arrangement, (iii) redeem or
otherwise acquire any such shares of capital stock or other equity
interests, or (iv) provide a material amount of funds to, or make
any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital
contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary. Except for the
issuance of shares of Company Common Stock that were reserved for
issuance pursuant to Company Stock Options or Company Stock-Based
Awards granted as of May 24, 2007 or otherwise set forth in Section
3.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, from May 24, 2007 to the
date hereof, the Company has not issued, sold, repurchased,
redeemed or otherwise acquired any Company Common Stock, and its
Board of Directors have not authorized any of the foregoing. From
December 31, 2006 to the date hereof, the Company has not declared
or paid any dividend or distribution in respect of the Company
Common Stock.
(c) Except for awards to
acquire or receive shares of Company Common Stock under any equity
incentive plan of the Company and its Subsidiaries, neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has outstanding bonds,
debentures, notes or other obligations, the holders of which have
the right to vote (or which are convertible into or exercisable for
securities having the right to vote) with the shareholders of the
Company on any matter.
(d) There are no voting
trusts or other agreements or understandings to which the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect to the voting of
the capital stock or other equity interest of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries.
-8-
Section
3.3 Corporate Authority Relative to This Agreement; No
Violation .
(a) The Company has requisite
corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and,
subject to receipt of the Company Shareholder Approval (as
hereinafter defined), to consummate the transactions contemplated
hereby. The Board of Directors of the Company at a duly held
meeting has unanimously (i) determined that it is in the best
interests of the Company and its shareholders (other than holders
of Shares that are affiliates of Parent), and declared it
advisable, to enter into this Agreement, (ii) approved the
execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including the
Merger, and (iii) resolved, subject to Section 5.3, to recommend
that the shareholders of the Company approve the adoption of this
Agreement (the “ Recommendation ”) and
directed that such matter be submitted for consideration of the
shareholders of the Company at the Company Meeting (as hereinafter
defined). Except for the Company Shareholder Approval and the
filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of
the State of Delaware, no other corporate proceedings on the part
of the Company are necessary to authorize the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly and
validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming this
Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement of Parent and
Merger Sub, constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the
Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its
terms, except that such enforceability (i) may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization,
moratorium and other similar laws of general application affecting
or relating to the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally
and (ii) is subject to general principles of equity, whether
considered in a proceeding at law or in equity (the “
Bankruptcy and Equity Exception
”).
(b) The execution, delivery
and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the
consummation of the Merger by the Company do not and will not
require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, action
by, filing with or notification to any United States or foreign
governmental or regulatory agency, commission, court, body, entity
or authority (each, a “ Governmental Entity ”),
other than (i) the filing of the Certificate of Merger, (ii)
compliance with the applicable requirements of the
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the
“ HSR Act ”) and any other antitrust, competition or similar
laws of any foreign jurisdiction, (iii) compliance with the
applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“ Exchange Act
”), including the filing of the Proxy
Statement (as hereinafter defined), (iv) compliance with the rules
and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange, (v) compliance with
any applicable foreign or state securities or blue sky laws, and
(vi) the other consents and/or notices set forth on Section 3.3(b)
of the Company Disclosure Schedule (collectively, clauses (i)
through (vi), the “ Company
Approvals ”), and other than
any other consent, approval, authorization, permit, action, filing
or notification the failure of which to make or obtain would not
(A) individually or in the aggregate, have a Company Material
Adverse Effect (the definition of which, for the purposes of this
Section 3.3(b) and for purposes of Section 6.3(a)(iii) as it
relates to this Section 3.3(b), shall be interpreted so that facts
or changes resulting from the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement shall not be excluded from the
definition of Company Material Adverse Effect pursuant to clause
(a)(v) thereof) or (B) prevent or materially delay the consummation
of the Merger.
(c) The execution, delivery
and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the
consummation by the Company of the Merger and the other
transactions
-9-
contemplated hereby do not and
will not (i) contravene or conflict with the organizational or
governing documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii)
assuming compliance with the matters referenced in Section 3.3(b)
and the receipt of the Company Shareholder Approval, contravene or
conflict with or constitute a violation of any provision of any Law
binding upon or applicable to the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets, or
(iii) assuming compliance with the matters referenced in Section
3.3(b), result in any violation of, or default (with or without
notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of
termination, cancellation or acceleration of any material
obligation or to the loss of a material benefit under any loan,
guarantee of indebtedness or credit agreement, note, bond,
mortgage, indenture, lease, agreement, contract, instrument,
permit, concession, franchise, right or license binding upon the
Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries or result in the
creation of any liens, claims, mortgages, encumbrances, pledges,
security interests, equities or charges of any kind (each, a
“ Lien ”), other than any such Lien (A) for Taxes or
governmental assessments, charges or claims of payment not yet due
or being contested in good faith, provided adequate accruals or
reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (B) which
is a carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’,
materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other similar lien
arising in the ordinary course of business, (C) which is disclosed
on the most recent consolidated balance sheet of the Company
included in the Company SEC Documents (or notes thereto or securing
liabilities reflected on such balance sheet) or (D) which was
incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of the
most recent consolidated balance sheet of the Company (each of the
foregoing, a “ Permitted
Lien ”), upon any of the
properties or assets of the Company or any of the Company’s
Subsidiaries, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii),
any such violation, conflict, default, termination, cancellation,
acceleration, right, loss or Lien that would not have, individually
or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect (the
definition of which, for the purposes of this Section 3.3(c) and
for purposes of Section 6.3(a)(iii) as it relates to this Section
3.3(c), shall be interpreted so that facts or changes resulting
from the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement shall not be excluded from the definition of Company
Material Adverse Effect pursuant to clause (a)(v)
thereof).
Section
3.4 Reports and Financial Statements .
(a) The Company has filed or
furnished all forms, documents and reports required to be filed or
furnished prior to the date hereof by it with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) since December
31, 2005 (such documents and reports, together with any reports
filed by the Company with the SEC on a voluntary basis on Form 8-K,
the “ Company SEC
Documents ”). As of their
respective dates, or, if amended, as of the date of the last such
amendment, the Company SEC Documents complied, and all documents
and reports required to be filed or furnished after the date hereof
and prior to the Effective Date by the Company (together with any
reports filed by the Company with the SEC on a voluntary basis on
Form 8-K, the “ New Company SEC
Documents ”) with the SEC will
be filed on a timely basis and will comply, in all material
respects with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and
the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the applicable rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder, and none of the Company SEC
Documents contained, and none of the New Company SEC Documents will
contain, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. As of the date of this
Agreement, there are no outstanding or unresolved comments received
by the Company from the
-10-
SEC staff with respect to the
Company SEC Documents. To the knowledge of the Company, none of the
Company SEC Documents is the subject of ongoing SEC review or
investigation.
(b) The consolidated
financial statements of the Company included in the Company SEC
Documents and the New Company SEC Documents (including all related
notes and schedules, where applicable) comply and will comply as to
form in all material respects with applicable accounting
requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC
with respect thereto, fairly present in all material respects the
consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated
Subsidiaries, as at the respective dates thereof, and the
consolidated results of their operations and their consolidated
cash flows for the respective periods then ended (subject, in the
case of the unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit
adjustments and to any other adjustments described therein,
including the notes thereto, none of which has been or will be,
individually or in the aggregate, material to the Company and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole) in conformity with United States
generally accepted accounting principles (“
GAAP ”)
(except, in the case of the unaudited statements, as permitted by
the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved
(except as may be indicated therein or in the notes
thereto).
Section 3.5
Internal Controls and Procedures
. The Company has established and maintains
disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over
financial reporting (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (e)
and (f), respectively, of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act) as
required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. The Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures are reasonably designed to
ensure that all material information required to be disclosed by
the Company in the reports that it files or furnishes under the
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and
that all such material information is accumulated and communicated
to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure and to make the
certifications required pursuant to Sections 302 and 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”).
The Company’s management has completed an assessment of the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year ended December 31, 2006,
and such assessment concluded that as of December 31, 2006 such
controls were effective. From December 31, 2004 to the date hereof,
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor to the
knowledge of the Company any of their respective directors,
officers, employees, auditors or accountants has received any
material complaint, allegation, assertion or claim, whether written
or oral, regarding the accounting or auditing practices,
procedures, methodologies or methods of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or their respective internal accounting controls,
including any material complaint, allegation, assertion or claim
that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in
questionable accounting or auditing practices, and no attorney
representing the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, whether or not
employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, has reported
evidence of a material violation of securities Laws, breach of
fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Company or any of its
officers, directors, employees or agents to the Board of Directors
of the Company or any committee thereof or to any director or
officer of the Company.
Section 3.6
No Undisclosed Liabilities
. Except (a) as reflected or reserved against in
the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (or the notes
thereto) included in the
-11-
Company SEC Documents, (b) as
expressly permitted or contemplated by this Agreement, (c) for
liabilities and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of
business since March 31, 2007 and (d) for liabilities or
obligations which have been discharged or paid in full in the
ordinary course of business, as of the date hereof, neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company has any material
liabilities or obligations of any nature, whether or not accrued,
contingent or otherwise, that would be required by GAAP to be
reflected on a consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its
Subsidiaries (or in the notes thereto).
Section
3.7 Compliance with Law; Permits .
(a) The Company and each of
the Company’s Subsidiaries are in material compliance with
and are not in any material respect in default under or in
violation of any applicable federal, state, local or foreign law,
statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, order, injunction,
decree or agency requirement or any other legal requirement of any
Governmental Entity (collectively, “ Laws ” and each, a
“ Law ”). Notwithstanding anything contained in this
Section 3.7(a), no representation or warranty shall be deemed to be
made in this Section 3.7(a) in respect of the matters referenced in
Section 3.4 or 3.5, or in respect of environmental, Tax, employee
benefits or labor Law matters, each of which matters is addressed
by other sections of this Agreement.
(b) The Company and the
Company’s Subsidiaries are in possession of all material
franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements,
variances, exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders
of any Governmental Entity necessary for the Company and the
Company’s Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate their
properties and assets or to carry on their businesses as they are
now being conducted (the “ Company Permits ”). All
Company Permits are in full force and effect, except where the
failure to be in full force and effect would not have, individually
or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section
3.8 Environmental Laws and Regulations .
(a) Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in the Company and its Subsidiaries incurring material liabilities
under Environmental Laws, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries and
their respective businesses are in and have been in compliance with
all applicable Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), which
compliance included obtaining, maintaining and complying with all
Permits required under Environmental Laws for the operation of the
Company and any of its Subsidiaries and their respective
businesses, (ii) none of the properties owned or leased by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries contains any Hazardous Substance
(as hereinafter defined) as a result of any activity of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries in amounts exceeding the levels
permitted by applicable Environmental Laws and, to the knowledge of
the Company, none of the properties owned or leased by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries contains any Hazardous Substances in
amounts exceeding the levels permitted by applicable Environmental
Laws, (iii) from December 31, 2005 to the date hereof, neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notices,
claims, demand letters or requests for information or other written
communication from any federal, state, local or foreign
Governmental Entity or any other person indicating that the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries may be in violation of, or liable under,
any Environmental Law in connection with the ownership or operation
of its businesses or any real
-12-
property currently or formerly
owned or leased by the company or any of its Subsidiaries
(collectively, “ Environmental
Claims ”) and, to the knowledge
of the Company, no Environmental Claims have been threatened, (iv)
to the knowledge of the Company, no Hazardous Substance has been
disposed of, released or transported in violation of any applicable
Environmental Law, or in a manner giving rise to any liability
under Environmental Law, from any properties owned by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries as a result of any activity of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the time such properties
were owned, leased or operated by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, (v) neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any of
their respective current or former properties are subject to any
liabilities relating to any suit, settlement, court order,
administrative order, regulatory requirement, judgment or written
claim asserted or arising under any Environmental Law and (vi) the
Company has made available to the Parent copies of all material
environmental assessments, audits, investigations or similar
reports relating to the environment or Hazardous Substances as well
as any material correspondence related to any pending or threatened
Environmental Claim, to the extent in the possession, custody or
control of the Company. It is agreed and understood that except
with respect to Section 3.6, no representation or warranty is made
in respect of environmental matters in any Section of this
Agreement other than this Section 3.8.
(b) As used herein,
“ Environmental Law
” means any Law (including common law)
relating to (x) the protection, preservation or restoration of the
environment (including air, water vapor, surface water,
groundwater, drinking water supply, surface land, subsurface land,
plant and animal life or any other natural resource), or (y) the
exposure to, or the use, storage, recycling, treatment, generation,
transportation, processing, handling, labeling, production, release
or disposal of Hazardous Substances, in each case as in effect at
the date hereof.
(c) As used herein,
“ Hazardous Substance
” means any substance presently listed,
defined, designated or classified as hazardous, toxic, radioactive,
or dangerous, or as a pollutant or contaminant or otherwise
regulated, under any Environmental Law. Hazardous Substance
includes any substance to which exposure is regulated by any
Governmental Entity or any Environmental Law including any toxic
waste, pollutant, contaminant, hazardous substance, toxic
substance, hazardous waste, special waste, industrial substance or
petroleum or any derivative or byproduct thereof, radon,
radioactive material, asbestos, or asbestos containing material,
urea formaldehyde, foam insulation or polychlorinated
biphenyls.
Section
3.9 Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 3.9(a)(i) of the
Company Disclosure Schedule lists all material Company Benefit
Plans. “ Company Benefit
Plans ” means all employee or
director benefit plans, programs, policies, agreements or other
arrangements, including any employee welfare plan within the
meaning of Section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”), any employee
pension benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA
(whether or not such plan is subject to ERISA), any employment,
individual consulting or other compensation agreements and any
bonus, incentive, equity or equity-based compensation, deferred
compensation, vacation, stock purchase, stock option, severance,
employment, change of control, salary continuation, health or life
insurance or fringe benefit plan, program or agreement, in each
case that are sponsored, maintained or contributed to by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of current or
former employees, directors or
-13-
consultants of the Company or
its Subsidiaries or to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has any obligation or liability (contingent or otherwise);
provided , however
, that Company Benefit Plans shall not include
any Company Foreign Plan. For purposes of this Agreement, the term
“ Company Foreign
Plan ” shall refer to each
material plan, program or contract that is subject to or governed
by the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States, and
which would have been treated as a Company Benefit Plan had it been
a United States plan, program or contract. Section 3.9(a)(ii) of
the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all Company Foreign Plans
with respect to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has or
could reasonably be expected to have any material
liabilities.
(b) The Company has
heretofore made available to Parent true and complete copies of
each of the material Company Benefit Plans and Company Foreign
Plans and certain related documents, including, but not limited to,
(i) each writing constituting a part of such Company Benefit Plan
or Company Foreign Plan, including all amendments thereto; (ii) the
three most recent Annual Reports (Form 5500 Series) or other annual
report, as applicable, and accompanying schedules, if any; (iii)
the most recent determination letter from the IRS (if applicable)
for such Company Benefit Plan; (iv) the most recent actuarial
report, if any; (v) the most recent summary plan descriptions; and
(vi) written summaries of all non-written Company Benefit Plans or
Company Foreign Plans.
(c) Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole incurring
material liabilities under applicable Law, (i) each material
Company Benefit Plan has been maintained and administered in
compliance in all material respects with its terms and with
applicable Law, including ERISA and the Code to the extent
applicable thereto and (ii) each of the Company Benefit Plans
intended to be “qualified” within the meaning of
Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and there are no
existing circumstances or any events that have occurred that could
reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualified status of
any such plan. With respect to each Company Benefit Plan that is
subject to Title IV of ERISA, the present value of the accrued
benefits under such Company Benefit Plan, based upon the actuarial
assumptions used for funding purposes in the most recent actuarial
report prepared for such Company Benefit Plan’s actuary with
respect to such Company Benefit Plan, did not, as of its latest
valuation date, materially exceed the then current value of the
assets of such Company Benefit Plan allocable to such accrued
benefits. No Company Benefit Plan provides a material amount of
health benefit coverage (whether or not insured), with respect to
current or former employees or directors of the Company or its
Subsidiaries beyond their retirement or other termination of
service, other than coverage mandated by applicable Law and at the
expense of the employee or the employee’s beneficiary. No
material liability under Title IV of ERISA has been incurred by the
Company, its Subsidiaries or any ERISA Affiliate of the Company
that has not been satisfied in full (other than with respect to
amounts not yet due), and no condition exists that presents a risk
to the Company, its Subsidiaries or any ERISA Affiliate of the
Company of incurring a material liability thereunder. No Company
Benefit Plan is a “multiemployer pension plan” (as such
term is defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA) or a plan that has two
or more contributing sponsors, at least two of whom are not under
common control, within the meaning of Section 4063 of ERISA. All
material contributions or other material amounts payable by the
Company or its Subsidiaries as of the date hereof with respect to
each Company Benefit Plan in respect of current or prior plan years
have been timely paid or accrued in accordance with GAAP and
no
-14-
material accumulated funding
deficiencies exist with respect to any of the Company Benefit Plans
subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code. Neither
the Company nor its Subsidiaries has engaged in a transaction in
connection with which the Company or its Subsidiaries reasonably
could be subject to either a material civil penalty assessed
pursuant to Section 409 or 502(i) of ERISA or a material tax
imposed pursuant to Section 4975 or 4976 of the Code. There are no
pending, threatened or anticipated claims (other than routine
claims for benefits) by, on behalf of or against any of the Company
Benefit Plans, Company Foreign Plans or any trusts related thereto,
which could reasonably be expected to result in material liability
to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole.
“ ERISA Affiliate
” means, with respect to any entity, trade
or business, any other entity, trade or business (whether or not
incorporated) that is a member of a group described in Section
414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b)(1) of ERISA
that includes the first entity, trade or business, or that is a
member of the same “controlled group” as the first
entity, trade or business pursuant to Section 4001(a)(14) of
ERISA.
(d) The consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not, either alone
or in combination with another event, (i) entitle any current or
former employee, consultant or officer of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries to severance pay, unemployment compensation or any
other payment, except as expressly provided in this Agreement or as
required by applicable Law, or (ii) accelerate the time of payment
or vesting, or increase the amount of compensation due any such
employee, consultant or officer, except as expressly provided in
this Agreement.
(e) Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole incurring
material liabilities under applicable Law, all Company Foreign
Plans (i) have been maintained in accordance with their terms and
all applicable Laws and requirements, (ii) if they are intended to
qualify for special Tax treatment meet all material requirements
for such treatment, and (iii) if they are required to be funded
and/or book-reserved are funded and/or book-reserved, as
appropriate, based upon reasonable actuarial assumptions and in
accordance with applicable Law.
Section
3.10 Absence
of Certain Changes or Events .
(a) Since December 31, 2006,
except as otherwise contemplated or required by this Agreement, the
businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries have been conducted,
in all material respects, in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice, and there has not been any event,
development or state of circumstances that has had, individually or
in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Since December 31, 2006,
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any
action described in Section 5.1(b)(i), Section 5.1(b)(iii), or
Section 5.1(b)(iv) hereof that if taken after the date hereof and
prior to the Effective Time without the prior written consent of
Parent would violate such provision.
Section 3.11 Investigations; Litigation .
As of the date hereof, (a) there is no investigation or review
pending (or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened) by
any
-15-
Governmental Entity with respect
to the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries, and (b)
there are no material actions, suits, inquiries, investigations or
proceedings pending (or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened) against or affecting (including, without limitation, by
placing restrictions on the actions of the Company or any of the
Company’s Subsidiaries) the Company or any of the
Company’s Subsidiaries, or any of their respective properties
at law or in equity before, and there are no material orders,
judgments or decrees of, or before, any Governmental
Entity.
Section 3.12 Proxy Statement; Other Information . The proxy statement (including the letter to
shareholders, notice of meeting and form of proxy, the
“ Proxy Statement
”) to be filed by the Company with the SEC
in connection with seeking the adoption of this Agreement by the
shareholders of the Company will not, at the time it is filed with
the SEC, or at the time it is first mailed to the shareholders of
the Company or at the time of the Company Meeting, contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which
they are made, not misleading. The Company will cause the Proxy
Statement to comply as to form in all material respects with the
requirements of the Exchange Act applicable thereto as of the date
of such filing. No representation is made by the Company with
respect to statements made in the Proxy Statement based on
information supplied, or required to be supplied, by Parent, Merger
Sub or any of their affiliates or advisors specifically for
inclusion or incorporation by reference therein.
Section 3.13 Rights Plan . The Board of
Directors of the Company has resolved to, and the Company after the
execution of this Agreement will, take all action necessary to (a)
render the rights to purchase shares of Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock of the Company, issued pursuant to
the terms of the Rights Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2001, as
amended, between the Company and The Bank of New York, as Rights
Agent (the “ Rights
Agreement ”), inapplicable to
the Merger and the execution and operation of this Agreement and
(b) provide that the Expiration Date (as defined in said Rights
Agreement) shall occur immediately prior to the Effective
Time.
Section
3.14 Tax
Matters .
(a) Except as would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect, (i) except to the extent reflected as deferred taxes in the
Company's financial statements, the Company and each of its
Subsidiaries have prepared and timely filed (taking into account
any extension of time within which to file) all Tax Returns
required to be filed by any of them and all such filed Tax Returns
are complete and accurate, (ii) the Company and each of its
Subsidiaries have paid all Taxes that are required to be paid by
any of them, except with respect to matters contested in good faith
and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance
with GAAP, (iii) all Tax Returns of the Company and each of its
Subsidiaries for all periods ending on or before December 31 2001
have been examined by the relevant taxing authority (or the period
for assessment of the Taxes in respect of which such Tax Returns
were required to be filed has expired), (iv) there are no pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing, any
audits, examinations, investigations or other proceedings in
respect of Tax matters, (v) there are no Liens for Taxes on any of
the assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than
Permitted Liens, (vi) none of the Company or any
-16-
of its Subsidiaries has been a
“controlled corporation” or a “distributing
corporation” in any distribution occurring during the
two-year period ending on the date hereof that was purported or
intended to be governed by Section 355 of the Code (or any similar
provision of state, local or foreign Law), (vii) the Company and
each of its Subsidiaries have withheld and paid all amounts of
Taxes required to have been withheld and paid in connection with
any amounts paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor,
creditor, stockholder or other third party, (viii) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or has any
obligation under any Tax sharing, Tax indemnity or Tax allocation
agreement or similar contract or arrangement, (ix) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has participated in any
“listed transaction” within the meaning of Treasury
Regulation 1.6011-4(b)(2), and (x) neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries will be required to include any item of income in,
or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any
taxable period (or portion thereof) beginning after the Closing
Date as a result of any (A) change in method of accounting for a
taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date, (B) closing
agreement as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any
corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign Law)
executed on or prior to the Closing Date, (C) intercompany
transactions or any excess loss account described in Treasury
Regulations under Section 1502 of the Code (or any corresponding or
similar provision of state, local or foreign Law), (D) installment
sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the
Closing Date, or (E) prepaid amount received on or prior to the
Closing Date.
(b) For purposes of Section
3.14(a), any reference to the Company or a Subsidiary shall be
deemed to include any person which merged or was liquidated into
such entity.
(c) As used in this
Agreement, (i) “ Taxes ” means any and
all domestic or foreign, federal, state, local or other taxes of
any kind (together with any and all interest, penalties, additions
to tax and additional amounts imposed with respect thereto) imposed
by any Governmental Entity, including taxes on or with respect to
income, franchises, windfall or other profits, gross receipts,
property, sales, use, capital stock, payroll, employment,
unemployment, social security, workers’ compensation, or net
worth, and taxes in the nature of excise, withholding, ad valorem
or value added, and any liability for the foregoing payable by
reason of contract, assumption, operation of Law, Treasury
Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any predecessor or successor
thereof of any analogous or similar provision under Law) or
otherwise, and (ii) “ Tax
Return ” means any return,
report or similar filing (including the attached schedules)
required to be filed with respect to Taxes, including any
information return, claim for refund, amended return or declaration
of estimated Taxes. It is agreed and understood that no
representation or warranty is made in respect of Tax matters in any
Section of this Agreement other than this Section 3.14 and Section
3.9.
Section 3.15 Labor Matters . Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to, or bound by, any
collective bargaining agreement, contract or other agreement or
understanding with a labor union or labor organization. Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to a material strike
or work stoppage nor to any labor dispute except, in the case of a
labor dispute, as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
To the knowledge of the Company, there are no material
organizational efforts with respect to the formation of a
collective bargaining unit
-17-
presently being made or
threatened involving employees of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
Section 3.16 Intellectual Property .
Except as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect, either the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company solely owns, or is validly licensed or otherwise
possesses legally enforceable rights to use, all material
trademarks (including call signs), trade names, service marks,
service names, assumed names, registered and unregistered
copyrights, patents or applications and registrations used in their
respective businesses as currently conducted (collectively, the
“ Intellectual
Property ”). All of the
material Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable in all
material respects. As of the date hereof, (a) there are no pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened material claims by
any person alleging infringement by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries for their use of the Intellectual Property of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (b) to the knowledge of the
Company, the conduct of the business of the Company and its
Subsidiaries does not infringe any intellectual property rights of
any person in any material respect, (c) neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries has made any material claim of a violation or
infringement by others of its rights to or in connection with the
Intellectual Property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
and (d) to the knowledge of the Company, no person is infringing
any Intellectual Property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
in any material respect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have
taken commercially reasonable measures to protect the
confidentiality of all trade secrets owned by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries that are material to their respective businesses.
The information technology systems of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, including the relevant software and hardware, are
adequate for their respective businesses.
Section 3.17 Opinion of Financial Advisor . The Board of Directors of the Company has received the
opinion of Greenhill & Co., LLC, dated the date of this
Agreement, substantially to the effect that, as of such date, and
subject to the limitations and assumptions set forth therein, the
Merger Consideration to be received by the holders of shares of
Company Common Stock (other than affiliates of, or holders of
beneficial interests in, Parent or Merger Sub) pursuant to this
Agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to such
holders.
Section 3.18 Required Vote of the Company Shareholders
. Subject to the accuracy of the representations
and warranties of Parent and Merger Sub in Section 4.9, the
affirmative vote of the holders of outstanding shares of Company
Common Stock representing at least a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast thereupon by holders of Company Common Stock is
the only vote of holders of securities of the Company which is
required to approve this Agreement and the Merger (the
“ Company Shareholder
Approval ”). No “fair
price”, “moratorium”, “control share
acquisition” or other similar antitakeover statute or
regulation enacted under state or federal laws in the United States
(with the exception of Section 203 of the DGCL) applicable to the
Company is applicable to the Merger or the other transactions
contemplated hereby. The action of the Board of Directors of the
Company in approving this Agreement is sufficient to render
inapplicable to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby the restrictions on “business combinations” (as
defined in Section 203 of the DGCL) as set forth in Section 203 of
the DGCL.
-18-
Section
3.19 Material
Contracts .
(a) Except for this
Agreement, the Company Benefit Plans, as filed with the SEC or as
listed on Section 3.19(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, as of
the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is
a party to or bound by (i) any “material contract” (as
such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K of the
SEC) or (ii) any of the following: (A) contract that purports to
limit, curtail or restrict the ability of the Company or any of its
existing or future Subsidiaries or affiliates to compete in any
geographic area or line of business or restrict the persons to whom
the Company or any of its existing or future Subsidiaries or
affiliates may sell products or deliver services, (B) loan or
credit agreement, mortgage, indenture, note or other contract or
instrument evidencing indebtedness for borrowed money by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any contract or instrument
pursuant to which indebtedness for borrowed money may be incurred
or is guaranteed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (C)
mortgage, pledge, security agreement, deed of trust or other
contract granting a Lien on any material property or assets of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (D) customer, client or supply
contract that involves consideration in fiscal year 2006 in excess
of $5 million or, in the case of customer contracts, $3 million or
that is reasonably likely to involve consideration in fiscal year
2007 or fiscal year 2008 in excess of $5 million or, in the case of
customer contracts, $3 million, (E) contract (other than customer,
client or supply contracts) that involve consideration (whether or
not measured in cash) of greater than $5 million, (F) contract that
restricts or otherwise limits the payment of dividends or other
distributions on equity securities, (G) to the extent material to
the business or financial condition of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (1) product or intellectual
property design or development contract, (2) license or royalty
contract or (3) contract granting a right of first refusal or first
negotiation or “most favored nation” status, (H)
investment banker engagement or similar agreement pursuant to which
any person would be entitled to payment in connection with the
Merger, and (I) commitment or agreement to enter into any of the
foregoing (all contracts of the type described in this Section
3.19(a) being referred to herein as “ Company Material Contracts ”). The Company has made available to Parent correct
and complete copies of each Material Contract in existence as of
the date hereof, together with any and all amendments and
supplements thereto and material “side letters” and
similar documentation relating thereto.
(b) Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary of the Company is in breach of or default under the
terms of any Company Material Contract where such breach or default
would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material
Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, no other party to
any Company Material Contract is in breach of or default under the
terms of any Company Material Contract where such breach or default
would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material
Adverse Effect. Except as would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, each Company Material
Contract is a valid and binding obligation of the Company or the
Subsidiary of the Company which is party thereto and, to the
knowledge of the Company, of each other party thereto, and is in
full force and effect, except that (i) such enforcement may be
subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium or other similar Laws, now or hereafter in effect,
relating to creditors’ rights generally and (ii) equitable
remedies of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of
equitable relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the
discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be
brought. Section 3.19(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets
forth a correct and complete list, as of
-19-
the date hereof, of each current
customer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (A) which
accounted for revenue of $500,000 or more in 2005 or 2006 and (B)
which has provided notice of an intention (x) to terminate its
contract(s) with the Company and/or a Company Subsidiary or (y) not
to renew its contract(s) with the Company and/or a Company
Subsidiary at the end of the current contract term(s).
Section 3.20 Insurance . Section 3.20(a)
of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a correct and
complete list of all insurance policies (including information on
the premiums payable in connection therewith and the scope and
amount of the coverage provided thereunder) maintained by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries (the “
Policies ”). The material Policies (i) have been issued by
insurers which, to the knowledge of the Company, are reputable and
financially sound and (ii) are in full force and effect. Except as
would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect, the Policies provide coverage for the
operations conducted by the Company and its Subsidiaries of a scope
and coverage consistent with customary practice in the industries
in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate. Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in material breach or
default, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have
taken any action or failed to take any action which, with notice or
the lapse of time, would constitute such a material breach or
default, or permit termination or material modification, of any of
the material Policies. No notice of cancellation or termination has
been received by the Company with respect to any of the Policies.
The consummation of the Merger will not, in and of itself, cause
the revocation, cancellation or termination of any material
Policy.
Section 3.21 Finders or Brokers . Except
for Greenhill & Co., L.L.C., neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has employed any investment banker, broker or finder
in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
who might be entitled to any fee or any commission in connection
with or upon consummation of the Merger.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Except as disclosed in the disclosure schedule delivered by
Parent to the Company immediately prior to the execution of this
Agreement (the “ Parent
Disclosure Schedule ”), Parent
and Merger Sub jointly and severally represent and warrant to the
Company as follows:
Section 4.1
Qualification; Organization, Subsidiaries,
etc. Each of Parent and Merger Sub is
a legal entity duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of
organization and has all requisite corporate or similar power and
authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and
to carry on its business as presently conducted and is qualified to
do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in
each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or operation of its
assets or properties or conduct of its business requires such
quali
|