|
EXHIBIT 2.1
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
among
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CORP.,
COMTECH TA CORP.
and
RADYNE CORPORATION
Dated as of May 10,
2008
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
i
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
(Continued)
ii
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
(Continued)
iii
TABLE OF DEFINED
TERMS
The following terms are defined in the
section of this Agreement set forth after such term
below:
|
|
|
|
Acceptable Confidentiality
Agreement
|
|
SECTION 7.05(b) |
|
accredited investor
|
|
SECTION
2.03(d) |
|
Acquisition Proposal
|
|
SECTION
7.05(a) |
|
Action
|
|
SECTION
4.10 |
|
Agreement
|
|
PREAMBLE |
|
Anti-takeover Laws
|
|
SECTION
4.04(b) |
|
Appointment Time
|
|
SECTION
7.03(a) |
|
Blue Sky Laws
|
|
SECTION
4.05(b) |
|
Board
|
|
RECITALS |
|
Burdensome Condition
|
|
SECTION
7.08(d) |
|
Certificate of Merger
|
|
SECTION
3.02 |
|
Certificates
|
|
SECTION
3.11(b) |
|
Change in Board
Recommendation
|
|
SECTION
7.05(c) |
|
Common Parent
|
|
SECTION
4.16(k) |
|
Company
|
|
PREAMBLE |
|
Company 2007 Form 10-K
|
|
SECTION
4.08(b) |
|
Company Leases
|
|
SECTION
4.14(c) |
|
Company Stock Option
|
|
SECTION
3.07 |
|
Company Stock Option Plans
|
|
SECTION
3.07 |
|
Company Subleases
|
|
SECTION
4.14(c) |
|
Confidentiality Agreement
|
|
SECTION
7.04(b) |
|
covered employees
|
|
SECTION
4.11(i) |
|
Deal Expenses
|
|
SECTION
9.03(b) |
|
definitive material agreement
|
|
SECTION
4.19(a) |
|
DGCL
|
|
RECITALS |
|
Disclosure Schedule
|
|
ARTICLE
IV |
|
Dissenting Shares
|
|
SECTION
3.10(a) |
|
Effective Time
|
|
SECTION
3.02 |
|
ERISA
|
|
SECTION
4.11(a) |
|
ERISA Affiliate
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
ESPP
|
|
SECTION
3.09 |
|
excess parachute payments
|
|
SECTION
4.11(d) |
|
Exchange Act
|
|
SECTION
2.01(a) |
|
Expiration Date
|
|
SECTION
2.01(b) |
|
Fairness Opinion
|
|
SECTION
2.02(a) |
|
Fully Diluted Basis
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
GAAP
|
|
SECTION
4.07(b) |
|
Governmental Authority
|
|
SECTION
4.05(b) |
|
Hazardous Substances
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
Indemnified Parties
|
|
SECTION
7.07(b) |
|
Independent Directors
|
|
SECTION
7.03(c) |
|
Insurance Policies
|
|
SECTION
4.20 |
|
Intellectual Property
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
IP Contracts
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
iv
TABLE OF DEFINED
TERMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
IRS
|
|
SECTION 4.11(a) |
|
Law
|
|
SECTION
4.05(a) |
|
Leased Property
|
|
SECTION
4.14(c) |
|
Leases
|
|
SECTION
4.14(c) |
|
Lien
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
listed transaction
|
|
SECTION 4.16(k) |
|
material contracts
|
|
SECTION
4.19(a) |
|
material weakness
|
|
SECTION
4.07(c) |
|
Material Adverse Effect
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
Merger
|
|
RECITALS |
|
Merger Consideration
|
|
SECTION
3.06(a) |
|
Minimum Condition
|
|
ANNEX
A |
|
multiemployer plan
|
|
SECTION
4.11(f) |
|
NASDAQ
|
|
SECTION
7.03(c) |
|
nonqualified deferred compensation
plan
|
|
SECTION
4.11(j) |
|
Offer
|
|
RECITALS |
|
Offer Documents
|
|
SECTION
2.01(d) |
|
Offer to Purchase
|
|
SECTION
2.01(d) |
|
Option Payment
|
|
SECTION
3.07 |
|
Outside Date
|
|
SECTION 9.01(b)(i) |
|
Parent
|
|
PREAMBLE |
|
Paying Agent
|
|
SECTION
3.11(a) |
|
Per Share Amount
|
|
RECITALS |
|
Permits
|
|
SECTION
4.06 |
|
Permitted Lien
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
|
Personal Property
|
|
SECTION
4.14(a) |
|
Plans
|
|
SECTION
4.11(a) |
|
Proxy Statement
|
|
SECTION
4.13 |
|
Purchaser
|
|
PREAMBLE |
|
reportable transaction
|
|
SECTION
4.16(k) |
|
Restraints
|
|
SECTION
8.01(b) |
|
Restricted Stock Unit
|
|
SECTION
3.08 |
|
Restricted Stock Unit Payment
|
|
SECTION
3.08 |
|
Sarbanes Oxley
|
|
SECTION
4.07(d) |
|
Schedule 14D-9
|
|
SECTION
2.02(b) |
|
Schedule TO
|
|
SECTION
2.01(d) |
|
SEC
|
|
SECTION
2.01(b) |
|
SEC Reports
|
|
SECTION
4.07(a) |
|
SEC Staff
|
|
SECTION
2.01(b) |
|
Securities Act
|
|
SECTION
4.07(a) |
|
Shares
|
|
RECITALS |
|
significant deficiency
|
|
SECTION
4.07(c) |
|
Stockholders’ Meeting
|
|
SECTION
7.01(a) |
|
Superior Proposal
|
|
SECTION
7.05(h) |
|
Surviving Corporation
|
|
SECTION
3.03 |
|
Taxes
|
|
SECTION
1.01 |
v
TABLE OF DEFINED
TERMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
Tax Return
|
|
SECTION 1.01 |
|
Tax shelter
|
|
SECTION 4.16(k) |
|
Tender Offer Conditions
|
|
SECTION
2.01(a) |
|
Termination Fee
|
|
SECTION
9.03(b) |
|
Top-Up Option
|
|
SECTION
2.03(a) |
|
Top-Up Option Shares
|
|
SECTION
2.03(a) |
|
Transactions
|
|
SECTION
2.02(a) |
vi
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
This AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into as
of May 10, 2008, by and among COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CORP., a Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”),
COMTECH TA CORP., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Parent (“ Purchaser ”), and RADYNE
CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company
”).
WHEREAS, the Boards of
Directors of Parent, Purchaser and the Company have each determined
that it is in the best interests of their respective stockholders
for Parent to acquire the Company upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein;
WHEREAS, in furtherance of
such acquisition, it is proposed that Purchaser shall make a cash
tender offer to acquire all the issued and outstanding shares of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (“
Shares ”) for $11.50 per Share (such amount, or any
greater amount per Share paid pursuant to the Offer, being the
“ Per Share Amount ”), net to the seller in cash
(the “ Offer ”), upon the terms and subject to
the conditions of this Agreement and the Offer;
WHEREAS, the Board of
Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”) has
unanimously approved the making of the Offer and resolved to
recommend that holders of Shares tender their Shares pursuant to
the Offer; and
WHEREAS, also in furtherance
of such acquisition, the Boards of Directors of Parent, Purchaser
and the Company have each approved this Agreement and declared its
advisability and approved the merger (the “ Merger
”) of Purchaser with and into the Company in accordance with
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “
DGCL ”), following the consummation of the Offer and
upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth
herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and
agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound
hereby, Parent, Purchaser and the Company hereby agree as
follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.01 Definitions. For purposes of
this Agreement:
“ affiliate
” of a specified person means a person who directly, or
indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is
controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified
person.
“ beneficial
owner ”, with respect to any Shares, has the meaning
ascribed to such term under Rule 13d-3(a) of the Exchange
Act.
“ business day
” means any day on which the principal offices of the SEC in
Washington, D.C. are open to accept filings, or, in the case of
determining a date when any payment is due, any day
1
(other than a Saturday or Sunday) on
which banks are not required or authorized to close in the city of
Phoenix, Arizona.
“ code ”
means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“ control
” (including the terms “ controlled by ”
and “ under common control with ”) means the
possession, directly or indirectly, or as trustee or executor, of
the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and
policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, as trustee or executor, by contract or credit
arrangement or otherwise.
“ Environmental
Laws ” means any federal, state, local, or foreign law,
regulation, ordinance, code, decree, applicable judgment, common
law standard, or other enforceable requirement of Governmental
Authorities relating to (i) releases of Hazardous Substances;
(ii) the manufacture, handling, transport, use, treatment,
storage or disposal of Hazardous Substances; or
(iii) pollution or protection of the environment.
“ ERISA
Affiliate ” means any trade or business (whether or not
incorporated) under common control with the Company or any
Subsidiary and which, together with the Company or any Subsidiary,
is treated as a single employer within the meaning of
Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the
Code.
“ Fully Diluted
Basis ” means after taking into account all outstanding
Shares and assuming the exercise, conversion or exchange of all
options, warrants, convertible or exchangeable securities and
similar rights and the issuance of all Shares that the Company is
obligated to issue thereunder.
“ Hazardous
Substances ” means (i) those substances regulated
under the United States Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Clean
Water Act and the Clean Air Act; (ii) petroleum and petroleum
products; and (iii) any other substance, chemical, pollutant,
contaminant or other material regulated by any Governmental
Authority pursuant to any Environmental Law.
“ Intellectual
Property ” means all intellectual property rights of any
kind or nature, including all United States, non-United States and
international (i) patents, patent applications and statutory
invention registrations, (ii) trademarks, service marks,
domain names, trade dress, logos, slogans, trade names, corporate
names and other source identifiers, and registrations and
applications for registration thereof, (iii) copyrightable
works, copyrights, and registrations and applications for
registration thereof, (iv) rights in computer software and
related technology, and (v) confidential and proprietary
information, including trade secrets, know-how, inventions,
proprietary processes, formulae, models, and
methodologies.
“ IP Contracts
” has the meaning set forth in
Section 4.15(b).
“ knowledge of the
Company ” means, with respect to any matter in question,
the actual knowledge of the individuals set forth on
Section 1.01 of the Disclosure Schedule.
2
“ Lien ”
means any mortgage, pledge, lien, hypothecation, charge, security
interest, easement, covenant, encroachment, right of way or other
encumbrance or defect to title, or any option, right of first
refusal, right of first offer or other adverse claim.
“ Material Adverse
Effect ” means, with respect to the Company, any event,
violation, inaccuracy, circumstance or development that,
individually or in the aggregate, with other events, violations,
inaccuracies, circumstances or developments, has or would
reasonably be likely to (i) have a material adverse effect on
the business, financial condition or results of operations of the
Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or
(ii) prevent, impair or materially delay the ability of the
Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except
to the extent that such event, violation, inaccuracy, circumstance
or development results, alone or in combination, from the
following, none of which shall be taken into account in determining
whether any such Material Adverse Effect has occurred:
(A) general economic, market or political conditions, or acts
of war, terrorism or sabotage, natural disasters, acts of God or
comparable events, in each case except to the extent that the same
disproportionately affect the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, as compared to other companies in the industries or
industry sectors in which the Company and the Subsidiaries operate;
(B) conditions affecting the industries or industry sectors in
which the Company and the Subsidiaries operate, except to the
extent that the same disproportionately affect the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as compared to other companies in
the industries or industry sectors in which the Company and the
Subsidiaries operate; (C) changes arising out of the
announcement, pendency or consummation of the Offer, the Merger,
this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby,
including, without limitation, (1) any actions of competitors,
(2) any actions taken by or losses of employees or
(3) any delays or cancellations of orders for products or
services; (D) changes in the market price or trading volume of
the Company’s common stock ( provided , that the
underlying causes of such changes shall not be excluded pursuant to
this clause (D)); (E) changes in legal requirements or GAAP,
except to the extent that the same disproportionately affect the
Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as compared to
other companies affected by the changes in legal requirements or
GAAP; (F) any failure of the Company to meet internal
projections or analysts’ expectations for any period ending
after the date of this Agreement (provided, that the underlying
causes of such failure shall not be excluded pursuant to this
clause (F)); or (G) changes resulting from any action taken
pursuant to or in accordance with this Agreement or at the request
of Parent.
“ Permitted Lien
” means any (A) statutory Lien for current Taxes and
assessments not yet past due or delinquent, (B) inchoate
mechanics’ and materialmen’s Liens for construction in
progress, (C) workmen’s, repairmen’s,
warehousemen’s and carriers’ Liens arising in the
ordinary course of business for sums not yet due and payable, and
(D) all matters of record, Liens and other imperfections of
title and encumbrances that do not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
“ person ”
means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited partnership,
limited liability company, syndicate, person (including, without
limitation, a “person” as defined in
Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), trust, association or
entity or government, political subdivision, agency or
instrumentality of a government.
3
“ subsidiary
” or “ subsidiaries ” of the Company, the
Surviving Corporation (as defined herein), Parent or any other
person means an affiliate controlled by such person, directly or
indirectly, through one or more intermediaries.
“ Taxes ”
means any and all taxes, fees, levies, duties, tariffs, imposts and
other similar charges of any kind imposed by any Governmental
Authority, including, without limitation (A) all federal,
state, local, foreign and other net income, gross income, gross
receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits,
license, lease, service, service use, withholding, estimated,
payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium,
property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees,
assessments or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any
interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts
with respect thereto, (B) any liability for payment of amounts
described in clause (A) whether as a result of transferee
liability, of being a member of an affiliated, consolidated,
combined or unitary group for any period, or otherwise through
operation of Law, and (C) any liability for the payment of
amounts described in clauses (A) or (B) as a result of
any tax sharing, tax indemnity or tax allocation agreement or any
other express or implied agreement to indemnify any other person;
and
“ Tax Return
” means any report, return, document, declaration or other
information or filing (including elections, declarations,
disclosures, schedules, estimates and information returns
(including Form 1099 and partnership returns filed on Form 1065))
required to be supplied to any taxing authority or jurisdiction
(foreign or domestic) with respect to Taxes.
ARTICLE II
THE OFFER
SECTION 2.01 The Offer .
(a) Provided that this
Agreement shall not have been terminated in accordance with
Section 9.01 and that none of the events or conditions set
forth in Annex A shall have occurred and be existing and
shall not have been waived by Parent (the conditions set forth in
Annex A , the “ Tender Offer Conditions
”), Purchaser shall commence (within the meaning of Rule
14d-2 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(together with the rules and regulations thereunder, the “
Exchange Act ”)) the Offer as promptly as practicable
and in any event within ten (10) business days after the date
hereof. The obligation of Purchaser to accept for payment Shares
validly tendered pursuant to the Offer and to pay the Per Share
Amount for each such tendered and not subsequently withdrawn Share
shall be subject only to the Tender Offer Conditions. Purchaser
expressly reserves the right to waive any such condition, to
increase the Per Share Amount payable in the Offer, and to make any
other changes to the terms and conditions of the Offer;
provided , however , that without the prior written
consent of the Company (i) the Minimum Condition (as defined
in Annex A ) may not be waived and (ii) no change may
be made that (A) changes the form of consideration to be paid
pursuant to the Offer, (B) decreases the Per Share Amount
payable in the Offer, (C) reduces the maximum number of Shares
to be purchased in the Offer, (D) imposes conditions to the
Offer in addition to those set forth in Annex A hereto, or
(E) amends the conditions set forth in Annex A hereto
in any manner materially adverse to the holders of
Shares.
4
(b) Subject to the terms and
conditions thereof, the Offer shall remain open until midnight, New
York City time, at the end of the twentieth (20th) business
day after the date that the Offer is commenced (the “
Expiration Date ”), unless Purchaser shall have
extended the period of time for which the Offer is open pursuant
to, and in accordance with, this Section 2.01(b) or as may be
required by applicable Law, in which event the term
“Expiration Date” shall mean the latest time and date
as the Offer, as so extended, may expire. Unless this Agreement or
the Offer is terminated in accordance with its terms, Purchaser
shall extend the Offer from time to time: (i) if the Minimum
Condition is not satisfied on or before the Expiration Date;
(ii) if any of the conditions of the Offer set forth in clause
(ii) of the second paragraph of the Tender Offer Conditions
are not satisfied on or before the Expiration Date; (iii) if
the condition set forth in clause (d) of Annex A is not
satisfied and is the sole condition remaining unsatisfied and the
Company is using its reasonable best efforts to satisfy such
condition; or (iv) if any applicable Law, rule, regulation,
interpretation or position of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “ SEC ”) or the staff of the SEC
(the “ SEC Staff ”) thereof applicable to the
Offer requires such extension. Purchaser shall extend the Offer for
up to five (5) business days after the satisfaction or waiver
of the conditions set forth in clauses (i), (ii) or
(iii) in the immediately preceding sentence, or for such
period as may be required by any applicable Law, rule, regulation,
interpretation or position set forth with respect to the condition
in clause (iv) in the immediately preceding sentence;
provided , however , that Purchaser shall not be
required to extend the Offer beyond the Outside Date. Unless this
Agreement or the Offer is terminated in accordance with its terms,
Purchaser may in its sole election extend the Offer from time to
time if any of the Tender Offer Conditions, other than the
conditions set forth in the second sentence of this
Section 2.01(b), are not satisfied or waived on or before the
Expiration Date. If all of the Tender Offer Conditions are
satisfied, but the number of Shares that have been validly tendered
and not withdrawn in the Offer, together with any Shares then owned
by Parent is less than 90% of the outstanding Shares on a Fully
Diluted Basis, Purchaser may, in its sole discretion, and subject
to the first sentence of subsection (c), commence a subsequent
offering period (as provided in Rule 14d-11 under the Exchange Act)
for three to 20 business days to acquire additional outstanding
Shares.
(c) Subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in this Agreement and to the satisfaction or
waiver of the Tender Offer Conditions, Purchaser shall, and Parent
shall cause it to, promptly after the Expiration Date, accept for
payment and pay for (after giving effect to any required
withholding Tax) all Shares that have been validly tendered and not
withdrawn pursuant to the Offer. If Purchaser shall commence a
subsequent offering period in connection with the Offer, Purchaser
shall accept for payment and pay for (after giving effect to any
required withholding Tax) all additional Shares validly tendered
during such subsequent offering period.
(d) As promptly as reasonably
practicable on the date of commencement of the Offer, Purchaser
shall file with the SEC a Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO
(together with all amendments and supplements thereto, the “
Schedule TO ”) with respect to the Offer. The Schedule
TO shall contain or shall incorporate by reference an offer to
purchase (the “ Offer to Purchase ”) and forms
of the related letter of transmittal and forms of notice of
guaranteed delivery and any related summary advertisement (the
Schedule TO, the Offer to Purchase and such other documents,
together with all supplements and amendments thereto, being
referred to herein collectively as the “ Offer
Documents ”). Each of Parent, Purchaser and the Company
agrees to correct promptly any information provided by it for use
in the Offer Documents if and
5
to the extent that it shall
have become false or misleading in any material respect, and Parent
and Purchaser further agree to take all steps necessary to cause
the Schedule TO, as so corrected, to be filed with the SEC, and the
other Offer Documents, as so corrected, to be disseminated to
holders of Shares, in each case as and to the extent required by
applicable Law. The Company shall promptly furnish to Parent and
Purchaser all information concerning the Company that is required
or reasonably requested by Parent or Purchaser in connection with
the obligations relating to the Offer Documents contained in this
Section 2.01(d). Parent and Purchaser shall give the Company
and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on
the Offer Documents prior to such documents being filed with the
SEC or disseminated to holders of Shares. Parent and Purchaser
shall provide the Company and its counsel with any comments that
Parent, Purchaser or their counsel may receive from the SEC or the
SEC Staff with respect to the Offer Documents promptly after the
receipt of such comments and shall provide the Company and its
counsel with a reasonable opportunity to participate in the
response of Parent or Purchaser to such comments.
SECTION 2.02 Company Action
.
(a) The Company hereby
approves of and consents to the Offer and represents and warrants
that the Board, at a meeting duly called and held on May 8,
2008, has, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this
Agreement, unanimously (i) determined that this Agreement and
the transactions contemplated hereby, including each of the Offer
and the Merger (collectively, the “ Transactions
”), are fair to, and in the best interests of, the holders of
Shares, (ii) approved and declared advisable this Agreement
and the Transactions (such approval having been made in accordance
with the DGCL, including, without limitation, Section 203
thereof), and (iii) resolved to recommend that the holders of
Shares accept the Offer and tender their Shares pursuant to the
Offer, and that the holders of Shares adopt this Agreement and
approve the Transactions to the extent required by applicable Law.
The Company further represents that Needham & Company, LLC
has delivered to the Board a written opinion that, as of the date
of this Agreement, the consideration to be received by the holders
of Shares pursuant to each of the Offer and the Merger is fair to
the holders of Shares from a financial point of view (the “
Fairness Opinion ”). The Company hereby consents to
the inclusion in the Offer Documents of the recommendation of the
Board described in this Section 2.02(a).
(b) As promptly as reasonably
practicable on the date of commencement of the Offer, the Company
shall file with the SEC a Tender Offer Solicitation/Recommendation
Statement on Schedule 14D-9 (together with all amendments and
supplements thereto, the “ Schedule 14D-9 ”)
containing, subject to Section 7.05(c), the Fairness Opinion
and the recommendation of the Board described in Section 2.02
(a), and shall disseminate the Schedule 14D-9 to the extent
required by Rule 14d-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and any
other applicable Law. The Company will use its reasonable best
efforts to cause the Schedule 14D-9 to comply in all material
respects with the applicable requirements under Law. Each of the
Company, Parent and Purchaser agrees to correct promptly any
information provided by it for use in the Schedule 14D-9 if and to
the extent that it shall have become false or misleading in any
material respect, and the Company further agrees to take all steps
necessary to cause the Schedule 14D-9, as so corrected, to be filed
with the SEC and disseminated to holders of Shares, in each case as
and to the extent required by applicable Law. The Company shall
give Parent and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and
comment on the Schedule 14D-9 prior to such
6
document being filed with the
SEC or disseminated to holders of Shares. The Company shall provide
Parent and its counsel with any comments that the Company or its
counsel may receive from the SEC or the SEC Staff with respect to
the Schedule 14D-9 promptly after the receipt of such comments and
shall provide Parent and its counsel with a reasonable opportunity
to participate in the response of the Company to such
comments.
(c) The Company shall
promptly furnish Purchaser with mailing labels containing the names
and addresses of all record holders of Shares and with security
position listings of Shares held in stock depositories, each as of
a recent date, together with all other available listings and
computer files containing names, addresses and security position
listings of record holders and beneficial owners of Shares. The
Company shall furnish Parent and Purchaser with such additional
information, including, without limitation, updated listings and
computer files of stockholders, mailing labels and security
position listings, and such other assistance in disseminating the
Offer Documents to holders of Shares as Parent or Purchaser may
reasonably request. Subject to the requirements of applicable Law,
and except for such steps as are necessary to disseminate the Offer
Documents and any other documents necessary to consummate the Offer
or the Merger, Parent and Purchaser shall hold in confidence the
information contained in such labels, listings and files, shall use
such information only in connection with the Transactions, and, if
this Agreement shall be terminated in accordance with Article IX,
shall deliver to the Company all copies of such information then in
their possession.
SECTION 2.03 Top-Up
Option.
(a) The Company hereby grants
to Parent and Purchaser an irrevocable option (the “
Top-Up Option ”) to purchase up to that number of
newly issued Shares (the “ Top-Up Option Shares
”) equal to the number of Shares that, when added to the
number of Shares owned by Parent and Purchaser immediately
following consummation of the Offer, shall constitute one Share
more than 90% of the Shares then outstanding on a Fully Diluted
Basis (after giving effect to the issuance of the Top-Up Option
Shares) for consideration per Top-Up Option Share equal to the Per
Share Amount.
(b) The Top-Up Option shall
be exercisable only after the purchase of and payment for Shares
pursuant to the Offer by Parent or Purchaser as a result of which
Parent and Purchaser own beneficially at least a majority of the
outstanding Shares. The Top-Up Option shall not be exercisable if
the number of Shares subject thereto exceeds the number of
authorized Shares available for issuance.
(c) In the event that Parent
or Purchaser wish to exercise the Top-Up Option, Purchaser shall
give the Company one day’s prior written notice specifying
the number of Shares that are or will be owned by Parent and
Purchaser immediately following consummation of the Offer and
specifying a place and a time for the closing of the purchase. The
Company shall, as soon as practicable following receipt of such
notice, deliver written notice to Purchaser specifying the number
of Top-Up Option Shares. At the closing of the purchase of the
Top-Up Option Shares, the portion of the purchase price owing upon
exercise of the Top-Up Option that equals the product of
(i) the number of Shares purchased pursuant to the Top-Up
Option, multiplied by (ii) the Per Share Amount, shall be paid
to the Company, at the election of Parent
7
and Purchaser, in cash (by
wire transfer or cashier’s check) or by delivery of a
promissory note having full recourse to Parent.
(d) Parent and Purchaser
acknowledge that the Top-Up Option Shares that Purchaser may
acquire pursuant to the Top-Up Option will not be registered under
the Securities Act and will be issued in reliance upon an exemption
thereunder for transactions not involving a public offering. Parent
and Purchaser represent and warrant to the Company that Purchaser
is, or will be upon the purchase of the Top-Up Options Shares, an
“accredited investor,” as defined in Rule 501 of
Regulation D under the Securities Act. Purchaser agrees that the
Top-Up Option and the Top-Up Option Shares to be acquired upon
exercise of the Top-Up Option are being and will be acquired by
Purchaser for the purpose of investment and not with a view to, or
for resale in connection with, any distribution thereof (within the
meaning of the Securities Act).
ARTICLE III
THE MERGER
SECTION 3.01 The Merger . Upon the
terms and subject to the conditions set forth in Article VIII, and
in accordance with the DGCL, at the Effective Time (as defined in
Section 3.02), Purchaser shall be merged with and into the
Company.
SECTION 3.02 Effective Time . As
promptly as practicable after the satisfaction or, if permissible,
waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VIII, the parties
hereto shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing this
Agreement or a certificate of merger or certificate of ownership
and merger (in either case, the “ Certificate of
Merger ”) with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware, in such form as is required by, and executed in
accordance with, the relevant provisions of the DGCL (the date and
time of such filing of the Certificate of Merger (or such later
time as may be agreed by each of the parties hereto and specified
in the Certificate of Merger) being the “ Effective
Time ”).
SECTION 3.03 Effect of the Merger .
As a result of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of
Purchaser shall cease and the Company shall continue as the
surviving corporation of the Merger (the “ Surviving
Corporation ”). At the Effective Time, the effect of the
Merger shall be as provided in the applicable provisions of the
DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject
thereto, at the Effective Time, all the property, rights,
privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Purchaser
shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts,
liabilities, obligations, restrictions, disabilities and duties of
the Company and Purchaser shall become the debts, liabilities,
obligations, restrictions, disabilities and duties of the Surviving
Corporation.
SECTION 3.04 Certificate of
Incorporation; By-laws .
(a) At the Effective Time,
the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company shall be amended so
as to read in the form of Exhibit A hereto and, as so
amended, shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving
Corporation until thereafter amended as provided by Law and such
Certificate of Incorporation.
(b) At the Effective Time,
the By-laws of the Company shall be amended so as to read in the
form of Exhibit B hereto and, as so amended, shall be the
By-laws of the
8
Surviving Corporation until
thereafter amended as provided by Law, the Certificate of
Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation and such
By-laws.
SECTION 3.05 Directors and Officers .
The directors of Purchaser immediately prior to the Effective Time
shall be the initial directors of the Surviving Corporation, each
to hold office in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation
and By-laws of the Surviving Corporation, and the officers of the
Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the
initial officers of the Surviving Corporation, in each case until
their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and
qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or
removal.
SECTION 3.06 Conversion of
Securities . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and
without any action on the part of Purchaser, the Company or the
holders of any of the following securities:
(a) Each Share issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any
Shares to be canceled pursuant to Section 3.06(b) and any
Dissenting Shares (as hereinafter defined)) shall be canceled and
shall be converted automatically into the right to receive an
amount equal to the Per Share Amount (the “ Merger
Consideration ”) payable, without interest, to the holder
of such Share, upon surrender, in the manner provided in
Section 3.10, of the Certificate that formerly evidenced such
Share;
(b) Each Share held in the
treasury of the Company and each Share owned by Purchaser, Parent
or any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent or of
the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
canceled without any conversion thereof and no payment or
distribution shall be made with respect thereto; and
(c) Each share of common
stock, par value $.01 per share, of Purchaser issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
converted into and exchanged for one validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable share of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of
the Surviving Corporation.
SECTION 3.07 Employee Stock Options
. Effective as of the Effective Time, the Company shall take all
necessary action, including obtaining the consent of the individual
option holders, if necessary, to (i) terminate the
Company’s 1996 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Long-Term Incentive
Plan, and 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, each as amended through the
date of this Agreement (the “ Company Stock Option
Plans ”), (ii) provide that each outstanding option
to purchase shares of Company common stock granted under the
Company Stock Option Plans (each, a “ Company Stock
Option ”) that is outstanding and unexercised as of
immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether or not vested or
exercisable, shall become fully vested and exercisable as of the
Effective Time, and (iii) cancel as of the Effective Time each
Company Stock Option that is outstanding and unexercised at the
Effective Time. Each holder of a Company Stock Option that is
outstanding and unexercised at the Effective Time and that has an
exercise price per Share that is less than the Merger Consideration
shall be entitled (subject to the provisions of this
Section 3.07) to be paid by the Surviving Corporation
immediately after the Effective Time, in exchange for the
cancellation of such Company Stock Option, an amount in cash
(subject to any applicable withholding taxes) with respect to each
Share subject to the Company Stock Option equal to the excess, if
any, of the Merger Consideration over the
9
applicable per share exercise price of
such Company Stock Option (the “ Option Payment
”). Any such payment shall be subject to all applicable
federal, state and local tax withholding requirements. The Company
shall take all necessary action to approve the disposition of the
Company Stock Options in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement to the extent necessary to exempt
such dispositions under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Prior to
the Effective Time, Parent shall cause to be wired to an account
designated by the Company an amount sufficient to enable the
Company to make the payments required pursuant to this
Section 3.07.
SECTION 3.08 Restricted Stock Units
. Effective as of the Effective Time, the Company shall take all
necessary action, including obtaining the consent of the individual
restricted stock unit holders, if necessary, to (i) provide
that each outstanding restricted stock unit granted under the
Company Stock Option Plans (each, a “ Restricted Stock
Unit ”) that is outstanding as of immediately prior to
the Effective Time, whether or not vested, shall become fully
vested as of the Effective Time, and (ii) cancel as of the
Effective Time each Restricted Stock Unit that is outstanding at
the Effective Time. Each holder of a Restricted Stock Unit that is
outstanding at the Effective Time shall be entitled (subject to the
provisions of this Section 3.08) to be paid by the Surviving
Corporation immediately after the Effective Time, in exchange for
the cancellation of such Restricted Stock Unit, an amount in cash
(subject to any applicable withholding taxes) with respect to each
Share subject to the Restricted Stock Unit equal to the Merger
Consideration (the “ Restricted Stock Unit Payment
”). Any such payment shall be subject to all applicable
federal, state and local tax withholding requirements. The Company
shall take all necessary action to approve the disposition of the
Restricted Stock Units in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement to the extent necessary to exempt
such dispositions under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Prior to
the Effective Time, Parent shall cause to be wired to an account
designated by the Company an amount sufficient to enable the
Company to make the payments required pursuant to this
Section 3.08.
SECTION 3.09 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan . The Company shall take all actions necessary to suspend
any pending Purchase Period (as such term is defined in the
Company’s 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ( as amended
through the date of this Agreement, the “ ESPP
”)) as of the date hereof. As of the Effective Time,
conditioned upon the consummation of the Merger, the Company shall
take all actions necessary to terminate the ESPP. Upon the
termination of the ESPP, all amounts in the Stock Purchase Accounts
(as such term is defined in the ESPP) as of the Effective Time
shall be returned to such participants as soon as reasonably
practicable.
SECTION 3.10 Dissenting
Shares.
(a) Notwithstanding any
provision of this Agreement to the contrary, Shares that are
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that are
held by stockholders who shall have neither voted in favor of the
Merger nor consented thereto in writing and who shall have demanded
properly in writing appraisal for such Shares in accordance with
Section 262 of the DGCL (collectively, the “
Dissenting Shares ”) shall not be converted into, or
represent the right to receive, the Merger Consideration. Such
stockholders shall be entitled to receive payment of the appraised
value of such Shares held by them in accordance with the provisions
of such Section 262, except that Dissenting Shares held by
stockholders who shall have failed to
10
perfect or who effectively
shall have withdrawn or lost their rights to appraisal of such
Shares under such Section 262 shall thereupon be deemed to
have been converted into, and to have become exchangeable for, as
of the Effective Time, the right to receive the Merger
Consideration, without any interest thereon, upon surrender, in the
manner provided in Section 3.11, of the Certificate or
Certificates that formerly evidenced such Shares.
(b) The Company shall give
Parent and Purchaser (i) prompt notice of any demand for
appraisal received by the Company, withdrawals of such demands, and
any other instruments served pursuant to the DGCL and received by
the Company and (ii) the opportunity to direct all
negotiations and proceedings with respect to demands for appraisal
under the DGCL. The Company shall not, except with the prior
written consent of Parent, make any payment with respect to any
demands for appraisal or offer to settle or settle any such
demands.
SECTION 3.11 Surrender of Shares; Stock
Transfer Books .
(a) Prior to the Effective
Time, Purchaser shall designate a bank or trust company reasonably
acceptable to the Company to act as agent (the “ Paying
Agent ”) for the holders of Shares and Company Stock
Options to receive the funds to which holders of Shares and Company
Stock Options shall become entitled pursuant to
Section 3.06(a) and Section 3.07, respectively. Such
funds shall be invested by the Paying Agent as directed by the
Surviving Corporation; provided , that such investments
shall be in obligations of or guaranteed by the United States of
America or of any agency thereof and backed by the full faith and
credit of the United States of America, in commercial paper
obligations rated A-1 or P-1 or better by Moody’s Investors
Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Corporation,
respectively, or in deposit accounts, certificates of deposit or
banker’s acceptances of, repurchase or reverse repurchase
agreements with, or Eurodollar time deposits purchased from,
commercial banks with capital, surplus and undivided profits
aggregating in excess of $500 million (based on the most recent
financial statements of such bank which are then publicly available
at the SEC or otherwise).
(b) Promptly after the
Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause to be mailed
to each person who was, at the Effective Time, a holder of record
of Shares entitled to receive the Merger Consideration pursuant to
Section 3.06(a) a form of letter of transmittal (which shall
specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title
to the certificates evidencing such Shares (the “
Certificates ”) shall pass, only upon proper delivery
of the Certificates to the Paying Agent) and instructions for use
in effecting the surrender of the Certificates pursuant to such
letter of transmittal. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent of a
Certificate, together with such letter of transmittal, duly
completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions
thereto, and such other documents as may be required pursuant to
such instructions, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled
to receive in exchange therefor the Merger Consideration for each
Share formerly evidenced by such Certificate, and such Certificate
shall then be canceled. No interest shall accrue or be paid on the
Merger Consideration payable upon the surrender of any Certificate
for the benefit of the holder of such Certificate. If the payment
equal to the Merger Consideration is to be made to a person other
than the person in whose name the surrendered certificate formerly
evidencing Shares is registered on the stock transfer books of the
Company, it shall be a condition of payment that the certificate so
surrendered shall be endorsed properly or otherwise be in proper
form for transfer and that the person requesting such payment shall
have paid all transfer and other taxes required by reason
of
11
the payment of the Merger
Consideration to a person other than the registered holder of the
certificate surrendered, or shall have established to the
satisfaction of the Surviving Corporation that such taxes either
have been paid or are not applicable. If any holder of Shares is
unable to surrender such holder’s Certificates because such
Certificates have been lost, mutilated or destroyed, such holder
may deliver in lieu thereof an affidavit and indemnity bond in form
and substance and with surety reasonably satisfactory to the
Surviving Corporation. Each of Parent, Purchaser, the Surviving
Corporation and the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and
withhold from any amounts otherwise payable pursuant to this
Agreement in respect of Shares such amount as it is required to
deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment
under the Code or any Law. To the extent that amounts are so
withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for purposes of
this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares in
respect of which such deduction and withholding was
made.
(c) At any time following the
ninth (9 th ) month after the Effective Time, the Surviving
Corporation shall be entitled to require the Paying Agent to
deliver to it any funds which had been made available to the Paying
Agent and not disbursed to holders of Shares (including, without
limitation, all interest and other income received by the Paying
Agent in respect of all funds made available to it), and,
thereafter, such holders shall be entitled to look to the Surviving
Corporation (subject to abandoned property, escheat and other
similar laws) only as general creditors thereof with respect to any
Merger Consideration that may be payable upon due surrender of the
Certificates held by them. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither
the Surviving Corporation nor the Paying Agent shall be liable to
any holder of a Share for any Merger Consideration delivered in
respect of such Share to a public official pursuant to any
abandoned property, escheat or other similar law.
(d) At the close of business
on the day of the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the
Company shall be closed and thereafter there shall be no further
registration of transfers of Shares on the records of the Company.
From and after the Effective Time, the holders of Shares
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to
have any rights with respect to such Shares except as otherwise
provided herein or by applicable Law.
(e) All amounts payable by
the Surviving Company in respect of Option Payments and Restricted
Stock Unit Payments shall be paid as provided in Sections 3.07 and
3.08, respectively, above.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except (A) as set forth
in the Disclosure Schedule that has been prepared by the Company
and delivered by the Company to Parent and Purchaser in connection
with the execution and delivery of this Agreement (the “
Disclosure Schedule ”) (which Disclosure Schedule
shall be arranged in sections corresponding to the numbered and
lettered sections of this Article IV, and any information disclosed
in any such section of the Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed to
be disclosed only for purposes of the corresponding section of this
Article IV, unless it is readily apparent that the disclosure
contained in such section of the Disclosure Schedule contains
enough information regarding the subject matter of other
representations and warranties contained in this Article IV as to
clearly qualify or otherwise clearly apply to such
12
other representations and warranties) or
(B) as disclosed in the SEC Reports (as defined below) filed
after January 1, 2007 and prior to the date of this Agreement,
other than any disclosure set forth in (x) any document
incorporated by reference in any such SEC Report and (y) any
“risk factors” section or in any section relating to
“forward looking” statements, in each case of such SEC
Report, except to the extent that the applicability of such
disclosure to a section is readily apparent from such disclosure,
the Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Purchaser
that:
SECTION 4.01 Organization and
Qualification; Subsidiaries .
(a) Each of the Company and
each subsidiary of the Company (each a “ Subsidiary
”) is an entity duly incorporated, organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of
its incorporation or organization and has the requisite corporate
power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and
assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted,
except where the failure to be so organized, existing or in good
standing or to have such power and authority would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
The Company and each Subsidiary is duly qualified or licensed as a
foreign entity to do business, and is in good standing, in each
jurisdiction where the character of the properties and assets
owned, leased or operated by it or the nature of its business makes
such qualification or licensing necessary, except for such failures
to be so qualified, licensed or in good standing that would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(b) A true, correct and
complete list of each Subsidiary, together with the jurisdiction of
incorporation of each Subsidiary and the percentage of the
outstanding capital stock of each Subsidiary owned by the Company
and each other Subsidiary, is set forth in Section 4.01(b) of
the Disclosure Schedule. Except as disclosed in
Section 4.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company does
not directly or indirectly own any equity or similar interest in,
or any interest convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for
any equity or similar interest in, any corporation, partnership,
joint venture or other business association or entity.
SECTION 4.02 Certificate of
Incorporation and By-laws . The Company has heretofore made
available to Parent a true, complete and correct copy of the
Certificate of Incorporation and the By-laws or equivalent
organizational documents, each as amended to date, of the Company
and each Subsidiary. Such Certificates of Incorporation, By-laws or
equivalent organizational documents are in full force and effect.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any of
the provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws or
equivalent organizational documents, except, in the case of any
Subsidiary, for violations that would not have a Material Adverse
Effect.
SECTION 4.03 Capitalization
.
(a) The authorized capital
stock of the Company consists of 50,000,000 Shares. As of
May 1, 2008, (i) 18,808,528 Shares were issued and
outstanding, all of which are duly authorized, validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable, (ii) no Shares are held in the
treasury of the Company, and (iii) 3,790,844 Shares are
reserved for future issuance pursuant to
13
Company Stock Options or
stock incentive rights granted pursuant to the Company Stock Option
Plans. Except as set forth in this Section 4.03, there are no
options, warrants or other rights, agreements, arrangements or
commitments of any character relating to the issued or unissued
capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary or obligating the
Company or any Subsidiary to issue, deliver or sell any shares of
capital stock of, or other equity interests in, the Company or any
Subsidiary. All Shares subject to issuance as aforesaid, upon
issuance on the terms and conditions specified in the instruments
pursuant to which they are issuable, will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. There are no material
outstanding contractual obligations of the Company or any
Subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Shares or
any capital stock of any Subsidiary or to provide funds to, or make
any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or
otherwise) in, any Subsidiary or any other person.
(b) Each outstanding share of
capital stock of, or other equity interest in, each Subsidiary is
duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and
each such share, or other equity interest in, is owned by the
Company or another Subsidiary free and clear of all security
interests, liens, claims, pledges, options, rights of first
refusal, agreements, limitations on the Company’s or any
Subsidiary’s voting rights, charges and other encumbrances of
any nature whatsoever.
(c) The Company has delivered
to Parent a correct and complete list as of the date set forth in
Section 4.03(c) of the Disclosure Schedule of each option and
restricted stock unit outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time (whether or not then vested or exercisable) to
purchase Shares issued under any Company Stock Option Plan, which
list includes the holder, date of grant, exercise price (if
applicable), number of Shares subject thereto, the Company Stock
Option Plan under which such option or restricted stock unit, as
applicable, was granted and, with respect to any option, whether
the option is vested and exercisable and with respect to any
restricted stock unit, whether the restricted stock unit is
vested.
SECTION 4.04 Relative to This Agreement
Authority .
(a) The Company has all
necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this
Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate
the Transactions. The execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the
Transactions have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary
corporate action on the part of the Company, and no other corporate
proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize
this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions (other than, with
respect to the Merger, the adoption of this Agreement by the
holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Shares, if and to the
extent required by applicable Law, and the filing and recordation
of the Certificate of Merger and other documents as required by the
DGCL). This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and
delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization,
execution and delivery by Parent and Purchaser, constitutes a
legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to the
effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency (including, without
limitation, all laws relating to fraudulent transfers),
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting
creditors’ rights generally and subject to the
14
effect of general principles
of equity (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding at law
or in equity).
(b) Assuming the accuracy of
the representations set forth in Section 5.06, the Company has
taken all appropriate actions so that the restrictions on business
combinations contained in each “fair price”,
“moratorium”, “control share acquisition”,
“business combination” or other similar anti-takeover
statute or regulation enacted under Delaware law applicable to the
Company (the “ Anti-takeover Laws ”), including
without limitation Section 203 of the DGCL, will not apply
with respect to or as a result of this Agreement and the
transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, without any
further action on the part of the stockholders of the Company or
the Board. True, correct and complete copies of all resolutions of
the Board reflecting such actions have been previously provided to
Parent. Other than Section 203 of the DGCL, no Anti-takeover
Law is applicable to, or purports to be applicable to, the Merger
or the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
(c) The Board, at a meeting
duly called and held and at which all directors were present, has
(i) unanimously approved and declared advisable this
Agreement, including the Merger and the Transactions contemplated
hereby, (ii) determined that this Agreement and the
Transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, and in the best
interests of, the holders of Shares, and (ii) approved the
making of the Offer and resolved to recommend that stockholders of
the Company adopt this Agreement and that such matter be submitted
for consideration at the Stockholders’ Meeting.
(d) The Board has duly and
validly approved and taken all corporate action required to be
taken by the Board to grant the Top-Up Option and to issue the
Top-Up Option Shares upon the exercise thereof. True, correct and
complete copies of all resolutions of the Board reflecting such
actions have been previously provided to Parent. Assuming that the
authorizations, consents and approvals referred to in
Section 4.05(b) and the filings referred to in
Section 4.05(b) are timely made, none of the grant of the
Top-Up Option by the Company, the exercise thereof by Parent and
Purchaser or the issuance and sale of the Top-Up Option Shares to
Parent and Purchaser in respect of such exercise, in each case,
subject to and in accordance with Section 2.03, will conflict
with, or result in a violation or breach of, any provision of
applicable Laws or any judgment, injunction, order or decree of any
Governmental Authority, or require any action, consent, approval,
authorization or permit of, action by, or filing with or
notification to, any Governmental Authority.
(e) A compensation committee
or a committee of the Board that performs functions similar to a
compensation committee has duly and validly approved and taken all
corporate action required to be taken by the Board to
(i) defer the annual non-management director option grants,
(ii) to grant the bonuses to non-management directors at the
December 2007 Board meeting in accordance with Rule 14d-10 of the
Exchange Act and (iii) except as set forth in
Section 4.04(e) of the Disclosure Schedule, to cause
management’s employment or change in control agreements to
comply with Section 409A of the Code. True, correct and
complete copies of all resolutions of the committee reflecting such
actions have been previously provided to Parent.
15
(f) The affirmative vote (in
person or represented by proxy) at the Stockholders’ Meeting,
or at any adjournment or postponement thereof, of a majority of the
votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding Shares in
favor of the adoption of this Agreement, is (unless the Merger is
consummated in accordance with Section 253 of the DGCL as
contemplated by Section 7.01(b)) the only vote or approval of
the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Company
or any Subsidiary necessary to adopt this Agreement.
SECTION 4.05 No Conflict; Required
Filings and Consents .
(a) The execution and
delivery of this Agreement by the Company do not, and the
performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the
Transactions by the Company will not, (i) conflict with,
violate or result in any breach of the Certificate of Incorporation
or By-laws or any equivalent organizational documents of the
Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) assuming that all consents,
approvals and other authorizations described in
Section 4.05(b) and the approval of the holders of the Shares
described in Section 4.04(f) have been obtained and that all
filings and other actions described in Section 4.05(b) have
been made or taken, conflict with or violate or result in any
breach of any federal or state statute, law, regulation, judgment
or decree (a “ Law ”) applicable to the Company
or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company
or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) result in any
breach of or constitute a default (or an event which, with notice
or lapse of time or both, would become a default) under, or give to
others any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or
cancellation of, or result in the creation of a Lien or other
encumbrance on any property or asset of the Company or any
Subsidiary pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture,
contract, agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other
instrument or obligation to which the Company or any Subsidiary is
a party or by which the Company or a Subsidiary or any property or
asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected,
except, with respect to clauses (ii) and (iii), for any such
conflicts, violations, breaches, defaults or other occurrences
which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect.
(b) The execution and
delivery of this Agreement by the Company do not, and the
performance of this Agreement by the Company and consummation of
the Transactions will not, require any consent, approval, waiver
authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any
United States federal, state or foreign government, regulatory
authority, or any court, tribunal or judicial body (a “
Governmental Authority ”), except for
(i) applicable requirements, if any, of the Exchange Act, the
NASDAQ rules, state securities or “blue sky” laws
(“ Blue Sky Laws ”) and state takeover laws,
(ii) the pre-merger notification requirements of the HSR Act,
and filings under foreign competition laws, (iii) the filing
and recordation of the Certificate of Merger and other documents as
required by the DGCL, and (iv) where the failure to obtain
such consents, approvals, waivers authorizations or permits, or to
make such filings or notifications, would not, individually or in
the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 4.06 Permits; Compliance .
Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is in possession of all
material licenses, permits certificates, and approvals of any
Governmental Authority necessary for each of the Company or the
Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate its properties and assets or
to carry on its business as it is now being conducted (the “
Permits ”). As of the date of this Agreement, no
suspension or cancellation of any of the Permits is pending or, to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary is in
16
conflict with, or in default, breach or
violation of, (a) any Law applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any
Subsidiary is bound or affected or (b) any contract, Permit or
other instrument or obligation to which the Company or any
Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary or
any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound,
except for any such conflicts, defaults, breaches or violations
that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION 4.07 SEC Filings; Financial
Statements .
(a) The Company has timely
filed all forms, reports and documents required to be filed by it
with the SEC since December 31, 2005 (the “ SEC
Reports ”). No Subsidiary is required to file any report,
proxy statement, registration statement, form, schedule or other
document with the SEC. The SEC Reports (i) were prepared in
accordance with either the requirements of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (together with the rules and regulations
thereunder, the “ Securities Act ”), or the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and (ii) did not, at the
time they were filed, or, if amended, as of the date of such
amendment, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(b) The Company has devised
and maintains a system of internal accounting controls (within the
meaning of Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act)
sufficient to provide reasonable assurances regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with United States
generally accepted accounting principles (“ GAAP
”). The Company (i) has designed disclosure controls and
procedures (within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of
the Exchange Act) to ensure that information material to the
Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relating to it and
any Subsidiary is made known to the management of the Company by
others within the Company or any Subsidiary as appropriate to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to make the
certifications required by the Exchange Act with respect to the SEC
Reports and (ii) has disclosed, based upon the Company’s
most recent evaluation, to its auditors and the audit committee of
the Board (1) any significant deficiencies in the design or
operation of internal controls which could adversely affect in any
material respect the Company’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data and have disclosed to its
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls and
(2) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role in the
Company’s internal controls. The Company has provided to
Parent copies of any such disclosure set forth in clause
(1) or clause (2) of the preceding sentence.
(c) Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary nor the chief executive officer or the chief
financial officer of the Company or any Subsidiary is aware of, and
neither the Board nor the board of directors of any Subsidiary nor,
to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s auditors or
the auditors of any Subsidiary has been advised of (i) any
fact, circumstance or change that is reasonably likely to result in
a “significant deficiency” or a “material
weakness” (each as defined in Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board Auditing Standard 2) in the Company’s
internal controls over its consolidated financial reporting or
(ii)
17
any fraud, whether or not
material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Company’s internal controls over its
consolidated financial reporting.
(d) The Company and each of
its officers and directors are in compliance with, and has complied
with, in each case in all material respects, the provisions of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations
promulgated under such act and the Exchange Act (collectively,
“ Sarbanes Oxley ”) and the rules and
regulations of the NASDAQ that are applicable to the Company. The
Company’s auditors and Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer have given all certifications, attestations and
reports required pursuant to the rules and regulations adopted
pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley.
SECTION 4.08 Financial Statements; No
Undisclosed Liabilities .
(a) The audited consolidated
financial statements of the Company (including any related notes
thereto) included in the SEC Reports complied, as of their
respective dates, with applicable accounting requirements, were
prepared in accordance with GAAP as in effect on the dates of such
financial statements, applied on a consistent basis throughout the
periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto),
and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated
financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries at the
respective dates thereof and the consolidated statements of
operations and cash flows for the periods indicated therein. The
unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company
(including any related notes thereto) for all interim periods
included in the SEC Reports complied, as of their respective dates,
with applicable accounting requirements, have been prepared in
accordance with GAAP as in effect on the dates of such financial
statements, applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods
involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto), and
fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial
position of the Company and the Subsidiaries at of the respective
dates thereof and the consolidated statements of operations and
cash flows for the periods indicated therein (subject to normal
period-end adjustments).
(b) Except (i) as set
forth, reflected or reserved against in the consolidated balance
sheet (including the notes thereto) of the Company included in the
Company’s Form 10-K for the 2007 calendar year, as amended,
(the “ Company 2007 Form 10-K ”) or
(ii) for liabilities and obligations incurred since
December 31, 2007 in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice, neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has any liabilities or obligations of any nature
(whether known or unknown, accrued, absolute, contingent or
otherwise and whether due or to become due) except for such
liabilities and obligations which would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and
the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
SECTION 4.09 Absence of Certain Changes
or Events . Since December 31, 2007, except as
contemplated by this Agreement, (a) the Company and the
Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in the
ordinary course consistent with past practice, (b) since such
date there has not been any change, event, fact, occurrence, effect
or development (including the incurrence of liabilities of any
nature) which, (i) individually or in the aggregate, has had
or would have a Material Adverse Effect or (ii) would,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to prevent
or materially delay the performance of this Agreement by the
Company
18
or the consummation of the Transactions,
and (c) none of the Company or any Subsidiary has taken any
action that, if taken after the date of this Agreement, would
require the consent of Parent under Section 6.01.
SECTION 4.10 Absence of Litigation .
Section 4.10 of the Disclosure Schedule, sets forth any
litigation, action or proceeding (an “ Action ”)
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the
Company or any Subsidiary, any employee benefit plan, any present
or former officer or director of the Company or any Subsidiary in
their respective capacities as such, or any property or asset of
the Company or any Subsidiary, before any Governmental Authority.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor any property or asset of
the Company or any Subsidiary is subject to any continuing order
of, or consent decree, settlement agreement or similar written
agreement with, any Governmental Authority, or any order, judgment,
injunction or decree of any Governmental Authority. No
investigation or inquiry by any Governmental Authority with respect
to the Company or any Subsidiary is pending or, to the knowledge of
the Company, threatened, in each case with respect to any alleged
or claimed violation of Law applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary, or by which any property or asset of the Company or any
Subsidiary is bound or affected.
SECTION 4.11 Employee Benefit Plans
.
(a) Section 4.11(a)(i)
of the Disclosure Schedule lists (i) all employee benefit
plans (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA
”)) and all bonus, stock option, stock purchase, restricted
stock, incentive, deferred compensation, retiree medical or life
insurance, supplemental retirement, severance or other benefit
plans, programs or arrangements, and all employment, termination,
severance or other contracts or agreements to which the Company or
any Subsidiary is a party, with respect to which the Company or any
Subsidiary has any obligation or which are maintained, contributed
to or sponsored by the Company or any Subsidiary for the benefit of
any current or former employee, officer or director of the Company
or any Subsidiary, (ii) each employee benefit plan for which
the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under
Section 4069 of ERISA in the event such plan has been or were
to be terminated, (iii) any plan in respect of which the
Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under
Section 4212(c) of ERISA, and (iv) any contracts,
arrangements or understandings between the Company or any
Subsidiary and any current or former employee of the Company or any
Subsidiary, including, without limitation, any contracts,
arrangements or understandings relating to a sale of or similar
transaction involving the Company or any Subsidiary (collectively,
the “ Plans ”). Except as set forth on
Section 4.11(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company
has provided or made available to Parent a true and complete copy
(or if such Plan is not contained in a written document, a
description thereof) of (A) such Plans, including all
amendments thereto, and (B) the most recent summary plan
description for each Plan, if any, (C) the two most recent
annual reports (Form 5500) filed with the Internal Revenue Service
(the “ IRS ”), if any, (D) the most
recently received IRS determination letter, if any, relating to a
Plan, and (E) the most recently prepared actuarial report or
financial statement, if any, relating to a Plan. All items listed
on Section 4.11(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule will be
provided or made available to Parent as soon as reasonably
practicable following the date hereof.
19
(b) Each Plan has been
operated in all material respects in accordance with its terms and
the requirements of all applicable Laws, including, without
limitation, ERISA and the Code. No Action is pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened with respect to any Plan
(other than claims for benefits in the ordinary course) that would
be expended to result in a material liability.
(c) Each Plan that is
intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or
Section 401(k) of the Code has received a favorable
determination letter from the IRS and each trust established in
connection with any Plan which is intended to be exempt from
federal income taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code has
received a determination letter from the IRS that it is so exempt,
and no fact or event has occurred since the date of such
determination letter or letters from the IRS to adversely affect
the qualified status of any such Plan or the exempt status of any
such trust.
(d) Except as set forth in
Section 4.11(d) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the
execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of
the transactions contemplated hereby (either alone or in
conjunction with any other event) will (i) result in any
payment (including, without limitation, severance, unemployment
compensation, “excess parachute payment” (within the
meaning of Section 280G of the Code), forgiveness of
indebtedness or otherwise) becoming due to any director or any
employee of the Company or any Subsidiary from the Company or any
Subsidiary under any Plan or otherwise, (ii) increase any
benefits otherwise payable under any Plan, (iii) result in any
acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such
benefits, except as specifically contemplated herein, or
(iv) require the funding of any such benefits.
(e) The Company has no plan
or commitment, whether legally binding or otherwise, to create any
additional Plan or to modify or change any existing Plan, except as
may be required by applicable Law, including Section 409A of
the Code.
(f) No Plan is subject to
Title IV of ERISA. Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate
made, or was required to make, contributions to any plan subject to
Title IV of ERISA during the five (5) year period ending on
the last day of the most recent plan year ended prior to the
Effective Time. No liability under Title IV or Section 302 of
ERISA has been incurred by the Company or an ERISA Affiliate that
has not been satisfied in full, and no condition exists that
presents a risk of such liability. No Plan is a
“multiemployer plan” (as such term is defined in
section 3(37) of ERISA).
(g) No employee, director or
consultant of the Company or any Subsidiary is or will become
entitled to post-employment benefits by reason of service to the
Company or the Subsidiaries, other than coverage mandated by
applicable Law or contracts or plans as set forth in
Section 4.11(g) of the Disclosure Schedule.
(h) None of the Plans
restrict the ability of the Company or the Subsidiaries to amend or
terminate such Plan, except as set forth therein or as required by
Law.
(i) To the extent applicable,
all amounts paid by the Company or any Subsidiary to any of their
respective “covered employees” (as such term is defined
in Section
20
162(m) of the Code) have been
deducted by the Company or the Subsidiaries, as applicable, in
accordance with the provisions of Section 162(m) of the
Code.
(j) Each Plan that is a
“nonqualified deferred compensation plan” (as defined
in Section 409A(d)(1) of the Code) has been operated and
administered in good faith compliance with Section 409A of the
Code and the regulations and other authoritative guidance
thereunder.
(k) Each Plan that is
maintained pursuant the Laws of a country other than the United
States is in material compliance with all such applicable Laws,
including relevant Laws with respect to Taxes and the requirements
of any trust deed under which such Plan is established.
SECTION 4.12 Labor Matters .
(a) There are no material controversies pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any
Subsidiary and any of their respective employees; (b) neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to any collective
bargaining agreement or other labor union contract applicable to
persons employed by the Company or any Subsidiary, nor, to the
knowledge of the Company, are there any activities or proceedings
of any labor union to organize any such employees; and
(c) there is no strike, slowdown, work stoppage or lockout by
or with respect to any employees of the Company or any
Subsidiary.
SECTION 4.13 Offer Documents; Schedule
14D-9; Proxy Statement . Neither the Schedule 14D-9 nor any
information supplied by the Company for inclusion in the Offer
Documents shall, at the times the Schedule 14D-9, the Offer
Documents or any amendments or supplements thereto are filed with
the SEC or are first published, sent or given to stockholders of
the Company, as the case may be, contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading. Neither the proxy statement to be sent to the
stockholders of the Company in connection with the
Stockholders’ Meeting (as defined in Section 7.01) nor
the information statement to be sent to such stockholders, as
appropriate (such proxy statement or information statement, as
amended or supplemented, being referred to herein as the “
Proxy Statement ”), shall, at the date the Proxy
Statement is first mailed to stockholders of the Company or at the
time of the Stockholders’ Meeting, contain any statement
which, at the time and in light of the circumstances under which it
was made, is false or misleading with respect to any material fact,
or which omits to state any material fact necessary in order to
make the statements therein not false or misleading or necessary to
correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect to
the solicitation of proxies for the Stockholders’ Meeting
which shall have become false or misleading. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Company makes no representation or warranty with
respect to any information supplied by Parent, Purchaser or any of
Parent’s or Purchaser’s representatives for inclusion
in the foregoing documents. The Schedule 14D-9, the Offer Documents
and the Proxy Statement shall comply in all material respects as to
form with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
21
SECTION 4.14 Property and Leases
.
(a) The Company and the
Subsidiaries have good and valid title to all their personal
properties and assets reflected on the Company’s audited
balance sheet (including in any related notes thereto) and included
in the Company Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007
or acquired after December 31, 2007 (other than assets
disposed of since December 31, 2007 in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice), (the “ Personal
Property ”) to conduct their respective businesses as
currently conducted or as contemplated to be conducted. The
Personal Property comprises all of the personal property and assets
necessary to carry on the Company’s and each
Subsidiary’s respective business, as currently conducted and
consistent with past practice. All Personal Property is in good
condition and in a state of good maintenance and repair (ordinary
wear and tear excepted) and are suitable for the use to which they
are presently put.
(b) Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary (i) owns or has any ownership interest in any
real property or (ii) is obligated under, or a party to, any
contract to purchase any real property, including, without
limitation, any Leased Property (as defined below).
(c) Section 4.14(c) of
the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true, correct and complete
list of (i) all real property leased, subleased, licensed or
otherwise used or occupied by the Company or any Subsidiary’s
(the “ Leased Property ”), which list includes
the name of the entity leasing such property, the legal address and
the use thereof, and (ii) each lease, sublease, license or
other agreement granting to any person or group of persons, other
than Company and its affiliates, a right to the use, occupancy or
enjoyment of any Leased Property or any portion thereof (the
“ Company Subleases ”). The Company or a
Subsidiary has a good and valid leasehold or other interest in the
Leased Property, free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted
Liens. The Leased Property is neither subject to any governmental
decree or order to be sold nor is being condemned, expropriated or
otherwise taken by any public authority, with or without payment of
adequate compensation therefor, nor, to the knowledge of the
Company, has any such condemnation, expropriation or taking been
proposed in writing to the Company or any Subsidiary. The Company
has made available to Parent correct and complete copies of all
leases, subleases, licenses and other agreements (including all
amendments, modifications, supplements, and extensions thereof)
granting rights of use, occupancy or enjoyment to the Company
and/or any Subsidiary with respect to the Leased Property (the
“ Company Leases ” and together with the Company
Subleases, the “ Leases ”) and copies of all
Company Subleases (including all amendments, modifications,
supplements, and extensions thereof).
(d) Each Lease is a valid and
binding obligation of the Company (or, if a Subsidiary is a party,
such Subsidiary) and is in full force and effect. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary (i) is in default under any Lease
nor does any condition exist that, with the passage of time or the
giving of notice, would cause such a default under such Lease, or
(ii) has received written notice of any cancellation or
termination of any Lease. Except as covered by adequate insurance,
there is no material physical damage caused by any casualty to any
Leased Property. The Leased Property comprises all of the real
property necessary to carry on the Company’s and each
Subsidiary’s respective business as currently conducted and
consistent with past practice. The Leased Property and the
buildings, fixtures and improvements located thereon
22
are in good operating
condition and repair (subject to normal wear and tear), and
suitable for the use to which they are presently put.
SECTION 4.15 Intellectual Property
.
(a) Section 4.15(a) of
the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true, correct, and complete
list of all U.S. and foreign applications and registrations for any
patents, trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and domain names
owned by the Company or any Subsidiary. The Company or a Subsidiary
is the sole and exclusive beneficial and record owner of all of the
Intellectual Property items set forth in Section 4.15(a) of
the Disclosure Schedule, all such Intellectual Property is
subsisting, no claim has been made by any third party in writing to
the Company or a Subsidiary challenging the validity or
enforceability of such Intellectual Property and, to the knowledge
of the Company, there is no valid basis for such a
claim.
(b) Section 4.15(b) of
the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true, correct, and complete
list of all contracts in effect to which the Company or any
Subsidiary is a party or to which the Company or any Subsidiary is
bound as of the date of this Agreement (i) granting or
obtaining any right to use any material Intellectual Property
(other than contracts granting rights to use commercially available
computer software having an acquisition price of less than $250,000
in the aggregate for any contract or group of related contracts),
(ii) permitting any person (other than the Company’s or
a Subsidiary’s counsel on behalf and in the name of such
Company or Subsidiary) to register any material Intellectual
Property owned or purported to be owned by the Company or any
Subsidiary, or settlement, coexistence, non-assertion or covenant
not to sue agreements in each case restricting the Company’s
or a Subsidiary’s rights to use or register material
Intellectual Property, or (iii) requiring Parent to license or
make available its or its affiliates’ owned material
Intellectual Property to any other person as a result of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Merger
(collectively, the “ IP Contracts ”),
provided , that the term IP Contracts and the requirements
of (i) above shall not include (a) purchaser orders or
sales contracts issued by or entered into by the Company in the
ordinary course of business, or (b) non-exclusive license
agreements entered into by the Company in the ordinary course of
business, if and to the extent that the contracts in the foregoing
clauses (a) and (b) either are not material or otherwise
are disclosed in Section 4.19(a) of the Disclosure
Schedule.
(c) Except as would not,
individually or
|