AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
among
LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH, INC.,
LION HOLDINGS, INC.
and
LION MERGER CORP.
Dated as of July 8, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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ARTICLE I
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The Merger; Closing; Effective
Time
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1
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1.1
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The Merger
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1
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1.2
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Closing
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1
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1.3
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Effective Time
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1
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ARTICLE II
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Charter and Bylaws of the Surviving
Corporation
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2
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2.1
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The Charter
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2
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2.2
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The Bylaws
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2
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ARTICLE III
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Officers and Directors of the
Surviving Corporation
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2
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3.1
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Director
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2
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3.2
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Officers
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2
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ARTICLE IV
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Effect of the Merger on Capital
Stock: Exchange of Certificates
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2
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4.1
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Effect on Capital Stock
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2
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4.2
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Exchange of Certificates
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3
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4.3
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Treatment of Stock Plans and
Warrants
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5
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4.4
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Adjustments to Prevent
Dilution
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5
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ARTICLE V
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Representations and
Warranties
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6
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5.1
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Representations and Warranties of
the Company
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6
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5.2
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Representations and Warranties of
Parent and Merger Sub
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20
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ARTICLE VI
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Covenants
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23
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6.1
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Interim Operations
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23
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6.2
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Acquisition Proposals
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25
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6.3
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Information Supplied
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28
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6.4
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Stockholders Meeting
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28
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6.5
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Filings; Other Actions;
Notification
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29
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6.6
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Access and Reports
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30
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6.7
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NYSE Arca De-listing
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30
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6.8
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Publicity
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31
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6.9
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Employee Benefits
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31
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6.10
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Expenses
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31
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6.11
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Indemnification; Directors’
and Officers’ Insurance
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31
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6.12
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Takeover Statutes
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33
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6.13
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Rule 16b-3
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33
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6.14
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Financing
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33
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6.15
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Stockholder Litigation
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34
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6.16
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Confidentiality
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34
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6.17
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Resignations
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35
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6.18
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Capitalization; Related
Matters
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35
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ARTICLE VII
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Conditions
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35
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7.1
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Conditions to Each Party’s
Obligation to Effect the Merger
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35
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7.2
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Conditions to Obligations of Parent
and Merger Sub
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36
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7.3
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Conditions to Obligation of the
Company
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36
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ARTICLE VIII
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Termination
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37
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8.1
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Termination by Mutual Consent;
Automatic Termination
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37
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8.2
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Termination by Either Parent or the
Company
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37
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8.3
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Termination by the
Company
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37
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8.4
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Termination by Parent
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38
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8.5
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Effect of Termination and
Abandonment
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39
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ARTICLE IX
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Miscellaneous
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42
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9.1
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Survival
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42
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9.2
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Modification or Amendment
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42
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9.3
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Extensions; Waivers
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43
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9.4
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Counterparts
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43
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9.5
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Governing Law
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43
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9.6
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Arbitration
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43
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9.7
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Notices
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44
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9.8
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Entire Agreement
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44
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9.9
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No Third Party
Beneficiaries
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44
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9.10
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Obligations of Parent and of the
Company
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45
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9.11
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Definitions
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45
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9.12
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Severability
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45
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9.13
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Interpretation;
Construction
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45
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9.14
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Assignment
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46
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Annex A
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Defined Terms
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A-1
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Exhibit A
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Form of Charter of the Surviving
Corporation
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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (hereinafter called
this “ Agreement ”), dated as of July 8,
2009, among Life Sciences Research, Inc., a Maryland corporation
(the “ Company ”), Lion Holdings, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), and
Lion Merger Corp., a Maryland corporation and a wholly owned
subsidiary of Parent (“ Merger
Sub ”; the Company and Merger Sub sometimes being
hereinafter collectively referred to as the “
Constituent Corporations ”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors of
each of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company have approved and
declared advisable the merger of Merger Sub with and into the
Company (the “ Merger ”) upon the terms
and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and have
approved this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company, Parent and Merger Sub
desire to make certain representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements in connection with this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises
and of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements
contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
The Merger; Closing; Effective
Time
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth in this Agreement, at the Effective Time, Merger Sub shall be
merged with and into the Company and the separate corporate
existence of Merger Sub shall thereupon cease. The
Company shall be the surviving corporation in the Merger (sometimes
hereinafter referred to as the “ Surviving
Corporation ”), and the separate corporate existence
of the Company, with all of its rights, privileges, immunities,
powers and franchises, shall continue unaffected by the Merger,
except as set forth in Article II. The Merger shall have the
effects specified in the Maryland General Corporation Law (the
“ MGCL ”).
Unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing
between the Company and Parent, the closing for the Merger (the
“ Closing ”) shall take place at a
location to be agreed by the parties at 9:00 a.m. (Eastern Time) on
the second business day (the “ Closing Date
”) following the day on which the last to be satisfied or
waived of the conditions set forth in Article VII (other than those
conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing,
but subject to the fulfillment or waiver of those conditions) shall
be satisfied or waived in accordance with this
Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the term
“ business day ” shall mean any day
ending at 11:59 p.m. (Eastern Time) other than a Saturday or Sunday
or a day on which banks are required or authorized to close in the
City of New York, New York.
As soon as practicable following the Closing,
the Company and Parent will cause the Articles of Merger (the
“ Articles of Merger ”) to be executed,
acknowledged and filed with the State Department of Assessments and
Taxation of Maryland. The Merger shall become effective
at the time when the Articles of Merger have been accepted for
record by the State Department of Assessment and Taxation of
Maryland or at such later time as may be agreed by the parties
hereto in writing and specified in the Articles of Merger, not to
exceed thirty (30) days after the Articles of Merger are accepted
for record (the “ Effective Time
”).
ARTICLE II
Charter and Bylaws
of the Surviving
Corporation
The charter of the Company shall be amended as a
result of the Merger so as to read in its entirety as set forth in
Exhibit A hereto and as so amended shall be the charter
of the Surviving Corporation (the “ Charter
”), until duly amended as provided therein or by applicable
Laws.
The bylaws of the Company in effect immediately
prior to the Effective Time shall be the bylaws of the Surviving
Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”), until
thereafter amended as provided therein, by the Charter of the
Surviving Corporation or by applicable Laws.
ARTICLE III
Officers and
Directors
of the Surviving
Corporation
The director of Merger Sub shall, from and after
the Effective Time, be the director of the Surviving Corporation
until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected
and qualify or until his or her earlier death, resignation or
removal in accordance with the Charter and the Bylaws.
The officers of the Company at the Effective
Time shall, from and after the Effective Time, be the officers of
the Surviving Corporation until their successors shall have been
duly elected or appointed and qualify or until their earlier death,
resignation or removal in accordance with the Charter and the
Bylaws.
ARTICLE IV
Effect of the Merger on Capital
Stock:
Exchange of
Certificates
4.1. Effect on
Capital Stock
At the Effective Time, as a result of the Merger
and without any action on the part of the Company, Parent, Merger
Sub or the holder of any capital stock of the Company:
(a) Merger
Consideration . Each share of the voting common
stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (a “
Share ” or, collectively, the “
Shares ”) issued and outstanding immediately
prior to the Effective Time (other than Shares owned by Parent,
Merger Sub or any other direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary
of Parent and Shares owned by any direct or indirect wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company, and in each case not held on behalf of
third parties) shall be converted into the right to receive $8.50
per Share in cash (the “ Per Share Merger
Consideration ”). At the Effective Time,
all of the Shares shall cease to be outstanding, shall be cancelled
and shall cease to exist, each certificate (a “
Certificate ”) formerly representing any of the
Shares shall thereafter represent only the right to receive the Per
Share Merger Consideration, without interest. For the
avoidance of doubt, the parties acknowledge and agree that to the
extent any Shares have been contributed to Parent prior to or in
connection with the Effective Time, such contribution shall be
deemed to have occurred immediately prior to the Effective
Time.
(b) Merger Sub
. At the Effective Time, each share of common stock, par
value $0.01 per share, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one
share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Surviving
Corporation.
4.2. Exchange of
Certificates .
(a) Paying
Agent . At or prior to the Effective Time, Parent
shall deposit, or shall cause to be deposited, with a paying agent
selected by Parent with the Company’s prior approval (such
approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) (unless a
paying agent reasonably acceptable to the Parent and Company is not
available on commercially reasonable terms, in which case the
Company shall act as paying agent hereunder) (such paying agent or
the Company, as applicable, the “ Paying Agent
”), for the benefit of the holders of Shares, a cash amount
in immediately available funds necessary for the Paying Agent to
make payments under Section 4.1(a) (such cash being hereinafter
referred to as the “ Exchange Fund
”). The Paying Agent shall invest the Exchange
Fund as directed by Parent; provided that such investments
shall be in obligations of or guaranteed by the United States of
America or obligations of an agency of the United States of America
which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States
of America. Any interest and other income resulting from
such investment shall become a part of the Exchange Fund, and any
amounts in excess of the amounts payable under Section 4.1(a) shall
be promptly returned to the Surviving Corporation. To
the extent that there are losses with respect to any such
investments, the Exchange Fund diminishes for any reason below the
level required to make prompt cash payment under Section 4.1(a),
Parent shall, or shall cause the Surviving Corporation to, promptly
replace, restore or increase the cash in the Exchange Fund so as to
ensure that the Exchange Fund is at all times maintained at a level
sufficient to make such payments under Section 4.1(a).
(b) Exchange
Procedures . Promptly after the Effective Time (and
in any event within two (2) business days), the Surviving
Corporation shall cause the Paying Agent to mail to each holder of
record of Shares (i) a letter of transmittal in customary form
specifying that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and
title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of the
Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu thereof as provided in
Section 4.2(e)) to the Paying Agent, such letter of transmittal to
be in such form and have such other provisions as Parent and the
Company may reasonably agree, and (ii) instructions for use in
effecting the surrender of the Certificates (or affidavits of loss
in lieu thereof as provided in Section 4.2(e)) in exchange for the
Per Share Merger Consideration. Upon surrender of a
Certificate (or affidavit of loss in lieu thereof as provided in
Section 4.2(e)) to the Paying Agent in accordance with the terms of
such letter of transmittal, duly executed, the holder of such
Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a
cash amount in immediately available funds (after giving effect to
any required Tax withholdings as provided in Section 4.2(g)) equal
to (x) the number of Shares represented by such Certificate (or
affidavit of loss in lieu thereof as provided in Section 4.2(e))
multiplied by (y) the Per Share Merger Consideration, and such
Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be
cancelled. No interest will be paid or accrued on any
amount payable upon due surrender of the
Certificates. In the event of a transfer of ownership of
Shares that is not registered in the transfer records of the
Company, if the Certificate formerly representing such Shares is
presented to the Paying Agent, accompanied by all documents
reasonably required to evidence and effect such transfer and to
evidence that any applicable stock transfer taxes have been paid or
are not applicable, the Paying Agent shall deliver to such
transferee an amount of cash in immediately available funds to be
exchanged upon due surrender of such Certificate.
(c) Transfers
. All Per Share Merger Consideration paid upon the
surrender for exchange of Certificates in accordance with the terms
of this Article IV shall be deemed to have been paid in full
satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the Shares formerly
represented by such Certificates. From and after the
Effective Time, there shall be no transfers on the stock transfer
books of the Company of the Shares that were outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the
Effective Time, any Certificate is presented to the Surviving
Corporation, Parent or the Paying Agent for transfer, it shall be
cancelled and exchanged for the cash amount in immediately
available funds to which the holder thereof is entitled pursuant to
this Article IV. From and after the Effective Time,
holders of Certificates shall cease to have any rights as
stockholders of the Company, except as otherwise provided herein or
by Law.
(d) Termination of
Exchange Fund . Any portion of the Exchange Fund
(including the proceeds of any investments thereof) that remains
unclaimed by the stockholders of the Company for one year after the
Effective Time shall be delivered to the Surviving
Corporation. Any holder of Shares who has not
theretofore complied with this Article IV shall thereafter look
only to Parent and the Surviving Corporation for payment of the Per
Share Merger Consideration upon due surrender of its Certificates
(or affidavits of loss in lieu thereof as provided in Section
4.2(e)), without any interest thereon. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, none of the Surviving Corporation, Parent, the
Paying Agent or any other Person shall be liable to any former
holder of Shares for any amount required to be delivered to a
public official pursuant to applicable abandoned property, escheat
or similar Laws. For the purposes of this Agreement, the
term “ Person ” shall mean any
individual, corporation (including not-for-profit), general or
limited partnership, limited liability company, joint venture,
estate, trust, association, organization, Governmental Entity or
other entity of any kind or nature.
(e) Lost, Stolen or
Destroyed Certificates . In the event any
Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the
making of an affidavit of that fact by the Person claiming such
Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by
Parent, the posting by such Person of a bond in customary amount
and upon such terms as may be required by Parent as indemnity
against any claim that may be made against it or the Surviving
Corporation with respect to such Certificate, the Paying Agent will
deliver to such Person cash in immediately available funds in the
amount (after giving effect to any required Tax withholdings as
provided in Section 4.2(g)) equal to the number of Shares
represented by such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate
multiplied by the Per Share Merger Consideration.
(f) Appraisal
Rights . In accordance with the Company’s
charter and Section 3-202(c) of the MGCL, no stockholder of the
Company shall have any statutory rights to demand and receive
payment of the fair value of the stockholder’s Shares as a
result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Merger.
(g) Withholding
Rights . Each of Parent and the Surviving
Corporation shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the
consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement to any
holder of Shares such amounts as it is required to deduct and
withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code,
or any other applicable state, local or foreign Tax
Law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld by the
Surviving Corporation or Parent, as the case may be, such withheld
amounts shall (i) be remitted by Parent or the Surviving
Corporation, as applicable, to the applicable Governmental Entity
and (ii) be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having
been paid to the holder of Shares in respect of which such
deduction and withholding was made by the Surviving Corporation or
Parent, as the case may be. Parent and Merger Sub agree
that no amounts will be withheld pursuant to Code Section 1445 with
respect to any amounts payable under this Agreement.
4.3. Treatment of
Stock Plans and Warrants
(a) Options
. Except as may be separately agreed in writing prior to
the Effective Time by Parent and the holder of any option to
purchase Shares (a “ Company Option ”)
(with respect to such holder’s Company Options only), at the
Effective Time, each outstanding Company Option under the Stock
Plans shall become fully exercisable and vested, shall be cancelled
and shall only entitle the holder thereof to receive, as soon as
reasonably practicable after the Effective Time (but in any event
no later than three (3) business days after the Effective Time), an
amount in cash equal to (x) the total number of Shares subject to
such Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time
multiplied by (y) the excess, if any, of the Per Share Merger
Consideration over the exercise price per Share under such Company
Option, less applicable Taxes required to be withheld with respect
to such payment. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable
efforts to take all actions reasonably sufficient (including any
action reasonably requested by Parent) to effectuate immediately
prior to the Effective Time the cancellation of all Company Stock
Options.
(b) Restricted
Stock . At the Effective Time, each outstanding
share of restricted stock (“ Restricted Stock
”) under the Stock Plans shall become fully vested, shall be
cancelled and shall only entitle the holder thereof to receive, as
soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time (but in any
event no later than three (3) business days after the Effective
Time), an amount in cash equal to (x) the total number of shares of
such Restricted Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time
multiplied by (y) the Per Share Merger Consideration, less
applicable Taxes required to be withheld with respect to such
payment.
(c) Warrants
. At the Effective Time, each outstanding Warrant shall
be cancelled and shall only entitle the holder thereof to receive,
as soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time (but in
any event no later than three (3) business days after the Effective
Time), an amount in cash equal to (x) the total number of Shares
subject to such Warrant immediately prior to the Effective Time
multiplied by (y) the excess, if any, of the Per Share Merger
Consideration over the exercise price per Share under such Warrant,
less applicable Taxes required to be withheld with respect to such
payment.
(d) Corporate
Actions . At or prior to the Effective Time, the
Company, the board of directors of the Company (subject to the
exercise of the directors’ duties under applicable Law) and
the compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company
(subject to the exercise of the directors’ duties under
applicable Law), as applicable, shall adopt resolutions and take
all actions necessary to implement the provisions of Sections
4.3(a), 4.3(b), 4.3(c) and this Section 4.3(d). Except
as otherwise provided herein or agreed to in writing by Parent and
the Company or as may be necessary to administer Company Options or
Restricted Stock remaining outstanding following the Effective
Time, the Stock Plans shall be terminated effective as of the
Effective Time and no participant in the Stock Plans shall
thereafter be granted any rights thereunder to acquire any equity
securities of the Company, the Surviving Corporation, Parent or any
Subsidiary of any of the foregoing.
4.4. Adjustments to
Prevent Dilution
In the event that the Company changes the number
of Shares or securities convertible or exchangeable into or
exercisable for Shares issued and outstanding prior to the
Effective Time as a result of a reclassification, stock split
(including a reverse stock split), stock dividend or distribution,
recapitalization, merger, issuer tender or exchange offer or other
similar transaction, the Per Share Merger Consideration shall be
equitably adjusted.
ARTICLE V
Representations and
Warranties
5.1. Representations
and Warranties of the Company
Except as set forth in the corresponding
sections or subsections of the disclosure letter delivered to
Parent by the Company prior to or concurrently with entering into
this Agreement (the “ Company Disclosure Letter
”), the Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and
Merger Sub that:
(a) Organization,
Good Standing and Qualification . Each of the
Company and its Subsidiaries is a legal entity duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its
respective jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite
corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate
its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently
conducted and is qualified to do business and is in good standing
as a foreign corporation or similar entity in each jurisdiction
where the ownership, leasing or operation of its assets or
properties or conduct of its business requires such qualification,
except where the failure to be so organized, qualified or in good
standing, or to have such power or authority, are not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably expected to have a Company Material
Adverse Effect. The Company has made available to Parent
complete and correct copies of the Company’s and its
Significant Subsidiaries’ charters and bylaws or comparable
governing documents, each as amended to the date hereof, and each
as so made available is in effect on the date hereof. As
used in this Agreement, the term (i) “
Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person,
any other Person of which at least a majority of the securities or
ownership interests having by their terms ordinary voting power to
elect a majority of the board of directors or other Persons
performing similar functions is directly or indirectly owned or
controlled by such Person and/or by one or more of its Subsidiaries
and, unless otherwise indicated herein, the term “
Subsidiary ” refers to a Subsidiary of the Company,
(ii) “ Significant Subsidiary ” is as
defined in Rule 1.02(w) of Regulation S-X promulgated pursuant to
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “
Exchange Act ”), and (iii) “
Company Material Adverse Effect ” means any
event, circumstance, development, change or effect that (i) has a
material adverse effect on the financial condition, properties,
assets, liabilities, business or results of operations of the
Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or (ii) would
reasonably be expected to prevent the Company from consummating the
Merger or prevent the Company from performing its obligations under
this Agreement; provided , however , that none of the
following shall constitute or be taken into account in determining
whether there has been or is a Company Material Adverse
Effect:
(A) events,
circumstances, developments, changes or effects in the economy or
financial markets generally in the United States or other countries
in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries conduct operations
or that are the result of acts of war or terrorism so long as such
events, circumstances, developments, changes or effects do not
adversely affect the Company or its Subsidiaries in a materially
disproportionate manner relative to participants in the
pharmaceutical industry or any industry in which the Company or its
Subsidiaries operate;
(B) events,
circumstances, developments, changes or effects that are the result
of factors generally affecting the pharmaceutical industry or any
industry in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate so long
as such events, circumstances, developments, changes or effects do
not adversely affect the Company or its Subsidiaries in a
materially disproportionate manner relative to participants in
either the pharmaceutical industry or any industry in which the
Company or its Subsidiaries operate, respectively;
(C) any
loss or threatened loss of, or adverse change or threatened adverse
change in, the relationship of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries with its customers, employees, financing sources or
vendors caused by the pendency or the announcement of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement;
(D) events,
circumstances, developments, changes or effects arising from the
entry into, actions contemplated by or the performance of
obligations required by this Agreement, including any litigation or
other proceeding arising therefrom, and any actions taken by the
Company and its Subsidiaries to obtain approval under applicable
antitrust or competition laws for consummation of the
Merger;
(E) changes
in any Laws or U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
(“ GAAP ”), or interpretation thereof
after the date hereof;
(F) any
failure by the Company to meet any estimates of revenues or
earnings for any period ending on or after June 30, 2008,
provided that the exception in this clause shall not prevent
or otherwise affect a determination that any change, effect,
circumstance or development underlying such failure has resulted
in, or contributed to, a Company Material Adverse
Effect;
(G) a
decline in the price or trading volume of the Company’s
voting common stock, provided that the exception in this
clause shall not prevent or otherwise affect a determination that
any change, effect, circumstance or development underlying such
decline has resulted in, or contributed to, a Company Material
Adverse Effect; and
(H) events,
circumstances, developments, changes or effects arising out of
compliance by any of the parties with Section 6.16.
(i) The authorized
capital stock of the Company consists of 60,000,000 shares of
stock, of which 50,000,000 shares are classified as voting common
stock, par value $0.01 per share; 5,000,000 shares are classified
as non-voting common stock, par value $0.01 per share, none of
which were outstanding as of the date hereof; and 5,000,000 shares
are classified as preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, none
of which were outstanding as of the date
hereof. 13,349,095 Shares were outstanding as of the
close of business on July 6, 2009. All of the
outstanding Shares have been duly authorized and are validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable. As of July 6,
2009, other than (i) 1,950,000 Shares reserved for issuance under
the 2001 Equity Incentive Plan and 2004 Long Term Incentive Plan
(collectively, the “ Stock Plans ”), (ii)
1,471,900 Shares subject to issuance upon the exercise of the
warrants listed on Section 5.1(b)(i) of the Company Disclosure
Letter (the “ Warrants ”), the Company
has no Shares reserved for issuance. Section 5.1(b)(i)
of the Company Disclosure Letter contains a correct and complete
list of Warrants and options and restricted stock outstanding under
the Stock Plans in each case as of the date hereof, including the
holder, date of grant, term, number of Shares and, where
applicable, exercise price. Each of the outstanding
shares of capital stock or other equity securities of each of the
Company’s Subsidiaries is duly authorized, validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable and, except as would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Company
Material Adverse Effect, owned by the Company or by a direct or
indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the Company, free and clear of
any lien, charge, pledge, security interest, claim or other
encumbrance (each, a “ Lien
”).
(ii) There are no
preemptive rights that obligate the Company or any of its
Significant Subsidiaries to issue or sell any shares of capital
stock or other equity securities of the Company or any of its
Significant Subsidiaries. There are no other outstanding
rights, options, warrants, conversion rights, stock appreciation
rights, redemption rights, repurchase rights, agreements,
arrangements, calls, commitments or rights of any kind that
obligate the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries to
issue or sell any shares of capital stock or other equity
securities of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or
any securities or obligations convertible or exchangeable into or
exercisable for, or giving any Person a right to subscribe for or
acquire, any equity securities of the Company or any of its
Significant Subsidiaries, and no securities or obligations
evidencing such rights are authorized, issued or outstanding, in
each case except for the Warrants and the Company
Options. Upon any issuance of any Shares in accordance
with the terms of the Stock Plans or Warrants, as applicable, such
Shares will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable and free and clear of any Liens. The
Company does not have outstanding any bonds, debentures or other
obligations the holders of which have the right to vote (or
convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right to
vote) with the stockholders of the Company on any
matter. For purposes of this Agreement, a wholly owned
Subsidiary of the Company shall include any Subsidiary of the
Company all of the shares of capital stock of which are owned by
the Company (or a wholly owned Subsidiary of the
Company).
(iii) Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary owns an equity interest in any entity,
or an interest convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for
an equity interest, constituting 50% or less of the total
outstanding amount of the equity interests of such entity
(collectively, the “ Investments
”).
(c) Corporate
Authority; Approval and Fairness .
(i) The Company has
all requisite corporate power and authority and (assuming the
representations of Parent and Merger Sub set forth in Section
5.2(i) are true and correct) has taken all corporate action
necessary in order to execute and deliver this Agreement and,
subject only to the approval of the Merger by (A) the holders of at
least a majority of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote on such
matter at a stockholders’ meeting duly called and held for
such purpose (the “ Maryland Law Vote ”)
and (B) a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding
Shares entitled to vote on such matter at a stockholders’
meeting duly called and held for such purpose, not including for
purposes of this clause (B) any votes cast by Parent, Merger Sub or
any Interested Party (the “ Neutralized Vote
” and, together with the Maryland Law Vote, the “
Company Requisite Vote ”), to perform its
obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the
Merger. This Agreement has been duly executed and
delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and binding
agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in
accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency,
fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar Laws of
general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’
rights and to general equity principles (the “
Bankruptcy and Equity Exception
”). For purposes of this Section 5.1(c)(i),
“ Interested Party ” means (i) Andrew Baker,
(ii) any Person who beneficially owns Shares, if any, that has
entered into an agreement, arrangement or understanding with Parent
or Merger Sub or any of their respective affiliates to (x) provide
equity financing for the Merger or (B) vote or give any consents
(or withhold any such votes or consents) with respect to any Shares
in respect of the Merger or any similar transaction and (iii) any
officer, director, partner, member or employee of Parent or Merger
Sub.
(ii) The (A) board of
directors of the Company has (I) determined that the Merger is in
the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, approved
and declared advisable this Agreement and the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby and resolved to recommend approval
of the Merger to the holders of Shares (the “ Company
Recommendation ”), and (II) subject to the terms of
this Agreement, directed that the Merger be submitted to the
holders of Shares for their approval at a stockholders’
meeting duly called and held for such purpose and (B) special
committee of the board of directors of the Company has received the
opinion of its financial advisor to the effect that, based on and
subject to the various assumptions, matters considered and
limitations described in such opinion, the Per Share Merger
Consideration to be received by the holders of Shares (other than
Parent, any Interested Parties and their respective affiliates) in
the Merger is fair from a financial point of view, as of the date
of such opinion, to such holders. It is agreed and
understood that such opinion is for the benefit of the special
committee of the Company’s board of directors and may not be
relied on by Parent or Merger Sub.
(d) Governmental
Filings; No Violations; Certain Contracts .
(i) Other than the
filings and/or notices (A) pursuant to Section 1.3, (B) under the
Exchange Act, including the filing of the Proxy Statement and a
Schedule 13E-3 regarding the transactions contemplated hereby (such
schedule, including any amendment or supplement thereto, the
“ Schedule 13E-3 ”) and (C) under the
rules of NYSE Arca (collectively, the “ Company
Approvals ”), no notices, reports or other filings
are required to be made by the Company with, nor are any consents,
registrations, approvals, permits or authorizations required to be
obtained by the Company from, any Governmental Entity in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by
the Company and the consummation of the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby, except those that the failure to
make or obtain would not, individually or in the aggregate, be
reasonably expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect or
materially impair the consummation of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement. The term “ Governmental
Entity ” means each U.S. domestic or foreign
governmental or regulatory authority, agency, commission, body,
court or other legislative, executive or judicial governmental
entity (including each and every federal, state, local or foreign
court, authority, agency, commission, body or other legislative,
executive or judicial governmental entity with jurisdiction over
enforcement of any applicable antitrust or competition Laws (each a
“ Government Antitrust Entity
”)). Section 5.1(d)(i) of the Company Disclosure
Letter sets forth a true and correct list of all consents and
waivers required in respect of any Contract as a result of the
Merger (the “ Required Consents
”).
(ii) The execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company do not,
and the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions
contemplated hereby will not, constitute or result in (A) a breach
or violation of, or a default under, the charter or bylaws of the
Company or the comparable governing instruments of any of its
Significant Subsidiaries, (B) with or without notice, lapse of time
or both, a breach or violation of, a termination (or right of
termination) or a default under, the creation or acceleration of
any obligations or the creation of a Lien on any of the assets of
the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries pursuant to, any
Contract binding upon the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (C)
assuming compliance with the matters referred to in Section
5.l(d)(i), a violation of any Laws to which the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries is subject, except, in the case of clause (B) or
(C) above, for any such breach, violation, termination, default,
creation, acceleration or change that, individually or in the
aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Company
Material Adverse Effect or prevent or materially impair
the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. The term “ Contract
” means any agreement, lease, license, contract, note,
mortgage, indenture or other document to which the Company or any
Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or a Subsidiary or
any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound (I)
not otherwise terminable by the other party thereto on sixty (60)
days’ or less notice and which involves payments to or from
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of $1.0 million or more in
the aggregate during any year; (II) on which the business of the
Company and its Subsidiaries is materially dependent; (III) between
the Company or a Subsidiary and any affiliate thereof (excluding
the Company or any other Subsidiary) of the type that would be
required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K (“
Regulation S-K ”) promulgated by the SEC; (IV)
which, if breached, violated or terminated, would reasonably be
expected to result in a Company Material Adverse Effect; (V) which
relates to or evidences Specified Indebtedness (including any
guarantee (to the extent such guarantee itself constitutes
Specified Indebtedness) of Specified Indebtedness of any third
party other than a wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Company) with
respect to which $1.0 million or more in principal is outstanding
individually with respect to such Specified Indebtedness; and (VI)
which is required to be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of
Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. The term “
Specified Indebtedness ” means all items
constituting Indebtedness under clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (v),
(vi), (vii) and (ix) (but limited in the case of clause (ix) to
guarantees of items otherwise constituting Specified Indebtedness
as defined herein) of the definition of “Indebtedness”
in the Financing Agreement (as in effect on the date
thereof).
(iii) As of the date
hereof and as of the Closing Date, no Default (as defined in the
Financing Agreement (the “ Financing Agreement
”) dated as of March 1, 2006 among a Subsidiary of the
Company, as borrower, the Company, as guarantor, the other
guarantors named therein and the lenders from time to time party
thereto, as in effect on the date hereof) under Section 9.01(a),
(g) or (k) of the Financing Agreement or Event of Default (as
defined in the Financing Agreement as in effect on the date hereof)
has occurred and is continuing.
(e) Company
Reports; Financial Statements .
(i) The Company has
filed or furnished, as applicable, on a timely basis all statements
and reports required to be filed or furnished by it with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC
”) under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “ Securities Act ”), since
December 31, 2007 (the “ Applicable Date
”) (the statements and reports filed or furnished since the
Applicable Date and those filed or furnished subsequent to the date
hereof, including any amendments thereto, the “ Company
Reports ”). Each of the Company Reports,
at the time of its filing or being furnished, complied or, if not
yet filed or furnished, will comply as to form in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and
the Exchange Act, and any rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder applicable to the Company Reports, except in each case
with respect to such exemptions granted or afforded to the Company
or its Subsidiaries by the SEC or its staff in connection with
confidentiality arrangements. As of their respective
dates (or, if amended prior to the date hereof, as of the date of
such amendment), the Company Reports did not, and any Company
Reports filed or furnished with the SEC subsequent to the date
hereof will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements made therein (except in each case
with respect to any redactions and omissions permitted to be made
by the Company pursuant to confidentiality arrangements granted or
afforded to the Company or its Subsidiaries by the SEC or its
staff), in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not
misleading.
(ii) Each of the
consolidated balance sheets included in or incorporated by
reference into the Company Reports filed by the Company with the
SEC on or prior to the date hereof (including the related notes and
schedules) fairly presents in all material respects the
consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated
Subsidiaries as of its date, and each of the consolidated
statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows
included in or incorporated by reference into the Company Reports
filed by the Company with the SEC on or prior to the date hereof
(including any related notes and schedules) fairly presents in all
material respects the consolidated results of operations, retained
earnings and changes in financial position, as the case may be, of
the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries for the periods set
forth therein (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to
notes and year-end adjustments), in each case in accordance with
GAAP, except as may be noted therein.
(iii) Except as and to
the extent set forth on the consolidated balance sheets of the
Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at December 31, 2008
or March 31, 2009, included in the Company’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 or the
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended March 31, 2009, as applicable, neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary has any liability or obligation of any nature
(whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise), except for
liabilities and obligations (i) incurred in the ordinary course of
business and in a manner consistent with past practice since March
31, 2009, (ii) incurred in connection with the Merger or any other
transaction or agreement contemplated by this Agreement or (iii)
that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
(iv) (A) As of the date
hereof and at the Closing Date (but prior to the Merger), the
Company and its Subsidiaries shall have no outstanding Specified
Indebtedness other than (w) not more than $56.0 million in
principal amount of the loans outstanding under the
Financing Agreement, (x) the Indebtedness and obligations under the
Alconbury Leases (as defined in the Financing Agreement as of the
date hereof) and (y) other Specified Indebtedness not to exceed
$4.5 million in the aggregate; (B) as of the date hereof, the
aggregate amount of cash and cash equivalents of the Company and
its direct and indirect wholly-owned Subsidiaries (as determined in
accordance with GAAP), is not less than $34.0 million; and (C) as
of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (but immediately
prior to the Merger), Qualified Cash of the Loan Parties (each as
defined under the Financing Agreement as in effect on the date
hereof) shall be no less than $20,000,000. For purposes
of this Section 5.1(e)(iv), (x) with respect to any assets or
liabilities denominated in UK pound sterling, all amounts expressed
in US dollars shall mean the equivalent amount in UK pound sterling
using the current exchange rate between US dollars and UK pound
sterling in effect on the date hereof; and (y) no guarantee of
Specified Indebtedness shall be included in the calculation of
Specified Indebtedness if the underlying Specified Indebtedness
subject to such guarantee is itself included in such
calculation.
(v) The Company
maintains disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule
13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act.
(f) Absence of
Certain Changes . Since March 31, 2009, except for
matters expressly contemplated by this Agreement, the Company and
its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses only
in, and have not engaged in any material transaction other than
according to, the ordinary course of such businesses and there has
not been:
(i) any change in the
financial condition, properties, assets, liabilities, business or
results of their operations that, individually or in the aggregate,
has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Company Material
Adverse Effect;
(ii) any material
damage, destruction or other casualty loss with respect to any
material asset or property owned or leased by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, to the extent not covered by insurance, that,
individually or in the aggregate, has had or would reasonably be
expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect;
(iii) any declaration,
setting aside or payment of any dividend or other distribution with
respect to any shares of capital stock of the Company;
(iv) any material
change in any method of accounting or accounting practice by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries; or
(v) any commitment
made by the Company or any agreement entered into by the Company in
each case requiring the Company to take any action that would be
prohibited by Section 6.1(a) hereof if taken after the date
hereof.
(i) As of the date of
this Agreement, there are no civil, criminal or administrative
actions, suits, claims, hearings, arbitrations, investigations or
other proceedings pending (in which service of process has been
received by an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary) or, to
the Knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, which, individually or in the aggregate, would
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
is a party to or subject to the provisions of any judgment, order,
writ, injunction, decree or award of any Governmental Entity which,
individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to
have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
The term “ Knowledge ”
when used in this Agreement with respect to the Company shall mean
the knowledge of those Persons set forth in Section 5.1(g) of the
Company Disclosure Letter (after reasonable inquiry by such Persons
of other Persons that might reasonably be expected to have
knowledge of the subject matter).
(i) For purposes of
this Agreement, “Benefit Plans” means all benefit and
compensation plans, contracts, policies or arrangements covering
current or former employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries
(the “ Employees ”) and current or former
directors or independent contractors of the Company and its
Subsidiaries under which there is or may be a continuing financial
obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary, including
“employee benefit plans” within the meaning of Section
3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended (“ ERISA ”), and deferred
compensation, severance, vacation, stock option, stock purchase,
stock appreciation rights, stock based, incentive and bonus plans,
other than Benefit Plans maintained outside of the United States
primarily for the benefit of the Employees working outside of the
United States (such plans hereinafter being referred to as “
Non-U.S. Benefit Plans ”). All
material Benefit Plans are listed on Schedule 5.1(h)(i) of the
Company Disclosure Letter, and each Benefit Plan that has received
a favorable determination or opinion letter from the Internal
Revenue Service (the “ IRS ”) has been
separately identified. True and complete copies of the
following have been made available to Parent: (i) all Benefit Plans
listed on Schedule 5.1(h)(i) of the Company Disclosure Letter, (ii)
each trust or funding arrangement prepared in connection with each
such Benefit Plan, (iii) the most recently filed annual report on
IRS Form 5500 for each Benefit Plan for which such reports are
required, (iv) the most recently received IRS determination letter
for each Benefit Plan for which such a determination letter has
been received, (v) the most recently prepared actuarial report for
each Benefit Plan for which such a report is required, (vi) the
most recent summary plan description and any summaries of material
modification for each Benefit Plan, and (vii) any employee
handbooks.
(ii) All Benefit Plans,
other than “multiemployer plans” within the meaning of
Section 3(37) of ERISA (each, a “ Multiemplover
Plan ”) and Non-U.S. Benefit Plans (collectively,
“ U.S. Benefit Plans ”), are in
substantial compliance with ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the “ Code ”), and
other applicable Laws. Each U.S. Benefit Plan which is
subject to ERISA (an “ ERISA Plan ”) and
that is an “employee pension benefit plan” within the
meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA (a “ Pension
Plan ”) intended to be qualified under Section 401(a)
of the Code, has received a favorable determination or opinion
letter from the IRS or has applied to the IRS for such favorable
determination or opinion letter under Section 401(b) of the Code,
and the Company is not aware of any circumstances likely to result
in the loss of the qualification of such Pension Plan under Section
401(a) of the Code. Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has engaged in a transaction that could subject the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries to a tax or penalty imposed by
either Section 4975 of the Code or Section 502(i) of ERISA in an
amount that, individually or in the aggregate, has had or would
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
(iii) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has or is expected to incur any
material liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to any
ongoing, frozen or terminated “single-employer plan,”
within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(15) of ERISA, currently or
formerly maintained or contributed to by any of them, or the
single-employer plan of, or contributed to by, any entity which is
considered one employer with the Company or a Subsidiary under
Section 4001 of ERISA or Section 414 of the Code (an “
ERISA Affiliate ”). At no time since
December 31 2002, has the Company, a Subsidiary or any ERISA
Affiliate, been required to contribute to a Multiemployer
Plan. Neither the Company, a Subsidiary nor any ERISA
Affiliate has incurred any withdrawal liability, within the meaning
of Section 4201 of ERISA to any Multiemployer Plan nor does the
Company, a Subsidiary or any ERISA Affiliate have any potential
withdrawal liability arising from a transaction described in
Section 4204 of ERISA. Neither the Company, a Subsidiary
nor any ERISA Affiliate has failed to satisfy the minimum funding
standards (within the meaning of Section 412 or 430 of the Code)
with respect to any employee pension benefit plan (within the
meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA) or has any liability for unpaid
contributions with respect to any such plan. For the
avoidance of doubt, this Section 5.1(h)(iii) does not apply to
Non-U.S. Benefit Plans.
(iv) There is no
material pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened
litigation relating to the Benefit Plans, other than routine claims
for benefits. No material administrative investigation,
audit or other administrative proceeding by the Department of
Labor, the Internal Revenue Service, Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation or other Governmental Entity is pending or, to the
Knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(v) All Non-U.S.
Benefit Plans comply in all material respects with applicable
Law. All material Non-U.S. Benefit Plans are listed on
Schedule 5.1(h)(v) of the Company Disclosure
Letter. Each of the material Non-U.S. Benefit Plans has
obtained from the government or governments having jurisdiction
with respect to such plan any material required determinations that
such plans are in compliance with the laws and regulations of any
government. Since January 1, 2003, each material
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan has been administered at all times, in all
material respects, in accordance with its terms. The
transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any
accelerated or additional funding obligation with respect to any
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan.
(vi) No payment which
is or may be made by, from or with respect to any Benefit Plan, to
any employee, former employee, director or agent of the Company, a
Subsidiary or any ERISA Affiliate, either alone or in conjunction
with any other payment, event or occurrence, will or could properly
be characterized as an “excess parachute payment” under
Section 280G of the Code. No Benefit Plan exists that
would reasonably be expected to result in the payment to any
Employee, director or independent contractor of the Company or any
Subsidiary of any money or other property, result in a requirement
to fund or accelerate funding of any trust or other account or
plan, result in the forgiveness of indebtedness or accelerate or
provide any other rights or benefits (including the acceleration of
the accrual or vesting of any benefits under any Benefit Plan or
the acceleration or creation of any rights under any severance,
parachute or change in control agreement or the right to receive
any transaction bonus or other similar payment) to any Employee,
director or independent contractor of the Company or any Subsidiary
as a result of the consummation of the Merger or any other
transaction contemplated by this Agreement (whether alone or in
connection with any other event).
(vii) No Benefit Plan
(other than the UK Pension Plan) provides post-termination or
retiree medical benefits, and neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has any obligation to provide any post-termination or
retiree medical benefits other than, in each case, for health care
continuation as required by Section 4980B of the Code or any
similar statute. The term “ UK Pension
Plan ” when used in this Agreement means The LSR
Pension and Life Assurance Scheme, which is provided in the United
Kingdom under a Trust Deed and Rules dated December 14, 2001, as
amended.
Notwithstanding any other representation or
warranty in Article V of this Agreement, the representations and
warranties contained in this Section 5.1(h) and in Section 5.1(m)
shall constitute the sole representations and warranties of the
Company relating to employee benefit matters and labor
relations.
(i) Compliance with
Laws; Licenses .
(A) The
businesses of each of the Company and its Subsidiaries have not
been since the Applicable Date, and are not being, conducted in
material violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law,
statute or ordinance, common law, standard, or any rule,
regulation, judgment, order, writ, injunction, decree, arbitration
award, agency requirement, license or permit of any Governmental
Entity (collectively, “ Laws
”). Except with respect to regulatory matters
described in Sections 5.1(d)(i) or 6.5, no investigation or review
by any Governmental Entity with respect to the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries is pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company,
threatened, except for those the outcome of which are not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably expected to have a
Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its
Subsidiaries each has obtained and is in material compliance with
all material permits, certifications, approvals, registrations,
consents, authorizations, franchises, variances, exemptions and
orders issued or granted by a Governmental Entity (“
Licenses ”) necessary to conduct its business
as presently conducted. Since December 31, 2006, the
Company has not received any written notice from any Governmental
Entity requiring the termination or suspension or material
modification of any animal study, preclinical study or clinical
trial conducted by or on behalf of the Company and its
Subsidiaries.
(B) The
Company has disclosed, based on its management’s most recent
evaluation of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee
of the board of directors of the Company and, to the extent
required to be disclosed therein, in its reports under the Exchange
Act (i) any identified significant deficiencies and material
weaknesses (as such terms are defined by the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard No. 2) and
(ii) any fraud of which the Company has Knowledge that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role in the
Company’s internal controls over financial
reporting. To the extent any such disclosure was made,
the Company has made available to Parent a summary of such
disclosure.
(C) To
the Knowledge of the Company, since December 31, 2006, the Company
has not received any adverse complaint, allegation, assertion or
claim in writing from its auditors or the SEC regarding the
accounting practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of the
Company or its internal control over financial
reporting.
(j) Takeover
Statutes . Assuming that the representations of
Parent and Merger Sub set forth in Section 5.2(i) are true and
correct, the board of directors of the Company has taken all
necessary actions to render the provisions of any “fair
price,” “moratorium,” “control share
acquisition” or any other state anti-takeover or similar
statute, including Subtitles 6 and 7 of Title 3 of the MGCL
(collectively, “ Takeover Statutes ”),
inapplicable to this Agreement, the Merger and the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
(k) Environmental
Matters .
(i) Except for such
matters that, individually or in the aggregate, would not
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect:
(A) the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all
applicable Environmental Laws; (B) the Company and its Subsidiaries
possess all permits, licenses, registrations, identification
numbers, authorizations and approvals required under applicable
Environmental Law for the operation of their respective businesses
as presently conducted; (C) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has received any written claim, notice of violation or
citation or notice of potential responsibility concerning any
violation or alleged violation of or alleged or potential liability
under any applicable Environmental Law during the past two years;
(D) there are no writs, injunctions, decrees, orders or judgments
outstanding, or any actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to
the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, concerning compliance by
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with, or liability of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries under, any Environmental Laws;
and (E) to the Knowledge of the Company, there has been no Release
of Materials of Environmental Concern at, on, under or from any of
the properties or facilities currently or formerly owned, leased or
operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case
which could reasonably be expected to result in material liability
to the Company or its Subsidiaries under Environmental
Law.
(ii) Notwithstanding
any other representation or warranty in Article V of this
Agreement, the representations and warranties contained in this
Section 5.1(k) constitute the sole representations and warranties
of the Company relating to any Environmental Law.
As used herein, the term “
Environmental Law ” means any applicable law,
regulation, code, license, permit, order, judgment, decree or
injunction from any Governmental Entity (A) concerning pollution,
the protection of the environment, (including ambient air, indoor
air, water, soil and natural resources) or (B) the Release or
threat of Release of any Materials of Environmental Concern, in
each case as presently in effect.
As used herein, the term “ Materials of
Environmental Concern” means any substance, chemical,
waste, material, pollutant, contaminant, compound or constituent in
any form, including petroleum, friable asbestos, friable
asbestos-containing material, and polychlorinated biphenyls
regulated or which could reasonably be expected to give rise to
liability under applicable Environmental Laws.
As used herein, the term “
Release ” means any release, spill, emission,
leaking, pumping, emitting, discharging, injecting, escaping,
leaching, dumping, disposing or migrating into or through the
environment, or within or from any structure or
facility.
(i) (A) The Company
and each of its Subsidiaries (1) have prepared in good faith and
timely filed (taking into account any extension of time within
which to file) all Tax Returns required to be filed on or before
the Closing by any of them and all such filed Tax Returns are
complete and accurate, except where failure to so prepare or file
Tax Returns, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably
be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect, (2) have
paid all Taxes that are required to be paid or that the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries are obligated to withhold from amounts
owing to any employee, creditor or third party, except where
failure to so pay or withhold, individually or in the aggregate,
would not reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect, (3) have established adequate reserves in accordance with
GAAP for all Taxes not yet due and payable, (4) have not waived any
statute of limitations with respect to any Taxes or agreed to any
extension of time with respect to any Tax assessment or deficiency
and (5) have no liability for the Taxes of any Person (other than
any of the Subsidiaries of the Company) under Treas. Reg. Section
1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local, or foreign
law), or as a transferee or successor, (B) to the Company’s
Knowledge, there are no circumstances in existence on the date
hereof which would cause the disallowance of the carry forward of
any material trading losses of any Subsidiary of the Company under
Schedule 20 of the Finance Act 2000, and (C) except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect, all material claims by any
Subsidiary of the Company for research and development relief or
for a research and development tax credit under and within the
meaning of Schedule 20 to the Finance Act 2000 have been duly made
on a proper basis within any applicable time limits and HM Revenue
& Customs have not disputed or challenged any
Subsidiary’s entitlement to make any such claim and/or the
amount of any such clam. To the Company’s
Knowledge, any material expenditure by any Subsidiary of the
Company which has been included in such a claim constitutes a
“qualifying expenditure” for the purposes of Schedule
20 of the Finance Act 2000.
(ii) As of the date
hereof, there are not pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company,
threatened in writing, any audits, examinations, investigations or
other proceedings in respect of Taxes or Tax matters of the
Company. The Company has made available to Parent true
and correct copies of the United States federal income Tax Returns
filed by the Company and its Subsidiaries for each of the fiscal
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
(iii) Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to any indemnification,
allocation or sharing agreement relating principally to
Taxes.
As used in this Agreement, (A) the term “
Tax ” (including, with correlative meaning, the
term “ Taxes ”) shall mean all federal,
state, local and foreign income, profits, franchise, gross
receipts, environmental, customs duty, capital stock, severances,
stamp, payroll, sales, employment, unemployment, disability, use,
property, withholding, excise, production, value added, occupancy
and other taxes, duties or assessments of any nature whatsoever,
together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed with
respect to such amounts and any interest in respect of such
penalties and additions, and (B) the term “ Tax
Return ” includes all returns and reports (including
elections, declarations, disclosures, schedules, estimates and
information returns) required to be supplied to a Tax authority
relating to Taxes.
(i) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or otherwise
bound by any collective bargaining agreement or other Contract with
a labor union, trade union, works council or other labor
organization (a “ CBA ”), nor is the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries the subject of any material
proceeding asserting that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has committed an unfair labor practice or seeking to compel it to
bargain with any labor union or labor organization nor is there
pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, nor has
there been since the Applicable Date, any labor strike, walk-out,
work stoppage or lockout involving the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries. The Company and its Subsidiaries are
in compliance with all applicable Laws pertaining to the hiring,
employment and termination of the employment of employees, labor
relations, equal employment opportunities, fair employment
practices, terms and conditions of employment, hours of work and
payment of wages or compensation, and granting of leaves of
absences, except for such non-compliance which would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(ii) Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to or bound by in respect of
any of its directors or any employees employed in the United
Kingdom (the “ UK Employees ”) any
arrangement for the making of any redundancy payments in addition
to statutory redundancy pay;
(iii) No proceeding is
outstanding between the Company or any Subsidiary and any current
or former UK Employee relating to his or her employment or its
termination and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred
any actual or contingent liability in connection with any
termination of employment of any UK Employees (including redundancy
payments) or for failure to comply with any order for the
reinstatement or re-engagement of any UK Employee, except for such
proceedings, liabilities and other matters which would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect;
(iv) The Merger and
compliance by the Company with the terms of this Agreement will not
enable any UK Employees to receive any material payment or other
benefit as a result of the consummation of the Merger;
(v) There are no
material proceedings against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
in any court of competent jurisdiction, in each case in relation to
any UK Employee or former UK Employee and, to the Company’s
Knowledge, no such material proceedings have been threatened and
neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has current material
disciplinary investigations, proceedings or appeals in respect of
any UK Employee or any former UK Employee and no UK Employee has
given the Company or any Subsidiary written notice of a material
grievance which remains unresolved; and
(vi) In the last three
years, to the Knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has been a party to a relevant transfer (as defined in
the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations
2006) as a result of which any UK Employee has become an employee
of the Company or any Subsidiary which could, individually or in
the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Company
Material Adverse Effect.
Notwithstanding any other representation or
warranty in Article V of this Agreement, the representations and
warranties contained in this Section 5.1(m) and in Section 5.1(h)
constitute the sole representations and warranties of the Company
relating to labor relations and employee benefit
matters.
(n) Intellectual
Property .
(i) To the Knowledge
of the Company, (A) the Company and its Subsidiaries have valid
rights to use all Intellectual Property used in its business as
presently conducted, and (B) all of such rights shall survive
unchanged the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, except in each case as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Company Material
Adverse Effect. No material claim is pending or, to the
Knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or its
Subsidiaries concerning the ownership, validity, enforceability,
infringement or use of any Intellectual Property which,
individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to
result in a Company Material Adverse Effect. To the Knowledge of
the Company, no person has engaged in any activity that has
infringed upon material Intellectual Property owned by the Company
and its Subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor its
Subsidiaries has exclusively licensed any Intellectual Property
owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(ii) Section 5.1(n) of
the Company Disclosure Schedules sets forth a true and complete
list of all (i) registered trademarks, service marks, trade dress,
and domain names, and applications to register the foregoing, (ii)
copyright registrations and applications, and (iii) patents and
patent applications, in each case which are currently owned by the
Company and its Subsidiaries (collectively, “ Scheduled
Intellectual Property ”). All prosecution,
maintenance, renewal and other similar fees for the Scheduled
Intellectual Property have been paid and are current, and all
registrations and applications therefor remain in full force and
effect.
(iii) To the Knowledge
of the Company, the Company and its Subsidiaries use Intellectual
Property under license from third parties only pursuant to valid,
effective written license agreements (collectively, the “
Third Party Licenses ”).
(iv) The Company and
its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable actions to
protect, preserve and maintain its material Intellectual Property
and to maintain the confidentiality and secrecy of and restrict the
improper use of material confidential information, trade secrets
and proprietary information under applicable Law. To the
Knowledge of the Company, (i) there has been no unauthorized
disclosure of any material confidential information, trade secrets
or proprietary information of the Company or any Subsidiary, and
(ii) there has been no material breach of the Company’s or
any Subsidiary’s security procedures wherein any material
Company or Subsidiary confidential information, trade secrets or
proprietary information has been disclosed to a third
Person.
(v) For purposes of
this Agreement, the following term has the following
meaning:
“ Intellectual Property
” means all (A) trademarks, service marks, certification
marks, collective marks, Internet domain names, logos, trade dress,
trade names, corporate names, and other indicia of origin, all
applications and registrations for the foregoing, and all goodwill
associated therewith and symbolized thereby, including all renewals
of same; (B) inventions and discoveries, and all patents,
registrations, invention disclosures and applications therefor,
including divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part and
renewal applications, and including renewals, extensions and
reissues; (C) confidential information, trade secrets and know-how;
and (D) published and unpublished works of authorship, copyrights
therein and thereto, computer software, rights in data, databases,
and registrations and applications therefor, and all renewals,
extensions, restorations and reversions thereof, and (E) all
similar rights, however denominated, throughout the
world.
(vi) Notwithstanding
any other representation or warranty in Article V of this
Agreement, the representations and warranties contained in this
Section 5.1(n) constitute the sole representations and warranties
of the Company relating to Intellectual Property related
matters.
(o) Insurance
. All material fire and casualty, general liability and
business interruption insurance policies maintained by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries (“ Insurance
Policies ”) are in full force and effect and all
premiums due with respect to all Insurance Policies have been paid,
with such exceptions that, individually or in the aggregate, would
not reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
(p) Real
Property . Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries owns any real property. The Company or its
Subsidiaries lease, as lessee, all of the real properties
(including all improvements thereon) listed in Section
5.1(p) of the Company Disclosure Letter (the “
Company Leases ”).
(q) Contracts
. (i) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
is, and to the Company’s Knowledge, no counterparty is, in
violation of or default under any Contract, except in each case for
violations that would not individually or in the aggregate
reasonably be expected to result in a Company Material Adverse
Effect; (ii) none of the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has
received any written claim of default under any Contract or any
written notice of an intention to terminate, not renew or challenge
the validity or enforceability of any Contract which would,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect and (iii) to the
Company’s Knowledge, no event has occurred or condition
exists which would result in or constitute a breach, violation or
default of, or a basis for force majeure under, any Contract
(in each case, with or without notice or lapse of time or both),
except for any breach, violation, default or basis which would not
individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to result
in a Company Material Adverse Effect. A true and
complete list of the Contracts in effect on the date hereof is set
forth in Section 5.1(q) of the Company Disclosure
Letter, except for Contracts filed as exhibits to filings made with
the SEC (or incorporated by reference therein) (subject to any
redactions and omissions permitted to be made by the Company or
Parent pursuant to confidentiality arrangements granted or afforded
to the Company or its Subsidiaries by the SEC or its
staff).
(r) Related Party
Matters
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