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Exhibit 2.1
EXECUTION COPY
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
Dated as of April 22,
2005
by and
among
INSTINET GROUP
INCORPORATED,
THE NASDAQ STOCK MARKET,
INC.
AND
NORWAY ACQUISITION
CORP.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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Page
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| ARTICLE 1 CERTAIN DEFINITIONS |
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1 |
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| ARTICLE 2 THE MERGER |
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10 |
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Section 2.1 |
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The
Merger |
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10 |
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Section
2.2 |
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Closing;
Effective Time |
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10 |
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Section
2.3 |
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Effects of
the Merger |
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11 |
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Section
2.4 |
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Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws |
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11 |
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Section
2.5 |
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Directors
and Officers of the Surviving Corporation |
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11 |
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| ARTICLE 3 CONVERSION OF SECURITIES |
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11 |
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Section
3.1 |
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Effect on
Capital Stock |
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11 |
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Section
3.2 |
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Surrender
and Payment |
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13 |
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Section
3.3 |
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Treatment of
Stock Options |
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14 |
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Section
3.4 |
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Determination of the Transaction Liabilities |
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15 |
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| ARTICLE 4 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE
COMPANY |
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15 |
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Section
4.1 |
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Organization
and Qualification |
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15 |
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Section
4.2 |
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Authorization and Validity of Agreement |
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16 |
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Section
4.3 |
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Subsidiaries |
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16 |
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Section
4.4 |
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Capitalization |
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16 |
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Section
4.5 |
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Financial
Statements |
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17 |
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Section
4.6 |
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No
Violation; Consents and Approvals |
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17 |
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Section
4.7 |
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Absence of
Certain Changes or Events |
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18 |
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Section
4.8 |
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Legal
Proceedings |
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18 |
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Section
4.9 |
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Compliance
with Applicable Laws and Permits; Regulatory Registrations and
Memberships |
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18 |
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Section 4.10 |
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No
Undisclosed Liabilities |
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21 |
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Section
4.11 |
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Taxes |
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21 |
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Section
4.12 |
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Employee
Matters |
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22 |
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Section
4.13 |
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Contracts |
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24 |
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Section
4.14 |
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Title to
Properties |
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25 |
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Section
4.15 |
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Intellectual
Property Rights |
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25 |
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Section
4.16 |
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Brokers |
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26 |
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Section
4.17 |
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Company SEC
Reports |
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26 |
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Section
4.18 |
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Information
Supplied |
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27 |
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Section
4.19 |
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Opinion of
Financial Advisor |
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27 |
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Section
4.20 |
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Company
Board Recommendation; Required Vote |
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27 |
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Section
4.21 |
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Section 203
of the DGCL |
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28 |
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Section
4.22 |
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Books and
Records |
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28 |
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Section
4.23 |
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Transactions
with Affiliates |
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28 |
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Section
4.24 |
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Sufficiency
of Assets |
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28 |
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Section
4.25 |
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Accounts
Receivable |
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28 |
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Section
4.26 |
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Insurance |
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29 |
-i-
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Section 4.27 |
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Rights
Agreement |
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29 |
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Section
4.28 |
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LJR Sale
Agreement |
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29 |
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| ARTICLE 5 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER AND MERGER
SUB |
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29 |
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Section
5.1 |
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Organization and Qualification |
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29 |
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Section
5.2 |
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Authorization and Validity of Agreements |
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30 |
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Section
5.3 |
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No
Violation; Consents and Approvals |
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30 |
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Section
5.4 |
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Legal
Proceedings |
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31 |
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Section
5.5 |
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Brokers |
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31 |
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Section
5.6 |
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Availability of Funds |
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31 |
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Section
5.7 |
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Information Supplied |
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31 |
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Section
5.8 |
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Capitalization of Merger Sub |
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31 |
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Section
5.9 |
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Section
203 of the DGCL |
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31 |
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Section
5.10 |
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VAB
Transaction Agreement |
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31 |
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| ARTICLE 6 COVENANTS |
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32 |
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Section
6.1 |
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Access to
Information |
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32 |
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Section
6.2 |
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Conduct
of Business |
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33 |
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Section
6.3 |
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Notification of Claims |
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36 |
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Section
6.4 |
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Reasonable Efforts; Regulatory Consents, Authorizations,
etc. |
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36 |
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Section
6.5 |
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Restrictions on Buyer |
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38 |
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Section
6.6 |
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Further
Assurances |
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38 |
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Section
6.7 |
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Employee
Matters |
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38 |
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Section
6.8 |
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No
Additional Representations |
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42 |
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Section
6.9 |
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Directors’ and Officers’
Indemnification |
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42 |
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Section
6.10 |
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Company
Stockholders Meeting |
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43 |
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Section
6.11 |
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Acquisition Proposals |
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44 |
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Section
6.12 |
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Rights
Agreement |
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47 |
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Section
6.13 |
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LJR Sale;
VAB Purchase |
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47 |
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Section
6.14 |
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Standstill Agreements; Confidentiality Agreements |
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47 |
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Section
6.15 |
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Financial
Cooperation |
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48 |
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Section
6.16 |
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Systems |
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48 |
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Section
6.17 |
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Account
Receivables |
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48 |
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Section
6.18 |
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Available
Cash |
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48 |
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Section
6.19 |
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Third-Party Consent |
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49 |
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| ARTICLE 7 CONDITIONS TO CLOSING |
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49 |
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Section
7.1 |
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Conditions of Each Party’s Obligation to
Close |
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49 |
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Section
7.2 |
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Conditions to Buyer’s Obligation to Close |
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49 |
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Section
7.3 |
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Conditions to the Company’s Obligation to
Close |
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50 |
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| ARTICLE 8 TERMINATION; FEES AND EXPENSES |
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51 |
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Section
8.1 |
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Termination by Mutual Consent |
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51 |
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Section
8.2 |
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Termination by Either Buyer or the Company |
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51 |
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Section
8.3 |
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Termination by the Company |
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51 |
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Section
8.4 |
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Termination by Buyer |
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51 |
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Section 8.5 |
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Effect of
Termination and Abandonment |
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52 |
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Section
8.6 |
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Fees and
Expenses |
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52 |
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| ARTICLE 9 GENERAL PROVISIONS |
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53 |
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Section
9.1 |
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Non-Survival of Representations and Warranties |
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53 |
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Section
9.2 |
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Jurisdiction; Venue |
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53 |
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Section
9.3 |
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WAIVER OF
JURY TRIAL |
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53 |
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Section
9.4 |
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Successors and Assigns |
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53 |
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Section
9.5 |
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No
Waiver |
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54 |
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Section
9.6 |
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Entire
Agreement; Amendments |
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54 |
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Section
9.7 |
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Notices |
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54 |
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Section
9.8 |
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Governing
Law |
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55 |
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Section
9.9 |
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Publicity |
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55 |
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Section 9.10 |
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Interpretation |
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56 |
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Section
9.11 |
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Expenses |
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56 |
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Section
9.12 |
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No Third
Party Beneficiaries |
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56 |
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Section
9.13 |
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Severability |
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56 |
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Section
9.14 |
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Counterparts |
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56 |
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Section
9.15 |
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Specific
Performance |
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57 |
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| SCHEDULES |
| Buyer Disclosure Schedule |
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| Company Disclosure Schedule |
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| EXHIBITS |
| Exhibit A – VAB Transaction Agreement |
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| Exhibit B – LJR Sale Agreement |
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-iii-
THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered
into as of April 22, 2005 by and among The Nasdaq Stock Market,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Buyer ”), Norway
Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned
subsidiary of Buyer (“ Merger Sub ”), and
Instinet Group Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “
Company ”).
WHEREAS, Buyer and the
Company desire that Buyer combine its businesses with the
businesses operated by the Company through the merger of Merger Sub
with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving
corporation (the “ Merger ”), pursuant to which
each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per
share (“ Company Common Stock ”), issued and
outstanding at the Effective Time, other than the shares of Company
Common Stock owned by Buyer, Merger Sub or the Company (or any of
their respective direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiaries) and
other than the Appraisal Shares, will be converted into the right
to receive the Merger Consideration, all as more fully provided in
this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, concurrently with
the execution of this Agreement, as a condition and inducement to
Buyer’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, Buyer and a
Company Stockholder are entering into a Support Agreement, of even
date herewith, in respect of shares of Company Common Stock
beneficially owned by such stockholder (the “ Support
Agreement ”); and
WHEREAS, the board of
directors (the “ Company Board ”) of the Company
and the board of directors of each of Buyer and Merger Sub have
determined that the Merger upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth in this Agreement is advisable, fair to and in
the best interests of their respective stockholders; and
WHEREAS, concurrently with
the execution of this Agreement, Buyer is agreeing to sell and
assign on the Closing Date certain assets and liabilities of the
Company pursuant to a transaction agreement (the “ VAB
Transaction Agreement ”), dated the date hereof, by and
among Buyer, Merger Sub, and Iceland Acquisition Corp., a Delaware
corporation (“ VAB Acquisition Sub ”), a copy of
which is attached as Exhibit A hereto; and
WHEREAS, Buyer, Merger Sub
and the Company desire to make those representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements specified herein in connection with this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the premises and of the mutual covenants,
representations, warranties and agreements contained herein, the
parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
CERTAIN
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Capitalized terms
not otherwise defined herein shall have the following meanings when
used in this Agreement:
“ Accrued
Commissions ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(v).
“ Acquisition
Proposal ” shall be as defined in Section
6.11(g)(i).
“ Action ”
shall be as defined in Section 6.9(a).
“ Affiliate
” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any other Person
that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such
Person.
“ Agreement
” shall be as defined in the preamble of this
Agreement.
“ Antitrust Law
” means any Applicable Law that is designed or intended to
prohibit, restrict or regulate actions having the purpose or effect
or monopolization or restraint of trade, or the lessening of
competition through merger or acquisition, specifically including,
but not limited to, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, as amended,
the Clayton Act of 1914, as amended, the HSR Act, and the Federal
Trade Commission Act of 1914, as amended.
“ Applicable
Authority ” shall mean the Persons set forth on Schedule
1.1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule.
“ Applicable
Laws ” shall mean any and all applicable (a) federal,
territorial, state, local and foreign laws, ordinances and
regulations; (b) codes, standards, rules, requirements, orders and
criteria issued under any federal, territorial, state, local or
foreign laws, ordinances and regulations; (c) rules, guidelines or
published interpretations of any Self-Regulatory Organization; and
(d) Judgments.
“ Appraisal
Shares ” shall be as defined in Section
3.1(d).
“ Assignee
” shall be as defined in Section 9.4.
“ Authority
” shall mean any court, arbitrator, administrative or other
governmental department, agency, commission, tribunal, authority or
instrumentality, domestic (including federal, state or local) or
foreign or any Self-Regulatory Organization, which has authority or
jurisdiction over the Company or any of the Company Subsidiaries or
any of their respective properties or assets.
“ Benefit Plan
” shall mean any “employee benefit plan,” as
defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA (including any
“multiemployer plan” as defined in Section 3(37) of
ERISA) and any profit-sharing, bonus, stock option, stock purchase,
stock ownership, pension, retirement, severance, deferred
compensation, excess benefit, supplemental unemployment,
post-retirement medical or life insurance, welfare or incentive
plan, or sick leave, long-term disability, medical,
hospitalization, life insurance, other insurance plan, or other
employee benefit plan, program or arrangement, whether written or
unwritten, qualified or non-qualified, funded or
unfunded.
“ Benefits
Continuation Period ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(i).
“ Burdensome
Condition ” shall be as defined in Section
6.4(h).
-2-
“ Business
” shall mean the business of the ECN Entities as presently
conducted.
“ Business Day
” shall mean any day except Saturday, Sunday or other day on
which commercial banks in the City of New York, New York are
authorized or required to close by law.
“ Buyer ”
shall be as defined in the Preamble.
“ Buyer Benefit
Plans ” shall be as defined in Section 6.7(b).
“ Buyer Disclosure
Schedule ” shall mean the schedules of Buyer attached
hereto. Disclosure of any matter, fact or circumstance in any
Section of the Buyer Disclosure Schedule shall provide exceptions
to or otherwise qualify the representations, warranties and
covenants contained in the corresponding Sections of this Agreement
and such other representations, warranties and covenants solely to
the extent such matter, fact or circumstance is disclosed in a way
as to make its relevance to the information called for by such
other Section reasonably clear on its face.
“ Buyer Material
Adverse Effect ” shall mean any event, occurrence, fact,
condition, change, or effect that has a materially adverse effect
on the ability of Buyer or Merger Sub to perform its obligations
hereunder or consummate the Transactions or that would materially
delay or prevent the Closing.
“ Certificate
” shall be as defined in Section 3.1(b).
“ Certificate of
Merger ” shall be as defined in Section 2.2.
“ Change in the
Company Board Recommendation ” shall be as defined in
Section 6.11(d).
“ Closing
” shall be as defined in Section 2.2.
“ Closing Date
” shall be as defined in Section 2.2.
“ Closing
Transaction Liabilities ” shall be as defined in Section
3.4(b).
“ Code ”
shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended.
“ Commission
Employees ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(v).
“ Company
” shall be as defined in the Preamble.
“ Company
Acquisition Agreement ” shall be as defined in Section
6.11(d).
“ Company ATS
” shall mean Inet ATS, Inc.
“ Company Benefit
Plans ” shall mean any Benefit Plan maintained or
contributed to by the Company or any Company Subsidiary, but
excluding any Employment Agreements. For the avoidance of doubt,
Company Benefit Plans do not include Reuters Plans.
-3-
“ Company Board
” shall be as defined in the Recitals.
“ Company Board
Recommendation ” shall be as defined in Section
4.20.
“ Company
Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries ” shall mean the entities
listed on Section 4.9(c) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule.
“ Company Bylaws
” shall be as defined in Section 6.10(a).
“ Company
Certificate ” shall be as defined in Section
6.10(a).
“ Company Common
Stock ” shall be as defined in the Recitals.
“ Company Disclosure
Schedule ” shall mean the schedules of the Company
attached hereto. Disclosure of any matter, fact or circumstance in
any Section of the Company Disclosure Schedule shall provide
exceptions to or otherwise qualify the representations, warranties
and covenants contained in the corresponding Sections of this
Agreement and such other representations, warranties and covenants
solely to the extent such matter, fact or circumstance is disclosed
in a way as to make its relevance to the information called for by
such other Section reasonably clear on its face.
“ Company
Employee ” shall mean any individual employed by the
Company or any Company Subsidiary as of the time in question,
whether actively at work or on approved leave of
absence.
“ Company
Intellectual Property ” shall mean any Intellectual
Property presently owned or held by the Company or any Company
Subsidiary.
“ Company Material
Adverse Effect ” shall mean any event, occurrence, fact,
condition, change, or effect that is materially adverse to the
business, results of operations, or financial condition of (a) the
ECN Entities, taken as a whole, or (b) the VAB Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, other than, in the case of clauses (a) and (b), any
event, occurrence, fact, condition, change, or effect arising out
of or relating to (1) any changes in general economic or political
conditions in the United States or any country or region in which
the ECN Entities or the VAB Subsidiaries operate, as the case may
be, provided that such changes do not have a materially
disproportionate effect on, in the case of the ECN Entities, the
Business relative to other entities operating businesses similar to
the Business and, in the case of the VAB Subsidiaries, the VAB
Business relative to other entities operating businesses similar to
the VAB Business; (2) any events, circumstances, changes or effects
that affect generally the industries in which the ECN Entities or
the VAB Subsidiaries, as the case may be, operate provided that
such events, circumstances, changes or effects do not have a
materially disproportionate effect on, in the case of the ECN
Entities, the Business relative to other entities operating
businesses similar to the Business and, in the case of the VAB
Subsidiaries, the VAB Business relative to other entities operating
businesses similar to the VAB Business; (3) any changes in any
Applicable Laws, provided that such changes do not have a
materially disproportionate effect on, in the case of the ECN
Entities, the Business relative to other entities operating
businesses similar to the Business and, in the case of the VAB
Subsidiaries, the VAB Business relative to other entities operating
businesses similar to the VAB Business; (4) any outbreak or
escalation of hostilities or war or
-4-
any act of terrorism to the extent such
outbreak or escalation does not have materially disproportionate
effect on, in the case of the ECN Entities, the Business relative
to other entities operating businesses similar to the Business and,
in the case of the VAB Subsidiaries, the VAB Business relative to
other entities operating businesses similar to the VAB Business; or
(5) the announcement or consummation of this Agreement or the
Transactions.
“ Company Option
” shall be as defined in Section 3.3(a).
“ Company Rights
” shall be as defined in Section 3.1(b).
“ Company Rights
Plan ” shall be as defined in Section 3.1(b).
“ Company SEC
Reports ” shall mean all of the reports (including
reports on Forms 8-K, 10-Q and 10-K), statements (including proxy
statements), schedules and registration statements of the Company
filed with the SEC since December 31, 2002.
“ Company
Stockholders ” shall be as defined in Section
6.10(a).
“ Company
Stockholders Meeting ” shall be as defined in Section
6.10(a).
“ Company
Subsidiary ” shall be as defined in Section
4.3.
“ Company’s
Knowledge ” shall mean the actual knowledge of the
individuals listed in Section 1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
based on such reasonable inquiry as is consistent with their
respective position (which inquiry shall include an inquiry of such
individuals’ direct reports).
“ Compensation
Committee ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(ii).
“ Confidentiality
Agreement ” shall mean, in the case of Buyer, the
Confidentiality Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2004, by and
between the Company and Buyer and, in the case of SLP, the
Confidentiality Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2004, by and
among the Company, Buyer and SLP.
“ Contract
” shall mean any note, bond, indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, contract, instrument, license or other agreement.
“ Control
” shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the
affirmative power to direct or cause the direction of the
management and policies of a Person (whether through ownership of
securities, partnership interests or other ownership interests, by
contract, by membership or involvement in the board of directors,
management committee or management structure of such Person, or
otherwise).
“ Covered
Proposal ” shall be as defined in Section
8.6(a)(i).
“ Delaware Secretary
of State ” shall be as defined in Section 2.2.
“ DGCL ”
shall be as defined in Section 2.1.
-5-
“ ECN Entities
” shall mean Inet Holding Company Inc., a Delaware
corporation, and each of its Subsidiaries.
“ Effective Time
” shall be as defined in Section 2.2.
“ Eligible Company
Employee ” shall be as defined in Section 6.7(a)(iii) and
(iv), as applicable.
“ Employment
Agreement ” shall mean a contract, offer letter,
severance commitment letter or agreement of the Company or any
Company Subsidiary with or addressed to any Company Employee or
pursuant to which the Company or any Company Subsidiary has any
actual or contingent liability or obligation to provide
compensation and/or benefits in consideration for past, present or
future services of a Company Employee.
“ Entity Financial
Statement ” shall be as defined in Section
4.5(a).
“ ERISA ”
shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended.
“ Exchange Act
” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.
“ Exchange Fund
” shall be as defined in Section 3.2(a).
“ Financial
Statements ” shall be as defined in Section
4.5(a).
“ GAAP ”
shall mean United States generally accepted accounting
principles.
“ HSR Act
” shall mean the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act
of 1976, as amended.
“ Indebtedness
” shall mean with respect to any Person any indebtedness for
borrowed money.
“ Indemnified
Person ” shall be as defined in Section
6.9(b).
“ Intellectual
Property ” shall mean (a) trademarks, service marks,
trade names, designs, logos, slogans, Internet domain names, key
words and other indicia of source or origin, and general
intangibles of like nature, together with all goodwill,
registrations and applications related to any of the foregoing; (b)
patents (including any registrations, continuations, continuations
in part, renewals and applications for any of the foregoing); (c)
copyrights and other works of authorship (including any
registrations and applications for any of the foregoing); (d)
software; data, databases and other collections of data;
technology, trade secrets and other confidential information,
know-how, proprietary processes, formulae, algorithms, models, and
methodologies; and (e) other similar proprietary rights.
“ Judgments
” shall mean any and all judgments, orders, writs,
directives, rulings, decisions, injunctions, decrees, assessments,
settlement agreements (other than settlement agreements under which
there are no continuing obligations) or awards of any
Authority.
-6-
“ Lien ”
shall mean any lien, encumbrance, pledge, mortgage, security
interest, claim under bailment, or storage contract.
“ LJR ”
shall mean Lynch, Jones & Ryan, Inc., a Delaware
corporation.
“ LJR Dividend
” shall be as defined in Section 6.2(d).
“ LJR Sale
” shall mean the disposition of LJR as contemplated in the
LJR Sale Agreement.
“ LJR Sale
Agreement ” shall mean either (a) the purchase and sale
agreement, dated as of April 22, 2005, by and between the Company
and The Bank of New York, or (b) another agreement for the sale or
other disposition of the capital stock of LJR, whether by merger,
spin-off, sale or other extraordinary transaction, at a no less
favorable price and on no less favorable terms to the Company and
the Company Subsidiaries with respect to the obligations of the
Company after the closing thereunder than those provided for in
such purchase and sale agreement described in clause (a)
above.
“ Material
Contracts ” shall be as defined in Section
4.13(a).
“ Merger ”
shall be as defined in the Recitals.
“ Merger
Consideration ” shall be as defined in Section
3.1(b).
“ Merger Sub
” shall be as defined in the Preamble.
“ Multiemployer
Plan ” means any “multiemployer plan” within
the meaning of Section 3(37) of ERISA that is subject to
ERISA.
“ Multiple Employer
Plan ” shall mean a pension plan subject to ERISA that
has two or more contributing sponsors at least two of whom are not
under common control, within the meaning of Section 4063 of
ERISA.
“ NASD ”
shall mean the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc.
“ New Savings
Plan ” shall be as defined in Section 6.7(c).
“ Paying Agent
” shall be as defined in Section 3.2(a).
“ Performance
Plan ” shall be as defined in Section 6.7(e).
“ Permits
” shall mean any and all permits, authorizations, approvals,
registrations, certificates, orders, waivers, variances or other
approvals and licenses relating to compliance with any Applicable
Law.
“ Permitted
Liens ” shall mean (a) Liens for Taxes or governmental
assessments, charges or claims the payment of which is not yet due,
or for Taxes the validity of which are being contested in good
faith; (b) Liens of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, materialmen
and other similar persons and other Liens imposed by Applicable
Laws incurred in the ordinary
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course of business for sums not yet
delinquent or being contested in good faith; (c) Liens disclosed on
the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31,
2004 or notes thereto or securing liabilities reflected on the
consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2004;
and (d) other immaterial Liens incurred in the ordinary course of
business which do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially
impair use of the related asset as presently used in the business
of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries.
“ Person ”
shall mean an individual, partnership, corporation, business trust,
limited liability company, limited liability partnership, joint
stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture or
other entity.
“ Proxy
Statement ” shall be as defined in Section
6.10(b).
“ Required Buyer
Regulatory Approvals ” shall be as defined in Section
5.3(b).
“ Required Company
Regulatory Approvals ” shall be as defined in Section
4.6(b).
“ Required
Regulatory Approvals ” shall be as defined in Section
5.3(b).
“ Reuters
” shall mean Reuters Group plc.
“ Reuters Plans
” shall be as defined in Section 4.12(b).
“ SEC ”
shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.
“ Section 262
” shall be as defined in Section 3.1(b).
“ Securities Act
” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
“ Self-Regulatory
Organization ” shall mean the NASD, any domestic or
foreign securities exchange, commodities exchange, registered
securities association, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board,
National Futures Association, and any other board or body, whether
United States or foreign, that is charged with the supervision or
regulation of brokers, dealers, commodity pool operators, commodity
trading advisors or future commission merchants.
“ Severance
Benefits ” shall mean any and all liabilities in respect
of severance, redundancy and similar pay and benefits, salary
continuation, and similar obligations, relating to the termination
or alleged termination of employment, whether arising under an
Employment Agreement, a Company Benefit Plan, Applicable Laws, or
otherwise.
“ Shares ”
shall be as defined in Section 3.1(b).
“ SLP ”
shall mean Silver Lake Management Company, L.L.C.
“ Subsidiary
” of any Person means any corporation or other entity of
which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary
voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or other
Persons performing similar functions are at the time directly or
indirectly owned or controlled by such Person or one or more
Subsidiaries of such Person.
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“ Superior
Proposal ” shall be as defined in Section
6.11(g)(ii).
“ Support
Agreement ” shall be as defined in the
Recitals.
“ Surviving
Corporation ” shall be as defined in Section
2.1.
“ Systems
” shall mean all computer hardware, software and information
systems used in or necessary for the operation of, in the case of
the ECN Entities, the Business and, in the case of the VAB
Subsidiaries, the VAB Business.
“ Tax ”
shall mean all taxes imposed by or payable to any U.S. federal,
state, local, foreign or other Tax Authority, including all income,
gross receipts, gains, profits, windfall profits, gift, severance,
ad valorem, capital, social security, unemployment disability,
premium, recapture, credit, excise, property, sales, use,
occupation, service, service use, leasing, leasing use, value
added, transfer, payroll, employment, withholding, estimated,
license, stamp, franchise or similar taxes of any kind whatsoever,
including interest, penalties or additions thereto.
“ Tax Authority
” shall mean any Authority or quasi-governmental or private
body having jurisdiction over the assessment, determination,
collection or imposition of any Tax.
“ Tax Return
” shall mean any report, return, document, declaration or
other information (and any supporting schedules or attachments
thereto) required to be supplied to any Tax Authority or
jurisdiction with respect to Taxes (including any returns or
reports filed on a consolidated, unitary, or combined basis)
(collectively, “returns”), amended returns and claims
for refund.
“ Termination
Date ” shall mean the date which is the first anniversary
of the date of this Agreement.
“ Termination
Fee ” shall be as defined in Section 8.6(a).
“ Transaction
Liabilities ” shall mean the (a) liabilities, if any, of
the Company and its controlled Affiliates for fees and expenses of
investment bankers, attorneys, accountants and other consultants
and advisors incurred in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement or any transactions considered by
the Company or any Company Subsidiary as alternatives to the
Merger, including the LJR Sale, that arise from or relate to
arrangements, agreements or commitments entered into or made by the
Company or its controlled Affiliates prior to the Effective Time
and (b) liabilities, if any, of the Company and its Subsidiaries
arising from or relating to any Actions brought by any Person or
Authority relating to the Transactions to which the Company is a
party.
“ Transactions
” shall mean this Agreement, the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement (including the Merger) and the VAB Purchase
(assuming that the VAB Purchase is consummated immediately after
the Merger), and the transactions contemplated by the VAB
Transaction Agreement which are set forth on Section 1.3 of the
Company Disclosure Schedule.
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“ 2005 Annual
Bonus ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(ii).
“ 2005 Annual Bonus
Amount ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(ii).
“ 2006 Annual
Bonus ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(ii).
“ 2006 Annual Bonus
Amount ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(a)(ii).
“ VAB Acquisition
Sub ” shall be as defined in the Recitals.
“ VAB Business
” shall mean the business of the VAB Subsidiaries as
presently conducted.
“ VAB Corporate
Subsidiaries ” shall be as defined in Section
4.11(f).
“ VAB Employee
” shall be as defined in Section 6.7(a)(iii).
“ VAB Purchase
” shall mean the purchase by SLP or one of its Affiliates
from Buyer of all of the assets of the Company except for its
equity interests in ECN Holdings.
“ VAB
Subsidiaries ” shall mean each direct and indirect
Subsidiary of the Company, other than the ECN Entities and
LJR.
“ VAB Transaction
Agreement ” shall be as defined in the
Recitals.
“ Welfare
Benefits ” shall be as defined in Section
6.7(b).
ARTICLE 2
THE MERGER
Section 2.1 The Merger
. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement,
and in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware General
Corporation Law (the “ DGCL ”), Merger Sub shall
be merged with and into the Company at the Effective Time. As a
result of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger
Sub shall cease and the Company shall continue its existence as a
wholly owned subsidiary of Buyer under the laws of the State of
Delaware. The Company, in its capacity as the corporation surviving
the Merger, is hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “
Surviving Corporation .”
Section 2.2 Closing;
Effective Time . A closing (the “ Closing ”)
shall be held at 9:00 a.m. at the offices of Wachtell, Lipton,
Rosen & Katz, 51 West 52 nd Street, New York, N.Y.
10019, or such other place as the parties hereto may agree, on the
first Business Day of the month following the month in which all
conditions set forth in Article 7 (other than those conditions that
by their nature are to be satisfied or waived at the Closing, but
subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions) are
satisfied or waived, or at such other date as Buyer and the Company
may agree (such date, the “ Closing Date ”). As
promptly as possible on the
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Closing Date, the parties hereto shall
cause the Merger to be consummated by filing with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware (the “ Delaware Secretary
of State ”) a certificate of merger (the “
Certificate of Merger ”) in such form as is required
by and executed in accordance with Section 251 of the DGCL. The
Merger shall become effective when the Certificate of Merger has
been filed with the Delaware Secretary of State or at such later
time as shall be agreed upon by Buyer and the Company and specified
in the Certificate of Merger (the “ Effective Time
”).
Section 2.3 Effects of the
Merger . From and after the Effective Time, the Merger shall
have the effects set forth in Section 259 of the DGCL.
Section 2.4 Certificate of
Incorporation and Bylaws . The Certificate of Merger shall
provide that at the Effective Time, (a) the Company’s
Certificate of Incorporation as in effect immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be the Surviving Corporation’s
Certificate of Incorporation, and (b) Merger Sub’s Bylaws as
in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the
Surviving Corporation’s Bylaws; in each case, until amended
in accordance with the DGCL.
Section 2.5 Directors and
Officers of the Surviving Corporation . From and after the
Effective Time, the officers of the Company shall be the officers
of the Surviving Corporation and the directors of Merger Sub shall
be the directors of the Surviving Corporation, in each case, until
their respective successors are duly elected and
qualified.
ARTICLE 3
CONVERSION OF
SECURITIES
Section 3.1 Effect on
Capital Stock . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the
Merger and without any action on the part of Buyer, Merger Sub or
the Company or their respective stockholders:
(a) Each share of common
stock, $0.01 par value, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one
fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock, $0.01 par
value, of the Surviving Corporation. Such newly issued shares shall
thereafter constitute all of the issued and outstanding Surviving
Corporation capital stock.
(b) Subject to the other
provisions of this Article 3, each share of Company Common Stock
issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
(excluding any shares of Company Common Stock owned by Buyer,
Merger Sub or the Company or any of their respective wholly owned
Subsidiaries, which shares shall be cancelled and shall cease to
exist with no payment being made with respect thereto and, subject
to Section 3.1(d), any shares of Company Common Stock owned by
stockholders properly exercising appraisal rights pursuant to
Section 262 of the DGCL (“ Section 262 ”), as
provided in Section 3.1(d)), together with the rights (the “
Company Rights ”) issued pursuant to the Rights
Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2001, between the Company and Mellon
Investor Services LLC, as rights agent, as amended (together, the
“ Company Rights Plan ”) shall be converted into
and represent the right to receive
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an amount in cash equal to the Merger
Consideration, without interest. For purposes of this Agreement,
“ Merger Consideration ” shall mean the quotient
(to the nearest ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing (i) the sum of
(u) $1,878,000,000 plus (v) the aggregate exercise price of
all Company Options which both have an exercise price of less than
the Merger Consideration (excluding from the calculation of Merger
Consideration this clause (v) and clause (z) below for purposes of
determining which Company Options have an exercise price that is
less than the Merger Consideration) and are outstanding and vested
immediately prior to the Effective Time, minus (w) 50% of
the excess (such amount not to exceed $2,500,000), if any, of the
Closing Transaction Liabilities over $19,400,000, minus (x)
the LJR Dividend, if any, divided by (ii) the sum of (y) the number
of shares of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time (excluding any shares of
Company Common Stock owned by Buyer, Merger Sub or the Company or
any of their respective wholly owned Subsidiaries), plus (z)
the number of shares of Company Common Stock issuable upon the
exercise of Company Options which both have an exercise price of
less than the Merger Consideration (excluding from the calculation
of Merger Consideration clause (v) above and this clause (z) for
purposes of determining which Company Options have an exercise
price that is less than the Merger Consideration) and are
outstanding and vested immediately prior to the Effective Time. At
the Effective Time, all shares of Company Common Stock that have
been converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration
as provided in this Section 3.1(b) (the “ Shares
”) shall no longer be outstanding and automatically shall be
cancelled and shall cease to exist, and each holder of a
certificate that immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented such shares of Company Common Stock (a “
Certificate ”) shall cease to have any rights with
respect thereto, except the right to receive the Merger
Consideration.
(c) Each share of Company
capital stock held in the treasury of the Company automatically
shall be cancelled and retired and no payment shall be made in
respect thereof.
(d) Notwithstanding anything
in this Agreement to the contrary, the shares of Company Common
Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective
Time that are held by any Company Stockholder that is entitled to
demand and properly demands appraisal of shares of Company Common
Stock pursuant to, and complies in all respects with, the
provisions of Section 262 (the “ Appraisal Shares
”) shall not be converted into the right to receive the
Merger Consideration as provided in Section 3.1(b), but, instead,
such Company Stockholder shall be entitled to such rights (but only
such rights) as are granted by Section 262. At the Effective Time,
all Appraisal Shares shall no longer be outstanding and
automatically shall be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and,
except as otherwise provided by Applicable Laws, each holder of
Appraisal Shares shall cease to have any rights with respect to the
Appraisal Shares, other than such rights as are granted by Section
262. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any such Company Stockholder
shall fail to validly perfect or shall otherwise waive, withdraw or
lose the right to appraisal under Section 262 or if a court of
competent jurisdiction shall determine that such Company
Stockholder is not entitled to the relief provided by Section 262,
then the rights of such Company Stockholder under Section 262 shall
cease, and such Appraisal Shares shall be deemed to have been
converted at the Effective Time into, and shall have become, the
right to receive the Merger Consideration as provided in Section
3.1(b) without interest. The Company shall give notice to Buyer as
promptly as reasonably practicable of any demands for appraisal of
any shares of Company Common Stock, and Buyer shall have the
opportunity to participate in all negotiations and proceedings with
respect to such demands. Prior to the Effective Time,
the
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Company shall not, without the prior
written consent of Buyer and VAB Acquisition Sub, make any payment
with respect to, or settle or offer to settle, any such demands, or
agree to do any of the foregoing. A portion of the funds delivered
to the Paying Agent pursuant to Section 3.2(a) that are not
distributed to holders of shares of Company Common Stock pursuant
to this Article 3 because the holders thereof properly exercised
and perfected their dissenters’ rights with respect thereto
under the DGCL may be paid to the holders of Appraisal Shares upon
written instruction from Buyer to the Paying Agent.
Section 3.2 Surrender and
Payment . (a) Paying Agent; Exchange Fund . Prior to the
Effective Time, for the benefit of the Company Stockholders, Buyer
shall designate, or shall cause to be designated (pursuant to an
agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the
Company), a bank or trust company that is reasonably satisfactory
to the Company to act as agent for the payment of the Merger
Consideration in respect of Certificates upon surrender of such
Certificates in accordance with this Article 3 from time to time
after the Effective Time (the “ Paying Agent ”).
Promptly after the Effective Time, but in no event later than the
next Business Day after the Closing Date, Buyer shall deposit, or
cause Merger Sub to deposit, with the Paying Agent cash in an
amount sufficient for the payment of the aggregate Merger
Consideration pursuant to Section 3.1(b) (assuming no Appraisal
Shares) upon surrender of such Certificates (such cash, the “
Exchange Fund ”). The Paying Agent shall invest any
cash included in the Exchange Fund, as directed by Buyer, on a
daily basis. Any interest and other income resulting from such
investment shall be the property of, and shall be paid to, Buyer.
Any portion of the Exchange Fund (including any interest and other
income resulting from investments of the Exchange Fund) that
remains undistributed to the Company Stockholders one year after
the date of the mailing required by Section 3.2(b) shall be
delivered to Buyer, upon demand by Buyer, and holders of
Certificates that have not theretofore complied with this Section
3.2 shall thereafter look only to Buyer for payment of any claim to
the Merger Consideration. If any Certificates shall not have been
surrendered prior to such date on which any Merger Consideration
would otherwise escheat to or become the property of any Authority,
any such Merger Consideration, dividends or distributions in
respect of such Certificate shall, to the extent permitted by
Applicable Laws, become the property of Buyer, free and clear of
all claims or interest of any person previously entitled
thereto.
(b) Exchange Procedure
. As promptly as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time,
the Paying Agent shall and Buyer shall cause the Paying Agent to
mail to each holder of record of a Certificate (i) a form of letter
of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be
effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates held by
such Company Stockholder shall pass, only upon proper delivery of
the Certificates to the Paying Agent and shall be in such form and
have such other customary provisions as Buyer may reasonably
specify), and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender
of the Certificates in exchange for the Merger Consideration. Upon
surrender of a Certificate for cancellation to the Paying Agent or
to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by Buyer,
together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and
validly executed, and such other documents as may reasonably be
required by the Paying Agent, the holder of such Certificate shall
be paid in exchange therefor the amount of cash into which the
shares of Company Common Stock formerly represented by the
Certificate shall have been converted pursuant to Section 3.1(b),
and the Certificate so surrendered shall be cancelled. In the event
of a transfer of ownership of Company Common Stock that is not
registered in the stock transfer books of the Company, the proper
amount of
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cash may be paid in exchange therefor to
a person other than the person in whose name the Certificate so
surrendered is registered if the Certificate shall be properly
endorsed or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and the person
requesting such payment shall pay any transfer or other Taxes
required by reason of the payment to a person other than the
registered holder of the Certificate or establish to the
satisfaction of Buyer that the Tax has been paid or is not
applicable. No interest shall be paid or shall accrue on the Merger
Consideration.
(c) Stock Transfer
Books . After the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of
the Company shall be closed, and there shall be no further
registration of transfers on the stock transfer books of the
Surviving Corporation of the shares of Company Common Stock that
were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after
the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving
Corporation or the Paying Agent for transfer or any other reason,
they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Article
3.
(d) No Liability . To
the fullest extent permitted by law, none of Buyer, Merger Sub, the
Company or the Paying Agent shall be liable to any Person in
respect of any cash properly delivered to a public official
pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar
law.
(e) Lost Certificates
. If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the Person claiming
a Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by
Buyer or the Surviving Corporation, the posting by such Person of a
bond in such reasonable amount as Buyer or the Surviving
Corporation may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim
that may be made against it with respect to the Certificate, the
Paying Agent shall pay in respect of the lost, stolen or destroyed
Certificate the Merger Consideration.
(f) No Further Ownership
Rights in Company Common Stock . The Merger Consideration paid
in accordance with the terms of this Article 3 in respect of
Certificates that have been surrendered in accordance with the
terms of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been paid in full
satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the shares of Company
Common Stock represented thereby.
(g) Withholding Rights
. Each of the Surviving Corporation and Buyer shall be entitled to
deduct and withhold, or cause the Paying Agent to deduct and
withhold, from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this
Agreement to any Company Stockholders such amounts as it may be
required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such
payment under the Code, or any provision of state, local or foreign
Tax law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld by the
Surviving Corporation, Buyer or the Paying Agent, as the case may
be, the withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this
Agreement as having been paid to the Company Stockholders in
respect of which the deduction and withholding was made by the
Surviving Corporation, Buyer or the Paying Agent, as the case may
be.
Section 3.3 Treatment of
Stock Options . (a) At the Effective Time, each option to
purchase a share of Company Common Stock (a “ Company
Option ”), granted under the Company stock option plans
in effect on the date of this Agreement, or otherwise, that is
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall become
immediately vested, and shall
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be converted into the right to receive,
from Buyer or the Surviving Corporation, as soon as practicable
following the Effective Time (and in any event, no later than 10
days following the Effective Time), an amount in cash (less any
applicable withholding Taxes) equal to the product of (i) the
excess, if any, of (A) the Merger Consideration over (B) the per
share exercise price of Company Common Stock subject to such
Company Option and (ii) the number of shares of Company Common
Stock subject to such Company Option immediately prior to the
Effective Time.
(b) Subject to Section
3.3(a), the Company shall take any actions reasonably requested by
Buyer to effectuate the vesting and termination of the Company
Options, it being understood that the intention of the parties is
that following the Effective Time no holder of a Company Option or
any participant in any Company Benefit Plan or other employee
benefit arrangement of the Company shall have any right thereunder
to acquire any capital stock (including any “phantom”
stock or stock appreciation rights) of the Company, the Surviving
Corporation or VAB Acquisition Sub. Prior to the Effective Time,
the Company shall deliver to the holders of Company Options
appropriate notices, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to
Buyer, setting forth such holders’ rights pursuant to this
Agreement.
Section 3.4 Determination
of the Transaction Liabilities . The Company shall deliver to
Buyer and VAB Acquisition Sub, within two Business Days prior to
the Closing, a statement (the “ Transaction Liabilities
Statement ”) setting forth its good faith estimate of (a)
each unpaid Transaction Liability as of the Closing Date, and (b)
each Transaction Liability that has been paid prior to the Closing
Date (the Transaction Liabilities contemplated by clauses (a) and
(b), collectively, the “ Closing Transaction
Liabilities ”). The Company shall (a) provide Buyer and
VAB Acquisition Sub with supporting documentation evidencing the
payment of each Transaction Liability listed on the Transactions
Liabilities Statement as being paid and (b) at Buyer’s
request, use reasonable best efforts to obtain certificates from
any such service providers verifying any outstanding
amounts.
ARTICLE 4
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except as disclosed in the
Company Disclosure Schedule and other than with respect to LJR or
the LJR Sale or any matters relating thereto (except as provided
for in Section 4.28), the Company hereby represents and warrants to
Buyer and Merger Sub as follows:
Section 4.1 Organization
and Qualification . The Company (a) is a corporation duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of
the State of Delaware and (b) has all requisite corporate power and
authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on
its business as it is now being conducted. The Company is duly
qualified or licensed to do business and in good standing in each
jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it
makes such qualification or licensing necessary, other than in such
jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified, individually or
in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected
to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
-15-
Section 4.2 Authorization
and Validity of Agreement . The Company has all requisite power
and authority to execute this Agreement, to carry out and perform
its obligations under this Agreement and, subject to the approval
of this Agreement by the Company Stockholders, to consummate the
Transactions. The execution, delivery and performance by the
Company of this Agreement, and the consummation of the
Transactions, have been duly and validly authorized by all
necessary action of the Company, subject to the adoption of this
Agreement by the Company Stockholders and no other action on the
part of the Company is necessary for the authorization, execution,
delivery or performance by the Company of this Agreement and the
consummation of the Transactions. This Agreement has been duly
executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due
authorization, execution and delivery by Buyer and Merger Sub,
constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Company
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms
(except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar
Applicable Laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, or by
principles governing the availability of equitable
remedies).
Section 4.3
Subsidiaries . Each Subsidiary of the Company is listed on
Section 4.3 of the Company Disclosure Schedule (a “
Company Subsidiary ”). Each Company Subsidiary is duly
organized, validly existing and, where applicable, in good standing
under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all
requisite corporate or other power and authority to own, lease and
operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now
being conducted, and each Company Subsidiary is duly qualified or
licensed to do business and in good standing in each jurisdiction
in which the nature of the business conducted by such Company
Subsidiary makes such qualification or licensing necessary, other
than in such jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified,
individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
The outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests
of each Company Subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly
issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. There are no
outstanding (i) securities of any Company Subsidiary convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or voting
securities of any Company Subsidiary, or (ii) options or other
rights to acquire from any Company Subsidiary, or other obligations
of any Company Subsidiary to issue, any capital stock, voting
securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for
capital stock or voting securities of any Company Subsidiary. The
capital stock or equity interests of any Company Subsidiary are not
subject to preemptive or similar rights. Section 4.3 of the Company
Disclosure Schedule sets forth, for each Company Subsidiary, (A)
the authorized capital stock, (B) the number of issued and
outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests and
(C) the holders of such capital stock or equity interests and the
amounts held by such holders. Section 4.3 of the Company Disclosure
Schedule sets forth any capital stock or other equity interests of
any other Person owned by the Company or any Company Subsidiary
(other than in connection with the ordinary course of operation of
its brokerage business).
Section 4.4
Capitalization . (a) The authorized capital stock of the
Company consists of (i) 950,000,000 shares of Company Common Stock,
of which, as of March 31, 2005, 338,510,768 were issued and
outstanding and 6,510,925 were performance shares, and (ii) 200,000
shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which no
shares are issued and outstanding or reserved for issuance under
any agreement, arrangement or understanding.
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(b) Each outstanding share of
Company capital stock is duly authorized and validly issued, fully
paid and non-assessable and not subject to any preemptive or
similar rights. Other than as set forth in Section 4.4(a) of this
Agreement or in Section 4.4(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
and except for 31,767,033 Company Options and 6,510,925 performance
shares as of March 31, 2005, there are no (i) outstanding shares of
Company capital stock or Company voting securities, (ii) securities
of the Company convertible into or exchangeable for shares of
capital stock or voting securities of the Company or (iii) options
or other rights to acquire from the Company, or other obligations
of the Company to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock or
voting securities of the Company. There are no outstanding
obligations of the Company to repurchase, redeem or otherwise
acquire any of the securities of the Company.
Section 4.5 Financial
Statements . (a) The Company has delivered to Buyer the audited
financial statements as set forth on Section 4.5(a) of the Company
Disclosure Schedule (each, together with the notes thereto, an
“ Entity Financial Statement ,” and,
collectively, the “ Financial Statements
”).
(b) Each Entity Financial
Statement is based on the books and records of the entity to which
it relates, and fairly presents in all material respects the
financial condition and results of operations and cash flows of the
entity to which it relates, in accordance with GAAP, as of the
respective dates and for the respective periods indicated
therein.
Section 4.6 No Violation;
Consents and Approvals . (a) The execution, delivery and
performance of this Agreement and the VAB Transaction Agreement by
the Company (and in the case of the VAB Transaction Agreement, as
if the Company were Merger Sub thereunder) and, assuming
termination or expiration of applicable waiting periods under the
HSR Act and receipt of the Required Company Regulatory Approvals,
the consummation of the Transactions do not and will not violate,
conflict with or result in a breach of any provision of, or
constitute a default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of
time or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in
termination of, or accelerate the performance required by, or
result in a right of consent, termination or acceleration under, or
require any offer to purchase or any prepayment of any debt or
result in the creation of any Lien (other than Permitted Liens)
upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or a Company
Subsidiary under any of the terms, conditions or provisions of (i)
the certificate of incorporation or by-laws or other similar
organizational documents of the Company or any Company Subsidiary,
(ii) any Applicable Laws, or (iii) any Material Contract, other
than, in the case of clause (ii) above, such violations, conflicts,
breaches, defaults, terminations, accelerations, offers,
prepayments or creations of liens, security interests or
encumbrances that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect or
would not prevent the consummation of the Transactions.
(b) Except for (i) filings by
the Company required by the HSR Act and (ii) the filings with and
receipt of approvals from the Authorities listed on Section 4.6(b)
of the Company Disclosure Schedule (such filings and approvals, the
“ Required Company Regulatory Approvals ”), no
declaration, filing or registration with, or notice to, or
authorization, consent or approval of, any Authority is necessary
for the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the VAB
Transaction Agreement by the Company (and in the case of the VAB
Transaction
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Agreement, as if the Company were Merger
Sub thereunder) or the consummation by the Company, the Surviving
Corporation or any Company Subsidiary, as the case may be, of the
Merger or the VAB Purchase, other than such declarations, filings,
registrations, notices, authorizations, consents or approvals
which, if not made or obtained, as the case may be, would not
prevent the Company from performing its obligations under this
Agreement or the VAB Transaction Agreement or would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Company Material Adverse Effect and other than such declarations,
filings, registrations, notices, authorizations, consents or
approvals which are required or become applicable due to the nature
or status of, or actions taken by, Buyer, Merger Sub, VAB
Acquisition Sub or their respective Affiliates.
Section 4.7 Absence of
Certain Changes or Events . Since December 31, 2004, (i) no
event or change has occurred which, individually or in the
aggregate, has had or is highly likely to have a Company Material
Adverse Effect or which would materially delay or prevent the
Company from consummating the Transactions, and (ii) the Company
and each Company Subsidiary have, in all material respects, carried
on their business in the ordinary course consistent with past
practice, except as otherwise contemplated or permitted by this
Agreement. From December 31, 2004 through the date hereof, the
Company has not (a) declared, set aside or paid any dividends on or
made any other distributions in respect of any of its capital
stock, (b) purchased, redeemed or acquired any shares of its
capital stock, except upon the exercise of Company Options or the
vesting of performance share awards in accordance with their
present terms, or (c) together with the Company Subsidiaries, made
capital expenditures in excess of $10,000,000 in the
aggregate.
Section 4.8 Legal
Proceedings . There is no Action pending against or, to the
Company’s Knowledge, threatened against or affecting, the
Company or any Company Subsidiary or any of their respective
properties before any Authority which is, individually or in the
aggregate, material to either the Business (with respect to Actions
relating to the Business) or the VAB Business (with respect to
Actions relating to the VAB Business). There is no Judgment
currently outstanding against the Company or any Company
Subsidiary, or by which the property or business of the Company or
any Company Subsidiary is or was involved or affected.
Section 4.9 Compliance
with Applicable Laws and Permits; Regulatory Registrations and
Memberships . (a) Except as is not and would not reasonably be
expected to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to
either the Business (with respect to such compliance, Permits and
filings relating to the Business) or the VAB Business (with respect
to such compliance, Permits and filings relating to the VAB
Business), since January 1, 2002, (i) the Company and the Company
Subsidiaries are in compliance with all Applicable Laws and
material Permits, (ii) all Permits currently used by the Company or
the Company Subsidiaries are in full force and effect, and (iii)
the Company and the Company Subsidiaries have, to the extent
required, made all filings necessary to request the timely renewal
or issuance of all Permits prior to the Closing for the Company or
the Company Subsidiaries to own, operate and maintain their assets
and to conduct their businesses as they are currently being
conducted. The Company and the Company Subsidiaries have, since
January 1, 2002, filed all registrations, reports, notices, forms
or other filings required by any Authority, except where failure to
do is not, and would not reasonably be expected to be, individually
or in the aggregate, material to either the Business (with respect
to matters applicable thereto) or the VAB Business (with respect to
matters applicable thereto). As of their respective dates, all such
registrations, reports, notices, forms or other filings complied
with all Applicable Laws in all material respects.
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(b) Except as is not and
would not reasonably be expected to be, individually or in the
aggregate, material to either the Business (with respect to matters
applicable thereto) or the VAB Business (with respect to matters
applicable thereto), none of the Company, the Company Subsidiaries
or, to the Company’s Knowledge, their respective directors,
officers, managers, employees or other agents or
representatives:
(i) since January 1, 2002,
has received any written notification or communication from any
Authority (A) asserting that any such Person is not in compliance
in all material respects with any material Applicable Law, or has
otherwise engaged in any unlawful business practice, (B)
threatening to suspend, modify the terms of or revoke any such
Person’s material Permit, franchise, seat or membership in
any securities exchange, commodities exchange or Self-Regulatory
Organization, or governmental authorization, (C) requiring any such
Person to enter into a cease and desist order, acceptance, waiver
and consent agreement or memorandum of understanding (or requiring
the managers thereof to adopt any resolution or policy), (D)
restricting or disqualifying such Person’s activities (except
for restrictions generally imposed by (1) any rule, regulation or
administrative policy on brokers or dealers generally or (2) a
Self-Regulatory Organization), or (E) that such Person is the
subject of any Action;
(ii) is aware of any pending
or threatened Action by any Authority against the Company, any
Company Subsidiary, or, to the Company’s Knowledge, any
manager, officer, director, employee, agent or representative
thereof;
(iii) since January 1, 2002,
has been nor currently is, nor is any Affiliate thereof, subject to
a “statutory disqualification” as defined in Section
3(a)(39) of the Exchange Act or a disqualification that would be a
basis for censure, limitations on the activities, functions or
operations of, or suspension or revocation of the registration of
any broker-dealer as a broker-dealer, “electronic
communications network” (as defined under Rules 11Ac1-1 and
11Ac1-4 under the Exchange Act), “alternative trading
system” (as defined in Rule 300 of Regulation ATS under the
Exchange Act), municipal securities dealer, government securities
broker or government securities dealer under Section 15, Section
15B or Section 15C of the Exchange Act, and, to the Company’s
Knowledge, there is no reasonable basis for a proceeding or
investigation, whether formal or informal, preliminary or
otherwise, that is reasonably likely to result in any such censure,
limitation, suspension or revocation;
(iv) since January 1, 2002,
has been nor currently is required to be registered as a
broker-dealer, investment company, investment adviser, securities
exchange, electronic communications network, alternative trading
system, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator,
clearing agency, municipal securities dealer, government securities
dealer, futures commission merchant or exchange or transfer agent
under any Applicable Law and is not so registered;
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(v) since January 1, 2002,
has failed to be registered, licensed or qualified where required
to be registered, licensed or qualified as a broker-dealer with the
SEC, the securities commission of any state or foreign jurisdiction
or any Authority and is duly registered, licensed or qualified as
such where required and such registrations are in full force and
effect; or
(vi) since January 1, 2002,
has been the subject of any written customer complaint involving an
amount exceeding, individually, $500,000.
(c) The Company Broker-Dealer
Subsidiaries are registered with the SEC as broker-dealers under
Section 15(b) of the Exchange Act and in good standing with the
NASD or other applicable Self-Regulatory Organization. Section
4.9(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the
jurisdictions in which each Company Broker-Dealer Subsidiary is
registered as a broker-dealer. Other than the Company Broker-Dealer
Subsidiaries, neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is
required to be registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer under
Section 15(b) of the Exchange Act.
(d) Section 4.9(d) of the
Company Disclosure Schedule lists all of the Self-Regulatory
Organizations of which the Company or any Company Subsidiary is a
member.
(e) Each of the Company
Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries is in compliance in all material
respects with Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System, NASD Rule 2520 and the margin rules or similar
rules of any Self-Regulatory Organization of which it is a member,
including rules governing the extension or arrangement of credit to
customers. Other than the Company Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries, none
of the Company or the Company Subsidiaries has or does extend or
arrange credit for any customer within the meaning of Regulation U
or Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System.
(f) Company ATS has received
a “no action” letter from the Division of Market
Regulation of the SEC confirming, based on the facts set forth in
such letter, that the electronic communications network operated by
Company ATS is an “electronic communications network”
as defined under the Exchange Act and that the Division of Market
Regulation will treat the participants in such electronic
communications network as in compliance with paragraph (c)(5)(i)(A)
of Rule 11Ac1-1 because such electronic communications network
satisfies the requirement of paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of such Rule. The
facts recited in such no-action letter relating to the electronic
communications network of Company ATS have been at all times and
currently are true and correct in all material respects. Neither
the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is aware of any facts or
circumstances that are reasonably likely to result in such
no-action letter being revoked, withdrawn, superseded or suspended
in whole or material part.
(g) Each of the Company
Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries is in compliance with all applicable
regulatory capital requirements and no distribution of cash from a
Company Broker-Dealer Subsidiary after the date hereof, where such
action occurs prior to the Closing, will result
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in such Company Broker-Dealer Subsidiary
not being in compliance with applicable regulatory capital
requirements. Section 4.9(g) of the Company Disclosure Schedule
sets forth, with respect to each of the Company Broker-Dealer
Subsidiaries, the required capital for such Company Broker-Dealer
Subsidiary as of February 28, 2005 and the actual capital of such
Company Broker-Dealer Subsidiary as of February 28,
2005.
Section 4.10 No
Undisclosed Liabilities . Except for liabilities (a) set forth,
accrued, reserved or otherwise reflected in the Financial
Statements (or referred to in the notes thereto), (b) permitted or
contemplated by this Agreement or set forth or referred to in the
Company Disclosure Schedule or (c) incurred in the ordinary course
of business consistent with past practice since December 31, 2004,
neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary has (i) any
liabilities of a nature required to be set forth or reflected in a
consolidated balance sheet of the Company prepared in accordance
with GAAP or (ii) as of the date hereof, any other liabilities
material to the Business (with respect to the liabilities relating
to such business) or the VAB Business (with respect to the
liabilities relating to such business), and as of the Closing, any
other liabilities which are reasonably expected to be material to
the Company and the Company Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole.
Section 4.11 Taxes
.
(a) The Company and each
Company Subsidiary has duly and timely filed all material Tax
Returns required to be filed by it, and all such Tax Returns are
true, complete and accurate in all material respects. The Company
and each Company Subsidiary has paid all material Taxes required to
be paid by it, and has withheld and paid all material Taxes that it
was required to withhold and pay from amounts owing to any
employee, creditor or third party. There are no pending or, to the
Company’s Knowledge, threatened audits, examinations,
investigations, deficiencies, claims or other proceedings in
respect of Taxes relating to the Company or any Company Subsidiary,
and no Closing Agreement pursuant to Section 7121 of the Code (or
any similar provision of state, local or foreign law) has been
entered into by or with respect to the Company or any of the
Company Subsidiaries. There are no material Liens for Taxes upon
the assets of the Company or any Company Subsidiary, other than
Liens for current Taxes not yet due and Liens for Taxes that are
being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings.
(b) Neither the Company nor
any Company Subsidiary has requested any extension of time within
which to file any Tax Returns in respect of any taxable year that
have not since been filed, nor made any request for waivers of the
time to assess any Taxes that are pending or outstanding. The
consolidated U.S. federal income Tax Returns of the Company have
been examined, or the statute of limitations has closed, with
respect to all taxable years through and including 1999.
(c) Neither the Company nor
any Company Subsidiary has any liability for Taxes of any Person
(other the Company or any Company Subsidiary) under Treasury
Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any comparable provision of U.S.
state or local or foreign law). Neither the Company nor any Company
Subsidiary is a party to any agreement (with any Person other than
the Company and/or any Company Subsidiary) relating to the
allocation or sharing of Taxes. No jurisdiction where the Company
and each of the Company Subsidiaries does not file a Tax Return has
made a claim in writing that either the Company or any of the
Company Subsidiaries is required to file a Tax Return in such
jurisdiction.
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(d) Since December 31, 2004,
other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with
past practice or as contemplated by this Agreement, neither the
Company nor any of the Company Subsidiaries has (i) incurred any
material liability for Taxes, (ii) made or changed any election or
method of accounting concerning any material Taxes, (iii) filed any
amended Tax Return, (iv) settled any material Tax claim or
assessment or (v) surrendered any right to claim a refund of any
material amount of Taxes.
(e) None of the Company or
any of the Company Subsidiaries has agreed to make any adjustment
under Section 481(a) of the Code (or any similar provision of
state, local or foreign law) by reason of a change in accounting
method or otherwise for any taxable year for which the statute of
limitations has not yet expired. Neither the Company nor any of the
Company Subsidiaries, as a result of any agreement with a Tax
Authority, will be required to include any material item of income
in, or exclude any material Tax credit or item of deduction from,
any taxable period beginning on or after the Closing Date. Neither
the Company nor any of the Company Subsidiaries has participated,
within the meaning of Treasury regulation Section 1.6011-4(c) in
(i) any “reportable transaction” within the meaning of
Section 6011 of the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder or comparable provisions of state law, (ii) any
“confidential corporate tax shelter” within the meaning
of Section 6111 of the Code and the Treasury regulations
promulgated thereunder or comparable provisions of state law, or
(iii) any “potentially abusive tax shelter” within the
meaning of Section 6112 of the Code and the Treasury regulations
promulgated thereunder or comparable provisions of state
law.
(f) The sum of the adjusted
tax basis of (i) the assets of Instinet LLC and Instinet Group LLC
and (ii) the stock of the VAB Subsidiaries that are characterized
as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and LJR (the
“ VAB Corporate Subsidiaries ”) is not less than
the sum of $207,500,000 plus the gross proceeds received by the
Company from the LJR Sale. The adjusted tax basis of the stock of
each VAB Corporate Subsidiary is not materially greater than the
adjusted tax basis of the assets of such VAB Corporate
Subsidiary.
(g) Neither the Company nor
any Company Subsidiary has constituted either a “distributing
corporation” or a “controlled corporation” within
the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code in a distribution
qualifying (or intending to qualify) under Section 355 of the Code
(or Section 356 to the extent Section 356 relates to Section 355)
in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement.
Section 4.12 Employee
Matters . (a) Section 4.12(a) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule contains a true and complete list of all Company Benefit
Plans and Employment Agreements and the Company has made available
to Buyer and VAB Acquisition Sub true and complete copies of each
material Company Benefit Plan and Employment Agreement.
(b) There does not exist, nor
do any circumstances exist that would reasonably be expected to
result in, any liabilities under (i) Title IV of ERISA, (ii)
Section 302 of ERISA, (iii) Sections 412 and 4971 of the Code, or
(iv) any Benefit Plan either currently or formerly
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maintained or contributed to by Reuters
Group PLC or any Affiliate for the benefit of current or former
Company Employees (collectively, the “ Reuters Plans
”), in each case, that could reasonably be expected to be a
liability of the Company or any Company Subsidiary following the
Closing.
(c) With respect to each
Company Benefit Plan that is a pension plan that is maintained for
the benefit of Company Employees who are located outside of the
United States, the present value of accrued benefits under such
plan, based upon the actuarial assumptions used for funding
purposes in the most recent actuarial report prepared by such
plan’s actuary with respect to such plan did not exceed, as
of its latest valuation date, the then current value of the assets
of such plan allocable to such accrued benefits.
(d) No Company Benefit Plan
is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the
Code.
(e) No Company Benefit Plan
is a Multiemployer Plan or a Multiple Employer Plan.
(f) Neither the execution and
delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions
will (either alone or in conjunction with any other event such as
termination of employment) (i) result in any material payment
following the Closing becoming due to any Company Employee under
any Company Benefit Plan or any Employment Agreement that could
reasonably be expected to be a liability of the Company or any
Company Subsidiary following the Closing, (ii) materially increase
any benefits otherwise payable under any Company Benefit Plan or
any Employment Agreement that could reasonably be expected to be a
liability of the Company or any Company Subsidiary following the
Closing or (iii) result in any acceleration of the time of payment,
funding or vesting of any such benefits that could reasonably be
expected to be a liability of the Company or any Company Subsidiary
following the Closing.
(g) Each Company Benefit Plan
has been materially (i) operated, (ii) established, (iii)
administered, (iv) invested and (v) registered (where applicable)
in accordance with its terms and Applicable Law, including but not
limited to ERISA and the Code.
(h) Each Company Benefit Plan
intended to be “qualified” within the meaning of
Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and the trusts
maintained thereunder are exempt from taxation under Section 501(a)
of the Code.
(i) There are no pending or,
to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened claims by or on behalf
of any Company Benefit Plan, by any employee or beneficiary covered
under any such Company Benefit Plan, or otherwise involving any
such Company Benefit Plan (other than routine claims for benefits).
There are no material pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge,
material threatened claim
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