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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

Agreement and Plan of Merger

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER | Document Parties: Ansoft Corporation | ANSYS, INC | EVGENI, INC | SIDNEY LLC | Surviving Corporation You are currently viewing:
This Agreement and Plan of Merger involves

Ansoft Corporation | ANSYS, INC | EVGENI, INC | SIDNEY LLC | Surviving Corporation

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Title: AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
Governing Law: Delaware     Date: 3/31/2008
Industry: Software and Programming     Law Firm: Skadden Arps;Wilson Sonsini;Goodwin Procter     Sector: Technology

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, Parties: ansoft corporation , ansys  inc , evgeni  inc , sidney llc , surviving corporation
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Exhibit 2.1

EXECUTION COPY

 

 

 

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

by and among

ANSYS, INC.,

EVGENI, INC.,

SIDNEY LLC,

and

ANSOFT CORPORATION

Dated as of March 31, 2008

 

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page
ARTICLE I - THE MERGER    2
1.1  

The Merger

   2
1.2  

Effective Time

   2
1.3  

Closing

   2
1.4  

Effects of the Merger

   2
1.5  

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

   3
1.6  

Directors and Officers

   3
ARTICLE II - EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE SELLER CAPITAL STOCK; EXCHANGE OF SHARES    4
2.1  

Conversion of Capital Stock

   4
2.2  

Fractional Shares

   6
2.3  

Exchange Procedures

   6
2.4  

Appraisal Rights

   9
ARTICLE III - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER    10
3.1  

Corporate Organization

   10
3.2  

Capitalization

   11
3.3  

Authority

   12
3.4  

No Violation; Required Filings and Consents

   12
3.5  

Broker’s Fees

   13
3.6  

Seller Reports; Financial Statements; Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

   13
3.7  

Absence of Certain Changes or Events

   16
3.8  

Legal Proceedings

   16
3.9  

Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities

   16
3.10  

Compliance with Applicable Laws and Reporting Requirements

   17
3.11  

Taxes and Tax Returns

   17
3.12  

Employee Benefit Programs

   19
3.13  

Labor and Employment Matters

   21
3.14  

Material Contracts

   22
3.15  

Properties

   23
3.16  

Environmental Liability

   25
3.17  

State Takeover Laws

   26
3.18  

Customers

   26
3.19  

Intellectual Property

   26
3.20  

Warranty and Related Matters

   29
3.21  

Books and Records

   29
3.22  

Related Party Transactions

   29
3.23  

Illegal Payments

   30
3.24  

Opinion of Financial Advisor

   30
3.25  

Disclosure Documents; Seller Information

   30
3.26  

Definition of Seller’s Knowledge

   30

 


ARTICLE IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER, MERGER SUB AND MERGER LLC    31
4.1  

Corporate Organization

   31
4.2  

Capitalization

   31
4.3  

Authority

   32
4.4  

Consents and Approvals

   32
4.5  

Broker’s Fees

   33
4.6  

Buyer Reports; Financial Statements; Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

   33
4.7  

Absence of Certain Changes or Events

   36
4.8  

Legal Proceedings

   36
4.9  

Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities

   36
4.10  

Compliance with Applicable Laws and Reporting Requirements

   37
4.11  

Intellectual Property

   37
4.12  

Books and Records

   38
4.13  

Illegal Payments

   38
4.14  

Available Funds

   38
4.15  

Disclosure Documents; Buyer Information

   39
4.16  

Definition of Buyer’s Knowledge

   39
ARTICLE V - COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS    39
5.1  

Conduct of Seller’s Business Pending the Effective Time

   39
5.2  

Conduct of Buyer’s Business Pending the Effective Time

   43
ARTICLE VI - ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS    44
6.1  

Disclosure Documents

   44
6.2  

Seller Stockholders’ Meeting

   45
6.3  

Third Party Consents and Regulatory Approvals

   45
6.4  

No Solicitation of Transactions; Acquisition Proposals

   47
6.5  

Access to Information

   49
6.6  

Employment and Benefit Matters

   50
6.7  

Directors’ and Officers’ Indemnification and Insurance

   51
6.8  

Additional Agreements

   52
6.9  

Publicity

   52
6.10  

Notification of Certain Events.

   52
6.11  

Shares Listed

   53
6.12  

Stock Exchange De-listing.

   53
6.13  

Takeover Statutes.

   53
6.14  

Section 16 Matters

   53
6.15  

Other Actions by the Parties

   54
6.16  

Financing

   54
6.17  

Reorganization

   54
6.18  

Tax Due Diligence.

   55
6.19  

Director.

   55
ARTICLE VII - CONDITIONS PRECEDENT    55
7.1  

Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations To Effect the Merger

   55
7.2  

Conditions to the Obligations of Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC

   56

 

 


7.3  

Conditions to the Obligations of Seller

   57
ARTICLE VIII - TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER    58
8.1  

Termination

   58
8.2  

Effect of Termination and Abandonment

   60
8.3  

Amendment

   61
8.4  

Extension; Waiver

   61
ARTICLE IX - MISCELLANEOUS    61
9.1  

Survival

   61
9.2  

Expenses

   61
9.3  

Notices

   61
9.4  

Interpretation

   63
9.5  

Rules of Construction.

   63
9.6  

Counterparts

   63
9.7  

Entire Agreement

   63
9.8  

Governing Law; Jurisdiction and Venue

   63
9.9  

Severability

   63
9.10  

Assignment; Reliance of Other Parties

   64
9.11  

Specific Performance

   64
9.12  

Definitions

   64

 

Exhibits

    
Exhibit A    Form of Voting Agreement

 


AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (the “ Agreement ”), dated as of March 31, 2008, by and among ANSYS, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Buyer ”), Evgeni, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned Subsidiary of Buyer (“ Merger Sub ”), Sidney LLC, a single member Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Buyer (“ Merger LLC ”), and Ansoft Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“ Seller ”).

WHEREAS , Buyer, Merger Sub, Merger LLC and Seller intend to effect a merger (the “ Merger ”) of Merger Sub with and into Seller in accordance with this Agreement and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), with Seller to be the surviving corporation of the Merger, which Merger will be followed immediately by a merger of the Surviving Corporation (as defined below) with and into Merger LLC (the “ Upstream Merger ”), with the Merger LLC to be the surviving entity in the Upstream Merger (the “ Surviving Entity ”). It is intended that the Merger be mutually interdependent with and a condition precedent to the Upstream Merger and that the Upstream Merger shall, through the binding commitment evidenced by this Agreement, be effected immediately following the Effective Time (as defined below) without further approval, authorization or direction from or by any of the parties hereto.

WHEREAS , the respective Boards of Directors of Buyer, Merger Sub, Seller and the managing member of Merger LLC have declared that it is advisable and in the best respective interests of Buyer, Merger Sub, Merger LLC and Seller and their respective stockholders or sole member, as applicable, to consummate, and have approved this Agreement and the transactions provided for herein, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Merger and the Upstream Merger shall occur.

WHEREAS , concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and as an inducement to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC to enter into this Agreement, Buyer and certain stockholders have entered into voting agreements, dated as of the date hereof, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (each a “ Voting Agreement ” and collectively, the “ Voting Agreements ”), pursuant to which such stockholders have agreed, subject to the terms thereof, to vote or cause to be voted, at Seller’s Stockholder Meeting (as defined below) all of the shares of the Seller Common Stock (as defined below) beneficially owned by such stockholder in favor of the adoption and approval of this Agreement.

WHEREAS , it is intended that the Merger and the Upstream Merger, considered together as a single integrated transaction, will qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”).

WHEREAS , the parties desire to make certain representations, warranties, and agreements in connection with the Merger and to prescribe certain conditions to the Merger.

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants, representations, warranties, and agreements contained herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties agree as follows:

 


ARTICLE I - THE MERGER

1.1 The Merger . Upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the DGCL, at the Effective Time, Merger Sub shall merge with and into Seller. Seller shall continue as the surviving corporation (the “ Surviving Corporation ”) in the Merger and shall continue its corporate existence under the laws of the State of Delaware. Upon consummation of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall terminate.

1.2 Effective Time . The Merger shall become effective as set forth in the certificate of merger (the “ Certificate of Merger ”), executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL, which shall be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on or before the Closing Date. The term “ Effective Time ” shall be the date and time when the Merger becomes effective as set forth in the Certificate of Merger. Immediately after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause the Upstream Merger to become effective by filing a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of Delaware (the “ Upstream Merger Certificate ”), in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the LLC Act. The “ Upstream Merger Effective Time ” shall be the date and time when the Upstream Merger becomes effective as set forth in the Upstream Merger Certificate.

1.3 Closing . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the closing of the Merger (the “ Closing ”) will take place at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, Exchange Place, Boston, Massachusetts, unless another place is agreed to in writing by the parties hereto, at 10:00 a.m., local time, on a date (the “ Closing Date ”) specified by the parties, which shall be no later than two (2) Business Days after the satisfaction or waiver (subject to applicable Law) of the latest to occur of the conditions set forth in Article VII (other than those conditions that relate to action to be taken at the Closing, but subject to satisfaction of such conditions at the Closing), unless this Agreement has been theretofore terminated pursuant to its terms or unless extended by mutual agreement of the parties.

1.4 Effects of the Merger . At and after the Effective Time, the Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and in the appropriate provisions of the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall possess all the rights, privileges, powers and franchises, and be subject to all of the restrictions, disabilities, and duties of Seller and Merger Sub, as provided under Section 259 of the DGCL. At and after the Upstream Merger Effective Time, the Upstream Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and in the appropriate provisions of the DGCL and the LLC Act. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Upstream Merger Effective Time, the Surviving Entity shall possess all the rights, privileges, powers and franchises, and be subject to all of the restrictions, disabilities, and duties of the Surviving Corporation and Merger LLC, as provided in the DGCL and the LLC Act and all of the rights and obligations of the Surviving Corporation under this Agreement shall be deemed the rights and obligations of the Surviving Entity.

 

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1.5 Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws .

(a) At the Effective Time, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Seller (the “ Seller Charter ”), as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be amended to be identical to the Certificate of Incorporation of Merger Sub (the “ Merger Sub Charter ”), as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (which shall contain such provisions as are necessary to give full effect to the exculpation and indemnification provided for in Section 6.7 hereof), except the name of Seller as the Surviving Corporation shall continue to be Ansoft Corporation and the provisions of the Merger Sub Charter relating to the incorporator of the Merger Sub shall be omitted, and as so amended shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided and in accordance with the DGCL (the “ Surviving Corporation Charter ”). From and after the Effective Time, the Bylaws of Seller (the “ Seller Bylaws ”), as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be amended and restated to be identical to the Bylaws of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (which shall contain such provisions as are necessary to give full effect to the exculpation and indemnification provided for in Section 6.7 hereof), and as so amended shall be the Bylaws of the Surviving Corporation, until thereafter amended as provided therein and in accordance with applicable Law (the “ Surviving Corporation Bylaws ”).

(b) At the Upstream Merger Effective Time, by virtue of the Upstream Merger and without any action on the part of Merger LLC or the Surviving Corporation, the Certificate of Formation of Merger LLC, as in effect immediately prior to the Upstream Merger Effective Time, shall be the Certificate of Formation of the Surviving Entity until thereafter amended in accordance with the LLC Act, except the name of the Surviving Entity shall be Sidney LLC (the “ Surviving Entity Certificate of Formation ”). From and after the Upstream Merger Effective Time, by virtue of the Upstream Merger and without any action on the part of Merger LLC or the Surviving Corporation, the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Merger LLC as in effect immediately prior to the Upstream Merger Effective Time shall be the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Surviving Entity, except the name of the Surviving Entity shall be Sidney LLC (the “ Surviving Entity Limited Liability Company Agreement ”).

1.6 Directors and Officers .

(a) From and after the Effective Time, the directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall become the directors of the Surviving Corporation, until their successors shall have been duly elected, appointed or qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Surviving Corporation Charter and the Surviving Corporation Bylaws. From and after the Upstream Merger Effective Time, the directors of Merger LLC immediately prior to the Effective Time shall become the directors of the Surviving Entity, until their successors shall have been duly elected, appointed or qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Surviving Entity Certificate of Formation and the Surviving Entity Limited Liability Company Agreement.

(b) From and after the Effective Time, the officers of Seller at the Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation, until their successors shall have been duly elected, appointed or qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Surviving Corporation Charter and the Surviving Corporation Bylaws. From and after the Upstream Merger Effective Time, the officers of Merger LLC at the Upstream Merger Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Entity, until their

 

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successors shall have been duly elected, appointed or qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Surviving Entity Certificate of Formation and the Surviving Entity Limited Liability Company Agreement.

ARTICLE II - EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE SELLER CAPITAL STOCK;

EXCHANGE OF SHARES

2.1 Conversion of Capital Stock . As of the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of any party hereto or of the holder of any shares of the capital stock of Seller or capital stock of Merger Sub:

(a) Capital Stock of Merger Sub . Each share of the common stock of Merger Sub, par value $0.01 per share (the “ Merger Sub Common Stock ”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable share of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Surviving Corporation.

(b) Cancellation of Certain Stock . All shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of Seller (“ Seller Common Stock ”) that are owned by Seller or any wholly owned Subsidiary of Seller and any shares of Seller Common Stock owned by Buyer, Merger Sub, or any other wholly owned Subsidiary of Buyer immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be cancelled and shall cease to exist and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.

(c) Conversion of Seller Common Stock . Subject to Section 2.2, each share of Seller Common Stock (other than shares to be cancelled in accordance with Section 2.1(b) and Dissenting Shares) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into the right to receive, subject to adjustment as provided for in Section 8.1(c): (i) $16.25 per share in cash without interest (the “ Cash Consideration ”), and (ii) 0.431882 shares (the “ Exchange Ratio ”) of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of Buyer (the “ Buyer Common Stock ”) (the “ Stock Consideration ”). The Cash Consideration and the Stock Consideration are sometimes referred to herein as the “ Merger Consideration .” As of the Effective Time, all such shares of Seller Common Stock, when converted as provided in this Section 2.1(c), shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and each holder of a certificate (each a “ Certificate ” and collectively, the “ Certificates ”) or a book-entry share (each a “ Book-Entry Share ” and collectively, the “ Book-Entry Shares ”) representing any such shares of Seller Common Stock shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the right to receive the Merger Consideration and any cash in lieu of fractional shares of Buyer Common Stock as provided under this Article II upon surrender of such Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as the case may be, in accordance with Section 2.2, without interest or dividends.

(d) Seller Stock Options and Related Matters .

(i) As soon as practicable following the date of this Agreement, the Board of Directors of Seller (or, if appropriate, any committee administering the Seller Stock Option Plans) shall adopt such resolutions or use its reasonable best effort to take such other actions as are required to provide for the conversion of each Seller Stock Option as provided in this Section 2.1(d).

 

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(ii) At the Effective Time, each Seller Stock Option that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time (“ Assumed Options ”), whether or not vested, shall be converted into and become an option to purchase Buyer Common Stock as provided below in this Section 2.1(d)(ii), and Buyer shall assume such Seller Stock Option in accordance with this Section 2.1(d)(ii) and the terms (as in effect as of the date of this Agreement) of the Seller Stock Option Plans and/or the seller option agreement by which such Option is evidenced. All rights to purchase Seller Common Stock under Assumed Options shall, effective as of the Effective Time, thereupon be converted into rights to purchase Buyer Common Stock. Accordingly, from and after the Effective Time: (A) each Assumed Option may be exercised solely for Buyer Common Stock; (B) the number of shares of Buyer Common Stock subject to each Assumed Option shall be determined by multiplying the number of shares of Seller Common Stock that were subject to such Assumed Option immediately prior to the Effective Time by the Option Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting number down to the nearest whole number of Buyer Common Stock; (C) the per share exercise price for the Buyer Common Stock issuable upon exercise of each Assumed Option shall be determined by dividing the per share exercise price of Seller Common Stock subject to such Assumed Option, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, by the Option Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting exercise price up to the nearest whole cent; and (D) after giving effect to any acceleration of vesting of any Assumed Option that will occur as a result of the Merger pursuant to the terms of any such Assumed Option, any remaining restriction on the exercise of any Assumed Option shall continue in full force and effect and the term, exercisability, remaining vesting schedule and other provisions of such Assumed Option shall otherwise remain unchanged as a result of the conversion of such Assumed Option. Buyer shall file with the SEC, no later than three (3) Business Days after the Closing, a registration statement on Form S-8 (or any successor form), if available for use by Seller, relating to the Buyer Shares issuable with respect to the Assumed Options. “ Option Exchange Ratio ” is the quotient of (x) $16.25, plus (A) the Exchange Ratio multiplied by (B) the average of the closing prices of Buyer Common Stock for the thirty (30) trading days ending one (1) day prior to the Closing, divided by (y) the average of the closing prices of Buyer Common Stock for the thirty (30) trading days ending one (1) day prior to the Closing, rounded to the nearest one-hundred thousandth of a cent, with $.000005 rounded down.

(iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the number of shares of Buyer Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Assumed Options plus the number of shares of Buyer Common Stock to be issued in respect of shares of Seller Common Stock in the Merger (the “ Total Shares ”) exceeds twenty percent (20%) of the number of shares of Buyer Common Stock outstanding prior to the Merger, the number of Assumed Options shall be reduced to an amount such that the Total Shares is less than 20% of the number of shares

 

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of Buyer Common Stock outstanding prior to the Merger. Any Options that are not Assumed Options by operation of this subparagraph shall be entitled to receive, in lieu of being assumed by Buyer, an amount of cash equal to $32.50, minus the exercise price of such Option not assumed. Only Options that are vested and permitted to receive such cash payment pursuant to the applicable Seller Stock Option Plan shall be eligible to receive such cash payment. The Options to receive such cash payment shall be allocated amongst the holders thereof pro rata based on the number of Options eligible to receive the cash payment held by each.

2.2 Fractional Shares . Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, no fractional shares of Buyer Common Stock and no certificates or scrip therefor, or other evidence of ownership thereof, will be issued in the Merger. In lieu thereof, Buyer shall pay to each holder of a fractional share of Buyer Common Stock an amount of cash (without interest) determined by multiplying the fractional share interest to which such holder would otherwise be entitled by the average of the last sale prices of Buyer Common Stock, as reported on Nasdaq, for the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the Closing Date, rounded to the nearest whole cent.

2.3 Exchange Procedures .

(a) Exchange Fund . At or before the Effective Time, for the benefit of the holders of Seller Common Stock, (i) Buyer shall cause to be delivered to the Exchange Agent, for exchange in accordance with this Article II, certificates representing the shares of Buyer Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Article II (“ New Certificates ”), and (ii) Buyer shall deliver, or shall cause to be delivered, to the Exchange Agent an aggregate amount of cash sufficient to pay the aggregate amount of cash payable pursuant to this Article II (including the estimated amount of cash to be paid in lieu of fractional shares of Buyer Common Stock) (such cash and New Certificates, being hereinafter referred to as the “ Exchange Fund ”). In the event the Exchange Fund shall be insufficient to make all such payments, Buyer shall promptly deliver, or cause to be delivered, additional funds with the Exchange Agent in an amount that is equal to the deficiency in the amount of funds required to make such payments. The Exchange Agent shall make payments of the aggregate Merger Consideration out of the Exchange Fund in accordance with this Agreement. The Exchange Fund shall not be used for any other purpose.

(b) Exchange Procedures . As promptly as practicable following the Effective Time, and provided that Seller has delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Exchange Agent all information which is necessary for the Exchange Agent to perform its obligations as specified herein, the Exchange Agent shall mail to each holder of record of a Certificate or Certificates or Book-Entry Share or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, who has not previously surrendered such Certificate or Certificates or Book-Entry Share or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, a form of letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, shall pass, only upon delivery of the Certificates or the Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, to the Exchange Agent) and instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, in exchange for the Merger Consideration into which the shares of Seller Common Stock represented by such Certificate or Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, shall have been converted pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of this Agreement.

 

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Upon proper surrender of a Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, for exchange and cancellation to the Exchange Agent, together with a properly completed letter of transmittal, duly executed, the holder of such Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor, as applicable, (i) a New Certificate representing that number of shares of Buyer Common Stock (if any) to which such former holder of Seller Common Stock shall have become entitled pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) a check representing that amount of cash (if any) to which such former holder of Seller Common Stock shall have become entitled pursuant to this Agreement, and/or (iii) a check representing the amount of cash (if any) payable in lieu of a fractional share of Buyer Common Stock to which such former holder has the right to receive in respect of the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as the case may be, surrendered pursuant to this Agreement, and the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as the case may be, so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 2.3(b), each Certificate and Book-Entry Share (other than Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as applicable, representing shares to be cancelled in accordance with Section 2.1(b) and any Dissenting Shares) shall be deemed at any time after the Effective Time to represent only the right to receive upon such surrender the Merger Consideration provided in Sections 2.1 and 2.2, and any unpaid dividends and distributions thereon as provided in paragraph (c) of this Section 2.3. No interest shall be paid or accrued on any cash constituting Merger Consideration (including any cash in lieu of fractional shares) or any such unpaid dividends and distributions payable to holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be.

(c) Dividends or Other Distributions . No dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Time with respect to Buyer Common Stock shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, until the holder thereof shall surrender such Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, in accordance with this Section 2.3. After the surrender of a Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, in accordance with this Section 2.3, the record holder thereof shall be entitled to receive any such dividends or other distributions, without any interest thereon, which theretofore had become payable with respect to shares of Buyer Common Stock represented by such Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable.

(d) Lost Certificates . The Exchange Agent and Buyer, as the case may be, shall not be obligated to deliver cash and/or a New Certificate or New Certificates representing shares of Buyer Common Stock to which a holder of Seller Common Stock would otherwise be entitled as a result of the Merger until such holder surrenders the Certificate or Certificates or Book-Entry Share or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, representing the shares of Seller Common Stock for exchange as provided in this Section 2.3, or, an appropriate affidavit of loss and indemnity agreement and/or a bond in an amount as may be required in each case by Buyer. If any New Certificates evidencing shares of Buyer Common Stock are to be issued in a name other than that in which the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as the case may be, evidencing Seller Common Stock surrendered in exchange therefor is registered, it shall be a condition of the issuance thereof that the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, so surrendered shall be properly endorsed or accompanied by an executed form of assignment separate from the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, and otherwise in proper form for transfer, and that the Person requesting such exchange pay to the Exchange Agent any transfer or other tax required by reason of the issuance of a New Certificate for shares of Buyer Common Stock in any name other than that of the registered holder of the Certificate or Book-Entry Share, as applicable, surrendered or otherwise establish to the satisfaction of the Exchange Agent that such tax has been paid or is not payable.

 

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(e) No Further Ownership Rights in Seller Common Stock . The Merger Consideration (including any payments paid pursuant to Section 2.2) delivered upon the surrender for exchange of Certificates (or affidavit of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares, as applicable, in accordance with the terms hereof shall be deemed to have been delivered (and paid) in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such shares of Seller Common Stock, and from and after the Effective Time the stock transfer books of Seller shall be closed and thereafter there shall be no further registration of transfers on the stock transfer books of the Surviving Corporation of the shares of Seller Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, are presented to the Surviving Corporation or the Exchange Agent for any reason, they shall be cancelled against delivery of the Merger Consideration for each share of Seller Common Stock formerly represented by such certificate.

(f) Termination of Exchange Fund . Any portion of the Exchange Fund that remains undistributed to the holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, nine (9) months after the Effective Time (as well as any interest or proceeds from any investment thereof) shall be delivered by the Exchange Agent to Buyer, upon demand, and any holder of a Certificate or a Book-Entry Share, as the case may be, who has not previously complied with this Article II prior to the end of such nine (9) month period shall thereafter look only to Buyer for payment of its claim for the Merger Consideration. If outstanding Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, are not surrendered or the payment for them is not claimed prior to the date on which such shares of Buyer Common Stock or cash would otherwise escheat to or become the property of any governmental unit or agency, the unclaimed items shall, to the extent permitted by abandoned property and any other applicable Law, become the property of Buyer (and to the extent not in its possession shall be delivered to it), free and clear of all claims or interest of any Person previously entitled to such property. Neither the Exchange Agent nor any party to this Agreement shall be liable to any holder of shares of Seller Common Stock represented by any Certificate or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, for any consideration paid to a public official pursuant to applicable abandoned property, escheat, or similar laws. Buyer and the Exchange Agent shall be entitled to rely upon the stock transfer books of Seller to establish the identity of those Persons entitled to receive the Merger Consideration specified in this Agreement, which books shall be conclusive with respect thereto. In the event of a dispute with respect to ownership of any shares of Seller Common Stock represented by any Certificate or Book-Entry Shares, as the case may be, Buyer and the Exchange Agent shall be entitled to deposit any Merger Consideration represented thereby in escrow with an independent third party and thereafter be relieved with respect to any claims thereto.

(g) Investment of Exchange Fund . The Exchange Agent shall invest any cash included in the Exchange Fund as directed by the Surviving Corporation; provided , however , that such investments shall be in obligations of or guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America or in certificates of deposit, bank repurchase agreements, or banker’s acceptances of commercial banks with capital exceeding $1 billion (based on the most recent financial statements of such bank that are then publicly available). Any net profit resulting from, or interest or income produced by, such investments shall be placed in the Exchange Fund and be payable to the Surviving Corporation.

 

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(h) Withholding Rights . Each of Buyer, the Surviving Corporation and the Exchange Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement to any holder of a Certificate, a Book-Entry Share or Seller Stock Option, as the case may be, such amounts as are required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under the Code, or any other applicable provision of law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate Governmental Authority by Buyer, the Surviving Corporation, or the Exchange Agent, as the case may be, such deducted, withheld and paid over amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Certificate, Book-Entry Share or Seller Stock Option, as applicable, in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made by Buyer, the Surviving Corporation, or the Exchange Agent, as the case may be.

(i) Adjustments to Prevent Dilution . In the event Buyer or Seller changes (or establishes a record date for changing) the number of, or provides for the exchange of, shares of Buyer Common Stock or Seller Common Stock issued and outstanding prior to the Effective Time as a result of a stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reclassification, or similar transaction with respect to the outstanding Buyer Common Stock or Seller Common Stock and the record date therefor shall be prior to the Effective Time, the Exchange Ratio and/or the Cash Consideration shall be proportionately and appropriately adjusted; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, no such adjustment shall be made with regard to the Buyer Common Stock if (i) Buyer issues additional shares of Buyer Common Stock and receives consideration for such shares in a bona fide third party transaction, or (ii) Buyer issues employee or director stock grants or similar equity awards.

2.4 Appraisal Rights .

(a) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, any shares (the “ Dissenting Shares ”) of the Seller Common Stock that are issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that are held by Seller Stockholders who, in accordance with Section 262 of the DGCL (the “ Appraisal Rights Provisions ”), (i) have not voted in favor of adopting this Agreement, (ii) shall have demanded properly in writing appraisal for such shares, (iii) have otherwise complied in all respects with the Appraisal Rights Provisions, and (iv) have not effectively withdrawn, lost, or failed to perfect their rights to appraisal (the “ Dissenting Stockholders ”), will not be converted into Merger Consideration, but at the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, shall be cancelled and shall cease to exist and shall represent the right to receive only those rights provided under the Appraisal Rights Provisions; provided , however , that all shares of Seller Common Stock held by Seller Stockholders who shall have failed to perfect or who effectively shall have withdrawn or lost their rights to appraisal of such shares of Seller Common Stock under the Appraisal Rights Provisions shall thereupon be deemed to have been cancelled and to have been converted, as of the Effective Time, into the right to receive, without any interest thereon, the Merger Consideration.

 

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(b) Seller shall give Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC prompt notice of any demands received by Seller for the exercise of appraisal rights with respect to shares of Seller Common Stock and Buyer shall have the right to participate in all negotiations and proceedings with respect to such demands. Seller shall not, except with the prior written consent of Buyer, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, make any payment with respect to, or settle or offer to settle, any such demands.

ARTICLE III - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SELLER

Except as set forth in the disclosure schedules delivered concurrently with the execution of this Agreement to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC (the “ Seller Disclosure Schedule ”), which shall identify any exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants contained in this Agreement (with specific reference to the particular Section or subsection to which such information relates; provided that an item disclosed in any Section or subsection shall be deemed to have been disclosed for each other Section or subsection of this Agreement to the extent the relevance is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure), Seller hereby represents and warrants to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC as follows:

3.1 Corporate Organization .

(a) Seller is a corporation, duly organized, validly existing, and in good corporate standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Seller has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease, or operate all of its properties and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted. Seller is duly licensed or qualified to do business and is in corporate good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it or the character or location of the properties and assets owned, leased, or operated by it makes such licensing or qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so licensed or qualified and in corporate good standing would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect. The Seller Charter and the Seller Bylaws, copies of which have previously been made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC, are true, correct, and complete copies of such documents as currently in effect.

(b) Each of Seller’s Subsidiaries is a corporation or legal entity, validly existing and, if applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization. Each of Seller’s Subsidiaries has all requisite corporate power or other power and authority to own, lease, or operate all of its properties and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted. Each of Seller’s Subsidiaries is duly licensed or qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it or the character or location of the properties and assets owned, leased, or operated by it makes such licensing or qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so licensed or qualified and in good standing would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

(c) The Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws or equivalent organizational documents of each of Seller’s Subsidiaries that currently have operations, copies of which have previously been made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC, are true, correct, and complete copies of such documents as currently in effect.

 

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3.2 Capitalization .

(a) The authorized capital stock of Seller consists of 50,000,000 shares of Seller Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “ Seller Preferred Stock ”), of Seller. At the close of business on March 27, 2008, there were 23,271,814 shares of Seller Common Stock issued and outstanding (of which none were shares of restricted stock of Seller) and no shares of Seller Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. At the close of business on March 27, 2008, there were 6,750,726 shares of Seller Common Stock and no shares of Seller Preferred Stock held in the treasury of Seller. At the close of business on March 27, 2008, there were 3,007,044 shares of Seller Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding Seller Stock Options, subject to adjustment on the terms set forth in the Seller Stock Option Plans. Seller has no shares of Seller Common Stock or Seller Preferred Stock reserved for issuance other than as described above. All issued and outstanding shares of Seller Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable, and free of preemptive rights. Except for the Seller Stock Option Plans or as reflected in Section 3.2(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, Seller does not have and is not bound by any outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, rights agreements, or agreements of any character calling for Seller to issue, deliver, or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered, or sold any shares of Seller Common Stock or Seller Preferred Stock or any other equity security of Seller or any Subsidiary of Seller or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for, or representing the right to subscribe for, purchase, or otherwise receive any shares of Seller Common Stock or Seller Preferred Stock or any other equity security of Seller or any Subsidiary of Seller or obligating Seller or any such Subsidiary to grant, extend, or enter into any such subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, rights agreements, or any other similar agreements. Except as set forth in Section 3.2(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, there are no outstanding contractual obligations of Seller to repurchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire any shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, Seller or to provide funds to, or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution, or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary of Seller. Section 3.2(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth (i) the name of each holder of a Seller Stock Option, (ii) the date each Seller Stock Option was granted, (iii) the number of shares of Seller Common Stock subject to each such Seller Stock Option, (iv) the expiration date of each such Seller Stock Option, (v) the vesting schedule of each such Seller Stock Option, and (v) the price at which each such Seller Stock Option may be exercised. Section 3.2(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete list of the Seller Restricted Stock Awards granted under the Seller Stock Option Plans and the vesting schedule for each such award, if any. Except as set forth in Section 3.2(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, there are no shares of Seller Common Stock outstanding that are subject to vesting over time or upon the satisfaction of any condition precedent, or which are otherwise subject to any right or obligation of repurchase or redemption on the part of Seller.

(b) Section 3.2(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule lists each of Seller’s Subsidiaries on the date of this Agreement and indicates for each such Subsidiary as of such date: (i) the percentage and type of equity securities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by Seller; and (ii) the jurisdiction of incorporation or organization. Except as set forth in

 

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Section 3.2(b) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, no Subsidiary of Seller has or is bound by any outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, rights agreements, or agreements of any character calling for it to issue, deliver, or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered, or sold any of its equity securities or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for, or representing the right to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise receive any such equity security or obligating such Subsidiary to grant, extend or enter into any such subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, rights agreements, or other similar agreements. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of any Subsidiary of Seller to repurchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire any of its capital stock or other equity interests. All of the shares of capital stock of each of the Subsidiaries of Seller held, directly or indirectly, by Seller are validly issued, fully paid (to the extent required under the applicable governing documents), and nonassessable and are owned by Seller free and clear of any claim, lien, Encumbrance (other than Permitted Encumbrances), or agreement with respect thereto.

3.3 Authority . Seller has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and perform its obligations hereunder, subject to obtaining the approval of the Seller Stockholders to adopt and approve this Agreement. The adoption, execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and the approval of the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have, as of the date hereof, been recommended by, and are duly and validly adopted and approved by a vote of, the Board of Directors of Seller. The Board of Directors of Seller has declared this Agreement advisable and has directed that this Agreement be submitted to the Selling Stockholders for adoption and approval at the Seller Stockholders’ Meeting and, except for the adoption and approval of this Agreement by the Seller Stockholders, the filing of the Certificate of Merger and the Upstream Merger Certificate with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, no other corporate proceedings on the part of Seller is necessary to authorize the adoption, execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Seller and (assuming due authorization, execution, and delivery by Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC) constitutes the valid and binding obligations of Seller, enforceable against Seller in accordance with its respective terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws relating to creditors’ rights and general principles of equity.

3.4 No Violation; Required Filings and Consents . Assuming the adoption and approval of this Agreement by the Seller Stockholders and except (a) for filings, permits, authorizations, consents, and approvals as may be required under, and other applicable requirements of, the Exchange Act, the Securities Act, the HSR Act and any applicable foreign antitrust Laws, and state securities or state “Blue Sky” laws, (b) for filing of the Certificate of Merger and the Upstream Merger Certificate, and (c) as otherwise set forth in Section 3.4 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, none of the execution, delivery, or performance of this Agreement by Seller, the consummation by Seller of the transactions contemplated hereby, or compliance by Seller with any of the provisions hereof will (i) conflict with or result in any breach of any provision of the organizational documents of Seller, (ii) require any filing with, notice by, or permit, authorization, consent, or approval of, any Governmental Authority, (iii) result in a violation or breach of, or constitute (with or without due notice or lapse of time or both) a default (or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation, or acceleration) under, any of the terms,

 

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conditions or provisions of any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease, license, contract, agreement, or other instrument or obligation to which Seller is a party or by which it or any of its properties or assets may be bound, or (iv) violate any Law or Order applicable to Seller or any of its properties or assets, excluding from the foregoing clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) such filings, notices, permits, authorizations, consents, approvals, violations, breaches, or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, (A) prevent or materially delay consummation of the Merger, (B) otherwise prevent or materially delay performance by Seller of its material obligations under this Agreement, or (C) have a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

3.5 Broker’s Fees . Neither Seller nor any of its officers, directors, employees, or agents has employed any broker, finder, or financial advisor or incurred any liability for any fees or commissions in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including the Merger), except for fees and commissions incurred in connection with the engagement of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (the “ Seller’s Advisor ”) and for legal, accounting, and other professional fees payable in connection with the Merger, all of which will be payable by Seller.

3.6 Seller Reports; Financial Statements; Sarbanes-Oxley Act .

(a) Seller has filed or furnished, as applicable, on a timely basis all forms, statements, certifications, reports and documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the SEC under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act since May 1, 2004 (the forms, statements, reports and documents filed or furnished since May 1, 2004 and those filed or furnished subsequent to the date hereof, including any amendments thereto, the “ Seller SEC Reports ”), except where the failure to so file or furnish would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Seller SEC Reports, at the time of its filing or being furnished complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder applicable to the Seller SEC Reports, or, if not yet filed or furnished, will to Seller’s knowledge comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder applicable to the Seller SEC Reports. As of their respective dates (or, if amended prior to the date hereof, as of the date of such amendment), the Seller SEC Reports did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, and any Seller SEC Reports filed or furnished with the SEC subsequent to the date hereof will not to Seller’s knowledge, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

(b) Seller has made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC true, correct, and complete copies of all amendments and modifications that have not been filed by Seller with the SEC to all agreements, documents, and other instruments that previously had been filed by Seller with the SEC and are currently in effect. As of the date of this Agreement, Seller has timely responded to all comment letters of the staff of the SEC relating to the Seller SEC Reports, and the SEC has not advised Seller that any final responses are inadequate,

 

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insufficient or otherwise non-responsive. Seller has made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC true, correct and complete copies of all comment letters, written inquiries and enforcement correspondence between the SEC, on the one hand, and Seller and any of its Subsidiaries, on the other hand, occurring since May 1, 2004 and prior to the date of this Agreement and will, reasonably promptly following the receipt thereof, make available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC any such correspondence sent or received after the date hereof. To the knowledge of Seller, as of the date of this Agreement, none of the Seller SEC Reports is the subject of ongoing SEC review or outstanding SEC comment.

(c) Seller is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable listing and corporate governance rules and regulations of Nasdaq.

(d)(i) Each of the consolidated balance sheets included in or incorporated by reference into the Seller SEC Reports (including the related notes and schedules) fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Seller and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of its date, or, in the case of Seller SEC Reports filed after the date hereof, will to Seller’s knowledge fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Seller and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of its date and (ii) each of the consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows included in or incorporated by reference into the Seller SEC Reports (including any related notes and schedules) fairly presents in all material respects the results of operations, retained earnings (loss) and changes in financial position, as the case may be, of such companies for the periods set forth therein (except as indicated in the notes thereto, and in the case of unaudited statements, as may be permitted by the rules of the SEC, and subject to normal year-end audit adjustments that will not be material in amount or effect), in each case in accordance with GAAP consistently applied during the periods involved, except as may be noted therein, or, in the case of Seller SEC Reports filed after the date hereof, will to Seller’s knowledge fairly present in all material respects, the results of operations, retained earnings (loss) and changes in financial position, as the case may be, of such companies for the periods set forth therein (except as indicated in the notes thereto, and in the case of unaudited statements, as may be permitted by the rules of the SEC, and subject to normal year-end audit adjustments that will not be material in amount or effect), in each case in accordance with GAAP consistently applied during the periods involved, except as may be noted therein (the “ Seller Financial Statements ”).

(e) Seller has designed and maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting, and, to the knowledge of Seller, such system is effective in providing such assurance. Seller (i) maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by Seller in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to Seller’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and, to the knowledge of Seller, such controls and procedures are effective in ensuring such disclosures and communications, and (ii) has disclosed, based on the most recent evaluation of its chief executive officer and its chief financial officer prior to the date hereof, to Seller’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Seller (and made

 

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summaries of such disclosures available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC) (A) (i) any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting that would adversely affect in any material respect Seller’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information and (ii) any material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, and (B) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in Seller’s internal controls over financial reporting. Each of Seller and its Subsidiaries have materially complied with or substantially addressed such deficiencies, material weaknesses or fraud. Seller is in compliance in all material respects with all effective provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Seller has made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC any written reports and other material correspondence since April 30, 2004 provided by Seller’s external auditors to the Audit Committee required or contemplated by listing standards of Nasdaq, the Audit Committee’s charter or professional standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Since April 30, 2004, to the knowledge of Seller, no material complaints from any source regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters have been received by Seller. Seller has made available to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC a summary of all complaints or concerns made since April 30, 2004 through Seller’s whistleblower hot-line or equivalent system for receipt of employee concerns regarding possible violations of Law that relate to financial reporting, internal controls and related matters.

(f) Each of the principal executive officer of Seller and the principal financial officer of Seller (or each former principal executive officer of Seller and each former principal financial officer of Seller, as applicable) has made all certifications required by Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 under the Exchange Act or Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder with respect to the Seller SEC Reports, and the statements contained in such certifications were true and correct on the date such certifications were made. For purposes of this Section 3.6(f), “principal executive officer” and “principal financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has outstanding, or has arranged any outstanding, “extensions of credit” to directors or executive officers in violation of Section 402 of the Sarbanes Oxley-Act.

(g) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of Seller, any director, officer, or internal or external auditor of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has received or otherwise had or obtained actual knowledge of any substantive material complaint, allegation, assertion or claim, whether written or oral, that Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing practices. No current or former attorney representing Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has reported evidence of a material violation of securities laws, breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by Seller or any of its officers, directors, employees or agents to the Board of Directors of Seller or any committee thereof or to any director or executive officer of Seller.

(h) To the knowledge of Seller, no employee of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has provided information to any law enforcement agency regarding the commission or possible commission of any crime or the violation or possible violation of any applicable Laws described in Section 806(a)(1) or (a)(2) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

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3.7 Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since April 30, 2007, except as disclosed in the Seller SEC Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement, Seller and each of its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in all material respects in the ordinary course consistent with their past practices and there has not been:

(a) any change, event, circumstance or condition to the knowledge of Seller that, individually or in the aggregate, has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, a Seller Material Adverse Effect;

(b) any declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend or other distribution with respect to any shares of capital stock of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries (except for dividends or other distributions by any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary to Seller or to any wholly owned Subsidiary of Seller), or any repurchase, redemption or other acquisition by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries of any outstanding shares of capital stock or other securities of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries;

(c) except as required as a result of a change in applicable Law or GAAP, any material change in any method of accounting or accounting practice by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries;

(d)(i) any increase in the compensation payable or to become payable to its officers or employees (except as required by any plan or arrangement and for increases in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice) or (ii) any establishment, adoption, entry into or amendment of any collective bargaining, bonus, profit sharing, thrift, severance or other plan, agreement, trust, fund, policy or arrangement for the benefit of any director, officer or employee, except to the extent required by applicable Laws, including Section 409A of the Code, except in any such case in the ordinary course and consistent with past practice; or

(e) any agreement to do any of the foregoing.

3.8 Legal Proceedings . Section 3.8 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule includes a description of all material Actions and, to the knowledge of Seller, investigations of a Governmental Authority involving Seller or any of its Subsidiaries’ respective officers or directors in connection with the business of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries occurring, arising or existing since April 30, 2004. Except as set forth in Section 3.8 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, (a) there is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened in writing against Seller or any of its Subsidiaries, and (b) neither Seller nor any Subsidiary is subject to any outstanding order, writ, judgment, injunction, or decree of any Governmental Authority, which, in the case of (a) or (b), would, individually or in the aggregate, (i) prevent or materially delay the consummation of the Merger or Upstream Merger, (ii) otherwise prevent or materially delay performance by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries of any their respective material obligations under this Agreement, or (iii) have a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

3.9 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities . Since April 30, 2007, except for those liabilities that are reflected or reserved against on the Seller Financial Statements and other than in the ordinary course consistent with their past practices, neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred any obligation or liability (contingent or otherwise) that, either alone or when combined with all similar liabilities, either individually or in the aggregate, has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

 

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3.10 Compliance with Applicable Laws and Reporting Requirements . Seller and its Subsidiaries hold all permits, licenses, variances, authorizations, exemptions, orders, registrations, and approvals of all Governmental Authorities that are required for the operation of their respective businesses (the “ Seller Permits ”) and Seller and each of its Subsidiaries is in material compliance with the terms of the Seller Permits and all applicable Laws and regulations, except where the failure so to hold or comply, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect. The businesses of Seller and its Subsidiaries are not being conducted in violation of any law, ordinance, or regulation of any Governmental Authority (including, but not limited to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001), except for possible violations, which, individually or in the aggregate, do not have, and would not reasonably be expected to have, a Seller Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of Seller, no investigation by any Governmental Authority with respect to Seller or any of its Subsidiaries is pending or threatened.

3.11 Taxes and Tax Returns .

(a) Each material Tax Return required to be filed by, or on behalf of, Seller or any of its Subsidiaries, and each material Tax Return in which Seller or any of its Subsidiaries was required to be included, has been timely filed. Each such Tax Return was true, correct and complete in all material respects.

(b) Seller and each of its Subsidiaries (i) has paid (or has had paid on its behalf) all material Taxes due and owing, whether or not shown as due on any Tax Return, and (ii) has withheld and remitted to the appropriate Taxing Authority all material Taxes required to be withheld and paid in connection with any amounts paid or owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, shareholder or other third party.

(c) The reserve for Tax liability of Seller and its Subsidiaries for the period up to the date of the most recent financial statements contained in the Seller SEC Reports has been established in accordance with GAAP, and none of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has incurred any material liabilities for Taxes since such date other than in the ordinary course of business.

(d) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is currently the beneficiary of any extension of time within which to file any material Tax Return or with respect to any material Tax assessment or deficiency.

(e) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has waived any statute of limitations with respect to any material Taxes.

(f) There is no material Tax claim, audit, suit, or administrative or judicial Tax proceeding now pending or presently in progress or threatened in writing with respect to a material Tax Return of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries.

(g) Neither Seller nor or any of its Subsidiaries has received notice in writing of any proposed material deficiencies from any Taxing Authority.

 

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(h) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has distributed stock of a corporation, or has had its stock distributed, in a transaction purported or intended to be governed in whole or in part by Sections 355 or 361 of the Code.

(i) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is party to or has any obligation under any Tax sharing agreement (whether written or not) or any Tax indemnity or other Tax allocation agreement or arrangement.

(j) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries (A) is or has ever been a member of a group of corporations that files or has filed (or has been required to file) consolidated, combined, or unitary Tax Returns, other than a group the common parent of which was Seller or (B) has any liability for the Taxes of any person (other than Seller or any of its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local, or foreign law), as a transferee or successor, by contract or otherwise.

(k) The taxable year of Seller and each of its Subsidiaries for all income Tax purposes is the fiscal year ended April 30 th , and Seller and each of its Subsidiaries uses the accrual method of accounting in keeping its books and in computing its taxable income.

(l) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code at any time during the applicable period specified in Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code.

(m) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has participated in a listed transaction within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.6011-4 (or any predecessor provision).

(n) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include any material item of income in, or exclude any material item of deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of any:

(i) change in method of accounting for a taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date;

(ii) “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign income Tax law) executed on or prior to the Closing Date;

(iii) intercompany transactions or any excess loss account described in Treasury Regulations under Section 1502 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign income Tax law);

(iv) installment sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date; or

(v) prepaid amount received on or prior to the Closing Date.

 

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(o) No written claim has been made by any Taxing Authority that Seller or any of its Subsidiaries is subject to Tax or required to file a Tax Return in a jurisdiction where it does not file Tax Returns, which could reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

3.12 Employee Benefit Programs .

(a) Schedule 3.12(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of every Employee Program maintained by Seller or an ERISA Affiliate.

(b) Each Employee Program which is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) or 501(c)(9) of the Code has received a favorable determination or approval letter from the IRS regarding its qualification under such. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Seller Material Adverse Effect, no event or omission has occurred which would cause any Employee Program to lose its qualification or otherwise fail to satisfy the relevant requirements to provide tax-favored benefits under the applicable Code Section (including without limitation Code Sections 105, 125, 401(a) and 501(c)(9)). Each asset held under any such Employee Program may be liquidated or terminated without the imposition of any material redemption fee, surrender charge or comparable liability. No partial termination (within the meaning of Section 411(d)(3) of the Code) has occurred with respect to any Employee Program.

(c) Neither Seller nor any ERISA Affiliate knows, nor should any of them reasonably know, of any material failure of any party to comply with any laws applicable with respect to the Employee Programs that have ever been maintained by Seller or any ERISA Affiliate. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Seller Material Adverse Effect, with respect to any Employee Program ever maintained by Seller or any ERISA Affiliate, there has been no (i) “prohibited transaction,” as defined in Section 406 of ERISA or Code Section 4975, (ii) failure to comply with any provision of ERISA, other applicable Law, or any agreement, or (iii) non-deductible contribution, which, in the case of any of (i), (ii), or (iii), could subject Seller or any ERISA Affiliate to material liability either directly or indirectly (including, without limitation, through any obligation of indemnification or contribution) for any damages, penalties, or taxes, or any other loss or expense. No litigation or governmental administrative proceeding (or investigation) or other proceeding (other than those relating to routine claims for benefits) is pending or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened with respect to any such Employee Program. All payments and/or contributions required to have been made (under the provisions of any agreements or other governing documents or applicable Law) with respect to all Employee Programs ever maintained by Seller or any ERISA Affiliate, for all periods prior to the Closing Date, either have been made or have been accrued.

(d) Neither Seller nor any ERISA Affiliate has within the past six years maintained an Employee Program subject to Title IV of ERISA, including a Multiemployer Plan. None of the Employee Programs has ever provided health care or any other non-pension benefits to any employees after their employment is terminated (other than as required by part 6 of subtitle B of title I of ERISA or state continuation laws) or has ever promised to provide such post-termination benefits.

 

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(e) With respect to each Employee Program maintained by Seller, complete and correct copies of the following documents (if applicable to such Employee Program) have been made available to Buyer: (i) all documents embodying or governing such Employee Program, and any funding medium for the Employee Program (including, without limitation, trust agreements) as they may have been amended to the date hereof; (ii) the most recent IRS determination or approval letter with respect to such Employee Program under Code Section 401(a) or 501(c)(9), and any applications for determination or approval subsequently filed with the IRS; (iii) the most recently filed IRS Forms 5500, with all applicable schedules and accountants’ opinions attached thereto; (iv) the most recent actuarial valuation report completed with respect to such Employee Program; (v) the summary plan description for such Employee Program (or other descriptions of such Employee Program provided to employees) and all modifications thereto; (vi) any insurance policy (including any fiduciary liability insurance policy or fidelity bond) related to such Employee Program; (vii) any registration statement or other filing made pursuant to any federal or state securities law and (viii) all material correspondence to and from any state or federal agency within the last three years with respect to such Employee Program.

(f) Each Employee Program required to be listed on Schedule 3.12(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule may be amended, terminated, or otherwise discontinued by Buyer after the Effective Time in accordance with its terms without material liability to Buyer or any of its Subsidiaries.

(g) Except as set forth in Section 3.12(g) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any employment or consulting agreements with any current or former manager, director, officer, or employee which required payment of cash compensation in the fiscal year ended April 30, 2007 in excess of $400,000.

(h) Except with respect to the agreements disclosed in Section 3.12(h) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any written (i) agreement with any stockholders, director, or employee of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries (A) the benefits of which are contingent, or the terms of which are materially altered, upon the occurrence of a transaction involving Seller or any of its Subsidiaries of the nature of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (B) providing any guaranteed period of employment or compensation guarantee, or (C) providing severance benefits after the termination of employment of such director or employee; or (ii) agreement or plan binding Seller or any of its Subsidiaries, including any stock option plan, stock appreciation right plan, restricted stock plan, stock purchase plan, or severance benefit plan, any of the benefits of which shall be increased, or the vesting of the benefits of which shall be accelerated, by the occurrence of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the value of any of the benefits of which shall be calculated on the basis of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. There is no contract, agreement, plan or arrangement covering any individual that, by itself or collectively, would give rise to any parachute payment subject to Section 280G of the Code, nor has Seller made any such payment, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein shall not obligate Seller or any other entity to make any parachute payment subject to Section 280G of the Code.

 

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(i) Each Employee Program that is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code has been operated in material compliance with Section 409A of the Code since January 1, 2005, based upon a good faith, reasonable interpretation of Section 409A of the Code, the regulations and other guidance issued thereunder. No stock option granted under any Seller Stock Option Plan has any exercise price that was or may be less than the fair market value of the underlying stock as of the date the option was granted, or has any feature for the deferral of compensation other than the deferral of recognition of income until the later of exercise or disposition of such option.

(j) For purposes of this section:

(i) “ Employee Program ” means (A) all employee benefit plans within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(3), including, but not limited to, multiple employer welfare arrangements (within the meaning of ERISA Section 3(40)), plans to which more than one unaffiliated employer contributes and employee benefit plans (such as foreign or excess benefit plans) which are not subject to ERISA; (B) all stock option plans, stock purchase plans, bonus or incentive award plans, severance pay policies or agreements, deferred compensation agreements, supplemental income arrangements, vacation plans, and all other written employee benefit plans, agreements, and arrangements not described in (A) above, including without limitation, any arrangement intended to comply with Code Section 120, 125, 127, 129 or 137; and (C) all plans or arrangements providing compensation to employee and non-employee directors. In the case of an Employee Program funded through a trust described in Code Section 401(a) or an organization described in Code Section 501(c)(9), or any other funding vehicle, each reference to such Employee Program shall include a reference to such trust, organization or other vehicle.

(ii) An entity “ maintains ” an Employee Program if such entity sponsors, contributes to, or provides benefits under or through such Employee Program, or has any obligation (by agreement or under applicable Law) to contribute to or provide benefits under or through such Employee Program, or if such Employee Program provides benefits to or otherwise covers employees of such entity (or their spouses, dependents, or beneficiaries).

(iii) An entity is an “ ERISA Affiliate ” of Seller if it would have ever been considered a single employer with Seller under ERISA Section 4001(b) or part of the same “controlled group” as Seller for purposes of ERISA Section 302(d)(8)(C).

(iv) “ Multiemployer Plan ” means an employee pension or welfare benefit plan to which more than one unaffiliated employer contributes and which is maintained pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements.

3.13 Labor and Employment Matters .

(a) Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Seller Material Adverse Effect, Seller and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all federal, state, and foreign applicable Laws respecting employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, and wages and hours, including, but not limited to Title VII of the Civil Rights

 

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Act of 1964, as amended, the Equal Pay Act of 1967, as amended, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, the Americans with Disabilities Act, as amended, and the related rules and regulations adopted by those federal agencies responsible for the administration of such laws, and other than normal accruals of wages during regular payroll cycles, there are no arrearages in the payment of wages. To Seller’s knowledge, there are not currently any material audits or investigations pending or scheduled by any Governmental Authority pertaining to the employment practices of Seller and no complaints relating to employment practices of Seller have been made to any Governmental Authority or submitted in writing to Seller.

(b) Neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to, or otherwise bound by, any collective bargaining agreement, contract, or other written agreement with a labor union or labor organization. To the knowledge of Seller, neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any charge, demand, petition, or representation proceeding seeking to compel, require, or demand it to bargain with any labor union or labor organization nor is there pending or threatened any labor strike or lockout involving Seller or any of its Subsidiaries.

3.14 Material Contracts . Section 3.14 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule is a correct and complete list of each currently effective contract to which Seller or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date hereof and which constitutes any of the following (collectively, the “ Seller Contracts ”):

(a) a partnership, joint venture, strategic alliance or other similar contract involving a sharing of profits, losses, costs or liabilities;

(b) a contract providing for the indemnification by any of Seller or a Subsidiary of Seller of any Person, other than in the ordinary course of business (i) consistent with past practice; (ii) in connection with the distribution, sale or license of the Seller Products, or (iii) the procurement of any third-party products or services;

(c) an agreement, arrangement or obligation with another Person which by its terms limits in any material respect (i) the ability of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries to solicit customers, (ii) the localities in which all or any significant portion of the business and operations of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries or, following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the business and operations of Buyer and its Affiliates, is or would be conducted, or (iii) the scope of the business and operations of Seller and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;

(d) any material licenses, sublicenses and other agreements to which Seller or its Subsidiaries are a party (i) granting any other Person the right to use Seller Intellectual Property Assets, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (ii) restricting in any material respect the right of Seller or its Subsidiaries to use Seller Intellectual Property Assets, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or (iii) pursuant to which Seller or any of its Subsidiaries are authorized to use any third party Intellectual Property Assets, which are incorporated in, are, or form a part of the Seller Product or which are otherwise used (or currently proposed to be used) by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries in the Business other than commercial off-the-shelf software having an acquisition price of less than $150,000 in the aggregate for all such related software;

 

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(e) a material contract that contains any royalty, dividend or similar arrangement based on the revenues or profits of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries;

(f) a material contract with any Governmental Authority;

(g) other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, a contract for the acquisition or disposition of any material interest in, or any material amount of, property or assets of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries or for the grant to any Person of any preferential rights to purchase any of their assets;

(h) a contract under which Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has made advances or loans in excess of $100,000 to any other Person; or

(i) any other agreement (or group of related agreements) the performance of which requires aggregate payments to or from Seller or any of its Subsidiaries in excess of $400,000, other than agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice.

Seller has made available or delivered to Buyer, Merger Sub and Merger LLC true and complete copies of all written and accurate and complete descriptions of all material terms of all oral Seller Contracts. Each Seller Contract is in full force and effect and neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of Seller, any other party thereto is in default or breach under the terms of any such Seller Contract. Each Seller Contract is a valid and binding obligation of Seller and/or its Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of Seller, each of the other parties, enforceable against them in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws relating to creditors’ rights and general principles of equity. Seller and/or each of its Subsidiaries has duly performed all of its material obligations under each such Seller Contract to the extent that such obligations have accrued.

3.15 Properties .

(a) Section 3.15(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule identifies (i) the street address of each parcel of Leased Real Property, (ii) the identification of the lease, license, sublease or other occupancy agreements and all amendments, modifications, supplements, and assignments thereto, together with all exhibits, addendum, riders and other documents constituting a part thereof for each parcel of Leased Real Property (collectively, the “ Leases ”), and the identification of all subleases, overleases and other ancillary agreements or documents pertaining to the tenancy at each such parcel of Leased Real Property that materially affect or may materially affect the tenancy at any Leased Real Property (collectively the “ Ancillary Lease Documents ”) and (iii) the identity of the lessor, lessee, and current occupant (if different than the lessee) of each such parcel of Leased Real Property. With respect to each Lease, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Seller Material Adverse Effect:

(i) the Leases and the Ancillary Lease Documents are valid, binding, and, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to creditors’ rights and general principles of equity, enforceable and in full force and effect and have not been modified or amended

 

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except as disclosed on Section 3.15(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, and Seller or a Subsidiary holds a valid and existing leasehold interest under such Leases free and clear of any Encumbrances except Permitted Encumbrances. Seller has delivered to Buyer full, complete and accurate copies of each of the Leases and all Ancillary Lease Documents described in Section 3.15(a) of the Seller Disclosure Schedule;

(ii) none of the Leased Real Property is subject to any Encumbrance other than a Permitted Encumbrance;

(iii) the Lease and all Ancillary Lease Documents shall continue to be legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect on identical terms following the Closing;

(iv) with respect to each of the Leases, none of Seller nor any Subsidiary has exercised or given any notice of exercise, nor has any lessor or landlord exercised or received any notice of exercise, of any option, right of first offer or right of first refusal contained in any such Lease or Ancillary Lease Document, including any such option or right pertaining to purchase, expansion, renewal, extension or relocation;

(v) neither Seller, any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of Seller, any other party to any Leases or Ancillary Lease Documents is in breach or default, and, to the knowledge of Seller, no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time, would constitute such a breach or default or permit termination, modification or acceleration under the Leases or any Ancillary Lease Documents;

(vi) no party to the Leases has repudiated any provision thereof and there are no disputes, oral agreements or forbearance programs in effect as to the Leases; and

(vii) neither Seller nor any of its Subsidiaries has assigned, transferred, conveyed, mortgaged, deeded in trust or encumbered any of its rights and interest in the leasehold or subleasehold under any of the Leases or any Ancillary Lease Documents.

(viii) There are no condemnation proceedings or eminent domain proceedings of any kind pending or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened against any Real Property.

(ix) Seller and its Subsidiaries own good title, free and clear of all Encumbrances, to all personal property and other non-real estate assets, in all cases excluding Intellectual Property Assets, necessary to conduct the business of Seller as currently conducted, except for Permitted Encumbrances. Seller and its Subsidiaries, as lessees, have the right under valid and subsisting leases to use, possess, and control all personal property leased by Seller or its Subsidiaries as now used, possessed, and controlled by Seller or its Subsidiaries, as applicable.

 

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(b) The Leased Real Property constitutes all of the real property used or occupied by Seller and its Subsidiaries in connection with the conduct of the Business.

(c) Neither Seller nor any Subsidiary has any Owned Real Property.

3.16 Environmental Liability . Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Seller Material Adverse Effect:

(a) Seller and its Subsidiaries are in material compliance with all Environmental Laws applicable to their operations and use of the Leased Real Property;

(b) none of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has generated, transported, treated, stored, or disposed of any Hazardous Material, except in material compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws, and there has been no Release or threat of Release of any Hazardous Material by any of Seller or its Subsidiaries at or on the Leased Real Property that requires reporting, investigation or remediation by Seller or its Subsidiaries pursuant to any Environmental Law;

(c) none of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has (i) received written notice under the citizen suit provisions of any Environmental Law or (ii) been subject to or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened with any governmental or citizen enforcement action with respect to any Environmental Law; and

(d) to the knowledge of Seller, there are no underground storage tanks, landfills, current or former waste disposal areas or polychlorinated biphenyls at or on the Leased Real Property that require reporting, investigation, cleanup, remediation or any other type of response action by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to any Environmental Law.

(e) For the purposes of this Agreement:

(i) “ Environment ” means soil, surface waters, groundwater, land, stream sediments, surface or subsurface strata and ambient air and biota living in or on such media.

(ii) “ Environmental Laws ” means all Laws relating to protection of the Environment, including, without limitation, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Endangered Species Act and similar federal, state and local laws as in effect on the Closing Date.

(iii) “ Hazardous Material ” means any pollutant, toxic substance, hazardous waste, hazardous materials, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum-containing products as defined in, or listed under, any Environmental Law.

 

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(iv) “ Release ” means any releasing, disposing, discharging, injecting, spilling, leaking, pumping, dumping, emitting, escaping or emptying of a Hazardous Material into the Environment.

3.17 State Takeover Laws . The Board of Directors of Seller has approved this Agreement and taken all other requisite action such that the provisions of any antitakeover laws and regulations of any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, any provisions of the Seller Charter relating to special voting requirements for certain business combinations, will not apply to this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby.

3.18 Customers . During the 12 month period ended April 30, 2007 and the nine month period ended October 31, 2007, none of Seller’s customers accounted for more than 5% of Seller’s revenues. Since April 30, 2007, none of the 20 largest customers of Seller during the 12 month period ended April 30, 2007 and the nine month period ended October 31, 2007, (a) has cancelled, terminated or materially adversely altered its relationship with Seller or its Subsidiaries, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice or (b) to the knowledge of Seller, has threatened or indicated its intention to Seller to cancel, terminate or materially adversely alter its relationship with Seller or its Subsidiaries or to reduce materially its purchase from or sale to Seller or any of its Subsidiaries of any products, goods or services, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. To the knowledge of Seller, as of the date hereof no customer of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries has threatened or indicated its intention to Seller or such Subsidiary to cancel, terminate or materially adversely alter its relationship with Seller or such Subsidiary as a result of the Merger or any similar transaction.

3.19 Intellectual Property .

(a) Section 3.19 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule contains a complete and accurate list of all registered Marks and applications to register Marks that are owned by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries, issued Patents and applications to register Patents owned by Seller, and registered Copyrights owned by Seller or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, “ Seller Registered IP Rights ”), including each jurisdiction in which Seller Registered IP Rights have been filed or registered and all applicable serial or registration numbers. Except as set forth on Section 3.19 of the Seller Disclosure Schedule:

(i) to the knowledge of Seller, Seller and its Subsidiaries exclusively own or possesses adequate and enforceable rights to use all of the Intellectual Property Assets necessary for the operation of the Business as currently conducted, free and clear of all Encumbrances other than Permitted Encumbrances, except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect;

(ii) Seller and its Subsidiaries are not now nor have they ever been a member or a promoter of, or a contributor to, any industry standards body or similar organization that would require or obligate them to grant or offer to any other Person any license or right to any Seller Intellectual Property Asset;

(iii) to the knowledge of Seller, all Seller Intellectual Property Assets are valid and enforceable and all Seller Registered IP Rights that have been issued or

 

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registered by, or are the subject of an application filed with, as applicable, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Copyright Office or in any similar office or agency anywhere in the world, are currently in compliance with formal legal requirements (including without limitation, as applicable, payment of filing, examination and maintenance fees, proofs of working or use, timely post-registration filing of affidavits of use and incontestability and renewal applications), and to the knowledge of Seller, all actions, documents and instruments necessary to maintain or if registered perfect the rights of Seller in and to the Seller Intellectual Property Assets have been taken, validly executed, delivered and/or filed in a timely manner with the appropriate Governmental Authority (including, but not limited to those steps necessary to maintain or if registered perfect Seller’s rights in Seller Intellectual Property Assets developed under contracts or awards from the United States Government), except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect;

(iv) there are no pending claims, or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened claims against any of Seller or any of its Subsidiaries alleging that any of the operations of the Business, any activity by Seller or its Subsidiaries, any computer programs and/or services and related documentation that Seller or its Subsidiaries design, manufacture, market, sell and/or distribute for themselves, a customer or a third party (each such product or service shall be referred to herein as a “ Seller Product “) infringes on or violates (or in the past infringed or violated) the rights of third parties in or to any Intellectual Property Assets (“ Third Party IP Rights ”) or constitutes a misappropriation of (or in the past constituted a misappropriation of) any Trade Secrets of any Person or that any of the Seller Intellectual Property Assets is invalid or unenforceable, nor is there any interference, opposition, reissue, reexamination or other proceeding of any nature pending or, to the knowledge of Seller, threatened, in which the scope, validity and/or enforceability of any S


 
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