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Exhibit 2.1
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
This AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER (the “ Agreement ”) is made and entered
into as of September 24, 2007 by and among Catcher Holdings,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Acquiror ”),
Huckleberry Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation and
wholly owned subsidiary of Acquiror (“ Merger Sub
”), Vivato Networks, Inc., an Oregon corporation (“
Target ”) and Gary Haycox as Stockholders’
Agent. Acquiror, Merger Sub, Target and Stockholders’ Agent
are referred to collectively herein as the “ Parties
.”
RECITALS
A. Target and Predecessor (as
defined below) are engaged in the business of developing,
manufacturing, and distributing extended range Wi-Fi infrastructure
equipment in large-scale mobile workforce and metropolitan network
access environments (the “ Business
”).
B. The Boards of Directors of
Acquiror, Merger Sub and Target believe it is in the best interests
of their respective companies and the stockholders of their
respective companies that Target and Merger Sub combine into a
single company through the statutory merger of Merger Sub with and
into Target with Target continuing as the surviving corporation
(the “ Merger ”) and, in furtherance thereof,
have approved or will have approved the Merger.
C. The holders of the
outstanding capital stock of Target (the “ Target
Shares ”) having sufficient voting power to approve the
Merger have approved the Merger.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the representations, warranties and covenants
contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
Parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
Section 1.1 The
Merger . At the Effective Time (as defined in Section 1.6)
and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement,
the Certificate of Merger attached hereto as
Exhibit A (the “ Certificate of
Merger ”) and the applicable provisions of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“ Delaware
Law ”), Merger Sub shall be merged with and into Target,
the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and
Target shall continue as the surviving corporation (the “
Surviving Corporation ”).
Section 1.2 Effect of
the Merger . At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger
shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Certificate of Merger
and the applicable provisions of Delaware Law. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective
Time, all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises
of Target and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation,
and all debts, liabilities and duties of Target and Merger Sub
shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving
Corporation.
Section 1.3
Certificate of Incorporation; Bylaws .
(a) At the Effective Time,
the Certificate of Incorporation of Merger Sub, as in effect
immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the Certificate
of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter
amended as provided by Delaware Law and such Certificate of
Incorporation; provided, however, that Section 1 of the
Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation shall be
amended to read as follows: “The name of the corporation is
‘Vivato Networks, Inc.’”
(b) The Bylaws of Merger Sub,
as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the
Bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended;
provided, however, that the name of the Surviving Corporation as
reflected in such bylaws shall be “Vivato Networks,
Inc.”
Section 1.4 Directors
and Officers . At the Effective Time, the directors and
officers of Merger Sub shall be the directors and officers of the
Surviving Corporation, to serve until their respective successors
are duly elected or appointed and qualified.
Section 1.5 Merger
Consideration; Effect on Capital Stock . At the Effective Time,
by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of
Merger Sub, Target or the holders of the Target Shares (the “
Target Stockholders ”), each Target Share issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
converted and exchanged into the right to receive one share of
Acquiror’s Common Stock. After the Effective Time, any
certificates representing shares of Target Stock shall represent
only the right to receive the consideration set forth in this
Section 1.5.
(a) The aggregate
consideration shall consist of two million five hundred thousand
(2,500,000) validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
shares of the common stock of Acquiror, subject to
Section 1.5(c) regarding fractional shares and ARTICLE V
regarding indemnification and escrow (the “ Shares
”). The Shares shall be paid to the Target Stockholders as
set forth on Schedule 1.5(a) .
(b) Capital Stock of
Merger Sub . At the Effective Time, each share of the common
stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be converted into and exchanged for one
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock
of the Surviving Corporation. Each stock certificate of Merger Sub
evidencing ownership of any such shares shall continue to evidence
ownership of such shares of capital stock of the Surviving
Corporation.
(c) Fractional Shares
. No fraction of a share of Acquiror common stock will be issued,
but in lieu of such issuance, each holder of Target Shares who
would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Acquiror
common stock (after aggregating all fractional shares of Acquiror
common stock to be received by such holder) shall receive from
Acquiror one additional share of Acquiror common stock. The
fractional share interests of each Target Stockholder shall be
aggregated, so that no Target Stockholder shall receive more than
one share of Acquiror common stock with respect to any interest in
fractional shares.
Section 1.6 Closing;
Effective Time . The closing of the transactions contemplated
hereby (the “ Closing ”) shall take place on the
date hereof, or at such other time as the parties hereto agree (the
“ Closing Date ”). The Closing shall take place
at the offices of Morrison & Foerster LLP, 12531 High
Bluff Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92130, or at such other
location as the parties hereto agree. In connection with the
Closing, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger to be
consummated by the filing of the Certificate of Merger, together
with any required certificates, with the Secretary of State of
Delaware, in accordance with the relevant provisions of Delaware
Law as soon as possible after the Closing (the time of such filing
being the “ Effective Time ”).
Section 1.7 Closing
Deliveries .
(a) On the Closing Date,
Target shall deliver the following items, all of which shall be in
a form and substance reasonably acceptable to Acquiror:
(i) A certificate executed on
behalf of Target by its Chief Executive Officer certifying to the
matters in Section 4.1(b);
(ii) Certificates from the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as to Target’s
good standing;
(iii) A certified copy from
the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of the current
Certificate of Incorporation of Target;
(iv) A certificate executed
on behalf of Target by its Secretary certifying its bylaws and
board resolutions approving and authorizing the transactions
contemplated herein;
(v) Such other documents as
Acquiror’s counsel shall have reasonably requested, in form
and substance reasonably satisfactory to such counsel;
(vi) The written consents of
all third parties required to complete the Merger;
(vii) The stock books and
records and corporate minute books of Target;
(viii) The signed
resignations of all directors and all officers of Target dated and
effective as of the Closing Date;
(ix) Each of the employees of
Target who accepts employment with Acquiror shall have executed and
delivered to Acquiror an Employee Innovations and Proprietary
Rights Assignment Agreement in substantially the form attached
hereto as Exhibit B ; and
(b) On the Closing Date,
Acquiror and Merger Sub shall deliver the following items, as the
case may be, all of which shall be in a form and substance
reasonably acceptable to Target:
(i) Acquiror shall deliver to
the Escrow Agent the shares to be deposited in the Escrow Fund (as
defined below); and
(ii) Offers of employment to
each of the employees listed on Schedule 1.7(b)
.
(c) On the Closing Date, the
Parties shall deliver the following items to the other Parties as
follows, all of which shall be in a form and substance reasonably
acceptable to the receiving Party:
(i) Each of the Key Employees
and the Acquiror shall have executed and delivered an Executive
Employment Agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as
Exhibit C ;
(ii) Acquiror and Vivato
Networks Holdings, Inc. shall have executed a License Agreement in
substantially the form attached hereto as
Exhibit D (the “ License Agreement
”);
(iii) Target, Predecessor and
Acquiror shall have executed and delivered the Management Agreement
in substantially the form attached hereto as
Exhibit E (the “ Management
Agreement ”); and
(iv) Target, Acquiror and the
Escrow Agent shall have executed and delivered the Escrow Agreement
in substantially the form attached hereto as
Exhibit F (the “ Escrow Agreement
”).
Section 1.8 Surrender
of Certificates .
(a) At the Effective Time,
the stock transfer books of Target shall be closed and there shall
be no further registration of transfers of Target Shares thereafter
on the records of Target. If, after the Effective Time,
certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation for any
reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in this
Section 1.8. If any certificate for Shares is to be issued in
a name other than that in which the certificate surrendered in
exchange therefore is registered, it will be a condition of the
issuance thereof that the certificate so surrendered will be
properly endorsed and otherwise in proper form for transfer and
that the person requesting such exchange will have paid to Acquiror
or any agent designated by it any transfer or other taxes required
by reason of the issuance of a certificate for Shares in any name
other than that of the registered holder of the certificate
surrendered, or established to the satisfaction of Acquiror or any
agent designated by it that such tax has been paid or is not
payable.
(b) Computershare Limited
shall act as exchange agent hereunder for the purpose of exchanging
Target Shares for the Merger Consideration (the “ Exchange
Agent ”). Within forty-eight (48) hours after the
Effective Time, Acquiror shall deposit with the Exchange Agent, in
trust for the benefit of the Target Stockholders, certificates
representing the Shares, less the Shares constituting the Escrow
Fund (as defined in Section 7.3), which will be deposited with
the Escrow Agent pursuant to the provisions of ARTICLE VII. The
certificates of Acquiror common stock deposited with the Exchange
Agent shall hereinafter be referred to as the “ Exchange
Fund .”
(c) As soon as reasonably
practicable after the Effective Time (but in no event more than ten
(10) days thereafter), Acquiror and the Surviving Corporation
shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be
mailed to each holder of a certificate or certificates which
immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding
Target Shares (the “ Certificates ”) (a) a
letter of transmittal which shall specify that delivery shall be
effective, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall
pass, only upon delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent,
and which letter shall be in customary form and have such other
provisions as Acquiror may reasonably specify; and
(b) instructions for effecting the surrender of such
Certificates in exchange for the Shares. Upon surrender of a
Certificate to the Exchange Agent together with such letter of
transmittal, duly executed and completed in accordance with the
instructions thereto, and such other documents as may reasonably be
required by the Exchange Agent, the holder of such Certificate
shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor shares of
Acquiror common stock representing, in the aggregate, the whole
number of Shares that such holder has the right to receive pursuant
to Section 1.5(a), less that number of Shares to be deposited
with the Escrow Agent pursuant to Section 5.3. Until
surrendered as contemplated by this Section 1.8, each
Certificate shall be deemed at any time after the Effective Date to
represent only the right to receive the Shares, payable upon
surrender of the Certificates.
(d) The Shares delivered upon
the surrender for exchange of the Target Shares in accordance with
the terms hereof shall be deemed to have been delivered in full
satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such Target Shares. At the
Effective Time, the stock transfer books of Target shall be closed,
and there shall be no further registration of transfers of Target
Shares on the records of Target.
Section 1.9 Taking of
Necessary Action; Further Action . Each of Acquiror, Merger Sub
and Target will take all such reasonable and lawful action as may
be necessary or desirable in order to effectuate the Merger in
accordance with this Agreement as promptly as possible. If, at any
time after the Effective Time, any further action is necessary or
desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and to vest
the Surviving Corporation with full right, title and possession to
all assets, property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of
Target and Merger Sub, the officers and directors of the Surviving
Corporation are fully authorized in the name of both Target and
Merger Sub or otherwise to take all such lawful and necessary
action, so long as such action is not inconsistent with this
Agreement.
ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF TARGET
In this Agreement, any
reference to a “ Material Adverse Effect ”
means, with respect to any entity or group of entities, any change,
development, effect, condition or event that, individually or in
the aggregate, has had, or is reasonably likely to have, a material
and adverse effect on the business, properties, assets,
liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects or
results of operations of the entity and its Subsidiaries, taken as
a whole, or the ability of such entity to perform its obligations
under this Agreement and the Transaction Documents and timely
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. References to a
Material Adverse Effect on Target or its assets shall also refer to
a Material Adverse Effect on Predecessor (as defined below) and its
assets.
In this Agreement, any
reference to a Party’s “ knowledge ,”
unless otherwise qualified, means (i) with respect to any
natural person, the actual knowledge of such person, and
(ii) with respect to any entity, the actual knowledge of such
entity’s officers and directors and the knowledge an entity
would have after reasonable inquiry by the entity’s officers
and directors of directors, officers, employees and consultants of
the entity in the event a reasonable person would have, in the
fulfillment of his or her duties, made such inquiry. Where
representations are qualified to the knowledge of Target, such
knowledge shall also refer to the knowledge of
Predecessor.
For purposes of this ARTICLE
II, any reference to “Target” shall also be a reference
to any entity or entities through which Target engaged in and
conducted the Business during the past three (3) years,
including without limitation, General Solutions Engineering, LLC,
an Oregon limited liability company, (“ Predecessor
”). The inclusion of representations referring to Predecessor
separately or to both “Target” and
“Predecessor” in this ARTICLE II shall not create any
implication that reference solely to “Target” in any
other representation in ARTICLE II does not also refer to
Predecessor.
In this Agreement, the term
“ Reorganization ” shall refer to the
distribution or exchange of ownership interests of Predecessor for
Target Shares.
As used in this Agreement,
the word “ subsidiary ” means, with respect to
any Party, any corporation or other organization, whether
incorporated or unincorporated, of which at least a majority of the
securities or other interests having by their terms ordinary voting
power to elect a majority of the Board of Directors or others
performing similar functions with respect to such corporation or
other organization is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by
such Party or by any one or more of its subsidiaries, or by such
Party and one or more of its subsidiaries.
For purposes of this ARTICLE
II, the term “ Target Entities ” shall refer to
the Target and any of Target’s subsidiaries and
Predecessors.
Except as disclosed in a
disclosure schedule, which references the specific representations
and warranties as to which the exception is made (the “
Disclosure Schedule ”), Target represents and warrants
to Acquiror and Merger Sub as of the date of this Agreement as
follows:
Section 2.1
Organization, Standing and Power . Target is a corporation
duly formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws
of the state of Oregon, as of the date hereof, and of Delaware, as
of the Closing Date, and has all requisite power to own, lease and
operate its properties and to carry on its business as currently
being conducted and as currently proposed to be conducted, and is
duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each
jurisdiction in which the nature of its operations requires such
qualification. Target has delivered to Acquiror true and correct
copies of its charter documents (Certificate of Incorporation and
Bylaws, or, with respect to Predecessor, Certificate of Formation,
operating agreement and/or similar documents), as amended to date.
Target is not in violation of any of the provisions of its charter
documents. Target does not own any equity or similar interest in,
or any interest convertible or exchangeable or exercisable for any
equity or similar interest in, any corporation, joint venture or
other business association or entity, either directly or
indirectly.
Section 2.2
Authority; Required Filings and Consents .
(a) Target has all requisite
power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the
Transaction Documents (as defined below) and to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. This Agreement, the
Escrow Agreement, the Management Agreement, the License Agreement,
the Certificate of Merger and all ancillary agreements executed and
delivered by Target as required by this Agreement (collectively,
the “ Transaction Documents ”) have been or will
be duly executed and delivered by Target and constitute or will
constitute the valid and binding obligations of Target, enforceable
against Target in accordance with their respective terms, except as
such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to
creditors’ rights generally, and general principles of
equity. The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the
Transaction Documents, and all ancillary agreements referenced
herein and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on
the part of Target.
(b) Except as set forth in
Schedule 2.2(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, the
execution and delivery by Target of this Agreement and the other
Transaction Documents to which Target is or will be a party does
not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby will not, (i) conflict with, or result in any
violation or breach of any provision of, the charter documents of
Target, (ii) result in any violation or breach of or
constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) a
default under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation
or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, any
note, mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement or
obligation to which Target is a party or by which Target, or any
of
Target’s assets may be bound
except where such violation, breach or right would not have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target or its assets, or
(iii) conflict with or violate any permit, concession,
franchise, license, judgment, order, decree, statute, law,
ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to Target, or any of
Target’s assets except where such conflict or violation would
not have a Material Adverse Effect on Target or its
assets.
(c) No consent, approval,
order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing
with, any court, administrative agency or commission or other
governmental authority or instrumentality (“ Governmental
Entity ”) is required by or with respect to Target in
connection with the execution and delivery of the Transaction
Documents or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, except for (i) the filing of the
Certificate of Merger, together with any required officers’
certificates; (ii) filings, if any, required under Regulation
D of the Securities Act; and (iii) such consents, approvals,
orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings as
may be required under applicable state securities laws.
Section 2.3
Capitalization . The authorized capital stock of Target
consists of 5,000,000.00 shares of Target common stock, (par value
$.001) (the “ Target Common Stock ”), of which
1,800,055 shares are issued and outstanding and of which
3,508,000.00 shares shall be issued and outstanding as of the
Closing Date. Schedule 2.3(i) of the Disclosure Schedule
contains a full and complete list of all holders of Target common
stock including their respective names and addresses of record. All
outstanding shares of Target Common Stock are and shall be duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and are
and shall be free of any liens or encumbrances, and are and shall
not be subject to preemptive rights or rights of first refusal
created by statute (in each case that have not been complied with
or waived), the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, or any
agreement to which Target is a party or by which it is bound. Other
than the Target Shares neither Target nor Predecessor has any other
classes of interests of which shares or interests are currently
outstanding. No Target Shares are held in treasury. There are no
options, warrants, calls, rights, commitments or agreements of any
character to which Target is a party or by which it is bound
obligating Target to issue, deliver, sell, repurchase or redeem or
cause to be issued, delivered, sold, repurchased or redeemed, any
shares of its capital stock (whether Target Shares or any other
class of equity or debt security) or obligating Target to grant,
extend, accelerate the vesting of, change the price of, or
otherwise amend or enter into any such option, warrant, call,
right, commitment or agreement. There are no contracts, commitments
or agreements relating to voting, purchase or sale of Target Shares
between Target and any of its stockholders. All outstanding
securities issued by Target were issued in compliance with all
applicable federal and state securities laws.
Section 2.4 Financial
Statements .
(a) Target and Predecessor
have delivered to Acquiror their financial statements for each of
the fiscal years ended in 2007 and 2006 (collectively, the “
Target Financial Statements ”). The Target Financial
Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles (except that the unaudited financial
statements do not contain footnotes and are subject to normal
recurring year-end audit adjustments, the effect of which will not,
individually or in the aggregate, be materially adverse) applied on
a consistent basis throughout the periods presented and consistent
with each other. The Target Financial Statements fairly present the
consolidated financial condition, operating results and cash flow
of Target and Predecessor as of the dates, and for the periods,
indicated therein, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and
the absence of footnotes in the case of the unaudited Target
Financial Statements.
(b) Target and Predecessor
maintain, and will continue to maintain, a system of internal
accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that
(i) transactions are executed with management’s general
or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements of Target
and Predecessor and to maintain accountability for assets;
(iii) access to Target’s and Predecessor’s assets
is permitted only in accordance with management’s
authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets
is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and
appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Target
is not party to or otherwise involved in any “off-balance
sheet arrangements” (as defined in Item 303 of
Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)).
Section 2.5 Absence
of Undisclosed Liabilities . Neither Target nor Predecessor has
any liabilities, either accrued or contingent (whether or not
required to be reflected in financial statements in accordance
with
GAAP), and whether due or to become due,
other than (i) liabilities reflected or provided for on
Predecessor’s balance sheet (the “ Target Balance
Sheet ”) as of June 30, 2007 (the “ Target
Balance Sheet Date ”) contained in the Target Financial
Statements and (ii) liabilities specifically described in this
Agreement, the Schedules hereto or the Disclosure Schedule. Since
June 30, 2007, Target and Predecessor have conducted their
business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and
there has not occurred any change, event or condition that has
resulted in, or could reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect on Target or Predecessor.
Section 2.6 Absence
of Certain Changes . Except as set forth on
Schedule 2.6 of the Disclosure Schedule, since the
Target Balance Sheet Date, Target and Predecessor have each
conducted its business in the ordinary course and there has not
occurred: (i) any change, event or condition (whether or not
covered by insurance) that has resulted in, or might reasonably be
expected to result in, a Material Adverse Effect to Target or
Predecessor; (ii) any acquisition, sale or transfer of any
asset of Target or Predecessor other than in the ordinary course of
business and consistent with past practice or that would have a
Material Adverse Effect; (iii) any change in accounting
methods or practices (including any change in depreciation or
amortization policies or rates) by Target or Predecessor or any
revaluation by Target or Predecessor of any of Target’s or
Predecessor’s assets; (iv) any declaration, setting
aside, or payment of a dividend or other distribution with respect
to the shares of Target or membership interests of Predecessor or
any direct or indirect redemption, purchase or other acquisition by
Target of any of its Target Shares or by Predecessor of its
membership interests; (v) any Material Contract entered into
by Target or Predecessor, other than in the ordinary course of
business and as provided to Acquiror, or any amendment or
termination of, or default under, any Material Contract to which
Target or Predecessor is a party or by which either of them is
bound; (vi) any amendment or change to the charter documents
of Target or the charter documents of Predecessor; (vii) any
increase in or modification of the compensation or benefits paid,
payable or to become payable by Target or Predecessor to any of its
managers, officers or employees; (viii) any reduction in the
sales of Target or Predecessor to, or significant detrimental
change in terms with, any customer for the twelve month period
beginning on the Closing and ending on the one-year anniversary of
the Closing as compared to the same time period during the previous
year or (ix) any negotiation or agreement by Target or
Predecessor to do any of the things described in the preceding
clauses (i) through (viii) (other than in connection with
(A) the Reorganization, and (B) negotiations with Merger
Sub, Acquiror and their representatives regarding the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement). As of Closing, there will be no
accrued but unpaid dividends on the Target Shares.
Section 2.7 Taxes
.
(a) For purposes of this
Agreement, a “ Tax ” or, collectively, “
Taxes ,” means any and all federal, state and local
taxes of any country, assessments and other governmental charges,
duties, impositions and liabilities, including taxes based upon or
measured by gross receipts, income, profits, sales, use and
occupation, and value added, ad valorem, transfer, franchise,
withholding, payroll, recapture, employment, excise and property
taxes, together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed
with respect to such amounts and any obligations under any
agreements or arrangements with any other person with respect to
such amounts and including any liability for taxes of a predecessor
entity.
(b) The Target Entities have
each prepared and timely filed all returns, estimates, information
statements and reports required to be filed with any taxing
authority (“ Returns ”) relating to any and all
Taxes concerning or attributable to Target, Predecessor or any of
their respective operations and such Returns are true and correct
in all respects and have been completed in all respects in
accordance with applicable law. Target has delivered to Acquiror
true and correct copies of all federal Returns filed by Target and
Predecessor and delivered to Acquiror all other Returns filed by
Target or Predecessor since Target or Predecessor’s
inception.
(c) Target and Predecessor as
of the Closing Date, (i) will have paid all Taxes it or its
Predecessor is required to pay prior to the Closing Date, and
(ii) will have properly withheld and remitted to the proper
taxing authority all Taxes required to be withheld with respect to
amounts paid or owed to any employee, independent contractor,
member, stockholder, or other third party.
(d) There is no Tax
deficiency outstanding or assessed or proposed against Target or
Predecessor that is not reflected as an estimated liability on the
Balance Sheet or set forth on the Disclosure Schedule, nor has
Target or Predecessor executed any agreements or waivers extending
any statute of limitations on or extending the period for the
assessment or collection of any Tax.
(e) Neither of the Target
Entities has any liabilities for unpaid Taxes that have not been
accrued for or reserved on the Balance Sheet, whether asserted or
unasserted, contingent or otherwise.
(f) Neither of the Target
Entities is a party to any tax-sharing agreement or similar
arrangement with any other party, or any contractual obligation to
pay any Tax obligations of, or with respect to any transaction
relating to, any other person or to indemnify any other person with
respect to any Tax.
(g) Neither of the Target
Entities has ever been a party to any contract, agreement, plan or
arrangement, including but not limited to the provisions of this
Agreement, covering any employee or former employee of Target or
Predecessor that, individually or collectively, could give rise to
the payment of any amount that would not be deductible pursuant to
Sections 280G, 404 or 162(m) of the Code by Target or Merger Sub as
an expense under applicable law.
(h) Neither Target’s
nor Predecessor’s Returns have ever been audited by a
government or a taxing authority, no such audit is in process or
pending, and neither Target nor Predecessor has been notified of
any request for such an audit or other examination. Target has
delivered to Acquiror accurate and complete copies of all audit
reports and similar documents (to which Target or Predecessor had
access) relating to Target’s or Predecessor’s
Returns.
(i) No claim or legal
proceeding is pending or to Target’s knowledge has been
threatened against or with respect to Target or Predecessor in
respect of any Tax. There are no unsatisfied liabilities for Taxes
(including liabilities for interest, additions to tax and penalties
thereon and related expenses) with respect to any notice of
deficiency or similar document received by Target or Predecessor
with respect to any Tax (other than liabilities for Taxes asserted
under any such notice of deficiency or similar document which are
being contested in good faith by Target and with respect to which
adequate reserves for payment have been established). There are no
liens for Taxes upon any of the assets of Target, except liens for
current Taxes not yet due and payable. Target has not entered into
or become bound by any agreement or consent pursuant to
Section 341(f) of the Code. Target has not been, and will not
be, required to include any adjustment in taxable income for any
tax period (or portion thereof) pursuant to Section 481 or
263A of the Code or any comparable provision under state or foreign
Tax laws as a result of transactions or events occurring, or
accounting methods employed, prior to the Closing.
(j) Neither Target nor
Predecessor has ever been a member of a group (including an
affiliated group, within the meaning of Section 1504 of the
Code) with which it has filed or been included in a combined,
consolidated or unitary income Return, other than a group of which
Target is or was the common parent. Target is not, nor has it ever
been, a party to or bound by any tax indemnity agreement, tax
sharing agreement, tax allocation agreement or similar contract.
Predecessor has never been a party to or bound by any tax indemnity
agreement, tax sharing agreement, tax allocation agreement or
similar contract. Target is not liable for the Taxes of any
taxpayer under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 (or any
similar provision of state, local or foreign law) as a transferee
or successor, by contract (including any tax allocation agreement,
tax sharing agreement or tax indemnity agreement), or otherwise for
any taxable period beginning before the Closing Date. No Tax
liability or restriction, reduction or limitation on or of
favorable Tax attributes (such as losses or credits, loss or credit
carryovers, basis or deduction) will arise directly or indirectly
as a result of the Merger other than pursuant to Section 382
and Section 383 of the Code. Prior to the Merger, neither
Target or Predecessor has been subject to limitations under
Sections 382 or 383 of the Code and none of the available net
operating losses and carryovers set forth in the Disclosure
Schedule has otherwise been restricted, reduced or
limited.
(k) Neither of the Target
Entities has executed any agreements or waivers extending any
statute of limitations on or extending the period for the
assessment or collection of any Tax.
(l) Each of the Target
Entities has collected all sales and use Taxes required to be
collected, and has remitted, or will remit on a timely basis, such
amounts to the appropriate governmental entity and has furnished
properly completed exemption certificates for all exempt
transactions. Predecessor and Target have each collected all sales
and use Taxes required to be collected, and remitted such amounts
to the appropriate governmental entity and furnish properly
completed exemption certificates for all exempt
transactions.
(m) No claim has ever been
made by a governmental entity in a jurisdiction where Target or
Predecessor does not file Returns that it is or may be subject to
taxation by that jurisdiction.
(n) Neither Target nor
Predecessor is or has ever been a United States Real Property
Holding Corporation within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of
the Code during the applicable periods specified in
Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code.
(o) Target, Predecessor and
Predecessor’s members have paid any and all Taxes arising out
of or related to the formation of Target and the transfer of
membership interests from Predecessor members to Target.
(p) No power of attorney with
respect to Taxes has been granted by any of the Target
Entities.
(q) None of the Target
Entities has requested or received any private letter ruling from
the Internal Revenue Service or comparable rulings from any other
government or taxing agency.
Section 2.8 Title to
Property . Target has good and marketable title to all of its
properties, interests in properties and assets, real and personal,
reflected in the Target Balance Sheet or acquired after the Target
Balance Sheet Date (except properties, interests in properties and
assets sold or otherwise disposed of since the Target Balance Sheet
Date in the ordinary course of business), or with respect to leased
properties and assets, valid leasehold interests therein, free and
clear of all mortgages, liens, pledges, charges or encumbrances of
any kind or character, except (a) the lien of current taxes
not yet due and payable; (b) such imperfections of title,
liens and easements as do not and will not materially detract from
or interfere with the use of the properties subject thereto or
affected thereby, or otherwise materially impair business
operations involving such properties; (c) liens securing debt
that is reflected on the Target Balance Sheet; and (d) such
other mortgages, liens, pledges, charges or encumbrances as could
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect on Target. The plants, property and
equipment of Target that are used in the operations of
Target’s business are in all material respects in good
operating condition and repair, subject to normal wear and tear.
All properties used in the operations of Target are reflected in
the Target Balance Sheet to the extent required by generally
accepted accounting principles. All leases to which Target is a
party are in full force and effect and are valid, binding and
enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except as
such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to
creditors’ rights generally; and general principles of
equity, regardless of whether asserted in a proceeding in equity or
at law. True and correct copies of all such leases have been
provided to Acquiror. Target owns no real property. All plants,
property and equipment that are used in the operation of the
Business have been properly transferred or distributed to Target in
connection with the Reorganization, and Target has good and
marketable title to all such plants, property and
equipment.
Section 2.9
Intellectual Property .
(a) Except as set forth on
Schedule 2.9(a) to the Disclosure Schedule, and other
than the Licensed Intellectual Property (as defined below), Target
solely owns all patents, trademarks, common law trademarks, trade
names, trade secrets (including customer lists), service marks and
copyrights, and any applications for and registrations of such
patents, trademarks, service marks, and copyrights and all
processes, formulas, methods, schematics, technology, know-how,
computer software programs, data or applications and tangible or
intangible proprietary information or material that are used in the
Business as currently conducted or as presently proposed to be
conducted, free and clear of all liens, claims or encumbrances (all
of which are referred to as the “ Target Intellectual
Property Rights ”). Each license or other agreement with
a third party for which Target has acquired rights to the Licensed
Intellectual Property (i) is in full force and effect,
(ii) is valid, binding and enforceable, (iii) grants
Target all necessary rights to intellectual property as are used in
the Business as currently conducted or as presently proposed to be
conducted, and (iv) there exists no default (or condition
which, with the passage of time, the giving or notice or both)
which would give rise to a right to terminate or otherwise limit
rights granted to Target. Except as disclosed on Schedule
2.9(a) , Predecessor has transferred or distributed to Target
all Target Intellectual Property Rights.
(b)
Schedule 2.9(b) contains an accurate and complete
description of (i) all patents, trademarks, common law
trademarks, trade names, service marks and copyrights included in
the Target Intellectual Property Rights, including the
jurisdictions in which each such Target Intellectual Property Right
has been issued or registered, if applicable, or in which any such
application for such issuance and registration has been filed,
(ii) all licenses and sublicenses, distribution agreements and
other agreements to which Target is a party and pursuant to which
any person is authorized to use or has a license or other immunity
with respect to any Target Intellectual Property Rights,
(iii) all licenses, sublicenses and other agreements to which
Target is a party and pursuant to which Target is authorized to use
any third party technology, trade secret, know-how, process,
patent, trademark or copyright, including software (“
Licensed Intellectual Property ”), which is used in
the Business as currently conducted or as presently proposed to be
conducted (including licenses for off-the-shelf software),
(iv) all joint development agreements to which Target is a
party, and (v) all agreements with Governmental Entities or
other third parties pursuant to which Target has obtained funding
for research and development activities.
(c) Target will not be as a
result of Target’s execution and delivery of this Agreement
or the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, in
breach of any license, sublicense or other agreement relating to
the Target Intellectual Property Rights or Licensed Intellectual
Property.
(d) Target (i) has not
received notice of a claim of infringement of any patent,
trademark, service mark, copyright, trade secret or other
proprietary right of any third party and (ii) does not have
any knowledge of any claim challenging or questioning the validity
or effectiveness of any license or agreement relating to any Target
Intellectual Property Rights or Licensed Intellectual Property. To
the knowledge of Target, the Business as currently conducted or as
presently proposed to be conducted does not and will not result in
an unauthorized use, disclosure or misappropriation of any third
party’s intellectual property rights.
(e) Target and Predecessor
have at all times used reasonable efforts to protect their
proprietary information and to prevent such information from being
released into the public domain. Target and Predecessor have caused
each person currently or formerly employed by Target or Predecessor
(including independent consultants and contractors, if any) to
execute and deliver to Target an employee innovations and
proprietary rights assignment agreement in Target’s or
Predecessor’s standard form and has provided copies of such
agreements to Acquiror. To the knowledge of Target, neither the
execution or delivery of any such agreement by any such person, nor
the carrying on of the business as currently conducted, has or will
conflict with or result in a breach of the terms, conditions or
provisions of, or constitute a default under, any contract,
covenant or instrument under which any of such persons is
obligated.
(f) Target has not entered
into any covenant not to compete or contract, agreement or other
arrangement limiting its ability to transact business in any
market, field or geographical area or with any third
party.
Section 2.10 Bank
Accounts . Schedule 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule
sets forth the names and locations of all banks and other financial
institutions at which Target maintains accounts of any nature, the
type of accounts maintained at each such institution, the names of
all persons authorized to draw thereon or make withdrawals
therefrom and the balance of each account as of the Closing.
Schedule 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule also sets
forth a list of all credit cards for which Target is
liable.
Section 2.11 Material
Contracts .
(a) All the Material
Contracts (as defined below) to which Target is a party are listed
in Schedule 2.11(a) hereto. With respect to each
agreement so listed: (i) the agreement is legal, valid,
binding and enforceable and in full force and effect with respect
to Target, and to Target’s knowledge is legal, valid,
binding, enforceable and in full force and effect with respect to
each other party thereto, in each case subject to the effect of
bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar laws affecting
the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and except as
the availability of equitable remedies may be limited by general
principles of equity; (ii) the agreement will continue to be
legal, valid, binding and enforceable and in full force and effect
immediately following the Effective Time in accordance with the
terms thereof as in effect prior to the Effective Time, subject to
the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar
laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally
and except as the availability of equitable remedies may be limited
by general principles of equity; and (iii) neither Target,
nor, to Target’s knowledge, any other party, is in breach or
default, and no event has occurred
which with notice or lapse of time would
constitute a breach or default by Target, or, to Target’s
knowledge, by any such other party, or permit termination,
modification or acceleration, under the agreement. Target is not a
party to any oral Material Contract. “ Material
Contract ” means any contract, agreement or commitment to
which Target or Predecessor is a party, including, but not limited
to, any leases, licenses, royalty agreements, development
agreements, service agreements, distributor agreements or any other
obligations (a) with expected receipts or expenditures in
excess of $25,000 over the life of the contract, (b) requiring
Target or Predecessor to indemnify any party or person,
(c) granting any exclusive rights to any party,
(d) evidencing indebtedness for borrowed or loaned money of
$25,000 or more, including guarantees of such indebtedness, or
(e) which if breached or terminated would reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Target. Target is not
a party to any agreement with any salesperson, consultant,
contractor or other party obligating Target to pay any commission
or compensation to such other party after the Closing with respect
to the purchases of any current or prospective customer.
(b) Except as disclosed in
Schedule 2.11(b) , Predecessor has assigned to Target all
rights, contracts, agreements and commitments necessary to conduct
the Business as presently conducted or as presently proposed to be
conducted, and all such assignments are legal, valid, binding and
enforceable.
Section 2.12
Environmental Matters .
(a) None of the properties or
facilities of Target is in violation of any federal state or local
law, ordinance, regulation or order relating to the protection of
public health and safety, the protection of worker health and
safety or the environmental conditions on, under or about the
properties or facilities, including, but not limited to, soil and
ground water condition except where the violations would not
constitute a Material Adverse Effect on Target. During the time
that Target or Predecessor has owned or leased either’s
properties and facilities, none of Target, Predecessor or, to
Target’s knowledge, any third party, has released, used,
generated, manufactured or stored on, under or about the properties
or facilities or transported to or from the properties or
facilities any hazardous materials.
(b) During the time that
either Target or Predecessor has owned or leased Target’s
properties or facilities, there has been no litigation brought or,
to the knowledge of Target, threatened against either Target or
Predecessor by, or any settlement reached by Target or Predecessor
with, any party or parties alleging the presence, disposal, release
or threatened release of any hazardous materials on, from or under
any of the properties or facilities.
Section 2.13 Employee
Benefit Plans; ERISA .
(a) Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target: (i) Target and Predecessor
have complied, and are now in compliance, with all provisions of
all laws and regulations applicable to each material employee
benefit plan, program or policy providing benefits to any current
or former employee, officer or director of Target or Predecessor or
any beneficiary or dependent thereof that is sponsored or
maintained by Target or Predecessor or to which Target or
Predecessor contributes or is obligated to contribute, or with
respect to which Target or Predecessor has or may have any
Liability or obligations, including any employee welfare benefit
plan within the meaning of Section 3(1) of ERISA or any
employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of
Section 3(2) of ERISA (whether or not such plan is subject to
ERISA) and any material bonus, incentive, deferred compensation,
vacation, stock purchase, stock option, severance, employment,
change of control or fringe benefit or similar arrangement,
agreement, plan, program or policy (the “Target Benefit
Plans”), and each Target Benefit Plan has been administered
in accordance with its terms, including the making of all required
contributions and the reflection by Target or Predecessor of all
required accruals on its financial statements; (ii) no event
or condition exists which would reasonably be expected to subject
the Target or Predecessor to liability in connection with the
Target Benefit Plans or any plan, program, or policy sponsored or
contributed to by any of their respective ERISA Affiliates other
than the provision of benefits thereunder in the ordinary course;
(iii) there are no pending or, to Target and
Predecessor’s knowledge, threatened actions (other than
claims for benefits in the ordinary course) relating to Target
Benefit Plans which have been asserted or instituted and which
would reasonably be expected to result in any liability of Target
or Predecessor; and (iv) each Target Benefit Plan which is
intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has
received a favorable determination letter or opinion letter from
the Internal Revenue Service, and Target is not aware of any
circumstances likely to result in revocation of any such favorable
determination or opinion letter. Schedule 2.13
sets forth a list of all material Target
Benefit Plans. Target has made available to Acquiror complete and
correct copies of all material documents evidencing any material
Target Benefit Plan, together with copies of all annual reports for
the preceding three plan years, current summary plan descriptions
applicable thereto and the most recent IRS determination letter or
opinion letter with respect to any Employee Benefit Plan that is
intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code. For
purposes of this Section 2.13, “ERISA Affiliate”
shall mean, with respect to any entity, trade or business, any
other entity, trade or business that is, or was at the relevant
time, a member of a group described in Section 52 or 414(b),
(c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b)(1) of
ERISA that includes or included the first entity, trade or
business, or that is, or was at the relevant time, a member of the
same “controlled group” as the first entity, trade or
business pursuant to Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA.
(b) No Target Benefit Plan or
benefit plan of an ERISA Affiliate is, or has ever been, subject to
Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 or 4971
of the Code. No Target Benefit Plan or benefit plan of an ERISA
Affiliate is, or has ever been, a Multiemployer Plan. Any Target
Benefit Plan which is intended to be qualified under
Section 401(a) of the Code has, to the extent applicable,
received a determination letter from the IRS evidencing such
qualification.
(c) No stockholder, member,
director, officer, member, employee or consultant of Target or
Predecessor is obligated under any contract or agreement, subject
to any judgment, decree, or order of any court or administrative
agency that would interfere with such person’s efforts to
promote the interests of Target or Predecessor or that would
interfere with Target’s business. Neither the execution nor
delivery of this Agreement, nor the carrying on of Target’s
business as presently conducted or proposed to be conducted nor any
activity of such officers, directors, employees or consultants in
connection with the carrying on of Target’s business or any
of its subsidiaries’ businesses as presently conducted or
currently proposed to be conducted will, conflict with or result in
a breach of the terms, conditions, or provisions of, or constitute
a default under, any contract or agreement under which any of such
officers, directors, employees, or consultants is now
bound.
Section 2.14 Employee
Matters . Target and Predecessor are in compliance with all
currently applicable laws and regulations respecting terms and
conditions of employment including, without limitation, applicant
and employee background checking, immigration laws, discrimination
laws, verification of employment eligibility, employee leave laws,
classification of workers as employees and independent contractors,
wage and hour laws, and occupational safety and health laws, except
where any failure to comply would not constitute a Material Adverse
Effect on Target or Predecessor. There are no proceedings pending
or, to Target’s knowledge, reasonably expected or threatened,
between Target or Predecessor, on the one hand, and any or all of
either of such entities’ current or former employees, on the
other hand, including, but not limited to, any claims for actual or
alleged harassment or discrimination based on race, national
origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, religion, disability, or
similar tortious conduct, breach of contract, wrongful termination,
defamation, intentional or negligent infliction of emotional
distress, interference with contract or interference with actual or
prospective economic disadvantage. There are no claims pending, or,
to Target’s knowledge, reasonably expected or threatened,
against Target or Predecessor under any workers’ compensation
or long term disability plan or policy. None of the Target Entities
has any unsatisfied obligations that would have a Material Adverse
Effect on Target to any employees, former employees, or qualified
beneficiaries pursuant to COBRA, HIPAA, or any state law governing
health care coverage extension or continuation. None of the Target
Entities is or ever was a party to any collective bargaining
agreement or other labor union contract, nor does Target know of
any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize their
respective employees. Predecessor and Target have provided all
employees with all wages, benefits, relocation benefits, options,
bonuses and incentives, and all other compensation which became due
and payable through the date of this Agreement. Within the past
year, none of the Target Entities has incurred any liability or
obligation under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification
Act (“ WARN ”) or any similar state or local law
that remains unsatisfied, nor shall any terminations prior to the
Closing Date result in unsatisfied liability or obligation under
WARN or any similar state or local law.
Section 2.15
Compliance with Laws . Target and Predecessor have each
complied with, and neither is in violation of, and neither has
received any notices of violation with respect to, any statute, law
or regulation applicable to Target or Predecessor, the ownership or
operation of the Business or the Target Stockholders except as such
violation would not have a Material Adverse Effect on
Target.
Section 2.16
Litigation . There is no action, suit, proceeding, claim,
arbitration or known investigation pending before any agency, court
or tribunal or threatened against Target, any Predecessor or
Target’s properties or officers or managers (in their
capacities as such), the Target Stockholders, Predecessor’s
members or the assets of either Target or Predecessor. There is no
judgment, decree or order against Target or any Predecessor, the
Target Stockholders or any of the managers, officers or members of
Target or Predecessor (in their capacities as such). All litigation
to which Target or Predecessor, the Target Stockholders or
Target’s or Predecessor’s assets is a party (or is
threatened to become a party) is disclosed in
Schedule 2.16 of the Disclosure Schedule.
Section 2.17
Restrictions on Business Activities . There is no agreement,
judgment, injunction, order or decree binding upon any of the
Target Entities or the Target Stockholders which has or could
reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or
materially impairing any current business practice of Target or the
operation of the Business as currently conducted.
Section 2.18
Insurance . Schedule 2.18 contains a list and
description of all insurance policies in effect which are
maintained by Target or as to which Target or Predecessor is an
insured party. Target and Predecessor have policies of insurance
and bonds of the type and the amount customarily carried by persons
conducting business or owning assets similar to those of Target and
Predecessor, respectively. There is no claim pending under any of
such policies as to which coverage has been questioned, denied or
disputed by the underwriters of such policies. All premiums due and
payable under all such policies have been paid, and Target and
Predecessor are otherwise in compliance with the terms of such
policies. Neither Target nor Predecessor has any knowledge of any
threatened termination of, or premium increase with respect to, any
of such policies.
Section 2.19
Interested Party Transactions . No current or former
officer, manager or employee of any of the Target Entities has any
interest in (i) any equipment or other property or asset, real
or personal, tangible or intangible, including, without limitation,
any of the Target Intellectual Property Rights, used in connection
with or pertaining to the Business, (ii) any creditor,
supplier, customer, manufacturer, agent, representative, or
distributor of any of Target’s products, (iii) any
entity that competes with Target, or with which Target is
affiliated or has a business relationship, or (iv) any
agreement, obligation or commitment, written or oral, to which
Target is a party.
Section 2.20
Representations Complete . No representation or warranty by
Target or Predecessor in this Agreement or in any Schedule or
Exhibit hereto, including the Disclosure Schedule, or certificate
furnished by Target or Predecessor pursuant to this Agreement or
any written statement furnished by Target or Predecessor pursuant
to this Agreement or in connection with the transactions
contemplated hereby contains or shall contain any untrue statement
of a material fact or omits or shall omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make such
statements, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading.
Section 2.21 Brokers
or Finders . No agent, broker, investment banker, financial
advisor or other firm or person is or will be entitled to any
broker’s or finder’s fee or any other commission or
similar fee in connection with any of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement.
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF
ACQUIROR AND THE MERGER
SUB
Acquiror and Merger Sub
represent and warrant to Target that the statements contained in
this ARTICLE III are true and correct.
Section 3.1
Organization, Standing and Power . Each of Acquiror and
Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in
good standing under the laws of the state of Delaware. Each of
Acquiror and Merger Sub has the corporate power to own its
properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and
is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each
jurisdiction in which the failure to be so qualified and in good
standing could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect on Acquiror. Acquiror has delivered a true and correct copy
of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws or other charter
documents, as applicable, of Acquiror and Merger Sub, each as
amended to date, to Target. Neither Acquiror nor Merger Sub is in
violation of any of the provisions of its Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws.
Section 3.2
Authority . Acquiror and Merger Sub have all requisite
corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and
delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby have been, or will have been taken by the
Closing, duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the
part of Acquiror and Merger Sub. This Agreement has been duly
executed and delivered by Acquiror and Merger Sub and constitutes
the valid and binding obligations of Acquiror and Merger Sub
enforceable against Acquiror and Merger Sub in accordance with its
terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or
relating to creditors’ rights generally, and subject to
general principles of equity.
Section 3.3 Issuance
of Shares . The issuance and delivery of the Shares in
accordance with this Agreement has been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate action on the part of Acquiror, and, when
issued at the Effective Time as contemplated hereby, such shares of
Acquiror Common Stock will be duly and validly issued, fully paid
and nonassessable. Such Acquiror Common Stock, when so issued and
delivered in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement,
shall be free and clear of all liens and encumbrances and adverse
claims, other than restrictions on transfer created by applicable
securities laws and will not have been issued in violation of their
respective properties or any preemptive rights or rights of first
refusal or similar rights.
Section 3.4 SEC
Reports . Acquiror has filed all reports required to be filed
by it under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to
Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, preceding the date hereof (or
such shorter period as Acquiror was required by law to file such
material) (the foregoing materials being collectively referred to
herein as the “ SEC Reports ”) on a timely basis
or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has
filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such
extension. The SEC Reports filed since May 4, 2005 complied in
all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act
and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the
Commission promulgated thereunder, and none of the SEC Reports
filed since May 4, 2005, when filed, contained any untrue
statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading.
ARTICLE IV
CONDITIONS TO THE
CLOSING
Section 4.1
Conditions to Acquiror’s and Merger Sub’s Obligation
to Close . The obligation of Acquiror and Merger Sub to
consummate the Merger shall be subject to the satisfaction, on or
prior to the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions, any
of which may be waived by Acquiror in writing:
(a) No temporary restraining
order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by
any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal or regulatory
restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby or limiting or restricting Merger
Sub’s or Acquiror’s conduct or operation of the
Business after the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been
consummated, nor shall any proceeding brought by a domestic
administrative agency or commission or other domestic governmental
entity seeking any of the foregoing be pending; nor shall there be
any action taken, or any statute, rule, regulation or order
enacted, entered, enforced or deemed applicable to the transactions
contemplated hereby which makes the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby illegal;
(b) The representations and
warranties of Target and Predecessor set forth in this Agreement
shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date
of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date as though made on and
as of the Closing Date, except that representations and warranties
which specifically relate to a particular date or period shall be
true and correct as of such date and for such period, and Target
and Predecessor shall have performed in all material respects all
obligations required to be performed by them under this Agreement
at or prior to the Closing Date;
(c) Target shall have
delivered to Acquiror Target Financial Statements;
(d) Target shall have
delivered evidence satisfactory to Acquiror that Target has no
liabilities other than ordinary course trade payables;
(e) Target and Predecessor
shall have delivered to Acquiror and Merger Sub all of the
documents and agreements set forth in Section 1.7;
(f) Target and Predecessor
shall have delivered to Acquiror all third party consents required
for the consummation of the Merger, or to prevent a breach or
termination of any Material Contract;
(g) The principal terms of
the Merger, including the issuance of the Shares, shall have been
duly approved by the Board of Directors of the Acquiror;
(h) The principal terms of
the Merger shall have been duly approved by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the Target Shares outstanding immediately prior to
the Effective Time;
(i) Acquiror shall have
received executed documentation evidencing the consummation of the
Reorganization, in a form satisfactory to Acquiror; and
(j) Acquiror shall have
received executed documentation evidencing the consummation of the
reincorporation of Target as a Delaware corporation, in a form
satisfactory to Acquiror.
Section 4.2
Conditions to Target’s Obligation to Close . The
obligation of Target to close the transactions contemplated hereby
is subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions,
any of which may be waived, in writing, exclusively by
Target:
(a) No temporary restraining
order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by
any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal or regulatory
restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby or limiting or restricting Merger
Sub’s or Acquiror’s conduct or operation of the
Business after the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been
consummated, nor shall any proceeding brought by a domestic
administrative agency or commission or other domestic governmental
entity seeking any of the foregoing be pending; nor shall there be
any action taken, or any statute, rule, regulation or order
enacted, entered, enforced or deemed applicable to the transactions
contemplated hereby which makes the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby illegal;
(b) The representations and
warranties of each of Acquiror and Merger Sub set forth in this
Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of
the date of this Agreement and (except to the extent such
representations speak as of an earlier date), and Acquiror and
Merger Sub shall have performed in all material respects all
obligations required to be performed by them under this Agreement
at or prior to the Closing Date;
(c) The principal terms of
the Merger shall have been duly approved by the Board of Directors
of the Target; and
(d) Target and Predecessor
shall have delivered to Acquiror and Merger Sub all of the
documents and agreements set forth in Section 1.7.
ARTICLE V
ESCROW AND
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 5.1 Survival
of Representations and Warranties . All representations and
warranties made by Target and Predecessor herein, or in any
certificate, schedule or exhibit delivered pursuant hereto, shall
survive the Closing and continue in full force and effect until the
date fifteen (15) months following the Closing Date (the
“ Survival Date ”). Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the representations and warranties contained in Sections
2.2 and 2.3 shall survive indefinitely and the representations and
warranties contained in Sections 2.7 and 2.12 shall survive until
ninety (90) days after the expiration of the applicable
statute of limitations. The termination of any
representation and warranty shall not
affect any claim for breaches of representations or warranties (and
the breaching Party shall continue to be liable therefor) if
written notice thereof is given to the breaching Party or Parties
on or prior to such termination date.
Section 5.2
Indemnification .
(a) Subject to the
limitations set forth in this Section 5.2, Target and
Predecessor will indemnify and hold harmless Acquiror and the
Surviving Corporation and their respective officers, directors,
agents, attorneys and employees, and each person, if any, who
controls or may control Acquiror or the Surviving Corporation
within the meaning of the Securities Act (individually an “
Acquiror Indemnified Person ” and collectively the
“ Acquiror Indemnified Persons ”) from and
against any and all losses, costs, damages, liabilities and
expenses arising from claims, demands, actions, causes of action,
including, without limitation, legal fees, (collectively, “
Damages ”) arising out of, or in connection with
(i) any misrepresentation or breach of or default in
connection with any of the representations, warranties, covenants
and agreements given or made by Target and Predecessor in the
Transaction Documents and (ii) any Damages arising out of or
related to the formation of Target and the consummation of the
Reorganization.
(b) Nothing in this Agreement
shall limit the liability in amount or otherwise of (i) Target
and Predecessor for any breach of any representation, warranty or
covenant if the Merger does not close; or (ii) Target and
Predecessor with respect to fraud, criminal activity or intentional
breach of any covenant contained in this Agreement.
(c) Acquiror shall indemnify,
defend and hold harmless Target from and against any and all
Damages, whether or not involving a third-party claim, arising out
of, relating to or resulting from: (i) any breach of a
representation or warranty of Acquiror contained in this Agreement
or in any other Transaction Document; or (ii) any breach of a
covenant of Acquiror contained in this Agreement or in any other
Transaction Document. In determining whether a breach of any
representation, warranty or covenant shall have occurred, and for
such purposes only, any materiality standard contained in a
representation, warranty or covenant shall be
disregarded.
Section 5.3 Escrow
Fund . At the Closing, ten percent (10%) of the total
number of Shares (250,000 shares) shall be deposited with the
Escrow Agent (plus a proportionate share of any additional shares
of Acquiror common stock as may be issued with respect thereto upon
any stock splits, stock dividends or recapitalizations effected by
Acquiror following the Effective Time). Such shares of Acquiror
common stock shall constitute the “ Escrow Fund
” and shall be governed by the terms set forth herein and in
the Escrow Agreement. The Escrow Fund shall be available to
compensate the Acquiror and Merger Sub pursuant to the
indemnification obligations of the Indemnifying Parties pursuant to
Section 5.2. Except for dividends paid in stock declared with
respect to the shares of Acquiror common stock in the Escrow Fund,
which shall be treated as part of the Escrow Fund, any cash
dividends will be delivered to the Target Stockholders. The Target
Stockholders will have voting rights for the securities deposited
in the Escrow Fund so long as such securities are held in
Escrow.
Section 5.4 Escrow
Period; Release from Escrow . The period for offsetting claims
against the Escrow Account shall terminate upon the Survival Date
and the Escrow Agent shall be directed to distribute the balance in
the Escrow Account pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement;
provided, however, that a portion of the Escrow Account that, in
the reasonable judgment of Acquiror, subject to the objection of
the Stockholders’ Agent and the subsequent litigation of the
matter in the manner provided in this ARTICLE V, is necessary
to satisfy any unsatisfied claims made in accordance with this
ARTICLE V and specified in the Claims Notice (as defined in
Section 5.5 below) delivered to the Stockholders’ Agent
prior to the Survival Date, shall remain subject to the right of
Acquiror to offset such claims against the Escrow Account until
such claims have been resolved or until a portion of such amount is
determined by Acquiror in good faith or a court of competent
jurisdiction to be no longer necessary to satisfy such
claims.
Section 5.5 Offset of
Claims; Sole Remedy . Upon receipt by the Stockholders’
Agent on or before the Survival Date of a certificate signed by any
officer of Parent (a “ Claims Notice ”) stating
that Damages exist with respect to the indemnification obligations
of the Target and Predecessor set forth in Section 5.2 and
that a claim for such Damages has been made prior to the Survival
Date, and specifying in reasonable detail the individual items of
such Damages included in the amount so stated, the date each such
item was paid, or properly accrued or arose,
and the nature of the misrepresentation,
breach of warranty, covenant or claim to which such item is
related, Acquiror shall be entitled, subject to the
Stockholders’ Agent’s right to object in accordance
with this ARTICLE V, to receive payment from the Escrow
Account in the amount of such Damages. For a period of thirty
(30) days after delivery by Acquiror of a Claims Notice, the
Stockholders’ Agent shall be entitled to object in a written
statement to the claim made in such Claims Notice, by delivering
such statement to Acquiror prior to the expiration of such thirty
(30) day period. In case the Stockholders’ Agent shall
so object in writing to any claim or claims by Acquiror made in any
Claims Notice, Acquiror shall have thirty (30) days to respond
in a written statement to the objection of the Stockholders’
Agent. If after such thirty (30) day period there remains a
dispute as to any claims, the Stockholders’ Agent and
Acquiror shall attempt in good faith for thirty (30) days to
agree upon the rights of the respective parties with respect to
each of such claims. If the Stockholders’ Agent and Acquiror
should so agree, a memorandum setting forth such agreement shall be
prepared and signed by both parties. If no agreement can be reached
after good faith negotiation between the Stockholders’ Agent
and Acquiror, either Acquiror or the Stockholders’ Agent may
initiate formal legal action with the applicable court in Roanoke,
Virginia to resolve such dispute. The decision of the court as to
the validity and amount of any claim in such Claims Notice shall be
binding and conclusive upon the Parties. Except as otherwise
provided in Section 5.1 and Section 5.2(b), the right of
the Acquiror Indemnified Persons to offset Damages against the
Escrow Account shall be the sole remedy for, and sole source of,
indemnification with respect to Damages arising
hereunder.
Section 5.6
Appointment of Stockholders’ Agent . Gary Haycox shall
be constituted and appointed as Stockholders’ Agent (the
“ Stockholders’ Agent ”) for and on behalf
of the Target Stockholders for purposes of this Agreement. The
Stockholders’ Agent is authorized to give and receive notices
and communications, to authorize the Escrow Agent to deliver to
Acquiror any Shares out of the Escrow Fund, to object to such
deliveries, to agree to, negotiate, enter into settlements and
compromises of, and demand arbitration and comply with orders of
courts and awards of arbitrators with respect to such claims, to
take all actions necessary or appropriate in the judgment of the
Stockholders’ Agent for the accomplishment of the foregoing
and to execute any amendments of this Agreement as provided in this
Merger Agreement. The Stockholders’ Agent shall receive no
compensation for his or her services. Notices or communications to
or from the Stockholders’ Agent shall constitute notice to or
from each of the Target Stockholders.
Section 5.7 Liability
of Agent . The Stockholders’ Agent shall not be liable
for any act done or omitted as Stockholders’ Agent while
acting in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable judgment and
any act done or omitted pursuant to the advice of counsel shall be
conclusive evidence of such good faith. The Target Stockholders
shall jointly and severally indemnify the Stockholders’ Agent
and hold him or her harmless against any loss, liability or expense
incurred without gross negligence or bad faith on the part of the
Stockholders’ Agent and arising out of or in connection with
the acceptance or administration of his or her duties
hereunder.
Section 5.8 Actions
of the Stockholders’ Agent . A decision, act, consent or
instruction of the Stockholders’ Agent shall constitute a
decision of all Target Stockholders and shall be final, binding and
conclusive upon each such Target Stockholder, and Acquiror and the
Surviving Corporation may rely upon any decision, act, consent or
instruction of the Stockholders’ Agent as being the decision,
act, consent or instruction of each and every Target Stockholder.
Acquiror and the Surviving Corporation are each hereby relieved
from any liability to any person for any acts done by it in
accordance with such decision, act, consent or instruction of the
Stockholders’ Agent. In addition, any loss, liability or
expense incurred by reason of Stockholders’ Agent’s
failure to give notice under ARTICLE V of this Agreement shall be
borne solely by the Stockholders’ Agent.
ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL
AGREEMENTS
Section 6.1 Employee
Benefits .
(a) Each full-time employee
of Target (other than the Key Employees) who is employed by
Acquiror on or after the Closing Date shall be new at-will
employees of Acquiror and any prior employment by Target or
Predecessor of such employees shall not affect entitlement to, or
the amount of, salary or other cash compensation, current or
deferred, which Acquiror may make available to its
employees;
(b) Acquiror shall grant to
each former Target employee that number of shares of
Acquiror’s common stock and with the vesting terms as set
forth in Schedule 6.1(b) . Such grants shall be made
under Acquiror’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan as restricted
stock awards subject to all the terms and conditions of such plan;
and
(c) Immediately following the
Closing, each employee of the Acquiror, Merger Sub or Surviving
Corporation that had been previously employed by Target or
Predecessor prior to the Closing (the “ Transferred
Employees ”) shall be permitted to participate in the
plans, programs and arrangements of Acquiror relating to employee
benefits (the “ Acquiror Employee Plans ”) to
the extent (i) consistent with the terms and conditions of
such Acquiror Employee Plans and (ii) similarly situated
Acquiror employees participate in such plans.
Section 6.2
Additional Agreements; Reasonable Efforts . Subject to the
terms and conditions of this Agreement, each of the parties agrees
to use all reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all
action and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper
or advisable under applicable laws and regulations to consummate
and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
including cooperating fully with the other party and providing any
information reasonably required by the other party. In case at any
time after the Closing any further action is necessary or desirable
to carry out the purposes of this Agreement or to vest Merger Sub
with full title to all of the assets, the Target Stockholders shall
take all such necessary action.
Section 6.3
Restrictions on the Sale of Shares . Each certificate
evidencing shares of Acquiror common stock to be issued pursuant to
Section 1.5 shall bear the following legend:
THE SECURITIES EVIDENCED BY
THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT
OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND MAY NOT
BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED OR HYPOTHECATED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN
EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER SUCH ACT COVERING SUCH
SECURITIES, OR THE COMPANY RECEIVES AN OPINION OF COUNSEL FOR THE
HOLDER OF THESE SECURITIES REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY,
STATING THAT SUCH SALE, TRANSFER, ASSIGNMENT OR HYPOTHECATION IS
EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS
OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
and any legends required by state
securities laws.
Section 6.4 Blue Sky
Laws . Acquiror shall take such steps as may be necessary to
comply with the securities and blue sky laws of all jurisdictions
applicable to the issuance of the Shares in connection with the
Merger. Target shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to
assist Acquiror in complying with the securities and blue sky laws
of all jurisdictions applicable to the issuance of the Shares in
connection with the Merger.
Section 6.5
Registration of Shares .
(a) Definitions.
(i) The term “
Holder ” means any holder of outstanding Shares who is
(i) a Target Stockholder, or (ii) any person to whom the
registration rights provided for in this Agreement or otherwise
transferred in accordance with Section 6.5.
(ii) The term “
Registrable Securities ” means: (i) Acquiror
Common Stock issued to the Target Stockholders in the Merger, and
(ii) the shares of Acquiror Common Stock issued or issuable as
a result of any stock dividend or stock split or in connection with
a combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or
other reorganization and any other securities issued pursuant to
any other pro rata distribution with respect to, or in exchange for
or in replacement of Acquiror Common Stock; provided, however, that
shares of Acquiror Common Stock shall not be treated as Registrable
Securities if such shares: (A) are sold under any registration
under the Securities Act; (B) are sold by a person in a
transaction in which rights under this Agreement are not assigned
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; (C) are sold
pursuant to Rule 144 (including any
successor provision, “ Rule
144 ”) promulgated under the Securities Act; (D) in
the opinion of counsel to Acquiror, may be sold in a transaction
exempt from the registration and prospectus delivery requirements
of the Securities Act so that all transfer restrictions and legends
with respect thereto are removed from the certificates representing
such shares upon the consummation of such sale.
(b) Acquiror shall use its
reasonable commercial efforts to cause the Registrable Securities
to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“ Securities Act ”) so as to permit the resale
thereof, and in connection therewith shall use its commercially
reasonable efforts to prepare and file a registration statement
(the “ Registration Statement ”) with the SEC
with respect to the Registrable Securities as soon as practicable
after the date hereof, but no later than forty-five (45) days
after the Effective Time, and shall use its reasonable commercial
efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective as
soon as possible thereafter; provided , however ,
that the Target and Predecessor shall provide all such information
and materials to Acquiror and take all such action as may be
required in order to permit Acquiror to comply with all applicable
requirements of the SEC and to obtain any desired acceleration of
the effective date of such Registration Statement. Such provision
of information and materials is a condition precedent to the
obligations of Acquiror pursuant to this Section 6.5. Acquiror
shall not be required to effect more than one (1) registration
under this Section 6.5. The offering made pursuant to such
registration shall not be underwritten.
(c) Acquiror shall:
(i) prepare and file with the SEC the Registration Statement
in accordance with Section 6.5(b) with respect to the
Registrable Securities; (ii) use all commercially reasonable
efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective for
a period of ninety (90) days; and (iii) prepare and file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC
”) such amendments and supplements to the Registration
Statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith as may be
reasonably necessary, and comply with the provisions of the
Securities Act with respect to the sale or other disposition of all
securities proposed to be registered in the Registration Statement
until the termination of effectiveness of the Registration
Statement.
(d) Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Section 6.5, if the Acquiror determines that
it is desirable in order to comply with the requirements of the SEC
that the number of securities to be registered in such registration
be reduced, then the Acquiror shall so advise all Holders of
Registrable Securities that would otherwise be registered pursuant
hereto, and the number of shares that may be included in the
registration shall be allocated on a pro rata basis (as nearly as
practicable) based on the number of Registrable Securities held by
all such Holders.
(e) The registration rights
set forth in this Agreement shall not be available to a Holder if
all of the Registrable Securities then owned by such Holder could
be sold in any 90-day period pursuant to Rule 144 under the
Securities Act.
(f) Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Section 6.5, Acquiror shall have the right
at any time to require that the Holders suspend open market offers
and sales of Registrable Securities whenever, and for so long as,
in the reasonable, good-faith judgment of Acquiror, there is in
existence material undisclosed information or events with respect
to Acquiror (the “ Suspension Right ”). In the
event Acquiror exercises the Suspension Right, such suspension will
continue for the period of time reasonably necessary for disclosure
to occur at a time that is not materially detrimental to Acquiror
or until such time as the information or event is no longer
material, each as reasonably determined in good faith by Acquiror.
Acquiror will promptly give the Stockholders’ Agent notice,
in a writing signed by an executive officer of Acquiror, of any
such suspension. Acquiror agrees to notify the Stockholders’
Agent promptly upon termination of the suspension. The period
during which Acquiror is required to cause the Registration
Statement to remain effective shall be extended by a period equal
in length to any and all periods during which open market offers
and sales of Registrable Securities are suspended pursuant to
exercise of the Suspension Right.
(g) Acquiror shall pay all of
the registration and filing fees, printing expenses, transfer
agents’ and registrars’ fees, and fees and
disbursements of Acquiror’s outside counsel and independent
accountants incurred in connection with any registration of
Registrable Securities pursuant to this
Section 6.5.
(h) To the full
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