Exhibit 2.1
EXECUTION COPY
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
among
TRIARC
COMPANIES, INC.,
GREEN
MERGER SUB, INC.
and
WENDY’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Dated
as of April 23, 2008
Table of Contents
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ARTICLE I THE
MERGER
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Section 1.1
The Merger
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Section 1.2
Closing
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Section 1.3
Effective Time
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Section 1.4
Effects of the Merger
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Section 1.5
Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations of the Surviving
Corporation
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Section 1.6
Directors
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Section 1.7
Officers
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ARTICLE II
CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
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Section 2.1
Effect of Merger on Capital Stock of Wendy’s and Merger
Sub
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Section 2.2
Exchange of Certificates
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ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF WENDY’S
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Section 3.1
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
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Section 3.2
Capital Stock
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Section 3.3
Corporate Authority; No Violation
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Section 3.4
Reports and Financial Statements
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Section 3.5
Internal Controls and Procedures
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Section 3.6
No Undisclosed Liabilities
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Section 3.7
Compliance with Law; Permits
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Section 3.8
Environmental Laws and Regulations
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Section 3.9
Employee Benefit Plans
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Section 3.10
Absence of Certain Changes or Events
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Section 3.11
Investigations; Litigation
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Section 3.12
Proxy Statement; Other Information
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Section 3.13
Tax Matters
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Section 3.14
Employee Relations Matters
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Section 3.15
Intellectual Property
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Section 3.16
Real Property
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Section 3.17
Opinion of Financial Advisor
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Section 3.18
Required Vote of Wendy’s Shareholders
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Section 3.19
Takeover Statutes; Shareholder Rights Plan
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Section 3.20
Material Contracts
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Section 3.21
Franchise Matters
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Section 3.22
Wendy’s Joint Ventures
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Section 3.23
Finders or Brokers
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Section 3.24
Insurance
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Section 3.25
Affiliate Transactions
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Section 3.26
Unrestricted Cash
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ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF TRIARC AND MERGER SUB
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Section 4.1
Qualification; Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
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Section 4.2
Corporate Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
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Section 4.3
Capital Stock
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Section 4.4
Reports and Financial Statements
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Section 4.5
Internal Controls and Procedures
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Section 4.6
No Undisclosed Liabilities
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Section 4.7
Compliance with Law; Permits
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Section 4.8
Environmental Laws and Regulations
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Section 4.9
Employee Benefit Plans
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Section 4.10
Absence of Certain Changes or Events
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Section 4.11
Investigations; Litigation
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Section 4.12
Proxy Statement; Other Information
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Section 4.13
Tax Matters
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Section 4.14
Employee Relations Matters
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Section 4.15
Intellectual Property
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Section 4.16
Real Property
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Section 4.17
Opinion of Financial Advisor
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Section 4.18
Intentionally omitted
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Section 4.19
Vote of Triarc Stockholders
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Section 4.20
Material Contracts
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Section 4.21
Franchise Matters
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Section 4.22
Triarc Joint Ventures
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Section 4.23
Finders or Brokers
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Section 4.24
Lack of Ownership of Common Shares
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Section 4.25
Insurance
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Section 4.26
Affiliate Transactions
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ARTICLE V CERTAIN
AGREEMENTS
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Section 5.1
Conduct of Business by Wendy’s and by Triarc
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Section 5.2
Investigation
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Section 5.3
No Solicitation
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Section 5.4
Filings; Other Actions
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Section 5.5
Stock Options and Other Share Based Awards; Employee Matters
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Section 5.6
Reasonable Best Efforts
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Section 5.7
Takeover Statute
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Section 5.8
Public Announcements
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Section 5.9
Indemnification and Insurance
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Section 5.10
Control of Operations
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Section 5.11
Intentionally omitted .
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Section 5.12
No Other Representations or Warranties
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Section 5.13
Rights Plan
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Section 5.14
Wendy’s Debt Obligations
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Section 5.15
Stock Exchange Listing
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Section 5.16
Tax Matters
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Section 5.17
Triarc Board; Ticker Symbol
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Section 5.18
Maintenance of Business Operations
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Section 5.19
Triarc Transaction Support
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ARTICLE VI
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
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Section 6.1
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the
Merger
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Section 6.2
Conditions to Obligation of Wendy’s to Effect the
Merger
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Section 6.3
Conditions to Obligation of Triarc to Effect the Merger
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Section 6.4
Frustration of Closing Conditions
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ARTICLE VII
TERMINATION
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Section 7.1
Termination and Abandonment
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Section 7.2
Effect of Termination
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ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
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Section 8.1
No Survival of Representations and Warranties
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Section 8.2
Expenses
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Section 8.3
Counterparts; Effectiveness
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Section 8.4
Governing Law
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Section 8.5
Jurisdiction; Enforcement
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Section 8.6
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
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Section 8.7
Notices
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Section 8.8
Assignment; Binding Effect
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Section 8.9
Severability
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Section 8.10
Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries
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Section 8.11
Amendments; Waivers
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Section 8.12
Headings
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Section 8.13
Interpretation
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Section 8.14
Definitions
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iv
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A – Form of Triarc Voting Agreement
Exhibit B – Form of Wendy’s Voting Agreement
Exhibit C – Articles of Incorporation of Merger Sub
Exhibit D – Code of Regulations of Merger Sub
Exhibit E – Triarc Charter Amendment
Exhibit F – Triarc Bylaw Amendment
v
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
, dated as of April 23, 2008 (this “ Agreement
”), among Triarc Companies, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(“ Triarc ”), Green Merger Sub, Inc. an Ohio
corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Triarc (“
Merger Sub ”), and Wendy’s International, Inc.,
an Ohio corporation (“ Wendy’s ”).
WHEREAS, pursuant to this Agreement,
in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Ohio General
Corporation Law (the “ OGCL ”), Merger Sub will
be merged with and into Wendy’s, with Wendy’s as the
surviving corporation (the “ Merger ,” and as a
result of the Merger, Wendy’s will become a direct
wholly-owned subsidiary of Triarc;
WHEREAS, it is intended for federal
income tax purposes that the Merger shall qualify as a
reorganization described in Section 368(a) of the United
States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “
Code ”);
WHEREAS, concurrently with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition to
Wendy’s willingness to enter into this Agreement,
(i) Nelson Peltz and Peter May, certain stockholders of
Triarc, have entered into a Voting Agreement, dated as of the date
of this Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit A hereto
(the “ Triarc Voting Agreement ”) pursuant to
which such stockholders have, among other things, agreed to vote
all of the shares of Class A Common Stock and Triarc
Class B Common Stock owned by such stockholders at such time
in favor of the Triarc Stockholder Approval Matters, and
(ii) certain shareholders of Wendy’s have entered into a
Voting Agreement, dated as of the date of this Agreement, in the
form attached as Exhibit B hereto (the “
Wendy’s Voting Agreement ”) pursuant to which
such shareholders have, among other things, agreed to vote all of
the Common Shares owned by such shareholders in favor of the
adoption of this Agreement and the Merger;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of
Wendy’s (the “ Board of Directors ”),
based on the unanimous recommendation of a special committee of
disinterested directors of Wendy’s (the “ Special
Committee ”), has unanimously (excluding abstensions)
(i) determined that it is in the best interests of
Wendy’s and its shareholders, and declared it advisable, to
enter into this Agreement, (ii) approved this Agreement and
authorized the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby, including the Merger and (iii) resolved to recommend
its adoption by the shareholders of Wendy’s;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of
Triarc (the “ Triarc Board of Directors ”) has
unanimously (i) determined that it is in the best interests of
Triarc and its stockholders, and declared it advisable, to enter
into this Agreement, (ii) declared the Triarc Charter
Amendment advisable, (iii) approved this Agreement and
authorized the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby, including the Merger and (iv) resolved to recommend
that the stockholders of Triarc approve the Triarc Stockholder
Approval Matters;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of
Merger Sub has unanimously (i) determined that it is in the
best interests of Merger Sub and its sole shareholder, and declared
it advisable, to enter into this Agreement, (ii) approved this
Agreement and authorized the execution, delivery and performance of
this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated
hereby,
including the Merger and (iii) resolved to recommend that the
sole shareholder of Merger Sub approve the Merger; and
WHEREAS, Triarc, Merger Sub and
Wendy’s desire to make certain representations, warranties
and agreements specified in this Agreement in connection with this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of
the foregoing and the representations, warranties and agreements
contained in this Agreement, and intending to be legally bound
hereby, Triarc, Merger Sub and Wendy’s agree as
follows:
ARTICLE I THE MERGER
Section 1.1
The Merger . At the Effective Time (as defined below), upon
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
OGCL, Merger Sub will be merged with and into Wendy’s,
whereupon the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will
cease, and Wendy’s will continue as the surviving corporation
of the Merger and as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Triarc.
Wendy’s in its capacity as the surviving corporation of the
Merger is sometimes referred to herein as the “ Surviving
Corporation ”.
Section 1.2
Closing . The closing of the Merger (the “
Closing ”) will take place at the offices of Paul,
Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, 1285 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, New York 10019 at 9:00 a.m., local
time, on a date to be specified by the parties (the “
Closing Date ”), which shall be the later of
(x) the second Business Day after the Dissenters Determination
Date and (y) the second Business Day after the satisfaction or
waiver (to the extent waiver is permitted by applicable Law) of the
conditions set forth in Article VI (other than those
conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing,
but subject to the satisfaction or waiver (if legally permissible)
of those conditions) or at such other place, date and time as
Wendy’s and Triarc may agree in writing.
Section 1.3
Effective Time . On the Closing Date, immediately after the
Closing, the parties shall cause the Merger to be consummated by
executing and filing a certificate of merger (the “
Certificate of Merger ”) with the Secretary of State
of the State of Ohio and making all other filings or recordings
required under the OGCL in connection with the Merger. The Merger
shall become effective at such time as the Certificate of Merger is
duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Ohio, or at
such later date as the parties shall agree and as shall be set
forth in the Certificate of Merger (the time the Merger becomes
effective is referred to herein as the “ Effective
Time ”).
Section 1.4
Effects of the Merger . The effects of the Merger will be as
provided in this Agreement and in the applicable provisions of the
OGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, at the
Effective Time, all the assets and property of every description,
and every interest in the assets and property, wherever located,
and the rights, privileges, immunities, powers, franchises and
authority of Wendy’s and Merger Sub shall vest in the
Surviving Corporation, and all obligations of Wendy’s and
Merger Sub shall become the obligations of the Surviving
Corporation, all as provided in the OGCL and the other
applicable
2
Laws of
the State of Ohio. At and after the Effective Time, the officers
and directors of the Surviving Corporation will be authorized to
execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf of Wendy’s and
Merger Sub, any deeds, bills of sale, assignments or assurances and
to take and do, in the name and on behalf of Wendy’s and
Merger Sub, any other actions and things to vest, perfect or
confirm of record or otherwise in the Surviving Corporation any and
all right, title and interest in, to and under any of the
properties, assets or rights of Wendy’s and Merger Sub.
Section 1.5
Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations of the
Surviving Corporation .
(a) The articles of
incorporation of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the
Effective Time, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit C , shall be the articles of incorporation of
the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended in accordance
with the provisions thereof and this Agreement and applicable
Law.
(b) The code of regulations of
Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, in
the form attached hereto as Exhibit D , shall be the
code of regulations of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter
amended in accordance with the provisions thereof and this
Agreement and applicable Law.
Section 1.6
Directors . The directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to
the Effective Time shall be the initial directors of the Surviving
Corporation and shall hold office until their respective successors
are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death,
resignation or removal.
Section 1.7
Officers . The officers of Wendy’s immediately prior
to the Effective Time shall be the initial officers of the
Surviving Corporation and shall hold office until their respective
successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier
death, resignation or removal.
ARTICLE II CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF
CERTIFICATES
Section 2.1
Effect of Merger on Capital Stock of Wendy’s and Merger
Sub . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and
without any action on the part of Wendy’s, Merger Sub or the
holders of any securities of Wendy’s or Merger Sub:
(a) Conversion of Common
Shares . Subject to Sections 2.1(b), 2.1(d), 2.1(e),
2.1(f) and 2.2, each common share, without par value, of
Wendy’s issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time (collectively, the “ Common Shares
”, and each, a “ Common Share ” ),
including Restricted Shares, shall at the Effective Time, be
converted into and shall thereafter represent the right to receive
4.25 (the “ Exchange Ratio ”) fully paid and
non-assessable shares of Class A Common Stock (the “
Merger Consideration ”), upon surrender of the
certificate(s) representing such Common Shares as provided in this
Article II, and all Common Shares that have been converted
into the right to receive the Merger Consideration as provided in
this Section 2.1 shall be automatically cancelled and shall
cease to exist.
3
(b) Cancellation of Treasury
Stock and Triarc and Merger Sub-Owned Shares . Each Common
Share that is held by Triarc or any Subsidiary of Triarc
immediately prior to the Effective Time or held by Wendy’s or
any Subsidiary of Wendy’s (as treasury stock or otherwise)
immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “ Cancelled
Shares ”) shall, by virtue of the Merger and without any
action on the part of the holder thereof, be cancelled and retired
and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered
in exchange therefor or in respect thereof.
(c) Conversion of Merger Sub
Common Shares . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger
and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, each
common share, without par value, of Merger Sub issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
converted into and become one validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable common share, without par value, of the Surviving
Corporation with the same rights, powers and privileges as the
shares so converted and those shares of the Surviving Corporation
shall constitute the only outstanding shares of capital stock of
the Surviving Corporation. From and after the Effective Time, all
certificates representing common shares of Merger Sub will for all
purposes represent the number of common shares of the Surviving
Corporation into which they were converted in accordance with the
immediately preceding sentence.
(d) Adjustments . If at
any time between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time,
any change in the outstanding shares of capital stock of
Wendy’s or Triarc shall occur as a result of any
reclassification, recapitalization, share split (including a
reverse share split) or combination, exchange or readjustment of
shares, or any share dividend or share distribution with a record
date during such period (but not as a result of the settlement of
any Wendy’s Share-Based Award or the exercise of any
outstanding Wendy’s Stock Option or Triarc capital
stock-based award or Triarc capital stock options), the Exchange
Ratio will be equitably adjusted to reflect such change.
(e) Dissenting Shares .
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, to the
extent required by the OGCL, Common Shares that are issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that are
held by any shareholder who was a record holder of the Common
Shares as to which such shareholder seeks relief as of the date
fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to notice of the
Wendy’s Meeting and who shall not have voted in favor of
adoption of this Agreement at the Wendy’s Meeting and who
files with Wendy’s within 10 days after such vote at the
Wendy’s Meeting (the “ Dissenters Determination
Date ”), a written demand to be paid the fair cash value
for such Common Shares in accordance with Sections 1701.84 and
1701.85 of the OGCL (“ Dissenting Shares ”) will
not be converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration
as provided in Section 2.1(a), unless and until such
shareholder fails to demand payment properly or otherwise loses
such shareholder’s rights as a dissenting shareholder, if
any, under the OGCL. If any such shareholder fails to perfect or
loses any such rights as a dissenting shareholder, that
shareholder’s Common Shares shall thereupon be deemed to have
been converted as of the Effective Time into only the right to
receive at the Effective Time the Merger Consideration, without
interest. From and after the
4
Effective Time, each shareholder who has asserted rights as a
dissenting shareholder as provided in Sections 1701.84 and
1701.85 of the OGCL shall be entitled only to such rights as are
granted under those sections of the OGCL. Wendy’s shall
promptly notify Triarc of each shareholder who asserts rights as a
dissenting shareholder within three Business Days thereof. Prior to
the Effective Time Wendy’s shall not, except with the prior
written consent of Triarc, which shall not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed, make any payment with respect to,
or settle or offer to settle, any rights of a dissenting
shareholder asserted under Section 1701.85 of the OGCL.
(f) No Fractional Shares
. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, neither
certificates nor scrip for fractional shares of Class A Common
Stock shall be issued in the Merger. Each holder of Common Shares
who otherwise would have been entitled to a fraction of a share of
Class A Common Stock shall receive in lieu thereof cash
(without interest) in an amount determined by multiplying the
fractional share interest to which such holder would otherwise be
entitled, calculated to the nearest ten thousandth (i.e., four
decimal places (.xxxx)) by the closing price of a share of
Class A Common Stock on the NYSE on the date the Merger
becomes effective. No such holder shall be entitled to dividends,
voting rights or any other rights in respect of any fractional
share of Class A Common Stock.
Section 2.2
Exchange of Certificates .
(a) Appointment of Exchange
Agent . Prior to the mailing of the Proxy Statement (as defined
herein), Triarc shall appoint a bank or trust company reasonably
acceptable to Wendy’s to act as exchange agent (the “
Exchange Agent ”) for the payment of the Merger
Consideration.
(b) Letter of
Transmittal . As soon as reasonably practicable after the
Effective Time, the Exchange Agent shall mail to each holder of
record of a Certificate, a letter of transmittal (which shall be in
customary form and shall specify that delivery shall be
effectuated, and risk of loss and title to the certificates for the
Common Shares (the “ Certificates ”) shall pass
only upon proper delivery of the Certificate to the Exchange Agent)
and instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the
Certificates pursuant to such letter of transmittal. Upon surrender
to the Exchange Agent of a Certificate for cancellation, together
with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly
executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, and such
other documents as may be required pursuant to such instructions,
the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in
exchange therefor: (A) a certificate representing that number
of whole shares of Class A Common Stock which such holder has
the right to receive with respect to the Common Shares formerly
represented by such Certificate after taking into account all
Common Shares then held by such holder, and (B) cash in lieu
of any fractional shares of Class A Common Stock to which such
holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.1(f) and any
dividends or other distributions to which such holder is entitled
pursuant to Section 2.2(d) and the Certificate so surrendered
shall forthwith be cancelled.
(c) Exchange Fund . At
or prior to the Effective Time, Triarc shall deposit, or shall
cause to be deposited, with the Exchange Agent (pursuant to an
agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Triarc and
Wendy’s (the “ Exchange Agent Agreement
”)), in trust for the benefit of holders of the Common
Shares, (i) cash in U.S. dollars sufficient to make
5
payments
in lieu of any fractional shares pursuant to Section 2.1(f),
(ii) certificates representing shares of Class A Common
Stock sufficient to issue the Merger Consideration in exchange for
all of the Common Shares outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time (other than the Cancelled Shares), payable upon due
surrender of the Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in
lieu thereof) or non-certificated Common Shares represented by
book-entry (“ Book-Entry Shares ”) pursuant to
this Article II (such cash and certificates representing
shares of Class A Common Stock, together with any dividends or
distributions with respect thereto, referred to in
subsections (a)(i) and (a)(ii) being hereinafter
referred to as the “ Exchange Fund ”) and
(iii) any dividends or distributions to which holders of
Certificates may be entitled pursuant to Section 2.2(d);
provided that once the Dissenting Shares Amount is determined, such
amount will be returned in cash to the Surviving Corporation by the
Exchange Agent as soon as reasonably practicable following the
Dissenters Determination Date.
(d) Distributions with
respect to Unsurrendered Certificates . Whenever a dividend or
other distribution is declared or made after the date hereof with
respect to the Class A Common Stock with a record date after
the Effective Time, such declaration shall include a dividend or
other distribution in respect of all shares of Class A Common
Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement. No dividends or other
distributions, if any, with a record date after the Effective Time
with respect to Class A Common Stock shall be paid to the
holder of any unsurrendered Common Share which is being converted
into the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) until
such holder shall surrender such Common Share in accordance with
this Section 2.2. After the surrender of a Common Share in
accordance with this Section 2.2, such holder thereof shall be
entitled to receive any such dividends or other distributions,
without any interest thereon, which theretofore had become payable
with respect to whole shares of Class A Common Stock
represented by such Common Share.
(e) Withholding Rights .
Each of Triarc, Wendy’s and the Exchange Agent is entitled to
deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable under
this Agreement to any holder of Common Shares, such amounts as are
required to be withheld or deducted under the Code, or any
provision of state, local or foreign Tax Law with respect to the
making of such payment. Amounts so withheld or deducted and paid
over to the applicable Governmental Entity will be treated for all
purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the
Common Shares in respect of which such deduction and withholding
were made.
(f) Closing of Transfer
Books . At the Effective Time, the share transfer books of
Wendy’s will be closed, and there will be no further
registration of transfers on the share transfer books of the
Surviving Corporation of the Common Shares that were outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time.
(g) Termination of Exchange
Fund . Any portion of the Exchange Fund (including the proceeds
of any investments thereof) that remains undistributed to the
former holders of Common Shares on the first anniversary of the
Effective Time will be delivered to the Surviving Corporation, and
any former holder of Common Shares who has not surrendered its
Certificates in accordance with this Section 2.2 shall
thereafter look only to the Surviving Corporation for payment of
any claim for the Merger Consideration, without any interest
thereon, upon due surrender of such Certificates. If outstanding
Certificates are not surrendered prior to the sixth anniversary of
the Effective Time (or, in any particular case, prior to such
6
earlier
date on which any Merger Consideration issuable or payable upon the
surrender of such Certificates would otherwise escheat to or become
the property of any governmental unit or agency), the Merger
Consideration issuable or payable upon the surrender of such
Certificates shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Law,
become the property of the Surviving Corporation, free and clear of
all claims or interest of any Person previously entitled
thereto.
(h) No Liability .
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, none of
Wendy’s, Triarc, Merger Sub, the Surviving Corporation, the
Exchange Agent or any other person will be liable to any former
holder of Common Shares for any amount properly delivered to a
public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property,
escheat or similar Law.
(i) Investment of Exchange
Fund . The Exchange Agent shall invest all cash included in the
Exchange Fund as reasonably directed by Triarc; but any investment
of such cash must be limited to direct, short-term obligations of,
or short-term obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and
interest by, the United States government. Any interest and other
income resulting from such investments will be paid to the
Surviving Corporation pursuant to the Exchange Agent
Agreement.
(j) Lost Certificates .
Upon the making of an affidavit that any Certificate has been lost,
stolen or destroyed by the person claiming such Certificate to be
lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by the Exchange Agent,
the posting by such person of a bond in customary amount as
indemnity against any claim that may be made against it with
respect to such Certificate, the Exchange Agent will issue in
exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate
Consideration in the amount required by this Article II.
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF
WENDY’S
Except as disclosed in the Filed
Wendy’s SEC Documents or in the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule, in each case, subject to Section 8.13(b),
Wendy’s represents and warrants to Triarc and Merger Sub as
follows:
Section 3.1
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
(a) Each of Wendy’s and
its Subsidiaries is a legal entity validly existing and in good
standing under the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of
organization and has all requisite corporate or similar power and
authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and
to carry on its business as presently conducted.
(b) Each of Wendy’s and
its Subsidiaries is qualified to do business and is in good
standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the
ownership, leasing or operation of its assets or properties or
conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where
the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, or to have such
power or authority has not had since December 30, 2007 and
would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. As used in this
Agreement, “ Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect
” means any change, effect, event, occurrence or state of
facts that is materially adverse to the assets, properties,
business or financial condition or results of operations of
Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, but shall not
include an effect
7
arising
from facts, circumstances, events or changes, (a) generally
affecting the quick service restaurant industry in the United
States or the economy or the financial or securities markets in the
United States or elsewhere in the world, including regulatory,
social or political conditions or developments (including any
outbreak or escalation of hostilities or acts of war, whether or
not pursuant to the declaration of a national emergency or war, or
acts of terrorism) or changes in interest rates or (b) to the
extent resulting from (i) the announcement of, or compliance
with, this Agreement or the announcement of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, other than for purposes of
Sections 3.2(e), 3.3 and 3.9(g) (and the condition contained
in Section 6.3(a) with respect thereto), (ii) any
litigation arising from allegations of a breach of fiduciary duty
or other violation of applicable Law relating to this Agreement or
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iii) changes
in applicable Law or accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States (“ GAAP ”) or interpretation
thereof, (iv) changes, solely in and of themselves, in the
market price or trading volume of the Common Shares,
(v) changes, solely in and of themselves, in any
analyst’s recommendations, any financial strength rating or
any other recommendations or ratings as to Wendy’s or its
Subsidiaries (including, in and of itself, any failure to meet
analyst projections), (vi) the loss by Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries of any of its customers, suppliers, franchisees or
employees as a result of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, (vii) weather, (viii) the seasonality of the
business of Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries, (ix) effects
of public perceptions of food safety applicable to the quick
service restaurant industry generally or (x) the failure, in
and of itself, of Wendy’s to meet any expected or projected
financial or operating performance target, but not any underlying
cause of such failure, whether internal or published, for any
period ending on or after the date of this Agreement as well as any
change, in and of itself, by Wendy’s in any expected or
projected financial or operating performance target as compared
with any target prior to the date of this Agreement;
provided , however , that any change, effect,
development, event or occurrence described in each of clauses (a),
(b)(iii), (b)(vii) and b(ix) above shall not constitute or
give rise to a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect only if and to
the extent that such change, effect, development, event or
occurrence does not have a materially disproportionate effect on
Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries as compared to other persons in
the quick service restaurant industry and provided
further that the facts, circumstances or events underlying
the change or failure in clauses (b)(iv), (b)(v), and
(b)(x) above shall not be excluded to the extent such facts,
circumstances or events would otherwise constitute a Wendy’s
Material Adverse Effect. For the avoidance of doubt,
(a) Wendy’s results of operations for the quarter ended
March 30, 2008 and (b) the trend reflected therein shall
not constitute a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Wendy’s has made
available to Triarc prior to the date of this Agreement a true and
complete copy of Wendy’s Articles of Incorporation and New
Regulations, each as amended through the date of this Agreement
(such articles of incorporation, the “ Wendy’s
Articles ” and such code of regulations, the “
Wendy’s Regulations ”), and the articles of
incorporation and code of regulations or similar organizational
documents of each Material Subsidiary, each as amended through the
date of this Agreement. The Wendy’s Articles and
Wendy’s Regulations are in full force and effect. The
articles of incorporation and code of regulations or similar
organizational documents of each Material Subsidiary of
Wendy’s are in full force and effect. Neither Wendy’s
nor any of its Material Subsidiaries is in violation of any
provisions of its articles of incorporation or regulations or
similar organizational documents, other than such violations as
have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse
Effect. Section 3.1(c) of the
8
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedules sets forth, as of the date
of this Agreement, a complete and accurate list of all of
Wendy’s Subsidiaries which are “significant
subsidiaries” under Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act
(the “ Material Subsidiaries ”).
Section 3.2
Capital Stock .
(a) The authorized capital stock
of Wendy’s consists of 200,000,000 Common Shares, and 250,000
preferred shares, with $1.00 par value, of which 150,000 shares
have been designated as “Series A Preferred
Shares” (the “ Wendy’s Preferred Shares
”). As of March 30, 2008, (i) 130,258,588 Common
Shares were issued, which number includes (a) 87,414,310
Common Shares issued and outstanding, (b) 104,394 Restricted
Shares and (c) 42,844,278 Common Shares held in treasury,
(ii) 2,075,635 Common Shares were reserved for issuance upon
the exercise of outstanding options under the WeShare Stock Option
Plan, 1990 Stock Option Plan, 2003 Stock Incentive Plan and 2007
Stock Incentive Plan (collectively, the “ Wendy’s
Share Plans ”), (iii) 998,985 Common Shares
were reserved for issuance upon the settlement of outstanding
restricted stock units and other Wendy’s Share-Based Awards
under the Wendy’s Share Plans and (iv) no Wendy’s
Preferred Shares were issued or outstanding. All outstanding Common
Shares, and all Common Shares reserved for issuance as noted in the
immediately preceding clauses (ii) and (iii), when issued in
accordance with the respective terms thereof, are or will be duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not
issued in violation of any preemptive rights, purchase option, call
or right of first refusal rights.
(b) Except as set forth in
subsection (a) above, as of the date of this Agreement,
(i) Wendy’s does not have any shares of its capital
stock issued or outstanding other than Common Shares that have
become outstanding after March 30, 2008, and were reserved for
issuance as set forth in subsection (a) above, and
(ii) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, stock
appreciation rights, warrants, calls, convertible securities,
restricted stock units, performance units, deferred stock units or
other similar rights, agreements or commitments relating to the
issuance of capital stock or voting securities to which
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries is a party obligating
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries to (A) issue,
transfer or sell any shares of capital stock or other equity
interests of Wendy’s or any Subsidiary of Wendy’s or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares or
equity interests, (B) grant, extend or enter into any such
subscription, option, stock appreciation right, warrant, call,
convertible securities, restricted stock units, performance units,
deferred stock units or other similar right, agreement or
arrangement, (C) redeem or otherwise acquire, or vote or
dispose of, any such shares of capital stock or other equity
interests or (D) provide a material amount of funds to, or
make any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital
contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary of
Wendy’s.
(c) Except as set forth in
subsection (a) above, neither Wendy’s nor any of its
Subsidiaries has outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other
obligations, the holders of which have the right to vote (or which
are convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right
to vote) with the shareholders of Wendy’s on any
matter.
(d) There are no voting trusts
or other agreements or understandings to which Wendy’s or any
of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect to the voting of the
capital stock or other equity interests of Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries.
9
(e) No consent or approval is
required from the holder of any Wendy’s Stock Option,
Restricted Share (other than in respect of the right of such shares
to vote generally with the Common Shares) or Wendy’s
Share-Based Award to effectuate the terms of this Agreement.
(f) All outstanding shares of
capital stock of, or other equity interests in, each Subsidiary of
Wendy’s are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable and were not issued in violation of any preemptive or
similar rights, purchase option, call or right of first refusal or
similar rights. All outstanding shares of capital stock of, or
other equity interests in, each Subsidiary of Wendy’s that
are owned by Wendy’s or a Subsidiary of Wendy’s are
free and clear of all liens, claims, mortgages, encumbrances,
pledges, security interests, equities or charges of any kind (each,
a “ Lien ”), other than Permitted Liens. As used
in this Agreement “ Permitted Liens ” means, as
to any person, any Lien (A) for Taxes or governmental
assessments, charges or claims of payment not yet due, being
contested in good faith or for which adequate accruals or reserves
have been established, (B) that is a carriers’,
warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s,
repairmen’s, landlord’s or other similar lien arising
in the ordinary course of business, (C) that is disclosed on
the most recent consolidated balance sheet of Wendy’s or
notes thereto or securing liabilities reflected on such balance
sheet, (D) that was incurred in the ordinary course of
business since the date of the most recent consolidated balance
sheet of such person, (E) with respect to Owned Real Property
and Leased Real Property, related to the rights of tenants and
subtenants under Real Property Leases and Real Property Subleases,
including, without limitation, any right of first offer, right of
first refusal or options to purchase, (F) with respect to Owned
Real Property and Leased Real Property, that is disclosed by any
title commitment, any title policy, survey or other document made
available to either Triarc or Wendy’s, as applicable,
(G) that is a title exception, defect, encumbrance or other
matter, whether or not of record, which does not materially affect
the continued use of the property for the purposes for which the
property is currently being used by such person or a Subsidiary of
such person as of the date of this Agreement or (H) with
respect to any Real Property Lease that affects the interest of the
landlord thereunder, which does not materially impair the value or
use of such Real Property Lease.
Section 3.3
Corporate Authority; No Violation .
(a) Wendy’s has the
requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this
Agreement and, subject to receipt of the Wendy’s Shareholder
Approval, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of
the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly
authorized by the Board of Directors and, except for (i) the
Wendy’s Shareholder Approval, (ii) the Opt-Out Approval
and (iii) the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the
Secretary of State of the State of Ohio, no other corporate
proceedings on the part of Wendy’s are necessary to authorize
this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby. The Special Committee, at a meeting duly called and held,
has by unanimous vote of all its members approved this Agreement,
the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement to which Wendy’s is a party. The Board of
Directors, at a meeting duly called and held, has by unanimous vote
of all its members, duly adopted resolutions (i) approving
this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated
by this Agreement to which Wendy’s is a party,
(ii) directing that the adoption of this Agreement be
submitted to a vote at a meeting of the shareholders of
Wendy’s and (iii) recommending that the shareholders of
Wendy’s adopt this
10
Agreement (the item set forth in clause (iii) of this
sentence, the “ Recommendation ”). This
Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by
Wendy’s and, assuming this Agreement constitutes the valid
and binding agreement of Triarc and Merger Sub, constitutes the
valid and binding agreement of Wendy’s, enforceable against
Wendy’s in accordance with its terms.
(b) Subject to the accuracy of
the representations and warranties of Triarc and Merger Sub in
Section 4.2(b), no authorization, consent, permit, action or
approval of, or filing with, or notification to, any United States
federal, state or local, provincial or foreign governmental or
regulatory agency, commission, court, body, entity or authority
(each, a “ Governmental Entity ”) is necessary,
under applicable Law, for the consummation by Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
except for such authorizations, consents, permits, actions,
approvals, notifications or filings required under (i) the
OGCL, (ii) the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “
Securities Act ”), (iii) the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”),
(iv) the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976
(the “ HSR Act ”), (v) the Competition Act
(Canada) R.S.C. 1985, c. C-34, as amended (the “
Competition Act ” ) and (vi) the items set forth
on Section 3.3(b) of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule (collectively, the “ Wendy’s
Approvals ”), and except for such authorizations,
consents, permits, actions, approvals, notifications or filings
that, if not obtained or made, would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect.
(c) The execution and delivery
by Wendy’s of this Agreement does not, and the consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby and compliance with the
provisions of this Agreement will not (i) result in any
violation of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time,
or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, amendment,
cancellation or acceleration of any material obligation or to the
loss of a material benefit under, any Wendy’s Material
Contract, (ii) conflict with or result in any violation of any
provision of the Wendy’s Articles or the Wendy’s
Regulations or any of the Wendy’s Subsidiary Organizational
Documents or (iii) assuming the Wendy’s Approvals are
obtained, conflict with or violate any applicable Laws, other than,
in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), any such violation,
conflict, default, termination, amendment, cancellation,
acceleration, right or loss that has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect.
Section 3.4
Reports and Financial Statements .
(a) Wendy’s has filed or
furnished all forms, documents and reports required to be filed or
furnished since January 2, 2006 by it with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) (the “
Wendy’s SEC Documents ”). As of their respective
dates, or, if amended, as of the date of the last such amendment
(excluding any amendments made after the date of this Agreement),
the Wendy’s SEC Documents complied in all material respects
with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act,
as the case may be, and the applicable rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and none of the Wendy’s SEC Documents
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading; provided ,
that , with respect to projected financial
11
information provided by or on behalf of Wendy’s,
Wendy’s represents only that such information was prepared in
good faith by management of Wendy’s on the basis of
assumptions believed by such management to be reasonable as of the
time made. To the knowledge of Wendy’s, none of the
Wendy’s SEC Documents is the subject of any outstanding SEC
comments or outstanding SEC investigation. No Subsidiary of
Wendy’s is required to file any form or report with the
SEC.
(b) The consolidated financial
statements (including all related notes and schedules) of
Wendy’s included in the Wendy’s SEC Documents fairly
present in all material respects the consolidated financial
position of Wendy’s and its consolidated Subsidiaries, as at
the respective dates thereof, and the consolidated results of their
operations and their consolidated cash flows for the respective
periods then ended (subject, in the case of the unaudited
statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments and to any other
adjustments described therein, including the notes thereto), in
each case in accordance with GAAP (except, in the case of the
unaudited statements, as permitted by the SEC) applied on a
consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be
indicated therein or in the notes thereto).
Section 3.5
Internal Controls and Procedures . Wendy’s has
established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures and
internal control over financial reporting (as such terms are
defined in paragraphs (e) and (f), respectively, of
Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act) as required by
Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. Wendy’s disclosure
controls and procedures are reasonably designed to provide
reasonable assurance that all material information required to be
disclosed by Wendy’s in the reports that it files or
furnishes under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and
forms of the SEC, and that all such material information is
accumulated and communicated to Wendy’s management as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure
and to make the certifications required pursuant to
Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the
“ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”). Wendy’s
management has completed assessment of the effectiveness of
Wendy’s internal control over financial reporting in
compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year ended December 30, 2007, and
such assessment concluded that such controls were effective.
Wendy’s has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluation
prior to the date of this Agreement, to Wendy’s auditors and
the audit committee of the Board of Directors and to Triarc
(A) any significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of internal controls over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect in any
material respect Wendy’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial information and (B) any fraud,
whether or not material, that involves executive officers or
employees who have a significant role in Wendy’s internal
controls over financial reporting. As of the date of this
Agreement, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, Wendy’s has not
identified any significant deficiencies or any material weaknesses
in the design or operation of internal controls over financial
reporting. There are no outstanding loans made by Wendy’s or
any of its Subsidiaries to any executive officer (as defined in
Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act) or director of
Wendy’s.
Section 3.6
No Undisclosed Liabilities . Except (a) as reflected or
reserved against in Wendy’s consolidated balance sheets (or
the notes thereto) included in the
12
Filed
Wendy’s SEC Documents, (b) as are incurred after the
date of this Agreement and are permitted to be incurred by this
Agreement, (c) for liabilities and obligations incurred in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since
December 30, 2007 that would not reasonably be expected,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect and (d) liabilities or obligations which have
been discharged or paid in full in the ordinary course of business,
as of the date of this Agreement, neither Wendy’s nor any
Subsidiary of Wendy’s has any liabilities or obligations of
any nature, whether or not accrued, contingent or otherwise, and
whether or not required by GAAP to be reflected on a consolidated
balance sheet of Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries (or in the
notes thereto), other than those that have not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect.
Section 3.7
Compliance with Law; Permits .
(a) Wendy’s and each of
its Subsidiaries are, and at all times since January 2, 2006
have been, in compliance with and not in default under or in
violation of any applicable federal, state, provincial, municipal,
local or foreign law, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation,
judgment, order, injunction, decree or agency requirement of any
Governmental Entity (collectively, “ Laws ” and
each, a “ Law ”), except for any such
non-compliance, default or violation that would not, individually
or in the aggregate, be material to Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Notwithstanding anything contained
in this Section 3.7(a), no representation or warranty is made
in this Section 3.7(a) in respect of the matters referenced in
Section 3.4 or 3.5, or in respect of environmental, Tax,
employee benefits or labor Law matters.
(b) Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries are in possession of all franchises, grants,
authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances,
exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders of any
Governmental Entity necessary for Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate their properties and assets
or to carry on their businesses as they are now being conducted
(the “ Wendy’s Permits ”), except for any
failure to have any of the Wendy’s Permits that have not had
and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in
the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. All
Wendy’s Permits are in full force and effect, except for any
failure to be in full force and effect that has not had and would
not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.8
Environmental Laws and Regulations .
(a) Except as has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect, (i) Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries have
conducted their respective businesses in compliance with all
applicable Environmental Laws, (ii) to the knowledge of
Wendy’s, none of the properties owned, leased or operated by
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries contains any Hazardous
Substance in amounts which would reasonably be expected to give
rise to liability under Environmental Laws, (iii) since
January 2, 2006, neither Wendy’s nor any of its
Subsidiaries has received any written notice, demand letter or
written request for information from any Governmental Entity
indicating that Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries or any
person whose liability Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries has
retained or assumed, either contractually or by operation of law,
may be in violation of, or liable under, any Environmental Law,
(iv) to the
13
knowledge of Wendy’s, no Hazardous Substance has been
disposed of, released or transported in violation of any applicable
Environmental Law, or in a manner which has given rise to any
liability under Environmental Law, from any properties presently or
formerly owned, leased or operated by Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries or any other property and (v) neither
Wendy’s, its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective
properties or any person whose liability Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries has retained or assumed, either contractually or
by operation of law, is subject to any liabilities relating to any
pending or, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, threatened suit,
settlement, court order, administrative order, regulatory
requirement, judgment or written claim asserted or arising under
any Environmental Law. No representation or warranty is made by
Wendy’s in respect of environmental matters in any Section of
this Agreement other than in this Section 3.8. Wendy’s
has made available to Triarc true and complete copies of all
material environmental records, reports, notifications,
certificates of need, permits, engineering studies, and
environmental studies or assessments, in each case as requested by
Triarc and in Wendy’s possession, and in each case as amended
and in effect.
(b) As used in this Agreement,
“ Environmental Law ” means any Law relating to
(i) the protection, preservation or restoration of the
environment (including air, water vapor, surface water,
groundwater, drinking water supply, surface land, subsurface land,
plant and animal life or any other natural resource) or
(ii) the exposure to, or the use, storage, recycling,
treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling,
labeling, production, release or disposal of Hazardous
Substances.
(c) As used in this Agreement,
“ Hazardous Substance ” means any substance
presently listed, defined, designated or classified as hazardous,
toxic, radioactive, or dangerous, or otherwise regulated, under any
Environmental Law. Hazardous Substance includes any substance to
which exposure is regulated by any Governmental Entity or any
Environmental Law including any toxic waste, pollutant,
contaminant, hazardous substance (including toxic mold), toxic
substance, hazardous waste, special waste, industrial substance or
petroleum or any derivative or byproduct thereof, radon,
radioactive material, asbestos, or asbestos containing material,
urea formaldehyde, foam insulation or polychlorinated
biphenyls.
Section 3.9
Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 3.9(a)(i) of
the Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and
complete list of each material employee or director benefit plan,
arrangement or agreement, including any material employee welfare
benefit plan (including post-retirement health and insurance plan)
within the meaning of Section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 (“ ERISA ”), any
employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of
Section 3(2) of ERISA and any material bonus, incentive,
deferred compensation, vacation, share purchase, stock option,
equity or equity-based severance, employment, change of control or
fringe benefit plan, program agreement or policy (the “
Wendy’s Benefit Plans ”) that is sponsored,
maintained or contributed to, or required to be maintained or
contributed to, by Wendy’s, or any of its Subsidiaries, to
which Wendy’s or any Commonly Controlled Entity has any
liability, contingent or otherwise, for the benefit of any current
or former director, officer, employee or independent contractor of
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries (other than any
Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan).
Section 3.9(a)(i) of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule also sets forth the “Title IV Plans” (as
defined in Section 3.9(d)) or “MultiEmployer
Plans” (as defined in
14
Section 3.9(e)) sponsored, maintained or contributed to, or
required to be maintained or contributed to, by any other person or
entity that, together with Wendy’s, is treated as a single
employer under Section 414 of the Code (each, a “
Commonly Controlled Entity ”) and such plans shall
also be referred to herein as Wendy’s Benefit Plans.
Section 3.9(a)(ii) of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of each
currently effective employment, deferred compensation, severance,
change in control, retention, indemnification or other similar
material contract between Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries,
on the one hand, and any current or former director, officer,
employee or independent contractor of Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries, on the other hand, other than any contract mandated
by applicable Law (each, a “ Wendy’s Benefit
Agreement ”) (other than any Wendy’s Benefit Plan
or Wendy’s Foreign Plan). Schedule 3.9(a)(iii) of
the Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth each
Wendy’s Benefit Plan or Wendy’s Benefit Agreement that
is maintained outside the jurisdiction of the United States,
including any such plan required to be maintained or contributed to
by applicable Law, custom or rule of the relevant jurisdiction
(each, a “ Wendy’s Foreign Plan ” ).
(b) With respect to each
Wendy’s Benefit Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or
Wendy’s Foreign Plan, Wendy’s has made available to
Triarc complete and accurate copies of each of the following
documents, as applicable: (i) such written Wendy’s
Benefit Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s
Foreign Plan (including all amendments thereto) or a written
description of any such Wendy’s Benefit Plan, Wendy’s
Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan that is not
otherwise in writing, (ii) the three most recent Annual
Reports on IRS Form 5500 Series and accompanying schedules, if
any, (iii) the most recent actuarial valuation report required
to be filed under ERISA or required pursuant to applicable Laws or
the terms of such Wendy’s Benefit Plan, Wendy’s Benefit
Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan, (iv) a copy of the
most recent summary plan description (“ SPD ”),
together with all summaries of material modifications issued with
respect to such SPD, if required under ERISA or required pursuant
to applicable Laws or the terms of such Wendy’s Benefit Plan,
Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan, and
all other material employee communications relating to each
Wendy’s Benefit Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or
Wendy’s Foreign Plan, (v) if such Wendy’s Benefit
Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan
is funded through a trust or any other funding vehicle, a copy of
the trust or other funding agreement (including all amendments
thereto) and the latest financial statements thereof, if any,
(vi) all contracts relating to such Wendy’s Benefit
Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or Wendy’s Foreign Plan
with respect to which Wendy’s, any of its Subsidiaries or any
Commonly Controlled Entity may have any liability, including
insurance contracts, investment management agreements, subscription
and participation agreements and record keeping agreements,
(vii) the most recent determination letter received from (or
determination letter request submitted to) the Internal Revenue
Service (“ IRS ”) or the most recent master or
prototype opinion letter issued by the IRS with respect to a master
or prototype plan adopted by Wendy’s or any Commonly
Controlled Entity upon which such sponsor is entitled to rely (if
applicable) with respect to any Wendy’s Benefit Plan that is
intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code and
(viii) communications (other than routine communications) from
the IRS, the Department of Labor (“ DOL ”) or
the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any successor thereto
(“ PBGC ”) with respect to any such
Wendy’s Benefit Plan.
(c) Except as has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect:
15
(i) each of the Wendy’s Benefit Plans, Wendy’s
Benefit Agreements and Wendy’s Foreign Plans (and any related
trust or other funding vehicle) has been operated and administered
in compliance with its terms (except where permitted under
applicable Laws) and applicable Laws, including, but not limited
to, ERISA and the Code and in each case the regulations thereunder
and (ii) each of the Wendy’s Benefit Plans intended to
be “qualified” within the meaning of
Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and, to the
knowledge of Wendy’s there are no existing circumstances or
events that have occurred that could reasonably be expected to
adversely affect the qualified status of any such plan.
(d) None of Wendy’s, any
of its Subsidiaries or any Commonly Controlled Entity has during
the period beginning with the sixth plan year preceding the plan
year that includes the Effective Time ever sponsored, maintained,
contributed to or been required to maintain or contribute to, or
has any actual or contingent liability under any Wendy’s
Benefit Plan subject to Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA or
Section 412 or 4971 of the Code other than a MultiEmployer
Plan as defined in Section 3.9(e) (a “ Title IV
Plan ”).
(e) No Wendy’s Benefit
Plan is a “multiemployer pension plan” (as such term is
defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA) (a “ MultiEmployer
Plan ”) or a plan that has two or more contributing
sponsors at least two of whom are not under common control, within
the meaning of Section 4063 of ERISA; and none of
Wendy’s, any of its Subsidiaries or any Commonly Controlled
Entity has, at any time, incurred liability as a result of a
withdrawal from a MultiEmployer Plan in a “complete
withdrawal” or “partial withdrawal” as defined in
Sections 4203 and 4205 of ERISA, respectively, that has not
been satisfied in full. All contributions required to be made by
Wendy’s, any of its Subsidiaries or any Commonly Controlled
Entity to each MultiEmployer Plan on behalf of one or more current
or former employees have been made when due in all material
respects. Wendy’s has not received written notice that
(i) a MultiEmployer Plan has been terminated or has been in
reorganization under ERISA so as to result in any liability of
Wendy’s or any Commonly Controlled Entity under Title IV
of ERISA or (ii) any proceeding has been initiated by any
person (including the PBGC) to terminate any MultiEmployer
Plan.
(f) All contributions or other
amounts payable by Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries as of the date
of this Agreement with respect to each Wendy’s Benefit Plan
in respect of the current or six prior plan years have been paid
or, if not yet due have been properly accrued in accordance with
GAAP in all material respects. Neither Wendy’s nor any of its
Subsidiaries has engaged in a transaction in connection with which
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries reasonably could be
subject to either a material civil penalty assessed pursuant to
Section 409 or 502(i) of ERISA or a material Tax imposed
pursuant to Section 4975 or 4976 of the Code. There are no
pending or, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, threatened claims
(other than routine claims for benefits) by, on behalf of or
against any of the Wendy’s Benefit Plans or any trusts
related thereto that could reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse
Effect.
(g) Neither the execution and
delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby (either alone or in conjunction with any other
event, including termination of employment at or following the
Effective Time) will (i) result in any material payment
(including, without limitation, severance, unemployment
16
compensation, change in control, “excess parachute
payment” (within the meaning of Section 280G of the
Code), forgiveness of indebtedness or otherwise) becoming due to
any current or former director, officer, employee or independent
contractor of Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries from
Wendy’s or any Commonly Controlled Entity under any
Wendy’s Benefit Plan, Wendy’s Benefit Agreement or
otherwise, (ii) materially increase any benefits otherwise
payable under any Wendy’s Benefit Plan or Wendy’s
Benefit Agreement, (iii) result in any acceleration of the
time of payment or vesting of any such benefits, (iv) require
the funding of any such benefits or (v) result in any breach
or violation of or default under, or limit (except as may be
specifically set forth in this Agreement) Wendy’s right to
amend, modify or terminate, any collective bargaining agreement,
Wendy’s Benefit Plan or Wendy’s Benefit
Agreement.
(h) No amounts payable under any
of the Wendy’s Benefit Plans, Wendy’s Benefit
Agreements, or any other contract, agreement or arrangement with
respect to which Wendy’s or any Commonly Controlled Entity
may have liability fails to be deductible for federal income tax
purposes by virtue of Section 162(m) or Section 280G of
the Code.
(i) All Wendy’s Stock
Options have an exercise price per share that was not less than the
“fair market value” of a Common Share on the date of
grant, as determined in accordance with the terms of the applicable
Wendy’s Share Plans. All Wendy’s Stock Options have
been properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP, and no change
is expected in respect of any prior financial statements relating
to expenses for stock-based compensation. There is no pending
audit, investigation or inquiry by any Governmental Entity or by
Wendy’s (directly or indirectly) with respect to
Wendy’s stock option granting practices or other equity
compensation practices. The grant date of each Wendy’s Stock
Option is on or after the date on which such grant was authorized
by Wendy’s board of directors or the compensation committee
thereof.
(j) Each Wendy’s Benefit
Plan and Wendy’s Benefit Agreement that is a
“nonqualified deferred compensation plan” (as defined
in Code Section 409A(d)(1)) subject to Code Section 409A
has been operated since January 1, 2005 in good faith
compliance with Code Section 409A, the regulations and
guidance promulgated thereunder.
(k) No Wendy’s Benefit
Plan or Wendy’s Benefit Agreement provides benefits,
including death or medical, health or other welfare benefits
(whether or not insured), with respect to current or former
employees of Wendy’s, its Subsidiaries or any Commonly
Controlled Entity after retirement or other termination of service
other than (i) coverage mandated by applicable Laws (including
continuation coverage under Section 4980B of the Code),
(ii) death benefits or retirement benefits under any
“employee pension benefit plan,” as such term is
defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA, (iii) deferred
compensation benefits accrued as liabilities on the books of
Wendy’s, any of its Subsidiaries or a Commonly Controlled
Entity or (iv) benefits the full direct cost of which is borne
by the current or former employee (or beneficiary thereof), and no
circumstances exist that would reasonably be expected to result in
Wendy’s, any of its Subsidiaries or a Commonly Controlled
Entity becoming obligated to provide any such benefits.
(l) Without limiting the
generality of the other representations in this Section 3.9,
with respect to each Wendy’s Foreign Plan: (i) all
employer and employee
17
contributions to each Wendy’s Foreign Plan required by Law or
by the terms of such Wendy’s Foreign Plan have been made when
due, or, if applicable, properly accrued in accordance with normal
accounting practices in all material respects; (ii) the fair
market value of the assets of each funded Wendy’s Foreign
Plan, the liability of each insurer for any Wendy’s Foreign
Plan funded through insurance or the book reserve established for
any Wendy’s Foreign Plan, together with any accrued
contributions, is sufficient to procure or provide for the accrued
benefit obligations, as of the Effective Time, with respect to all
current and former participants in such plan according to the
actuarial assumptions and valuations most recently used to
determine employer contributions to such Wendy’s Foreign
Plan, and no transaction contemplated by this Agreement shall cause
such assets or insurance obligations to be less than such benefit
obligations; (iii) each Wendy’s Foreign Plan required to
be registered has been registered and has been maintained in good
standing with applicable regulatory authorities; (iv) no
Wendy’s Foreign Plan that is subject to the Laws of Canada is
a defined benefit pension plan; (v) no insurance policy or any
other agreement affecting any Wendy’s Foreign Plan requires
or permits a retroactive increase in contributions, premiums or
other payments due thereunder; (vi) subject to the
requirements of applicable Laws, no provision of any Wendy’s
Foreign Plan or of any agreement, and no act or omission of
Wendy’s in any way limits, impairs, modifies or otherwise
affects the right of Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries to
unilaterally amend or terminate any Wendy’s Foreign Plan, and
no commitments to improve or otherwise amend any Wendy’s
Foreign Plan have been made; (vii) none of the Wendy’s
Foreign Plans enjoys any special tax status under any Laws, nor
have any advance tax rulings been sought or received in respect of
any Wendy’s Foreign Plan; and (viii) all employee data
necessary to administer each Wendy’s Foreign Plan in
accordance with its terms and conditions and all Laws is in
possession of Wendy’s and such data is complete, correct in
all material respects, and in a form which is sufficient in all
material respects for the proper administration of each
Wendy’s Foreign Plan.
(m) No representation or
warranty is made by Wendy’s in respect of employee benefits
matters in any Section of this Agreement other than in this
Section 3.9.
Section 3.10
Absence of Certain Changes or Events . From and after
December 30, 2007, (i) the businesses of Wendy’s
and its Subsidiaries have been conducted in all material respects
in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice,
(ii) there has not been any change, effect, event,
development, occurrence or state of facts that has had, or would
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect and (iii) neither
Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any action or
omitted to take any action that if taken or omitted to be taken
after the date of this Agreement, would be prohibited by
Section 5.1(b).
Section 3.11
Investigations; Litigation . (a) There is no
investigation or review pending (or, to the knowledge of
Wendy’s, threatened) by any Governmental Entity with respect
to Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries and (b) there are
no actions, suits, arbitrations, mediations or proceedings pending
(or, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, threatened) against
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their
respective properties at law or in equity before, and there are no
orders, judgments or decrees of, or before, any Governmental
Entity, in the case of each of clause (a) or (b), which has
had since December 30, 2007 or would reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect.
18
Section 3.12
Proxy Statement; Other Information . None of the information
provided by Wendy’s to be included in (i) the
registration statement on Form S-4 to be filed with the SEC by
Triarc in connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock
pursuant to the Merger (such registration statement on Form S-4, as
amended or supplemented, the “ Form S-4 ”)
or the other Transaction SEC Filings will, at the time the Form S-4
or other Transaction SEC Filing is filed with the SEC, and at any
time it is amended or supplemented or at the time it becomes
effective under the Securities Act, contain any untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading; provided , that , with respect to
projected financial information provided by or on behalf of
Wendy’s, Wendy’s represents only that such information
was prepared in good faith by management of Wendy’s on the
basis of assumptions believed by such management to be reasonable
as of the time made or (ii) the Proxy Statement will, at the
time of the mailing of the Proxy Statement or any amendment or
supplement thereto or at the time of the Wendy’s Meeting or
the Triarc Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
provided , that , with respect to projected financial
information provided by or on behalf of Wendy’s,
Wendy’s represents only that such information was prepared in
good faith by management of Wendy’s on the basis of
assumptions believed by such management to be reasonable as of the
time made. The Proxy Statement, as to information supplied by
Wendy’s, will comply as to form in all material respects with
the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as the case may be. The
joint letter to shareholders of Wendy’s and stockholders of
Triarc, notice of meeting with respect to the Wendy’s Meeting
and Triarc Meeting, proxy statement/prospectus, forms of proxy and
any other proxy solicitation materials to be filed with the SEC and
distributed to shareholders of Wendy’s and stockholders of
Triarc in connection with the Merger are collectively referred to
herein as the “ Proxy Statement ”. The
Form S-4 and the Proxy Statement, together with any other
filings required to be made under the Securities Act or the
Exchange Act in connection with the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement, are collectively referred to herein as the “
Transaction SEC Filings ”. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, Wendy’s makes no representation or warranty with
respect to the information supplied by Triarc or Merger Sub or any
of their respective Representatives that is contained or
incorporated by reference in the Transaction SEC Filings.
Section 3.13
Tax Matters .
(a) (i) Wendy’s and
each of its Subsidiaries have prepared in material compliance with
the prescribed manner and filed within the time required by
applicable Law (taking into account any extension of time within
which to file) all material Tax Returns required to be filed by any
of them with all relevant Governmental Entities for all taxation or
fiscal periods ending prior to the date hereof, and all such filed
Tax Returns are consistent in all material respects with any
applicable closing agreements or issue resolution agreements or any
other agreements or confirmations executed or entered into or
received by Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries with or from
the IRS in connection with the Compliance Assurance Process (as
described in IRS Announcement 2005-87) (the “ CAP
”), (ii) Wendy’s and each of its Subsidiaries have
paid all material Taxes shown thereon as owing and all material
Taxes otherwise owed by
19
or with
respect to Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries within the time
required by applicable Law and have paid all material assessments
and material reassessments they have received in respect of Taxes,
(iii) Wendy’s financial statements reflect full and
adequate reserves for all material unpaid Taxes payable by
Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries for all taxable periods and
portions thereof through the date of such financial statements and
neither Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred any
material Tax liability since the date of such financial statements
other than for Taxes arising in the ordinary course of business,
and (iv) as of the date of this Agreement, there are not
pending or, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, threatened, any
audits, examinations, assessments, reassessments or other
proceedings in respect of Taxes (except, in the case of clause (i),
(ii) or (iv) above, with respect to matters contested in
good faith and for which adequate reserves have been established in
accordance with GAAP).
(b) There are no outstanding
agreements, arrangements, waivers or objections extending the
statutory period or providing for an extension of time with respect
to the collection, assessment, reassessment or determination of a
material amount of Taxes or the filing of any Tax Return by, or any
payment of a material amount of Taxes.
(c) None of Wendy’s or any
of its Subsidiaries is a party to any agreement the primary purpose
of which is Tax allocation, Tax indemnification or Tax sharing
(other than any such agreements solely among Wendy’s and any
of its Subsidiaries).
(d) No claim in writing has been
made against Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries by any
Governmental Entity in a jurisdiction where Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries do not file Tax Returns that Wendy’s or such
Subsidiary is or may be subject to taxation by that jurisdiction.
All deficiencies for Taxes asserted or assessed in writing against
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries have been fully and timely
paid, settled or properly reflected in the most recent financial
statements contained in the Wendy’s SEC Documents.
(e) Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries have made available to Triarc correct and complete
copies of all material U.S. federal income Tax Returns, state
income Tax apportionment data, examination reports and statements
of deficiencies, and all such other Tax information available on
the Intralinks data site is correct and complete for taxable
periods, or transactions consummated, for which the applicable
statutory periods of limitations have not yet expired.
(f) There are no material Liens
for Taxes upon any of the assets of Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries, except for statutory Liens for current Taxes not yet
due.
(g) Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries have each withheld (or will withhold) from their
respective employees, independent contractors, creditors,
shareholders and third parties, and timely paid or remitted to the
appropriate Governmental Entity, proper and accurate amounts in all
material respects for all periods ending on or before the Closing
Date in compliance with all Tax withholding and remitting
provisions of applicable Law. Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries
have each complied in all material respects with all Tax
information reporting provisions under applicable Law.
20
(h) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries has constituted a “distributing
corporation” or a “controlled corporation”
(within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a
distribution that could constitute part of a “plan” or
“series of related transactions” (within the meaning of
Section 355(e) of the Code) in conjunction with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(i) Each of the closing
agreements under Section 7121 of the Code or any similar
provision of state, local or foreign Laws and full acceptance
letters (in each case if any) which Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries has executed, entered into or received is valid and
enforceable in accordance with its terms. Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries has committed fraud, collusion, concealment
or malfeasance or made a misrepresentation of material fact in
connection with the execution or entering into of any closing
agreement with, or the receipt of any full acceptance letter or
private letter ruling from (in each case if any), any Governmental
Entity.
(j) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include in a taxable
period ending after the Closing Date taxable income attributable to
income that accrued in a taxable period prior to the Closing Date
but was not recognized for Tax purposes in such prior taxable
period (other than as properly reflected in Wendy’s financial
statements as reserves) as a result of the installment method of
accounting, the completed contract method of accounting, the
long-term contract method of accounting, the cash method of
accounting, Section 481 of the Code, a gain recognition
agreement (within the meaning of Treasury Regulations
Section 1.367(a)-8), any dual consolidated loss (within the
meaning of Code Section 1503(d)).
(k) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries has ever participated in any listed
transaction within the meaning of Treasury Regulations
Section 1.6011-4(b) or taken any position on any Tax Return
that would subject it to a substantial understatement of Tax
penalty under Code Section 6662 which has not been properly
disclosed to the IRS as required by the Code and the Treasury
Regulations promulgated thereunder.
(l) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries has (A) been a “United
States real property holding corporation,” as defined in
Section 897(c)(2) of the Code, at any time during the past
five years or made an election under Section 897(i) of
the Code to be treated as a domestic corporation for purposes of
Sections 897, 1445 and 6039C of the Code or (B) been a
passive foreign investment company within the meaning of
Section 1297 of the Code.
(m) As used in this Agreement,
(i) “ Taxes ” means (x) any and all
domestic or foreign, federal, state, provincial, municipal, local
or other taxes of any kind (together with any and all interest,
penalties, additions to tax and additional amounts imposed with
respect thereto) imposed by any Governmental Entity, whether
disputed or not, including taxes on or with respect to income,
franchises, windfall or other profits, gross receipts, property,
sales, use, capital stock, payroll, employment, unemployment,
social security, workers’ compensation or net worth, and
taxes in the nature of excise, withholding, ad valorem or value
added, (y) all liability for the payment of any amounts of the
type described in clause (x) as a result of successor
liability or as a result of being a member of an affiliated,
consolidated, combined, unitary or aggregate group, and
(z) all liability for the payment of any amounts as a result
of being a party to any tax sharing
21
agreement or as a result of any express or implied obligation to
indemnify any other person with respect to the payment of any
amounts of the type described in clause (x) or (y) and
(ii) “ Tax Return ” means any return,
report, claim for refund, or similar filing (including the attached
schedules) required to be filed with respect to Taxes, including
any information return, statement, or declaration of estimated
Taxes, and including any amendment thereof.
(n) No representation or
warranty is made by Wendy’s in respect of tax matters in any
Section of this Agreement other than in this
Section 3.13.
Section 3.14
Employee Relations Matters .
(a) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries is a party to, or bound by, any collective
bargaining agreement, contract or other agreement or understanding
with a labor union, labor organization, trade union or works
council. Neither Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries has
committed any material unfair labor practice as defined in the
National Labor Relations Act or other applicable Laws, except as
has not had since December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably
be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of
Wendy’s, there are no organizational efforts with respect to
the formation of a collective bargaining unit or, as of the date of
this Agreement, labor union organizing activities being made or
threatened involving employees of Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries.
(b) There are no pending or, to
the knowledge of Wendy’s, threatened arbitrations,
grievances, labor disputes, strikes, lockouts, slowdowns or work
stoppages against Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries, nor has
there been any of the foregoing since December 30, 2007 that
has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or
in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Wendy’s and each of
its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance with all
applicable Laws respecting employment and employment practices,
including all Laws respecting terms and conditions of employment,
health and safety, wages and hours, child labor, immigration,
employment discrimination, disability rights or benefits, equal
opportunity, plant closures and layoffs, affirmative action,
workers’ compensation, labor relations, employee leave issues
and unemployment insurance, except as has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect. Wendy’s and each of its Subsidiaries are not
in any material respect delinquent in payments to any employees or
former employees for any services or amounts required to be
reimbursed or otherwise paid. Neither Wendy’s nor any
of its Subsidiaries is a party to, or otherwise bound by, any order
of any Governmental Entity relating to employees or employment
practices other than any ordinary course settlement with a
Governmental Entity, in each case in an amount not more than
$100,000 individually.
(d) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries has received notice of (i) any unfair
labor practice charge or complaint pending or threatened before the
National Labor Relations Board or any other Governmental Entity
against it, (ii) any complaints, grievances or arbitrations
against it arising out of any collective bargaining agreement,
(iii) any charge or complaint with respect to or relating to
it pending before the Equal Employment Opportunity
22
Commission or any other Governmental Entity responsible for the
prevention of unlawful employment practices, (iv) the intent
of any Governmental Entity responsible for the enforcement of
labor, employment, wages and hours of work, child labor,
immigration, or occupational safety and health Laws to conduct an
investigation with respect to or relating to them or notice that
such investigation is in progress or (v) any complaint,
lawsuit or other proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of
Wendy’s, threatened in any forum by or on behalf of any
present or former employee of such entities, any applicant for
employment or classes of the foregoing alleging breach of any
express or implied contract of employment, any applicable Law
governing employment or the termination thereof or other
discriminatory, wrongful or tortious conduct in connection with the
employment relationship, in the case of each of clauses
(i) through (v), which has had since December 30, 2007 or
would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Neither Wendy’s nor
any of its Subsidiaries is engaged in any layoffs or employment
terminations sufficient in number to trigger application of the
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, as amended (the
“ WARN Act ”) or any similar state, local or
foreign Law. During the ninety (90) day period prior to the
date of this Agreement, not more than thirty (30) employees of
Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries were terminated from any single
site of employment.
(f) As of the date of this
Agreement, no Key Employee of Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries has given notice terminating employment with
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries, which termination will be
effective on or after the date of this Agreement. For the purposes
hereof (“ Key Employee ”) means the Persons set
forth in Section 8.14(a) of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule.
(g) To the knowledge of
Wendy’s, as of the date of this Agreement, Wendy’s and
its Subsidiaries are not bound by any contracts or agreements with,
nor owe any obligations, contingent or otherwise to, any
individuals employed by a Franchisee.
(h) There are no outstanding
assessments, penalties, fines, Liens, charges, surcharges, or other
amounts due or owing pursuant to any workplace safety and insurance
legislation except for any of the foregoing that has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect, and neither Wendy’s nor any of its
Subsidiaries have been reassessed in any material respect under
such legislation since January 1, 2006. To the knowledge of
Wendy’s, as of the date of this Agreement, no audits of
Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries are currently being performed
pursuant to any applicable workplace safety and insurance
legislation.
(i) No representation or
warranty is made by Wendy’s in respect of employee relations
matters in any Section of this Agreement other than in this
Section 3.14.
Section 3.15
Intellectual Property .
(a) Section 3.15 of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth, as of the date
of the Agreement, a complete and accurate list of all material
registered trademarks, service marks, domain names, Internet
addresses and other computer identifiers (collectively,
23
“
Trademarks ”); material registered copyrights (“
Copyrights ”); and all patents, patent applications,
inventions, industrial designs, industrial design applications and
registrations and improvements (collectively, “
Patents ”) in each case owned by Wendy’s or a
Subsidiary of Wendy’s (together, the “ Owned
Intellectual Property ”). Wendy’s or a Subsidiary
of Wendy’s is the sole beneficial and record owner of the
Owned Intellectual Property. All of the Owned Intellectual Property
is valid and enforceable and all registrations, issuances, filings
and applications therefor are valid, subsisting, in full force and
effect and payment of all renewal and maintenance fees in respect
thereof, and all filings related thereto, have been duly made.
Either Wendy’s or a Subsidiary of Wendy’s owns, or is
licensed or otherwise possesses the right to use free and clear of
all Liens (other than Permitted Liens) all Trademarks, Copyrights
and Patents (collectively, “ Intellectual Property
”) used in and material to their respective businesses as
currently conducted. Except for any licenses of Owned Intellectual
Property included in the Franchise Agreements or as set forth on
Section 3.15 of the Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule, neither
Wendy’s nor any Subsidiary thereof has licensed or
sublicensed to any person any material Intellectual Property.
(b) Except as has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect or as set forth on Section 3.15 of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule, (a) as of the date of this
Agreement, there are no pending or, to the knowledge of
Wendy’s, threatened claims by any person alleging
infringement or other violation by Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries of such person’s Intellectual Property, or
seeking to limit, cancel or question the validity of any Owned
Intellectual Property, (b) to the knowledge of Wendy’s,
the conduct of the business of Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries
(including the use of Intellectual Property by Wendy’s, its
Subsidiaries, and their respective licensees in the manner
authorized under their respective license agreements with
Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries) does not infringe or otherwise
violate any Intellectual Property rights of any person, and
(c) to the knowledge of Wendy’s, no person is infringing
or otherwise violating any Intellectual Property of Wendy’s
or any of its Subsidiaries and no such claims have been asserted or
threatened by Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries against any
person within the last three years which remain unresolved.
Section 3.15 of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule sets forth those jurisdictions where, to the
knowledge of Wendy’s, the WENDY’S, WENDY’S OLD
FASHIONED HAMBURGERS and QUALITY IS OUR RECIPE marks are not
available for use and registration by Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries in connection with the operation of restaurants. To
the knowledge of Wendy’s, Wendy’s and each of its
Subsidiaries has complied with all applicable Laws and
Wendy’s own rules, policies and procedures relating to the
collection, use, maintenance and processing of personal
information, including financial information, collected, used,
maintained or processed by Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries,
except for any such non-compliance, default or violation that has
not had since December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s
Material Adverse Effect. No claim is pending or, to the knowledge
of Wendy’s, threatened, with respect to the collection, use,
maintenance or processing of personal information, including
financial information, by Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries
that has had since December 30, 2007 or would reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s
Material Adverse Effect.
24
Section 3.16
Real Property .
(a) Wendy’s or a
Subsidiary of Wendy’s has fee simple title to each real
property owned by Wendy’s or a Subsidiary of Wendy’s
(each, an “ Owned Real Property ”), free and
clear of all Liens and defects in title, other than Permitted
Liens. Except as may be granted in any Real Property Leases or Real
Property Subleases or disclosed by any title commitment, title
policy, survey or other document made available to Triarc, each
Owned Real Property is not subject to any rights of purchase, offer
or first refusal that are not recorded in the appropriate office of
the county in which the property is located.
(b) Wendy’s or a
Subsidiary of Wendy’s has a good leasehold estate in each
lease of real property (“ Real Property Leases
”), under which Wendy’s or a Subsidiary of
Wendy’s is a tenant or a subtenant (“ Leased Real
Property ”), in each case free and clear of all Liens and
defects in title, other than Permitted Liens. Neither Wendy’s
nor any Subsidiary of Wendy’s is in breach of or default
under the terms of any Real Property Lease, except for any such
breach or default that has not had since December 30, 2007 and
would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. To the
knowledge of Wendy’s, no other party to any Real Property
Lease is in breach of or default under the terms of any Real
Property Lease, which breach or default has had since
December 30, 2007 or would reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material Adverse
Effect. Each Real Property Lease is a valid and binding obligation
of Wendy’s or the Subsidiary of Wendy’s which is party
thereto and, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, of each other party
thereto, and is in full force and effect, except that (i) such
enforcement may be subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar Laws, now or hereafter
in effect, relating to creditors’ rights generally and
(ii) equitable remedies of specific performance and injunctive
and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to equitable
defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any
proceeding therefor may be brought.
(c) Section 3.16(c) of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth, as of the date
of this Agreement, a true and complete list of all leases,
subleases or similar agreements under which Wendy’s or a
Subsidiary of Wendy’s is the landlord or the sublandlord
(such leases, subleases and similar agreements, collectively, the
“ Real Property Subleases ”). Neither
Wendy’s nor any Subsidiary of Wendy’s is in breach of
or default under the terms of any Real Property Sublease, except
for any such breach or default that has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of Wendy’s, no other party
to any Real Property Sublease is in breach of or default under the
terms of any Real Property Sublease except for any such breach or
default that has not had since December 30, 2007 and would not
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. Each Real Property Sublease
is a valid and binding obligation of Wendy’s or the
Subsidiary of Wendy’s which is party thereto and, to the
knowledge of Wendy’s, of each other party thereto, and is in
full force and effect, except that (i) such enforcement may be
subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium or other similar Laws, now or hereafter in effect,
relating to creditors’ rights generally and
(ii) equitable remedies of specific performance and injunctive
and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to equitable
defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any
proceeding therefor may be brought.
25
Section 3.17
Opinion of Financial Advisor . The Special Committee and the
Board of Directors have each received the opinion of Greenhill
& Co (the “ Advisor ”) dated the date of
this Agreement, to the effect that, as of such date, the Merger
Consideration to be received by the holders of the Common Shares is
fair to such holders from a financial point of view. An executed
copy of each such opinion has been made available to Triarc. As of
the date of this Agreement, no such opinion has been withdrawn,
revoked or modified.
Section 3.18
Required Vote of Wendy’s Shareholders . Subject to the
accuracy of the representations and warranties of Triarc and Merger
Sub in Section 4.24, the affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding Common Shares on the record date of the
Wendy’s Meeting is the only vote of holders of securities of
Wendy’s which is required to adopt this Agreement and the
Merger (the “ Wendy’s Shareholder Approval
”); provided, however, that if a Recommendation Withdrawal
occurs, the affirmative vote of greater than 75% of the outstanding
Common Shares on the record date of the Wendy’s Meeting shall
be required to adopt this Agreement and the Merger.
Section 3.19
Takeover Statutes; Shareholder Rights Plan . The Board of
Directors, at a meeting duly called and held, has approved, for
purposes of Chapter 1704 of the Ohio Revised Code and for
purposes of the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement between
Wendy’s and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, dated
December 8, 1997, as amended from time to time (the “
Rights Plan ”), the Merger and the acquisition by
Triarc of the common shares of the Surviving Corporation pursuant
to the Merger. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing,
Wendy’s has taken all necessary action so that
(x) neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor
the consummation of the Merger or the other transactions
contemplated hereby will (i) cause the rights granted under
the Rights Plan to become exercisable, (ii) cause Triarc or
Merger Sub, or any affiliate of Triarc or Merger Sub to become an
“Acquiring Person” (as defined in the Rights Plan) or
(iii) give rise to a “Distribution Date” (as
defined in the Rights Plan) or other triggering event under the
Rights Plan and (y) the rights granted under the Rights Plan
shall terminate not later than immediately prior to the Effective
Time. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties
contained in Section 4.24, as of the date of this Agreement,
no “fair price,” “business combination,”
“moratorium,” “control share acquisition”
or other anti-takeover statute or similar statute or regulation
enacted by any state will prohibit or impair the consummation of
the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
Section 3.20
Material Contracts .
(a) Except as listed as an
exhibit on any Filed Wendy’s SEC Document, as of the date of
this Agreement, neither Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries
is a party to or bound by any “material contract” (as
such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K
of the SEC), other than those agreements and arrangements described
in Item 601(b)(10)(iii)) with respect to Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole (all contracts of the type described
in this Section 3.20(a) being referred to herein as “
Wendy’s Material Contracts ”).
(b) Neither Wendy’s nor
any Subsidiary of Wendy’s is in breach of or default under
the terms of any Wendy’s Material Contract, except for any
such breach or default that has not had and would not reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
26
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of
Wendy’s, no other party to any Wendy’s Material
Contract is in breach of or default under the terms of any
Wendy’s Material Contract except for any such breach or
default that has not had and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect. Each Wendy’s Material Contract is a valid and
binding obligation of Wendy’s or the Subsidiary of
Wendy’s which is party thereto and, to the knowledge of
Wendy’s, of each other party thereto, and is in full force
and effect, except that (i) such enforcement may be subject to
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar Laws, now or hereafter in effect, relating to
creditors’ rights generally and (ii) equitable remedies
of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable
relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion
of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be
brought.
Section 3.21
Franchise Matters .
(a) Section 3.21(a) of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and
complete list of all franchise agreements, license agreements,
subfranchise agreements, sublicense agreements, master franchise
agreements, development agreements, market development agreements
and reserved area agreements (each a “ Franchise
Agreement ” and, collectively, the “ Franchise
Agreements ”) that are effective as of the date of this
Agreement to which Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries is a
party or by which Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries or its
or their properties is bound (other than any such agreements only
between Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries or among its
Subsidiaries) and which grant or purport to grant to a Franchisee
the right to operate or license others to operate or to develop
within a specific geographic area or at a specific location any of
the following (each a “ Franchise ”):
“Wendy’s” restaurants and “Pasta
Pomodoro” restaurants (each a “ Franchised
Restaurant ”). True, correct and complete copies of
all forms of Franchise Agreements used by Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries have been made available to Triarc.
(b) All Franchise Agreements
comply with all applicable Laws, except for any non-compliance that
has not had since December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably
be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Since January 2, 2007,
(i) Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries have prepared and
maintained each UFOC in compliance in all material respects with:
(A) the UFOC Guidelines; (B) the FTC Rule and
(C) applicable Registration Laws; and (ii) Wendy’s
and its Subsidiaries have offered and sold each franchise for a
Franchised Restaurant to be located in any non-United States
Jurisdiction (the “ Foreign Franchises ”), and
have prepared and maintained each IFOC, in compliance with
applicable Laws, including pre-sale registration and disclosure
Laws, in all cases except for any non-compliance that has not had
since December 30, 2007, and would not reasonably be expected
to have, a Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Since January 2, 2007,
Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries have not, in any UFOC, IFOC,
other franchise disclosure document, in applications and/or filings
with states under the Registration Laws, or in any applications or
filings with any non-United States Jurisdictions, made any untrue
statement of a material fact, omitted to state a material fact
required to be stated therein, or omitted to state any fact
necessary to make the statements made
27
therein,
taken as a whole, not misleading, except to the extent any such
matter would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Wendy’s Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Wendy’s and its
Subsidiaries have not furnished, and have not authorized any Person
to furnish: (i) to prospective franchisees in any United
States Jurisdiction any materials or information that could be
construed as “earnings claim” information in violation
of the requirements specified in Item 19 of the UFOC
Guidelines or a “financial performance representation”
in violation of § 436.1(e) of the FTC Rule (together,
“ Earnings Claim(s) ”), and unless otherwise
permitted by applicable Law (including pre-sale registration and
disclosure Laws) no Earnings Claim has been made since
January 2, 2007 to any prospective Franchisee in any United
States Jurisdiction; or (ii) to prospective franchisees in any
non-United States Jurisdiction any materials or information from
which a specific level or range of actual or potential sales,
costs, income or profit from franchised or non-franchised units may
be easily ascertained in violation of applicable IFOC requirements
or otherwise in violation of applicable Law.
(f) Section 3.21(f) of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth all Contracts
pursuant to which Wendy’s and/or any of its Subsidiaries or
affiliates receives Rebates as a result of transactions between the
Franchisees and suppliers selling products or services to the
Franchisees. When Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries or
affiliates buys products, goods and services from a supplier, such
supplier charges Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries or affiliates
for these items on the same basis as the supplier charges a
Franchisee operating a Franchised Restaurant for similar products,
goods and services purchased for use in connection with such
Franchised Restaurant. No Contract pursuant to which
Wendy’s or its Subsidiaries or affiliates receives a Rebate
is (i) prohibited by any Franchise Agreement, (ii) not
disclosed in accordance with the UFOC Guidelines and/or the FTC
Rule in the relevant UFOC, if applicable or (iii) not
disclosed in accordance with applicable Law with respect to Foreign
Franchises.
(g) Section 3.21(g) of
the Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and
complete list of the Contracts other than the Franchise Agreements
that are in effect as of the date hereof with any formal franchisee
association or group of Franchisees regarding any Franchise
Agreement or franchise operational matter.
(h) Section 3.21(h) of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and
complete list of the Franchisees, if any, that to the knowledge of
Wendy’s are currently the subject of a bankruptcy or similar
proceeding.
(i) Wendy’s has made
available to Triarc a true and complete copy of each Current UFOC
and Current IFOC.
(j) For purposes of this
Agreement:
“ Current IFOC ”
means the Franchise Offering Circulars in use in connection with
the offer or sale of franchises in non-United States Jurisdictions
as of the date of this Agreement.
“ Current UFOC ”
means the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular or Franchise
Disclosure Document in use in connection with the offer or sale of
franchises in a United States
28
Jurisdiction (or to a person domiciled in a United States
Jurisdiction) as of the date of this Agreement.
“ Franchisee ”
means a person other than Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries
that is granted a right (whether directly by Wendy’s or any
of its Subsidiaries or by another Franchisee) to develop or
operate, and/or is granted a right to license others to develop or
operate a Franchised Restaurant within a specific geographic area
or at a specific location.
“ FTC Rule ” means
the Trade Regulation Rule on Disclosure Requirements and
Prohibitions Concerning Franchising and Business Opportunity
Ventures promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission, 16 CFR
Part 436.
“ IFOC ” means a
Franchise Offering Circular for use in connection with the offer or
sale of franchises in non-United States Jurisdictions.
“ Rebates ” means
“rebates” as defined for purposes of the UFOC and
applicable United States Jurisdiction Law with respect to
Franchises in United States Jurisdictions and rebates and similar
payments regulated or required to be disclosed under applicable
non-United States Jurisdiction Law with respect to non-United
States Jurisdictions, as applicable.
“ Registration Laws
” means any and all Laws of the various states of the United
States that require disclosure and/or registration before a company
may offer and/or sell franchises or business opportunities.
“ Relationship Laws
” means any and all Laws of general applicability to the
franchise relationship, whether under the Laws of the various
states of the United States or outside the United States that,
among other things, govern the terms or conditions upon which a
franchise may be terminated, assigned, renewed, or that in other
respects govern the franchisor-franchisee relationship.
“ UFOC ” means a
Franchise Offering Circular or Franchise Disclosure Document for
use in connection with the offer or sale of a franchise in a United
States Jurisdiction (or to a person domiciled in a United States
Jurisdiction).
“ UFOC Guidelines
” means the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular Guidelines
adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association
on April 25, 1993 or, to the extent permitted under applicable
Law, the Interim Guidelines for Filing a Uniform Franchise
Registration Application Using the New FTC Franchise Rule After
July 1, 2007 adopted by the North American Securities
Administrators Association on June 22, 2007.
“ United States
Jurisdictions ” means the United States of America, its
territories and possessions.
Section 3.22
Wendy’s Joint Ventures . Section 3.22 of the
Wendy’s Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and
accurate list of joint ventures in which Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries has an equity interest which individually have
assets valued at $10 million or more (the “
Wendy’s Joint Ventures ”). The governing
instruments of the Wendy’s Joint Ventures are set forth on
Section 3.22 of the Wendy’s Disclosure
Schedule (such Contracts, the
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“
Wendy’s JV Contracts ”). Except as has not had
since December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected
to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Wendy’s Material
Adverse Effect, (i) each Wendy’s JV Contract is a valid
and binding obligation of Wendy’s or a Subsidiary of
Wendy’s (and, to the knowledge of Wendy’s, of the
counterparty thereto) and is in full force and effect and
enforceable against Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries (and,
to the knowledge of Wendy’s, against the counterparty
thereto) in accordance with its terms, except as such
enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy,
reorganization, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium,
receivership or similar Laws relating to or affecting
creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of
equity (whether considered in equity or at law), (ii) neither
Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries is in breach of, or
default under, any such Wendy’s JV Contract, (iii) to
the knowledge of Wendy’s, there are no outstanding and
uncured notices of default issued by Wendy’s or any of its
Subsidiaries to any counterparty alleging breach of, or default
under, any such Wendy’s JV Contract and (iv) to the
knowledge of Wendy’s, no event has occurred that would
reasonably be expected to result in a breach of, or a default
under, any Wendy’s JV Contract. Wendy’s has made
available to Triarc copies or summaries of all material
Wendy’s JV Contracts.
Section 3.23
Finders or Brokers . Except for J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.,
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., and Greenhill & Co., neither
Wendy’s nor any of its Subsidiaries has employed any
investment banker, broker or finder in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement who is entitled to any
fee or any commission in connection with or upon consummation of
the Merger.
Section 3.24
Insurance . Wendy’s and its Subsidiaries own or hold
policies of insurance in amounts that Wendy’s has determined
in good faith provide reasonably adequate coverage for its business
and in amounts sufficient to comply with (i) applicable Law
and (ii) all Wendy’s Material Contracts to which
Wendy’s or any of its Subsidiaries are parties or are
otherwise bound.
Section 3.25
Affiliate Transactions . There are no transactions,
agreements or arrangements between (i) Wendy’s or any of
its Subsidiaries on the one hand, and (ii) any director,
executive officer or affiliate of Wendy’s (other than any of
its Subsidiaries) or any of their respective affiliates or
immediate family members, on the other hand, of the type that would
be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of
Regulation S-K under the Securities Act which have not been so
disclosed prior to the date hereof (such transactions referred to
herein as “ Affiliate Transactions ”).
Section 3.26
Unrestricted Cash . As of April 22, 2008, Wendy’s
had at least $165 million of unrestricted cash and cash
equivalents in bank accounts maintained in the United States.
ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF TRIARC AND MERGER SUB
Except as disclosed in the Filed
Triarc SEC Documents or in the Triarc Disclosure Schedules, in each
case, subject to Section 8.13(b), Triarc and Merger Sub
represent and warrant to Wendy’s as follows:
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Section 4.1
Qualification; Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
(a) Each of Triarc and Merger
Sub and their respective Subsidiaries is a legal entity validly
existing and in good standing under the Laws of its respective
jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite corporate or
similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its
properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently
conducted and is qualified to do business and is in good standing
as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the ownership,
leasing or operation of its assets or properties or conduct of its
business requires such qualification, except where the failure to
be so qualified or in good standing, or to have such power or
authority has not had since December 30, 2007 and would not
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Triarc Material Adverse Effect.
(b) As used in this Agreement,
“ Triarc Material Adverse Effect ” means any
change, effect, event, occurrence or state of facts that is
materially adverse to the assets, properties, business or financial
condition or results of operations of Triarc and its Subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, but shall not include an effect arising from
facts, circumstances, events or changes, (a) generally
affecting the quick service restaurant industry in the United
States or the economy or the financial or securities markets in the
United States or elsewhere in the world, including regulatory,
social or political conditions or developments (including any
outbreak or escalation of hostilities or acts of war, whether or
not pursuant to the declaration of a national emergency or war, or
acts of terrorism) or changes in interest rates or (b) to the
extent resulting from (i) the announcement of, or compliance
with, this Agreement or the announcement of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement other than for purposes of
Section 4.2 and 4.9(g) (and the condition contained in
Section 6.2(a) with respect thereto), (ii) any litigation
arising from allegations of a breach of fiduciary duty or other
violation of applicable Law relating to this Agreement or the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iii) changes in
applicable Law or GAAP or interpretation thereof,
(iv) changes, solely in and of themselves, in the market price
or trading volume of the Class A Common Stock or the Triarc
Class B Common Stock, (v) changes, solely in and of
themselves, in any analyst’s recommendations, any financial
strength rating or any other recommendations or ratings as to
Triarc or its Subsidiaries (including, in and of itself, any
failure to meet analyst projections), (vi) the loss by Triarc
or any of its Subsidiaries of any of its customers, suppliers,
franchisees or employees as a result of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, (vii) weather, (viii) the
seasonality of the business of Triarc and its Subsidiaries,
(ix) effects of public perceptions of food safety applicable
to the quick service restaurant industry generally or (x) the
failure, in and of itself, of Triarc to meet any expected or
projected financial or operating performance target, but not any
underlying cause of such failures, whether internal or published,
for any period ending on or after the date of this Agreement as
well as any change, in and of itself, by Triarc in any expected or
projected financial or operating performance target as compared
with any target prior to the date of this Agreement;
provided , however , that any change, effect,
development, event or occurrence described in each of clauses (a),
(b)(iii), (b)(vii) and (b)(ix) above shall not constitute or
give rise to a Triarc Material Adverse Effect only if and to the
extent that such change, effect, development, event or occurrence
does not have a materially disproportionate effect on Triarc and
its Subsidiaries as compared to other persons in the quick service
restaurant industry and provided further that the facts,
circumstances or events underlying the change or failure in
clauses (b)(iv), (b)(v) and (b)(x) above shall not be
excluded to the extent such facts, circumstances or events would
otherwise constitute a Triarc Material Adverse Effect. For
the
31
avoidance of doubt, (a) Triarc’s results of operations
for the quarter ended March 30, 2008 and (b) the trend
reflected therein shall not constitute a Triarc Material Adverse
Effect.
(c) Triarc has made available to
Wendy’s prior to the date of this Agreement a true and
complete copy of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws or
other equivalent organizational documents of Triarc and Merger Sub
and each of their respective Triarc Material Subsidiaries, each as
amended through the date of this Agreement. The certificate of
incorporation and bylaws or similar organizational documents of
Triarc and Merger Sub and each of their respective Triarc Material
Subsidiaries are in full force and effect. None of Triarc, Merger
Sub or any of their respective Triarc Material Subsidiaries is in
violation of any provisions of its certificate of incorporation or
bylaws or similar organizational documents, other than such
violations as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Triarc Material Adverse
Effect.
Section 4.2
Corporate Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
.
(a) Each of Triarc and Merger
Sub has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into
this Agreement and, subject to the Triarc Stockholder Approval, to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and
delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby have been duly and validly authorized by
(a) the boards of directors of Triarc and Merger Sub, and
except for (i) the Triarc Stockholder Approval, and the
adoption (which Triarc shall cause to occur immediately following
the execution and delivery of this Agreement) of this Agreement by
Triarc, in its capacity as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub,
(ii) the filing of the Triarc Charter Amendment with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, (iii) the
designation of the Newly Authorized Stock as Class A Common
Stock by Triarc’s board of directors, (iv) the filing of
the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State
of Ohio in respect of the Merger and (v) any consents,
authorizations, approvals, filings or exceptions in connections
with compliance with the rules of the New York Stock Exchange
with respect to the Class A Common Stock to be issued in the
Merger, no other corporate proceedings on the part of Triarc and
Merger Sub are necessary to authorize the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby. The Triarc Board of Directors, at
a meeting duly called and held, has duly adopted resolutions
(1) approving this Agreement and the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, (2) declaring that (x) it
is in the best interests of the stockholders of Triarc and
advisable that Triarc enter into this Agreement and consummate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement on the terms and
subject to the conditions set forth herein and (y) the Triarc
Charter Amendment is advisable, (3) directing that the Triarc
Stockholder Approval Matters be submitted to a vote at a meeting of
the stockholders of Triarc and (4) recommending that the
stockholders of Triarc approve the Triarc Stockholder Approval
Matters (the item set forth in clause (4) of this sentence,
the “ Triarc Recommendation ”). This Agreement
has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Triarc and
Merger Sub and, assuming this Agreement constitutes the valid and
binding agreement of Wendy’s, this Agreement constitutes the
valid and binding agreement of Triarc and Merger Sub, enforceable
against each of Triarc and Merger Sub in accordance with its
terms.
32
(b) Subject to the accuracy of
the representations and warranties of Wendy’s in
Section 3.3(b), no authorization, consent, permit, action or
approval of, or filing with, or notification to, any Governmental
Entity is necessary, under applicable Law, for the consummation by
Triarc or Merger Sub or any of their respective Subsidiaries of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for such
authorizations, consents, permits, actions, approvals,
notifications and filings required under (i) the OGCL and the
DGCL, (ii) the Securities Act, (iii) the Exchange Act,
(iv) the HSR Act, (v) the Competition Act and
(vi) the items set forth on Section 4.2(b) of the Triarc
Disclosure Schedule (collectively, the “ Triarc
Approvals ”), and except for such authorizations,
consents, permits, actions, approvals, notifications or filings
that, if not obtained or made, would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Triarc Material Adverse
Effect.
(c) The execution and delivery
by Triarc and Merger Sub of this Agreement do not, and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and compliance
with the provisions of this Agreement will not (i) result in
any violation of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of
time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination,
amendment, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the
loss of a benefit under, any Triarc Material Contract,
(ii) conflict with or result in any violation of any provision
of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other equivalent
organizational document, in each case as amended, of Triarc or
Merger Sub or (iii) conflict with or violate any applicable
Laws, other than, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), any
such violation, conflict, default, termination, amendment,
cancellation, acceleration, right or loss that has not had since
December 30, 2007 and would not reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Triarc Material Adverse
Effect.
Section 4.3
Capital Stock .
(a) As of the date hereof, the
authorized capital stock of Triarc consists of (i) 100,000,000
shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share (the
“ Class A Common Stock ”),
(ii) 150,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par
value $0.10 per share (the “ Class B Common Stock
”), of which 100,000,000 shares have been designated as
Triarc Class B Common Stock, Series 1 (the “Triarc
Class B Common Stock”) and (iii) 100,000,000 shares
of Preferred Stock, par value $0.10 per share (“ Triarc
Preferred Stock ”). As of the Effective Time, and
following the effectiveness of the Triarc Charter Amendment, the
authorized capital stock of Triarc will consist of
(i) 1,500,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, and
(ii) 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.10
per share ( the “ Preferred Stock ”). The shares
of Class A Common Stock to be issued in the Merger will be
duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of
Triarc and when issued in accordance with the terms hereof will be
validly issued, fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive
rights. As of the close of business on April 15, 2008,
(i) 29,550,924 shares of Class A Common Stock and
64,106,190 shares of Triarc Class B Common Stock were issued
and outstanding, (ii) 639,899 shares of Class A Common
Stock and 187,692 shares of Triarc Class B Common Stock were
held in treasury by Triarc, (iii) 450,086 shares of
Class A Common Stock and 4,745,388 shares of Triarc
Class B Common Stock were reserved for issuance upon the
exercise of outstanding options under Triarc’s stock plans
set forth in Section 4.3(a) of the Triarc Disclosure
Schedule (the “ Triarc Option Plans ”),
(iv) 52,419 shares of Class A Common Stock and 106,774
shares of Triarc Class B Common Stock were reserved for
issuance upon conversion of
33
outstanding 5% Convertible Notes due 2023 of Triarc (the “
Triarc Convertible Notes ”) and (v) no shares of
Triarc Preferred Stock were issued or outstanding. All outstanding
shares of Class A Common Stock and Triarc Class B Common
Stock, and all shares reserved for issuance as noted in the
immediately preceding clause (iii), when issued in accordance with
the respective terms thereof, are or will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not issued in
violation of any preemptive rights, purchase option, call or right
of first refusal rights.
(b) As of the date hereof, the
authorized capital stock of Merger Sub consists of 1000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which 100 are validly
issued and outstanding and all of the issued and outstanding
capital stock of Merger Sub is, and until the Effective Time will
be owned by Triarc. Merger Sub will not have outstanding any
option, warrant, right, or any other agreement pursuant to which
any person may acquire any equity security of Merger Sub. Merger
Sub has not conducted any business prior to the date of this
Agreement and prior to the Effective Time, will have, no assets,
liabilities or obligations of any nature other than those incident
to its formation and pursuant to this Agreement and the Merger and
the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(c) Except as set forth in
subsection (a) above, as of the date of this Agreement,
(i) Triarc does not have any shares of its capital stock
issued or outstanding other than shares of Class A Common
Stock and Triarc Class B Common Stock that have become
outstanding after April 15, 2008, and were reserved for
issuance as set forth in subsection (a) above and
(ii) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, stock
appreciation rights, warrants, calls, convertible securities,
restricted stock units, performance units, deferred stock units or
other similar rights, agreements or commitments relating to the
issuance of capital stock or voting securities to which Triarc
or any of its Subsidiaries is a party obligating Triarc or any of
its Subsidiaries to (A) issue, transfer or sell any shares of
capital stock or other equity interests of Triarc or any Subsidiary
of Triarc or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such
shares or equity interests, (B) grant, extend or enter into
any such subscription, option, stock appreciation right, warrant,
call, convertible securities, restricted stock units, performance
units, deferred stock units or other similar right, agreement or
arrangement, (C) redeem or otherwise acquire, or vote or
dispose of, any such shares of capital stock or other equity
interests or (D) provide a material amount of funds to, or
make any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital
contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary of Triarc.
(d) Except as set forth in
subsection (a) above, neither Triarc nor any of its
Subsidiaries has outstanding any bonds, debentures, notes or other
obligations the holders of which have the right to vote (or are
convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right to
vote) with stockholders of Triarc on any matter.
(e) There are no voting trusts,
proxies or other agreements or understandings to which Triarc or
any of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect to the voting of
the capital stock or other equity interests of Triarc or any of its
Subsidiaries.
(f) All outstanding shares of
capital stock of, or other equity interests in, each Subsidiary of
Triarc are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable and were not issued in violation of any preemptive
rights, purchase option, call or right of first refusal
34
rights.
All the outstanding shares of capital stock of, or other equity
interests in, each Subsidiary of Triarc that are owned by Triarc or
a Subsidiary of Triarc are free and clear of all Liens other than
Permitted Liens.
Section 4.4
Reports and Financial Statements .
(a) Triarc has filed or
furnished all forms, documents and reports required to be filed or
furnished since January 2, 2006 by it with the SEC (the
“ Triarc SEC Documents ”). As of their
respective dates, or, if amended, as of the date of the last such
amendment (excluding any amendments made after the date of this
Agreement), the Triarc SEC Documents complied in all material
respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the applicable rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder, and none of the Triarc SEC
Documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. To the
knowledge of Triarc, none of the Triarc SEC Documents is the
subject of any outstanding SEC comments or outstanding SEC
investigation. No Subsidiary of Triarc is required to file any form
or report with the SEC.
(b) The consolidated financial
statements (including all related notes and schedules) of Triarc
included in Triarc SEC Documents fairly present in all material
respects the consolidated financial position of Triarc and its
consolidated Subsidiaries, as at the respective dates thereof, and
the consolidated results of their operations and their consolidated
cash flows for the respective periods then ended (subject, in the
case of the unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit
adjustments and to any other adjustments described therein,
including the notes thereto) in each case in accordance with GAAP
(except, in the case of the unaudited statements, as permitted by
the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved
(except as may be indicated therein or in the notes thereto).
Section 4.5
Internal Controls and Procedures . Triarc has established
and maintains disclosure controls and procedures and internal
control over financial reporting (as such terms are defined in
paragraphs (e) and (f), respectively, of Rule 13a-15
under the Exchange Act) as required by Rule 13a-15 under the
Exchange Act. Triarc’s disclosure controls and procedures are
reasonably designed to provide reasonable assurance that all
material information required to be disclosed by Triarc in the
reports that it files or furnishes under the Exchange Act is
recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time
periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that all
such material information is accumulated and communicated to
Triarc’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions
regarding required discl
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