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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

Agreement and Plan of Merger

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Carreker Corporation | CFA SOFTWARE CORPORATION | CHECKFREE CORPORATION

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Title: AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
Governing Law: Delaware     Date: 1/3/2007
Industry: CMPSRV     Law Firm: Locke Liddell;Porter Wright     Sector: TECHNO

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EXHIBIT 2

Execution Copy

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

among

CHECKFREE CORPORATION,

CFA SOFTWARE CORPORATION

and

CARREKER CORPORATION

Dated as of December 29, 2006

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page

 

ARTICLE I

 

THE MERGER

 

 

1

 

Section 1.1

 

The Merger

 

 

1

 

Section 1.2

 

Closing; Effective Time

 

 

1

 

Section 1.3

 

Effect of the Merger

 

 

1

 

Section 1.4

 

Certificate of Incorporation; By-laws

 

 

2

 

Section 1.5

 

Directors and Officers

 

 

2

 

 

       

ARTICLE II

 

EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES;

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 2.1

 

Conversion of Securities

 

 

2

 

Section 2.2

 

Treatment of Options and Other Equity Awards

 

 

3

 

Section 2.3

 

Dissenting Shares

 

 

3

 

Section 2.4

 

Surrender of Shares; Stock Transfer Books

 

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE III

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

 

 

5

 

Section 3.1

 

Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries

 

 

5

 

Section 3.2

 

Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws

 

 

6

 

Section 3.3

 

Capitalization

 

 

6

 

Section 3.4

 

Authority Relative to the Merger

 

 

7

 

Section 3.5

 

No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents

 

 

8

 

Section 3.6

 

Permits; Compliance

 

 

8

 

Section 3.7

 

SEC Filings; Financial Statements

 

 

9

 

Section 3.8

 

Absence of Certain Changes or Events

 

 

10

 

Section 3.9

 

Absence of Litigation

 

 

10

 

Section 3.10

 

Employee Benefit Plans

 

 

11

 

Section 3.11

 

Labor and Employment Matters

 

 

15

 

Section 3.12

 

Intellectual Property

 

 

16

 

Section 3.13

 

Taxes

 

 

16

 

Section 3.14

 

Environmental Matters

 

 

22

 

Section 3.15

 

Material Contract

 

 

22

 

Section 3.16

 

Insurance

 

 

23

 

Section 3.17

 

Title to Assets

 

 

23

 

Section 3.18

 

Proxy Statement

 

 

23

 

Section 3.19

 

Opinion of Financial Advisor

 

 

23

 

Section 3.20

 

Brokers

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE IV

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB

 

 

24

 

Section 4.1

 

Corporate Organization

 

 

24

 

Section 4.2

 

Authority Relative to the Merger

 

 

24

 

Section 4.3

 

No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents

 

 

25

 

Section 4.4

 

Financing

 

 

25

 

Section 4.5

 

Proxy Statement

 

 

25

 

Section 4.6

 

No Vote/Approval Required

 

 

26

 

Section 4.7

 

SEC Filings; Financial Statements

 

 

26

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page

 

Section 4.8

 

Litigation

 

 

26

 

Section 4.9

 

Brokers

 

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE V

 

CONDUCT OF BUSINESS PENDING THE MERGER

 

 

26

 

Section 5.1

 

Conduct of Business by the Company Pending the Effective Time

 

 

26

 

Section 5.2

 

No Right to Control

 

 

29

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE VI

 

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

 

 

29

 

Section 6.1

 

Stockholders' Meeting

 

 

29

 

Section 6.2

 

Proxy Statement; SEC Filings

 

 

30

 

Section 6.3

 

Access to Information; Confidentiality

 

 

30

 

Section 6.4

 

No Solicitation of Transactions

 

 

31

 

Section 6.5

 

Employee Benefits Matters

 

 

33

 

Section 6.6

 

Directors' and Officers' Indemnification and Insurance

 

 

33

 

Section 6.7

 

Notification of Certain Matters

 

 

35

 

Section 6.8

 

Further Action; Reasonable Commercial Efforts

 

 

35

 

Section 6.9

 

Public Announcements

 

 

36

 

Section 6.10

 

Investigation and Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub; No Other

 

 

 

 

 

 

Representations or Warranties

 

 

36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE VII

 

CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER

 

 

37

 

Section 7.1

 

Conditions to Each Party's Obligation to Effect the Merger

 

 

37

 

Section 7.2

 

Conditions to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub

 

 

38

 

Section 7.3

 

Conditions to Obligation of the Company

 

 

38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER

 

 

39

 

Section 8.1

 

Termination

 

 

39

 

Section 8.2

 

Effect of Termination

 

 

41

 

Section 8.3

 

Fees and Expenses

 

 

41

 

Section 8.4

 

Amendment

 

 

42

 

Section 8.5

 

Waiver

 

 

42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE IX

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

 

42

 

Section 9.1

 

Non-Survival of Representations, Warranties and Agreements

 

 

42

 

Section 9.2

 

Notices

 

 

43

 

Section 9.3

 

Certain Definitions

 

 

43

 

Section 9.4

 

Severability

 

 

50

 

Section 9.5

 

Entire Agreement; Assignment

 

 

50

 

Section 9.6

 

Parties in Interest

 

 

50

 

Section 9.7

 

Specific Performance

 

 

51

 

Section 9.8

 

Governing Law

 

 

51

 

Section 9.9

 

Headings

 

 

51

 

Section 9.10

 

Counterparts

 

 

51

 

Section 9.11

 

Company Disclosure Schedule

 

 

51

 



 

 

 

COMPANY DISCLOSURE SCHEDULE

 

 

 

 

Section 3.1(b)

 

Subsidiaries

Section 3.3(a)

 

Capitalization

Section 3.3(b)

 

Ownership of Subsidiaries

Section 3.5(b)

 

Required Consents

Section 3.6(a)

 

Permits

Section 3.6(b)

 

Proceedings

Section 3.7(c)

 

Undisclosed Liabilities

Section 3.8

 

Material Changes and Events

Section 3.9

 

Litigation

Section 3.10(a)

 

Employee Benefit Plans

Section 3.10(b)

 

U.S. Benefit Plans

Section 3.10(c)

 

Operation of Plans

Section 3.10(h)

 

WARN Act

Section 3.10(h)

 

Non-U.S. Benefit Plans

Section 3.11(a)

 

Employees

Section 3.11(b)

 

Collective Bargaining Agreements

Section 3.11(c)

 

Certain Employee Matters

Section 3.12(a)(i)

 

List of certain Owned Intellectual Property

Section 3.12(a)(ii)

 

List of Licensed Intellectual Property

Section 3.12(b)(i)

 

Ownership of Owned Intellectual Property

Section 3.12(b)(ii)

 

Rights to Intellectual Property

Section 3.12(b)(iii)

 

Intellectual Property License Grants

Section 3.12(c)

 

Certain Intellectual Property Matters

Section 3.12(d)

 

No Infringement

Section 3.12(e)

 

Impairment of Intellectual Property

Section 3.12(f)

 

No Wrongful Disclosure

Section 3.12(g)

 

Open Source

Section 3.12(h)

 

Products Supported through Software Maintenance Services

Section 3.13(a)(i)

 

Waivers of Taxes

Section 3.13(a)(ii)

 

Affiliated Tax Group

Section 3.13(a)(iii)

 

Tax Sharing Agreements

Section 3.13(b)

 

Certain Tax Matters

Section 3.13(c)

 

Deferred Taxes

Section 3.13(d)

 

Non-Deductible Payments

Section 3.13(e)

 

Tax Return Jurisdictions

Section 3.14

 

Environmental Matters

Section 3.15

 

Material Contracts

Section 3.16

 

Insurance

Section 5.1

 

Conduct of Business

Section 5.1(f)

 

Designated Open Employment Positions

Section 6.5(a)

 

Employee Benefit Matters

Section 6.6(b)

 

Indemnification Agreements

Section 6.8

 

Specified Contract

Section 7.2(c)

 

Company Closing Consents

Section 7.3(c)

 

Parent Closing Consents



 

 

 

     AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of December 29, 2006 (this "Agreement"), among CheckFree Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Parent"), CFA Software Corporation, a Delaware corporation and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub"), and Carreker Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company").

     WHEREAS, the Boards of Directors of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company have each approved and declared advisable the merger of Merger Sub with and into the Company (the "Merger") in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL") upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, whereby each issued and outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company ("Shares"), not owned directly or indirectly by Parent or the Company, will be exchanged for $8.05 in cash (the "Merger Consideration"); and

     NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I
THE MERGER

     Section 1.1 The Merger . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in Article VII, and in accordance with the DGCL, at the Effective Time (as defined below), Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company. As a result of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation of the Merger (the "Surviving Corporation").

     Section 1.2 Closing; Effective Time . Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in Article VII, the closing of the Merger (the "Closing") will take place as soon as practicable, but in no event later than three (3) Business Days, after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions (excluding conditions that, by their nature, cannot be satisfied until the Closing), or such other time and date that the parties agree to in writing. The Closing shall be held at the offices of Locke Liddell & Sapp LLP in Dallas, Texas unless another place is agreed to in writing by the parties hereto. As part of the Closing, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing a certificate of merger or certificate of ownership and merger (in either case, the "Certificate of Merger") with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in such form as is required by, and executed in accordance with, the relevant provisions of the DGCL (the date and time of such filing of the Certificate of Merger, or such later time as may be agreed by each of the parties hereto and specified in the Certificate of Merger, being the "Effective Time").

     Section 1.3 Effect of the Merger . At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be as provided in the applicable provisions of the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, disabilities and duties of each of the Company and Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, disabilities and duties of the Surviving Corporation.

 

 

 

     Section 1.4 Certificate of Incorporation; By-laws .

          (a) At the Effective Time, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company shall be amended in the Merger to be identical to the Certificate of Incorporation of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (except that such Certificate of Incorporation shall be amended to provide the name of the Surviving Corporation shall be the name of the Company), and shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided by Law and such Certificate of Incorporation.

          (b) The By-laws of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the By-laws of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided by Law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation and such By-laws.

     Section 1.5 Directors and Officers . The directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the initial directors of the Surviving Corporation, each to hold office in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving Corporation, and the officers of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the initial officers of the Surviving Corporation, in each case until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal.

ARTICLE II
EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES;
EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES

     Section 2.1 Conversion of Securities . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of Merger Sub, the Company or the holders of any of the following securities

          (a) each Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any Shares to be canceled pursuant to Section 2.1(b) and any Dissenting Shares (as defined below)) shall be canceled and shall be converted automatically into the right to receive an amount equal to the Merger Consideration payable, without interest, to the holder of such Share, upon surrender, in the manner provided in Section 2.4, of the certificate that formerly evidenced such Share;

          (b) each Share held in the treasury of the Company and each Share owned by Merger Sub, Parent or any direct or indirect subsidiary of Parent or of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be canceled without any conversion thereof and no payment or distribution shall be made with respect thereto; and

          (c) each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into and exchanged for one validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Surviving Corporation.

2

 

 

     Section 2.2 Treatment of Options and Other Equity Awards .

          (a) The Company has awarded stock options and restricted shares under (i) the Company’s Director Stock Option Plan and (ii) the Company’s Third Amended and Restated 1994 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended through the date of this Agreement, collectively referred to as the "Company Stock Plans"). Between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, the Company shall take all necessary action (which action shall be effective as of the Effective Time) subject to the terms of Section 2.2(b) to (A) terminate the Company Stock Plans and (B) cancel, as of the Effective Time, each outstanding option to purchase shares of Company Common Stock granted under the Company Stock Plans (each, a "Company Stock Option") that is outstanding and unexercised, whether or not vested or exercisable, as of such date (in each case, without the creation of additional liability to the Company or any Subsidiary).

          (b) As of the Effective Time, each holder of a Company Stock Option immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be entitled to receive an amount of cash, without interest, equal to the product of (i) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to such Company Stock Option multiplied by (ii) the excess, if any, of the Merger Consideration over the exercise price per share of such Company Stock Option (with the aggregate amount of such payment to the holder to be rounded to the nearest cent), less applicable withholding taxes, if any, required to be withheld with respect to such payment. No holder of a Company Stock Option that has an exercise price per Share that is equal to or greater than the Merger Consideration shall be entitled to any payment with respect to such cancelled Company Stock Option before or after the Effective Time.

          (c) As of the Effective Time, each outstanding share of restricted Company Common Stock granted under the Company Stock Plans (each, a "Company Restricted Stock Award"), the restrictions of which have not lapsed immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall become fully vested and the holder thereof shall be entitled to receive an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the Merger Consideration, less applicable withholding taxes, if any, required to be withheld with respect to such payment.

          (d) If between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, the outstanding shares of the Company shall have been increased, decreased, changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares of securities as a result of a reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, or other similar change in capitalization, an appropriate and proportionate adjustment shall be made to the Merger Consideration.

     Section 2.3 Dissenting Shares .

          (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary and to the extent available under the DGCL, Shares that are outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that are held by stockholders who shall have neither voted in favor of the Merger nor consented thereto in writing and who shall have demanded properly in writing appraisal for such Shares in accordance with Section 262 of the DGCL (collectively, the "Dissenting Shares") shall not be converted into, or represent the right to receive, the Merger Consideration. Such stockholders shall be entitled to receive payment of the appraised value of

3

 

 

such Shares held by them in accordance with the provisions of such Section 262, except that all Dissenting Shares held by stockholders who shall have failed to perfect or who effectively shall have withdrawn or lost their rights to appraisal of such Shares under such Section 262 shall thereupon be deemed to have been converted into, and to have become exchangeable for, as of the Effective Time, the right to receive the Merger Consideration, without any interest thereon, upon surrender, in the manner provided in Section 2.4, of the certificate or certificates that formerly evidenced such Shares.

          (b) The Company shall give Parent (i) prompt notice of any demands for appraisal received by the Company, withdrawals of such demands, and any other instruments served pursuant to the DGCL and received by the Company and (ii) the opportunity to direct all negotiations and proceedings with respect to demands for appraisal under the DGCL. The Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent, make any payment with respect to any demands for appraisal or offer to settle or settle any such demands.

     Section 2.4 Surrender of Shares; Stock Transfer Books .

          (a) Prior to the Effective Time, Merger Sub shall designate a bank or trust company to act as agent (the "Exchange Agent") for the holders of Shares to receive the funds to which holders of Shares shall become entitled pursuant to Section 2.1(a) and shall deposit with the Exchange Agent cash in an amount sufficient to pay the aggregate Merger Consideration (such cash being hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Fund"). The Exchange Fund shall be invested by the Exchange Agent as directed by the Surviving Corporation. As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, the Exchange Agent, pursuant to irrevocable instructions, shall deliver the aggregate Merger Consideration to be paid pursuant to Section 2.1(a) out of the Exchange Fund. The Exchange Fund shall not be used for any other purpose.

          (b) Promptly after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause to be mailed to each person who was, at the Effective Time, a holder of record of Shares entitled to receive the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) a form of letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the certificates evidencing such Shares (the "Certificates") shall pass, only upon proper delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent) and instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates pursuant to such letter of transmittal. Upon surrender to the Exchange Agent of a Certificate, together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, and such other documents as may be required pursuant to such instructions, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor the Merger Consideration for each Share formerly evidenced by such Certificate, and such Certificate shall then be canceled. No interest shall accrue or be paid on the Merger Consideration payable upon the surrender of any Certificate for the benefit of the holder of such Certificate. If the payment equal to the Merger Consideration is to be made to a person other than the person in whose name the surrendered certificate formerly evidencing Shares is registered on the stock transfer books of the Company, it shall be a condition of payment that the certificate so surrendered shall be endorsed properly or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and that the person requesting such payment shall have paid all transfer and other taxes required by reason of the payment of the Merger Consideration to a person other than the registered

4

 

 

holder of the certificate surrendered, or shall have established to the satisfaction of Merger Sub that such taxes either have been paid or are not applicable. If any holder of Shares is unable to surrender such holder’s Certificates because such Certificates have been lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, such holder may deliver in lieu thereof an affidavit and indemnity bond in form and substance and with surety reasonably satisfactory to the Surviving Corporation. Each of Parent, Merger Sub, the Surviving Corporation and the Exchange Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any amounts otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement in respect of Shares such amount as it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any applicable Tax Law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.

          (c) At any time following the first anniversary of the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to require the Exchange Agent to deliver to it any funds which had been made available to the Exchange Agent and not disbursed to holders of Shares (including, without limitation, all interest and other income received by the Exchange Agent in respect of all funds made available to it), and, thereafter, such holders shall be entitled to look to the Surviving Corporation (subject to abandoned property, escheat and other similar laws) only as general creditors thereof with respect to any Merger Consideration that may be payable upon due surrender of the Certificates held by them. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Surviving Corporation nor the Exchange Agent shall be liable to any holder of a Share for any Merger Consideration delivered in respect of such Share to a public official pursuant to any abandoned property, escheat or other similar law.

          (d) At the close of business on the day of the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed and thereafter there shall be no further registration of transfers of Shares on the records of the Company. From and after the Effective Time, the holders of Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such Shares except as otherwise provided herein or by applicable Law.

ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

     As an inducement to Parent and Merger Sub to enter into this Agreement, the Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub that:

     Section 3.1 Organization and Qualification; Subsidiaries .

          (a) Each of the Company and each subsidiary of the Company (each a "Subsidiary") is a corporation, limited liability company or other entity duly formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation and has the requisite power and authority and all necessary governmental approvals to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary is duly qualified or licensed as a foreign corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership to do business, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the character of the properties owned, leased or operated by it or the nature of its business makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except for such failures to be so

5

 

 

qualified or licensed and in good standing that would not have a Company Material Adverse Effect.

          (b) A true and complete list of all the Subsidiaries, together with the jurisdiction of formation of each Subsidiary, the other jurisdictions in which it is authorized to do business, and the percentage of the outstanding equity interests of each Subsidiary owned by the Company, each other Subsidiary and each other holder of equity, is set forth in Section 3.1(b) of the company disclosure schedule (the "Company Disclosure Schedule"). Except as disclosed in Section 3.1(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company does not directly or indirectly own any equity or similar interest in, or any interest convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any equity or similar interest in, any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or entity.

     Section 3.2 Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws . The Certificates of Incorporation, By-laws or equivalent organizational documents of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have been made available to Parent and are in full force and effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws or equivalent organizational documents.

     Section 3.3 Capitalization .

          (a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Company Common Stock") and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Company Preferred Stock"). As of December 19 2006, (i) 24,975,250 Shares are issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (of which 770,925 Shares are issued as Company Restricted Stock Awards), (ii) 664,473 Shares are held in the treasury of the Company and (iii) 3,917,235 Shares are reserved for future issuance pursuant to outstanding Company Stock Options and other rights (together with the Company Restricted Stock Awards, the "Company Stock Awards") granted pursuant to the Company Stock Plans. At the Closing, the aggregate number of issued and outstanding Shares and Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding Company Stock Options shall be equal to or less than the aggregate number of issued and outstanding Shares and Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding Company Stock Options set forth above in this Section 3.3(a). As of the date of this Agreement, no shares of Company Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding. Except as set forth in this Section 3.3 or in Section 3.3(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no options, warrants or other rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments of any character that are binding on the Company or any Subsidiary and that relate to the issued or unissued capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary or that obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue or sell any shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, the Company or any Subsidiary. Section 3.3(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the following information with respect to each Company Stock Award outstanding as of the December 19, 2006: (i) the name of the Company Stock Award recipient; (ii) the number of Shares subject to such Company Stock Award; (iii) the exercise or purchase price of such Company Stock Award; (iv) the date on which such Company Stock Award was granted; and (v) whether the exercisability of or right to repurchase of such Company Stock Award will not be accelerated in any way by the Merger, and indicates the extent of acceleration. All Shares subject to issuance as set forth in this Section 3.3, upon

6

 

 

issuance on the terms and conditions specified in the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Shares or any capital stock of any Subsidiary or to provide funds to, or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary or any other person. Except as reflected in the Company Stock Plans or as set forth in Section 3.3(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no commitments or agreements of any character to which the Company is bound obligating the Company to accelerate the vesting of any Company Stock Award as a result of the Merger. All outstanding Shares, all outstanding Company Stock Awards, and all outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary have been issued and granted in compliance in all respects with (i) all applicable securities laws and other applicable Laws and (ii) all requirements set forth in applicable contracts.

          (b) Each outstanding share of capital stock of each Subsidiary is duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and, except as set forth in Section 3.3(b) to the Company Disclosure Schedule, each share that is owned directly or indirectly by the Company is owned by the Company or another Subsidiary free and clear of all security interests, liens, claims, pledges, options, rights of first refusal, agreements, limitations on the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s voting rights, charges and other encumbrances of any nature whatsoever.

     Section 3.4 Authority Relative to the Merger . The Company has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the Merger. The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company of the Merger have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the Merger (other than the approval and adoption of this Agreement by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and the filing and recordation of appropriate merger documents as required by the DGCL). This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to the effect of general principles of equity (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity). The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Company Board"), at a meeting duly called and held, has (i) approved, adopted and declared advisable this Agreement and the Merger (such approval and adoption having been made in accordance with the DGCL), (ii) approved the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger; (iii) determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby are in the best interests of the Company and the holders of the Shares, and (iv) resolved, subject to Section 6.4(c), to recommend that the holders of Shares approve and adopt this Agreement and the Merger. No state anti-takeover statute is applicable to the Merger.

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     Section 3.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents .

          (a) The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement do not, and the performance by the Company of this Agreement will not, (i) conflict with or violate the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws of the Company or any Subsidiary or (ii) assuming that all consents, approvals, authorizations and other actions described in Section 3.5(b) have been obtained or taken and all filings and obligations described in Section 3.5(b) have been made or fulfilled, conflict with or violate any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, executive order, injunction, judgment, decree or other order ("Law") applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected.

          (b) Except as set forth in Section 3.5(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement does not, and the performance by the Company of this Agreement will not, require any material consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any United States federal, state, county or local or non-United States government, governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency, instrumentality or commission or any court, tribunal, or judicial or arbitral body (a "Governmental Authority"), except for (i) the pre-merger notification requirements of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the "HSR Act"), (ii) any applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and state takeover laws, and (iii) the filing and recordation of appropriate merger documents as required by the DGCL.

     Section 3.6 Permits; Compliance .

          (a) Except as set forth in Section 3.6(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is in possession of all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances, exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders of any Governmental Authority, in each case that are material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, necessary for each of the Company or the Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate its properties or to carry on its business as it is now being conducted (the "Company Permits"). No suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

          (b) Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is in compliance in all material respects with (i) all Laws applicable to the Company or each such Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or each such Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (ii) all notes, bonds, mortgages, indentures, contracts, agreements, leases, licenses, Company Permits, franchises or other instruments or obligations to which the Company or each such Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or each such Subsidiary or any property or asset of the Company or each such Subsidiary is bound. Except as set forth in Section 3.6(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no proceedings pending, or to the knowledge of the Company threatened before or by any Governmental Authority or any pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened inquiries or investigations by any Governmental Authority, with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

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          (c) None of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any director, officer, agent, or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, has directly or indirectly (i) made any contribution, gift, bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback, or other payment to any person, private or public, regardless of form, whether in money, property, or services (A) to obtain favorable treatment in securing business, (B) to pay for favorable treatment for business secured, (C) to obtain special concessions or for special concessions already obtained, for or in respect of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (D) in violation of Laws, or (ii) established or maintained any fund or asset that has not been recorded in the books and records of the Company or its Subsidiaries.

     Section 3.7 SEC Filings; Financial Statements .

          (a) The Company has filed or furnished, as the case may be, all forms, reports and documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") since January 31, 2004 (such forms, reports and other documents, collectively, the "Company SEC Reports"). The Company SEC Reports (i) were prepared in accordance in all material respects with either the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) did not, at the time they were filed, or, if amended or supplemented, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. There are no outstanding comment letters or requests for information from the SEC with respect to any Company SEC Report. No Subsidiary is required to file any form, report or other document with the SEC.

          (b) Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each case, any notes thereto) contained in the Company SEC Reports was prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods indicated (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto or, in the case of unaudited interim statements, the omission of footnotes and otherwise as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC) and each fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as at the respective dates thereof and for the respective periods indicated therein, except as otherwise noted therein.

          (c) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any liability or obligation of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that would be required to be reflected, reserved for or disclosed in a consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, including the notes thereto, prepared as of the date of this Agreement in accordance with GAAP and consistent with the consolidated balance sheet of the Company and the consolidated Subsidiaries as at January 31, 2006, including the notes thereto (the "Latest Balance Sheet"), except for (i) liabilities and obligations that are reflected, reserved for or disclosed in the Latest Balance Sheet or in the consolidated balance sheet of the Company and the consolidated Subsidiaries as at October 31, 2006, including the notes thereto, (ii) liabilities and obligations that are incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since January 31, 2006, (iii) liabilities and obligations that have not had, or which would not

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reasonably be expected to have either individually or in the aggregate a Company Material Adverse Effect, or (iv) as set forth in Section 3.7(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule.

          (d) The Company has timely filed all certifications and statements required by (x) Rule 13a-14 or Rule 15d-14 under the Exchange Act or (y) 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) with respect to any Company SEC Report. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act; such controls and procedures are designed to ensure and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that all material information concerning the Company and its Subsidiaries is made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company’s SEC filings and other public disclosure documents. As used in this Section 3.7, the term "file" shall be broadly construed to include any manner in which a document or information is furnished, supplied or otherwise made available to the SEC.

          (e) The Company has disclosed, based on prior evaluations of such disclosure controls and procedures prior to the date hereof, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company Board (i) any significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting that could adversely affect in any material respect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information, and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. The Company has made available to Parent a summary of any such disclosure by management to the Company’s auditors and audit committee since the Latest Balance Sheet.

          (f) The Company has never incurred and does not reasonably expect to incur a charge to earnings due to the failure to report in the appropriate fiscal period the expense related to the issuance of a stock option with an exercise price lower than the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant. The Company does not have any program or practice in place to (i) time stock option grants to employees or directors with the release of material non-public information in a manner intended to improperly favor employees or directors or (ii) set the exercise prices in coordination with such release in a manner intended to improperly favor employees or directors.

     Section 3.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since October 31, 2006, except as set forth in Section 3.8 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, or as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, (a) the Company and the Subsidiaries have conducted their businesses only in the ordinary course and in a manner consistent with past practice, (b) there has not been any Company Material Adverse Effect, and (c) none of the Company or any Subsidiary has taken any action that, if taken after the date of this Agreement, would constitute a breach of any of the covenants set forth in Section 5.1.

     Section 3.9 Absence of Litigation . Except as set forth in the Company SEC Reports or in Section 3.9 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there is no litigation, suit, claim, action, proceeding or investigation (which investigation has been communicated to the Company or of which the Company has knowledge) (an "Action") pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary, or any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary, before any Governmental Authority. Except as set forth in Section

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3.9 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject to any continuing order of, consent decree, settlement agreement or other similar written agreement (an "Order") with, or, to the knowledge of the Company, continuing investigation by, any Governmental Authority, or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination or award of any Governmental Authority.

     Section 3.10 Employee Benefit Plans .

          (a) Section 3.10(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all employee benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA")) and all bonus, stock option, stock purchase, restricted stock, incentive, deferred compensation, retiree medical or life insurance, supplemental retirement, severance or other benefit plans, programs or arrangements, and all employment, retention, termination, severance or other contracts or agreements, whether legally enforceable or not, to which the Company or any organization or other entity with whom the Company is or was treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(a)(14) or (b)(1) of ERISA ("ERISA Affiliate") is a party, with respect to which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate has any obligation or which are or within the six years prior to the date upon which the transactions contemplated in this Agreement will close, have been maintained, contributed to or sponsored by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate for the benefit of any current or former employee, officer or director of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate (collectively, the "Plans"). Except as disclosed in Section 3.10(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate has any express or implied commitment, whether legally enforceable or not, (i) to create, incur liability with respect to or cause to exist any Plan, other employee benefit plan, program or arrangement, (ii) to enter into any contract or agreement to provide compensation or benefits to any individual, or (iii) to modify, change or terminate any Plan, other than with respect to a modification, change or termination required by this Agreement, the Merger, ERISA, the Code or to otherwise comply with applicable Laws. The Company has expressly reserved its right to amend or terminate each Plan.

          (b) Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate (including any entity that during the past six years was a ERISA Affiliate) has now or at any time contributed to, sponsored, or maintained (i) a pension plan (within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA) subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA, (ii) a multiemployer plan (within the meaning of Section 3(37) or 4001(a)(3) of ERISA) (a "Multiemployer Plan"), or (iii) a single employer pension plan (within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(15) of ERISA) for which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate could incur liability under Section 4063 or 4064 of ERISA (a "Multiple Employer Plan"). No condition exists and no event has occurred that could constitute grounds for termination of any Plan, and neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or reasonably expect to incur, any material liability under Title IV of ERISA arising in connection with the termination of, or complete or partial withdrawal from, any plan covered or previously covered by Title IV of ERISA. No "accumulated funding deficiency," as defined in Section 412 of the Code, has been incurred with respect to any Employee Plan, whether or not waived. No "reportable event," within the meaning of Section 4043 of ERISA, and no event described in Section 4041, 4042, 4062 or 4063 of ERISA has occurred in connection with any

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Employee Plan. Except as disclosed in Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, no Plan exists that (A) provides for the payment of separation, severance, termination or similar-type benefits to any person, (B) obligates the Company or any ERISA Affiliate to pay separation, severance, termination or similar-type benefits solely or partially as a result of any transaction contemplated by this Agreement, or (C) could result in the payment to any present or former employee, director or consultant of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate of any money or other property or accelerate or provide any other special vesting or other rights or benefits to any current or former employee of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate as a result of the consummation of the Merger (whether alone or in connection with any subsequent event). Except as disclosed in Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there is no contract, plan or arrangement covering any current or former employee of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate that, individually or collectively, could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be deductible, including without limitation, pursuant to the terms of Section 280G of the Code. Except to the extent required under ERISA Section 601 et. seq . and Code Section 4980B, none of the Plans provides for or promises medical, group health, disability or retiree life insurance benefits for a period following retirement or other termination of employment to any current or former employee, officer or director of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate. Except as disclosed in Section 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, each of the Plans is subject only to the Laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof.

          (c) Except as disclosed in Section 3.10(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, each Plan has been operated in all material respects in accordance with its terms and the requirements of all applicable Laws including,