|
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
by and among
CGEA Holdings, Inc.,
CGEA Investor, Inc.
and
ElkCorp
Dated as of December 18, 2006
.
Table
of Contents
Page
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
|
Section
|
|
1.1
|
|
The Merger
|
|
1
|
|
Section
|
|
1.2
|
|
Closing
|
|
1
|
|
Section
|
|
1.3
|
|
Effective Time
|
|
2
|
|
Section
|
|
1.4
|
|
Effects of the Merger
|
|
2
|
|
Section
|
|
1.5
|
|
Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of
the Surviving Corporation
|
|
2
|
|
Section
|
|
1.6
|
|
Directors
|
|
2
|
|
Section
|
|
1.7
|
|
Officers
|
|
2
|
ARTICLE II
CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF
CERTIFICATES
|
Section
|
|
2.1
|
|
Effect on Capital Stock
|
|
2
|
|
Section
|
|
2.2
|
|
Exchange of Certificates
|
|
4
|
|
Section
|
|
2.3
|
|
Treatment of Stock Options and Other
Stock-Based Awards
|
|
6
|
|
Section
|
|
2.4
|
|
Further Actions
|
|
7
|
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
|
Section
|
|
3.1
|
|
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries,
etc.
|
|
7
|
|
Section
|
|
3.2
|
|
Capital Stock
|
|
8
|
|
Section
|
|
3.3
|
|
Subsidiaries; Investments
|
|
9
|
|
Section
|
|
3.4
|
|
Corporate Authority Relative to This
Agreement; No Violation
|
|
9
|
|
Section
|
|
3.5
|
|
Reports and Financial Statements
|
|
11
|
|
Section
|
|
3.6
|
|
Internal Controls and Procedures
|
|
11
|
|
Section
|
|
3.7
|
|
No Undisclosed Liabilities
|
|
12
|
|
Section
|
|
3.8
|
|
Compliance with Law; Permits
|
|
12
|
|
Section
|
|
3.9
|
|
Environmental Laws and Regulations
|
|
13
|
|
Section
|
|
3.10
|
|
Employee Benefit Plans
|
|
14
|
|
Section
|
|
3.11
|
|
Absence of Certain Changes or Events
|
|
15
|
|
Section
|
|
3.12
|
|
Investigations; Litigation
|
|
16
|
|
Section
|
|
3.13
|
|
Proxy Statement; Other Information
|
|
16
|
|
Section
|
|
3.14
|
|
Rights Plan
|
|
16
|
|
Section
|
|
3.15
|
|
Tax Matters
|
|
16
|
|
Section
|
|
3.16
|
|
Labor Matters
|
|
18
|
|
Section
|
|
3.17
|
|
Intellectual Property
|
|
18
|
|
Section
|
|
3.18
|
|
Property
|
|
19
|
|
Section
|
|
3.19
|
|
Opinion of Financial Advisors
|
|
19
|
-i-
Table
of Contents (continued)
Page
|
Section
|
|
3.20
|
|
Required Vote of the Company
Stockholders
|
|
19
|
|
Section
|
|
3.21
|
|
Contracts
|
|
19
|
|
Section
|
|
3.22
|
|
Finders or Brokers
|
|
20
|
|
Section
|
|
3.23
|
|
Interested Party Transactions
|
|
20
|
|
Section
|
|
3.24
|
|
Insurance
|
|
20
|
|
Section
|
|
3.25
|
|
Customers and Suppliers
|
|
21
|
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND
MERGER SUB
|
Section
|
|
4.1
|
|
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries,
etc.
|
|
21
|
|
Section
|
|
4.2
|
|
Corporate Authority Relative to This
Agreement; No Violation
|
|
21
|
|
Section
|
|
4.3
|
|
Investigations; Litigation
|
|
22
|
|
Section
|
|
4.4
|
|
Proxy Statement; Other Information
|
|
23
|
|
Section
|
|
4.5
|
|
Financing
|
|
23
|
|
Section
|
|
4.6
|
|
Guarantee
|
|
23
|
|
Section
|
|
4.7
|
|
Capitalization of Merger Sub
|
|
24
|
|
Section
|
|
4.8
|
|
No Vote of Parent Stockholders
|
|
24
|
|
Section
|
|
4.9
|
|
Finders or Brokers
|
|
24
|
|
Section
|
|
4.10
|
|
No Additional Representations
|
|
24
|
|
Section
|
|
4.11
|
|
Certain Arrangements
|
|
24
|
ARTICLE V
COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS
|
Section
|
|
5.1
|
|
Conduct of Business by the Company and
Parent
|
|
25
|
|
Section
|
|
5.2
|
|
Access
|
|
28
|
|
Section
|
|
5.3
|
|
No Solicitation
|
|
29
|
|
Section
|
|
5.4
|
|
Filings; Other Actions
|
|
31
|
|
Section
|
|
5.5
|
|
Employee Matters
|
|
32
|
|
Section
|
|
5.6
|
|
Efforts
|
|
34
|
|
Section
|
|
5.7
|
|
Takeover Statute
|
|
36
|
|
Section
|
|
5.8
|
|
Public Announcements
|
|
36
|
|
Section
|
|
5.9
|
|
Indemnification and Insurance
|
|
36
|
|
Section
|
|
5.10
|
|
Control of Operations
|
|
38
|
|
Section
|
|
5.11
|
|
Financing
|
|
38
|
|
Section
|
|
5.12
|
|
Stockholder Litigation
|
|
40
|
|
Section
|
|
5.13
|
|
Notification of Certain Matters
|
|
40
|
|
Section
|
|
5.14
|
|
Private Placement Notes
|
|
41
|
-ii-
Table
of Contents (continued)
Page
ARTICLE VI
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
|
Section
|
|
6.1
|
|
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation
to Effect the Merger
|
|
42
|
|
Section
|
|
6.2
|
|
Conditions to Obligation of the Company to
Effect the Merger
|
|
42
|
|
Section
|
|
6.3
|
|
Conditions to Obligations of Parent and
Merger Sub to Effect the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merger
|
|
43
|
|
Section
|
|
6.4
|
|
Frustration of Closing Conditions
|
|
43
|
ARTICLE VII
TERMINATION
|
Section
|
|
7.1
|
|
Termination or Abandonment
|
|
44
|
|
Section
|
|
7.2
|
|
Effect of Termination
|
|
45
|
|
Section
|
|
7.3
|
|
Termination Fees
|
|
45
|
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
|
Section
|
|
8.1
|
|
No Survival of Representations and
Warranties
|
|
48
|
|
Section
|
|
8.2
|
|
Expenses
|
|
48
|
|
Section
|
|
8.3
|
|
Counterparts; Effectiveness
|
|
48
|
|
Section
|
|
8.4
|
|
Governing Law
|
|
48
|
|
Section
|
|
8.5
|
|
Jurisdiction; Enforcement
|
|
48
|
|
Section
|
|
8.6
|
|
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
|
|
49
|
|
Section
|
|
8.7
|
|
Notices
|
|
49
|
|
Section
|
|
8.8
|
|
Assignment; Binding Effect
|
|
50
|
|
Section
|
|
8.9
|
|
Severability
|
|
51
|
|
Section
|
|
8.10
|
|
Entire Agreement; No Third-Party
Beneficiaries
|
|
51
|
|
Section
|
|
8.11
|
|
Amendments; Waivers
|
|
51
|
|
Section
|
|
8.12
|
|
Headings
|
|
51
|
|
Section
|
|
8.13
|
|
Interpretation
|
|
51
|
|
Section
|
|
8.14
|
|
No Recourse
|
|
52
|
|
Section
|
|
8.15
|
|
Definitions
|
|
52
|
ANNEXES
Annex I – Financing Commitments
Annex II – Form of Guarantee
-iii-
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of December 18, 2006
(this " Agreement "), among CGEA Holdings, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (" Parent "), CGEA Investor, Inc., a Delaware
corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("
Merger Sub "), and ElkCorp, a Delaware corporation (the "
Company ").
WHEREAS, the
parties intend that Merger Sub be merged with and into the Company
(the " Merger "), with the Company surviving the Merger as a
wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.
WHEREAS, the
Board of Directors of the Company, acting upon the recommendation
of a special committee of independent directors of the Company (the
" Special Committee "), has (i) determined that it is
in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and
declared it advisable, to enter into this Agreement, (ii) approved
the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, and
(iii) resolved to recommend adoption of this Agreement by the
stockholders of the Company.
WHEREAS, the
Boards of Directors of Parent and Merger Sub have approved this
Agreement and declared it advisable for Parent and Merger Sub,
respectively, to enter into this Agreement.
WHEREAS,
Parent, Merger Sub and the Company desire to make certain
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements specified
herein in connection with this Agreement.
NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained
herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent, Merger
Sub and the Company agree as follows:
Section 1.1
The Merger . On the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the " DGCL "), at
the Effective Time, Merger Sub will merge with and into the
Company, whereupon the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub
will cease, and the Company will continue its corporate existence
under Delaware law as the surviving corporation in the Merger (the
" Surviving Corporation ") and a wholly owned subsidiary of
Parent.
Section 1.2
Closing . The closing of the Merger (the " Closing ")
shall take place at the offices of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP,
919 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022 at 10:00 a.m., local
time, on a date (the " Closing Date ") which shall be the
second Business Day after the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent
permitted by applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in Article
VI (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be
satisfied by actions to be taken at the Closing, but subject to the
satisfaction or waiver of such
conditions), or at such
other place, date and time as the Company and Parent may agree in
writing.
Section 1.3
Effective Time . Subject to the provisions of this
Agreement, at the Closing, the Company will cause a certificate of
merger (the " Certificate of Merger ") to be executed,
acknowledged and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware in accordance with Section 251 of the DGCL. The Merger
will become effective at such time as the Certificate of Merger has
been duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware or at such later date or time as may be agreed by the
Company and Merger Sub in writing and specified in the Certificate
of Merger in accordance with the DGCL (the effective time of the
Merger being hereinafter referred to as the " Effective Time
").
Section 1.4
Effects of the Merger . The Merger shall have the effects
set forth in this Agreement and the applicable provisions of the
DGCL.
Section 1.5
Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving
Corporation . Subject to Section 5.9, at the Effective Time,
(a) the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation
shall be amended to read in its entirety as the certificate of
incorporation of Merger Sub read immediately prior to the Effective
Time, except that the name of the Surviving Corporation shall be
Elk Corporation or ElkCorp and the provision in the certificate of
incorporation of Merger Sub naming its incorporator shall be
omitted, and (b) the by-laws of the Surviving Corporation shall be
amended so as to read in their entirety as the bylaws of Merger Sub
as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, until
thereafter amended in accordance with applicable Law, except that
the references to Merger Sub’s name shall be replaced by
references to Elk Corporation or ElkCorp.
Section 1.6
Directors . Subject to applicable Law, the directors of
Merger Sub as of the Effective Time shall be the initial directors
of the Surviving Corporation and shall hold office until their
respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or their
earlier death, resignation or removal.
Section 1.7
Officers . The officers of the Company as of the Effective
Time shall be the initial officers of the Surviving Corporation and
shall hold office until their respective successors are duly
elected and qualified, or their earlier death, resignation or
removal.
CONVERSION OF SHARES;
EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
Section 2.1
Effect on Capital Stock . At the Effective Time, by virtue
of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Company,
Merger Sub or the holders of any securities of the Company or
Merger Sub:
(a)
Conversion of Common Stock . Each share of common stock, par
value $1.00 per share, of the Company outstanding immediately prior
to the Effective Time (such shares, together, unless the context
clearly otherwise requires, with the associated Rights,
collectively, the "Common Stock", and each, a " Share "),
other than Shares to be cancelled pursuant to Section 2.1(b) and
other than Dissenting Shares, shall be converted
automatically
-2-
into and shall
thereafter represent the right to receive $38.00 in cash (the "
Merger Consideration "). All Shares that have been
converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration as
provided in this Section 2.1 shall be automatically cancelled and
shall cease to exist, and the holders of certificates which
immediately prior to the Effective Time represented such Shares
shall cease to have any rights with respect to such Shares other
than the right to receive the Merger Consideration and the right to
receive any then unpaid dividend or other distribution with respect
to such Shares having a record date before the Effective
Time.
(b) Parent
and Merger Sub-Owned Shares . Each Share that is owned,
directly or indirectly, by Parent or Merger Sub immediately prior
to the Effective Time or held by the Company immediately prior to
the Effective Time (in each case, other than any such Shares held
on behalf of third parties) (the " Cancelled Shares ") shall
by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the
holder thereof, be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist,
and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange for such
cancellation and retirement.
(c)
Conversion of Merger Sub Common Stock . At the Effective
Time and by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part
of the holder thereof, each share of common stock, par value $0.01
per share, of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior
to the Effective Time shall be converted into and become one
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock,
par value $0.01 per share, of the Surviving Corporation with the
same rights, powers and privileges as the shares so converted and
shall constitute the only outstanding shares of capital stock of
the Surviving Corporation. From and after the Effective Time, all
certificates representing the common stock of Merger Sub shall be
deemed for all purposes to represent the number of shares of common
stock of the Surviving Corporation into which they were converted
in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(d)
Dissenters’ Rights . Any provision of this Agreement
to the contrary notwithstanding, if required by the DGCL (but only
to the extent required thereby), Shares that are issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than
Cancelled Shares) and that are held by holders of such Shares who
have not voted in favor of the adoption of this Agreement or
consented thereto in writing and who are entitled to demand and who
have properly exercised appraisal rights with respect thereto in
accordance with, and who have complied with, Section 262 of the
DGCL (the " Dissenting Shares ") will not be converted into
the right to receive the Merger Consideration, but instead holders
of such Dissenting Shares will be entitled to receive payment of
the appraised value of such Dissenting Shares in accordance with
the provisions of such Section 262 unless and until any such holder
fails to perfect or effectively withdraws or loses its rights to
appraisal and payment under the DGCL. If, after the Effective Time,
any such holder fails to perfect or effectively withdraws or loses
such right, such Dissenting Shares will thereupon be treated as if
they had been converted into and have become exchangeable for, at
the Effective Time, the right to receive the Merger Consideration,
without any interest thereon, and the Surviving Corporation shall
remain liable for payment of the Merger Consideration for such
Shares. At the Effective Time, any holder of Dissenting Shares
shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the
rights provided in Section 262 of the DGCL and as provided in the
previous sentence. The Company will give Parent (i) prompt notice
of any demands received by the Company for appraisals of Shares,
attempted withdrawals of such demands and any other instruments
served pursuant to the DGCL and received by the Company relating to
stockholders’ rights of appraisal and (ii) the opportunity to
participate in all
-3-
negotiations and
proceedings with respect to such notices and demands. The Company
shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent,
voluntarily make any payment with respect to any demands for
appraisal or settle, or offer to agree to settle, any such
demands.
(e)
Adjustments . If at any time during the period between the
date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, any change in the
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, or securities
convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for shares of
capital stock, shall occur as a result of any reclassification,
recapitalization, stock split (including a reverse stock split) or
subdivision or combination, exchange or readjustment of shares, or
any stock dividend or stock distribution with a record date during
such period (excluding, in each case, normal quarterly cash
dividends), merger or other similar transaction, the Merger
Consideration shall be equitably adjusted to reflect such change;
provided that nothing herein shall be construed to permit the
Company to take any action with respect to its securities that is
prohibited by the terms of this Agreement.
Section 2.2 Exchange of
Certificates .
(a) Paying
Agent . At or prior to the Effective Time, Parent shall
deposit, or shall cause to be deposited, with a U.S. bank or trust
company that shall be appointed by Parent, and approved in advance
by the Company in writing (such approval not to be unreasonably
withheld) to act as a paying agent hereunder (and pursuant to an
agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Parent and
the Company) (the " Paying Agent "), in trust for the
benefit of holders of the Shares, the Company Stock Options and the
Performance Shares, cash in U.S. dollars sufficient to pay (i) the
aggregate Merger Consideration in exchange for all of the Shares
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the
Cancelled Shares), payable upon due surrender of the certificates
that immediately prior to the Effective Time represented Shares ("
Certificates ") (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu
thereof) or non-certificated Shares represented by book-entry ("
Book-Entry Shares ") pursuant to the provisions of this
Article II and (ii) the Option and Stock-Based Consideration
payable pursuant to Section 2.3 (such cash referred to in
subsections (a)(i) and (a)(ii) being hereinafter referred to as the
" Exchange Fund ").
(i) As soon as
reasonably practicable after the Effective Time and in any event
not later than the third Business Day following the Closing Date,
the Paying Agent shall mail (x) to each holder of record of Shares
whose Shares were converted into the Merger Consideration pursuant
to Section 2.1, (A) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify
that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to
Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of Certificates (or
effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares
to the Paying Agent and shall be in such form and have such other
provisions as Parent and the Company may mutually agree), and (B)
instructions for use in effecting the surrender of Certificates (or
effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares
in exchange for the Merger Consideration and (y) to each holder of
a Company Stock Option or a Performance Share, a check in an amount
due and payable to such holder pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof in
respect of such Company Stock Option or Performance
Share.
-4-
(ii) Upon surrender of Certificates (or effective
affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares to the
Paying Agent together with such letter of transmittal, duly
completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions
thereto, and such other documents as may customarily be required by
the Paying Agent, the holder of such Certificates or Book-Entry
Shares shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a check in
an amount equal to the product of (x) the number of Shares
represented by such holder’s properly surrendered
Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or
Book-Entry Shares and (y) the Merger Consideration. No interest
will be paid or accrued on any amount payable upon due surrender of
Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or
Book-Entry Shares. In the event of a transfer of ownership of
Shares that is not registered in the transfer records of the
Company, a check for any cash to be paid upon due surrender of the
Certificate may be paid to such a transferee if the Certificate
formerly representing such Shares is presented to the Paying Agent,
accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect such
transfer and to evidence that any applicable stock transfer Taxes
have been paid or are not applicable.
(iii) Parent, the Surviving Corporation and the Paying
Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the
consideration otherwise payable under this Agreement to any holder
of Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Restricted
Shares) or holder of Company Stock Options or Performance Shares,
such amounts as are required to be withheld or deducted under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the " Code "),
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or any provision
of U.S. state or local Tax Law with respect to the making of such
payment. To the extent that amounts are so withheld or deducted and
paid over to the applicable Governmental Entity, such withheld or
deducted amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this
Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares or holder
of the Company Stock Options or Performance Shares, in respect of
which such deduction and withholding were made.
(c) Closing
of Transfer Books . At the Effective Time, the stock transfer
books of the Company shall be closed, and there shall be no further
registration of transfers on the stock transfer books of the
Surviving Corporation of the Shares that were outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective
Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation or
Parent for transfer, they shall be cancelled and exchanged for a
check in the proper amount pursuant to this Article II.
(d)
Termination of Exchange Fund . Any portion of the Exchange
Fund (including the proceeds of any investments thereof) that
remains undistributed to the former holders of Shares for one year
after the Effective Time shall be delivered to Surviving
Corporation upon demand, and any former holders of Shares who have
not surrendered their Shares in accordance with this Section 2.2
shall thereafter look only to the Surviving Corporation for payment
of their claim for the Merger Consideration, without any interest
thereon, upon due surrender of their Shares.
(e) No
Liability . Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
none of the Company, Parent, Merger Sub, the Surviving Corporation,
the Paying Agent or any other person shall be liable to any former
holder of Shares for any amount properly delivered to a public
official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or
similar Law.
-5-
(f) Investment of Exchange Fund . The
Paying Agent shall invest all cash included in the Exchange Fund as
reasonably directed by Parent; provided , however, that any
investment of such cash shall be limited to direct short-term
obligations of, or short-term obligations fully guaranteed as to
principal and interest by, the U.S. government. Any interest and
other income resulting from such investments shall be paid to the
Surviving Corporation pursuant to Section 2.2(d) .
(g) Lost
Certificates . In the case of any Certificate that has been
lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that
fact by the person claiming such Certificate to be lost, stolen or
destroyed and, if required by the Paying Agent, the posting by such
person of a bond in customary amount as indemnity against any claim
that may be made against it with respect to such Certificate, the
Paying Agent will issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or
destroyed Certificate a check in the amount of the number of Shares
represented by such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate
multiplied by the Merger Consideration.
Section 2.3 Treatment of Stock
Options and Other Stock-Based Awards .
(a) Except as
otherwise agreed in writing by Parent and the applicable holder
thereof, each option to purchase Shares (collectively, the "
Company Stock Options ") granted under the employee and
director stock plans of the Company (the " Company Stock
Plans "), whether vested or unvested, that is outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time will at the Effective Time
be cancelled and the holder of such Company Stock Option will, in
full settlement of such Company Stock Option, receive from the
Surviving Corporation an amount (subject to any applicable
withholding tax) in cash equal to the product of (x) the excess, if
any, of the Merger Consideration over the exercise price per Share
of such Company Stock Option multiplied by (y) the total number of
Shares subject to such Company Stock Option (the aggregate amount
of such cash hereinafter referred to as the " Option
Consideration ").
(b) Except as
otherwise agreed in writing by Parent and the applicable holder
thereof, immediately prior to the Effective Time, each award of
restricted Common Stock granted under the Company Stock Plans (the
" Restricted Shares ") shall vest in full and be converted
into the right to receive the Merger Consideration as provided in
Section 2.1(a) .
(c) Except as
otherwise agreed in writing by Parent and the applicable holder
thereof, at the Effective Time, each performance share based on
shares of Common Stock granted under the Company Stock Plans (the "
Performance Shares "), whether vested or unvested, which is
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed
to be earned at the level set forth in the applicable Company Stock
Plan and applicable award agreement, shall become fully vested and
shall entitle the holder thereof to receive, at the Effective Time,
an amount in cash equal to the Merger Consideration in respect of
each Share earned with respect to the Performance Shares (subject
to any applicable withholding taxes) (the aggregate amount of such
cash, together with the Option Consideration, hereinafter referred
to as the " Option and Stock-Based Consideration
").
(d) Prior to
the Effective Time, the Company will adopt such resolutions as may
reasonably be required in its discretion to effectuate the actions
contemplated by this Section 2.3.
-6-
Section 2.4 Further Actions . The Company
shall take or cause to be taken on or prior to December 31, 2006
any and all action reasonably necessary, including by amending the
Company Stock Plans, to permit the exchange of Company Stock
Options, Restricted Shares or Performance Shares for Parent equity
awards pursuant to the agreements between Parent and the applicable
holder of a Company Stock Option, Restricted Share or Performance
Share referred to in Section 2.3, in each case to the extent
consistent with such plans, agreements and applicable
Law.
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except (i) as
disclosed in the Company SEC Documents filed on or after June 30,
2006 and prior to the date of this Agreement (excluding any
disclosures set forth in any risk factor section thereof or in any
section relating to or containing forward looking statements) or
(ii) as disclosed in the disclosure schedule delivered by the
Company to Parent immediately prior to the execution of this
Agreement (the "Company Disclosure Letter", it being agreed that
disclosure of any item in any section of the Company Disclosure
Letter shall also be deemed disclosure with respect to any other
section of this Agreement to which the relevance of such item is
reasonably apparent on its face), the Company represents and
warrants to Parent and Merger Sub as follows:
Section 3.1 Qualification,
Organization, Subsidiaries, etc .
(a) Each of
the Company and its Subsidiaries is a legal entity duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its
respective jurisdiction of organization. Each of the Company and
its Subsidiaries has all requisite corporate or similar power and
authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and
to carry on its business as presently conducted and is qualified to
do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in
each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or operation of its
assets or properties or conduct of its business requires such
qualification, except where the failure to have such power or
authority, would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Each of
the Company and its Subsidiaries is qualified to do business and is
in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction
where the ownership, leasing or operation of its assets or
properties or conduct of its business requires such qualification,
except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Company
Material Adverse Effect. The organizational or governing documents
of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries, as previously provided
to Parent, are in full force and effect.
(c) As used in
this Agreement, any reference to any fact, circumstance, event,
change, effect or occurrence having a "Company Material Adverse
Effect" means any fact, circumstance, event, change, effect or
occurrence that has or would be reasonably likely to have a
material adverse effect on the business, results of operation or
financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole, but, in any case, shall not include facts,
-7-
circumstances, events,
changes, effects or occurrences (i) generally affecting the
industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate
(including general pricing changes), or the economy or the
financial or securities markets in the United States or elsewhere
in the world (including any regulatory and political conditions or
developments, or any outbreak or escalation of hostilities,
declared or undeclared acts of war or terrorism), except to the
extent any fact, circumstance, event, change, effect or occurrence
that, relative to other industry participants, disproportionately
impacts the assets, properties, business, results of operation or
financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole, (ii) resulting from the announcement of (A) the proposal of
the Merger or (B) this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby or (iii) resulting from any litigation related to this
Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby brought by
shareholders of the Company; and provided that any failure
to meet internal or published projections, forecasts or revenue or
earning predictions for any period shall not, in and of itself,
constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.2 Capital Stock
.
(a) The
authorized share capital of the Company consists of 100,000,000
shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock (the
" Preferred Stock "). As of December 15, 2006, there were
(i) 20,610,111 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding
(including 132,564 unvested Restricted Shares granted under the
2004 Amended and Restated ElkCorp Equity Incentive Compensation
Plan (the " 2004 Plan ") and the 2002 ElkCorp Equity
Incentive Compensation Plan (the " 2002 Plan ") and no
shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, (ii) Company
Stock Options granted under the 2004 Plan, the 2002 Plan, the Elcor
Corporation 1998 Amended and Restated Incentive Stock Option Plan
(the " 1998 Plan "), and the Elcor Corporation 1993
Incentive Stock Option Plan (the " 1993 Plan "),
collectively, to purchase an aggregate of 1,357,419 shares of
Common Stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $24.05 per
share, issued and outstanding, (iii) 581,700 shares subject to
outstanding Performance Share awards (at the maximum 150% Target
level) and (iv) 66,007 shares of Common Stock available for future
awards under the 2004 Plan. Other than Company Stock Options
granted under the 2004 Plan, the 2002 Plan, the 1998 Plan, and the
1993 Plan, and unvested Restricted Shares granted under the 2002
Plan and the 2004 Plan, there are no Company Stock Options, and no
unvested Restricted Shares issued and outstanding. All outstanding
Shares are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable, and are not subject to and were not issued in
violation of any preemptive or similar right, purchase option, call
or right of first refusal or similar right.
(b) Except as
set forth in subsection (a) above, as of the date hereof, (i) the
Company does not have any shares of its capital stock issued or
outstanding other than shares of Common Stock that have become
outstanding after December 15, 2006, which were reserved for
issuance as of December 15, 2006 as set forth in subsection (a)
above, and (ii) except as set forth in the Rights Agreement, dated
as of July 7, 1998, as amended to the date hereof, between the
Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC (formerly ChaseMellon
Shareholder Services, L.L.C.), as Rights Agent (the " Rights
Agreement "), there are no outstanding subscriptions, options,
warrants, calls, convertible securities or other similar rights,
agreements or commitments relating to the issuance of capital stock
to which the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries is
a party obligating the Company or any of the Company’s
Subsidiaries to (A) issue, transfer or sell any shares of capital
stock or other equity interests of the Company
-8-
or any Subsidiary of
the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such
shares or equity interests, (B) grant, extend or enter into any
such subscription, option, warrant, call, convertible securities or
other similar right, agreement or arrangement, (C) redeem or
otherwise acquire any such shares of capital stock or other equity
interests, or (D) provide a material amount of funds to, or make
any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital
contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary. Except for the
issuance of shares of Common Stock that were available for issuance
as set forth in subsection (a) above, and except for regular
quarterly cash dividends as publicly disclosed, from December 15,
2006 to the date hereof, the Company has not declared or paid any
dividend or distribution in respect of the Common Stock, and has
not issued, sold, repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired any
Common Stock, and its Board of Directors has not authorized any of
the foregoing.
(c) Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has outstanding bonds,
debentures, notes or, other than as referred to in Sections 3.2(a)
and 3.2(b), other securities, the holders of which have the right
to vote (or which are convertible into or exercisable for
securities having the right to vote) with the stockholders of the
Company on any matter.
(d) There are
no stockholder agreements, voting trusts or other agreements or
understandings to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a
party with respect to the voting of the capital stock or other
equity interest of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
Section 3.3 Subsidiaries;
Investments .
(a) Section
3.3 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a complete and
correct list of each "significant subsidiary" of the Company as
such term is defined in Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC
(each, a " Significant Subsidiary "). Section 3.3 of the
Company Disclosure Letter also sets forth the jurisdiction of
organization and percentage of outstanding equity interests
(including partnership interests and limited liability company
interests) owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries of each
Significant Subsidiary. All equity interests (including partnership
interests and limited liability company interests) of the
Company’s Significant Subsidiaries held by the Company or any
other Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and are
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and were not issued
in violation of any preemptive or similar rights, purchase option,
call or right of first refusal or similar rights. All such equity
interests owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries are free and
clear of any Liens, other than restrictions imposed by applicable
Law.
(b) Except as
set forth in Section 3.3 of the Company Disclosure Letter, neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries owns any shares of capital
stock or other equity interests in (including any securities
exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into capital stock
or other voting or equity interests in) any other
Person.
Section 3.4 Corporate Authority
Relative to This Agreement; No Violation .
(a) The
Company has requisite corporate power and authority to enter into
this Agreement and, subject to receipt of the Company Stockholder
Approval, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The
Board of Directors of the Company, acting upon the unanimous
recommendation of the Special Committee, at a duly called and held
meeting, has
-9-
unanimously (with
Thomas D. Karol and Richard A. Nowak abstaining) adopted
resolutions (i) determining that the terms of the Merger and the
other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are fair and in
the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and
declaring it advisable, to enter into this Agreement, (ii)
approving the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby,
including the Merger, and (iii) resolving to recommend that the
stockholders of the Company approve the adoption of this Agreement
(the " Recommendation ") and directing that such matter be
submitted for consideration of the stockholders of the Company at
the Company Meeting. Except for the Company Stockholder Approval
and the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware, no other corporate proceedings on
the part of the Company are necessary to authorize the consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been
duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and,
assuming this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement
of Parent and Merger Sub, constitutes the valid and binding
agreement of the Company, enforceable against the Company in
accordance with its terms.
(b) The
execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement and the consummation of the Merger by the Company do not
and will not require any consent, approval, authorization or permit
of, action by, filing with or notification to any United States or
foreign governmental or regulatory agency, commission, court, body,
entity or authority (each, a " Governmental Entity "), other
than (i) the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary
of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the DGCL, (ii)
compliance with the applicable requirements of the HSR Act, (iii)
compliance with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act,
including the filing of the Proxy Statement, (iv) compliance with
the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange, (v)
compliance with any applicable foreign or state securities or blue
sky laws, and (vi) the other consents and/or notices set forth on
Section 3.3(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter (collectively,
clauses (i) through (vi), the " Specified Approvals
"), and other than any consent, approval, authorization, permit,
action, filing or notification the failure of which to make or
obtain would not (A) individually or in the aggregate, have a
Company Material Adverse Effect or (B) prevent or materially delay
the consummation of the Merger.
(c) Assuming
compliance with the matters referenced in Section 3.3(b), receipt
of the Specified Approvals and the receipt of the Company
Stockholder Approval, the execution, delivery and performance by
the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company
of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby do not
and will not (i) contravene or conflict with the organizational or
governing documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii)
contravene or conflict with or constitute a violation of any
provision of any Law binding upon or applicable to the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or
assets, or (iii) result in any violation of, or default (with or
without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a
right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any material
obligation or to the loss of a material benefit under any loan,
guarantee of indebtedness or credit agreement, note, bond,
mortgage, indenture, lease, agreement, contract, instrument,
permit, concession, franchise, right or license binding upon the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or result in the creation of any
Lien (other than Permitted Liens) upon any of the properties or
assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than, in
the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), any such violation, conflict,
default, termination, cancellation, acceleration, right,
-10-
loss or Lien that
would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.5 Reports and
Financial Statements .
(a) The
Company has filed or furnished all forms, documents, statements and
reports required to be filed or furnished prior to the date hereof
by it with the SEC since June 30, 2004 (the forms, documents,
statements and reports filed with the SEC since June 30, 2004 and
those filed with the SEC subsequent to the date of this Agreement,
if any, including any amendments thereto, the " Company SEC
Documents "). As of their respective dates, or, if amended, as
of the date of the last such amendment prior to the date hereof,
the Company SEC Documents complied, and each of the Company SEC
Documents filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement will
comply, in all material respects with the applicable requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and
the applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. None
of the Company SEC Documents so filed or that will be filed
subsequent to the date of this Agreement contained or will contain,
as the case may be, any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(b) The
consolidated financial statements (including all related notes and
schedules) of the Company included in the Company SEC Documents (if
amended, as of the date of the last such amendment) fairly present
in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the
Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, as at the respective
dates thereof, and the consolidated results of their operations and
their consolidated cash flows for the respective periods then ended
(subject, in the case of the unaudited statements, to normal
year-end audit adjustments and to any other adjustments described
therein, including the notes thereto) in conformity with GAAP
(except, in the case of the unaudited statements, as permitted by
the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved
(except as may be indicated therein or in the notes
thereto).
Section 3.6
Internal Controls and Procedures . The Company has
established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures and
internal controls over financial reporting (as such terms are
defined in paragraphs (e) and (f), respectively, of Rule 13a-15
under the Exchange Act) as required by Rule 13a-15 under the
Exchange Act. The Company’s disclosure controls and
procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that all material
information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
that it files or furnishes under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods
specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that all such
material information is accumulated and communicated to the
Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure and to make the certifications
required pursuant to Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act. The Company’s management has completed an assessment of
the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over
financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year ended June 30, 2006, and
such assessment concluded that such controls were effective. The
Company has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluations, to the
Company’s outside auditors and the audit committee of the
Company (A) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of
-11-
internal controls over
financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange
Act) which are reasonably likely to adversely affect in any
material respect the Company’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data and (B) any fraud, whether or
not material, that involves management or other employees who have
a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over
financial reporting.
Section 3.7
No Undisclosed Liabilities . Except (a) as reflected or
reserved against in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets
(or the notes thereto) included in the Company SEC Documents filed
after June 30, 2006 and prior to the date hereof, (b) as expressly
permitted or contemplated by this Agreement, (c) for liabilities
and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice since June 30, 2006 and (d) for
liabilities or obligations which have been discharged or paid in
full in the ordinary course of business, neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary of the Company has any liabilities or obligations of
any nature, whether or not accrued, contingent or otherwise,
whether known or unknown and whether due or to become due, that
would, individually or in the aggregate, have a Company Material
Adverse Effect.
Section 3.8 Compliance with
Law; Permits .
(a) The
Company and each of the Company’s Subsidiaries are in
compliance with and are not in default under or in violation of any
applicable federal, state, local or foreign law, statute,
ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, order, injunction, decree or
agency requirement of any Governmental Entity (collectively, "Laws"
and each, a " Law "), except where such non-compliance,
default or violation would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Anything contained in
this Section 3.8(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, no
representation or warranty shall be deemed to be made in this
Section 3.8(a) in respect of the matters referenced in Section 3.5
or 3.6, or in respect of environmental or labor Law matters, each
of which matters is addressed by other sections of this
Agreement.
(b) The
Company and the Company’s Subsidiaries are in possession of
all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits,
easements, variances, exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals
and orders of any Governmental Entity necessary for the Company and
the Company’s Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate their
properties and assets or to carry on their businesses as they are
now being conducted (the " Company Permits "), except where
the failure to have any of the Company Permits would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. All Company Permits are in full force and effect, except
where the failure to be in full force and effect would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. No suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits
is pending or threatened, except where such suspension or
cancellation would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries
are not, and since December 31, 2004 have not been, in violation or
breach of, or default under, any Company Permit, except where such
violation, breach or default would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse Effect. As of the date
of this Agreement, to the knowledge of the Company, no event or
condition has occurred or exists which would result in a violation
of, breach, default or loss of a benefit under, or acceleration of
an obligation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under, any
Company Permit (in each case, with or without notice or lapse of
time or both), except for violations, breaches,
defaults,
-12-
losses or
accelerations that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.9
Environmental Laws and Regulations . Except as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse
Effect, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries have conducted their
respective businesses in compliance with all applicable
Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), (ii) there has been no
release of any Hazardous Substance by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries in any manner that could reasonably be expected to
give rise to any remedial obligation or corrective action
requirement under applicable Environmental Laws, (iii) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written
notices, demand letters or written requests for information from
any Governmental Entity alleging that the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries is in violation of, or liable under, any Environmental
Law, (iv) to the Company’s knowledge no Hazardous Substance
has been disposed of, released or transported in violation of any
applicable Environmental Law, or in a manner giving rise to any
liability under Environmental Law, from any properties while owned
or operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as a result
of any operations or activities of the Company or its Subsidiaries,
(v) neither the Company, or its Subsidiaries nor any of their
respective properties are subject to any liabilities relating to
any suit, settlement, court order, administrative order, regulatory
requirement, judgment or written claim asserted or arising under
any Environmental Law or any agreement relating to environmental
liabilities and (vi) to the knowledge of the Company, neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has ever manufactured
asbestos-containing materials.
(a) As used
herein, "Environmental Law" means any Law relating to (i) the
protection, preservation or restoration of the environment
(including air, water vapor, surface water, groundwater, drinking
water supply, surface land, subsurface land, plant and animal life
or any other natural resource), or (ii) the exposure to, or the
use, storage, recycling, treatment, generation, transportation,
processing, handling, labeling, production, release or disposal of
Hazardous Substances, in each case as in effect at the date
hereof.
(b) As used
herein, "Hazardous Substance" means any substance listed, defined,
designated or classified as hazardous, toxic, radioactive or
dangerous under any Environmental Law. Hazardous Substance includes
any substance to which exposure is regulated by any Governmental
Entity or any Environmental Law including any toxic waste,
pollutant, contaminant, hazardous substance, toxic substance,
hazardous waste, special waste, industrial substance or petroleum
or any derivative or byproduct thereof, radon, radioactive
material, asbestos or asbestos containing material, urea
formaldehyde, foam insulation or polychlorinated
biphenyls.
(c) The
generality of any other representations and warranties in this
Agreement notwithstanding, this Section 3.8 shall be deemed to
contain the only representations and warranties in this Agreement
with respect to Environmental Law, Hazardous Substances and any
other environmental matter.
-13-
Section 3.10 Employee Benefit
Plans .
(a) Section
3.10(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter lists all "multiemployer
plans" within the meaning of 4001(a)(3) of ERISA (each a "
Multiemployer Plan ") to which the Company or its
Subsidiaries contributes, Company Benefit Plans that are employee
welfare plans within the meaning of Section 3(1) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (" ERISA
"), any employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of Section
3(2) of ERISA and all other material Company Benefit Plans (whether
or not such plan is subject to ERISA). "Company Benefit Plans"
means all employee or director compensation and/or benefit plans,
programs, policies, agreements or other arrangements, including any
employee welfare plan within the meaning of Section 3(1) of ERISA,
any employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of Section
3(2) of ERISA (whether or not such plan is subject to ERISA), and
any bonus, incentive, deferred compensation, vacation, stock
purchase, stock option, severance, employment, change of control or
fringe benefit plan, program, agreement or arrangement (other than
any Multiemployer Plan and any other plan, program or arrangement
maintained by an entity other than the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries pursuant to any collective bargaining agreements), in
each case that are sponsored, maintained or contributed to by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of current or
former employees, directors or consultants of the Company or its
Subsidiaries. It is agreed and understood that no representation or
warranty is made in respect of ERISA matters in any Section of this
Agreement other than this Section 3.10 and Section 3.16.
(b) The
Company has heretofore made available to Parent true and complete
copies of each of the material Company Benefit Plans (or with
respect to unwritten plans, a written description thereof) and
material related documents, including plan documents, trust
agreements and other funding arrangements, but not limited to, (i)
each writing constituting a part of such Company Benefit Plan,
including all amendments thereto; (ii) the three most recent Annual
Reports (Form 5500 Series) and accompanying schedules, if any;
(iii) the most recent determination letter from the IRS (if
applicable) for such Company Benefit Plan and (iv) all material
communications received from or sent to the IRS, the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation or the Department of Labor and any
schedules thereto.
(c) (i) Each
Company Benefit Plan has been maintained and administered in
compliance with its terms and with applicable Law, including but
not limited to ERISA and the Code to the extent applicable thereto,
(ii) each of the Company Benefit Plans intended to be "qualified"
within the meaning of Section 401(a) of the Code has received a
favorable determination letter from the IRS or is entitled to rely
upon a favorable opinion issued by the IRS, and, to the knowledge
of the Company, there are no existing circumstances or any events
that have occurred that could reasonably be expected to adversely
affect the qualified status of any such plan; (iii) no Company
Benefit Plan is subject to Title IV of ERISA; (iv) no Company
Benefit Plan provides retiree medical or other welfare benefits,
other than (A) coverage mandated by applicable Law or (B) benefits
under any "employee pension plan"; (v) no liability under Title IV
of ERISA has been incurred by the Company, its Subsidiaries or any
ERISA Affiliate of the Company that has not been satisfied in full;
(vi) all contributions or other amounts payable by the Company or
its Subsidiaries as of the date hereof with respect to each Company
Benefit Plan in respect of current or prior plan years have been
paid or accrued in accordance with GAAP (other than with respect to
amounts not yet due); (vii) neither the
-14-
Company nor its
Subsidiaries has engaged in a transaction in connection with which
the Company or its Subsidiaries reasonably could be subject to
either a civil penalty assessed pursuant to Section 409 or 502(i)
of ERISA or a material tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 or 4976
of the Code; and (viii) there are no pending, threatened or, to the
knowledge of the Company, anticipated claims (other than claims for
benefits in accordance with the terms of the Company Benefit Plans)
by, on behalf of or against any of the Company Benefit Plans or any
trusts related thereto which could reasonably be expected to result
in any liability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries except
in the case of clauses (i), (vi) and (viii) as would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. "ERISA Affiliate" means, with respect to any entity, trade
or business, any other entity, trade or business that is a member
of a group described in Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code
or Section 4001(b)(1) of ERISA that includes the first entity,
trade or business, or that is a member of the same "controlled
group" as the first entity, trade or business pursuant to Section
4001(a)(14) of ERISA.
(d) Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has, at any time during the
last six years, contributed to or been obligated to contribute to
any Multiemployer Plan other than as set forth on Section 3.10(d)
of the Company Disclosure Letter.
(e) The
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
will not, either alone or in combination with another event, (i)
entitle any current or former employee, consultant, officer or
director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to severance
pay, unemployment compensation or any other payment, except as
expressly provided in Section 2.3 hereto, (ii) result in any
payment becoming due, accelerate the time of payment or vesting, or
increase the amount of compensation due to any such employee,
consultant, officer or director, except as expressly provided in
Section 2.3 hereof, (iii) result in any forgiveness of
indebtedness, trigger any funding obligation under any Company
Benefit Plan or impose any restrictions or limitations on the
Company’s rights to administer, amend or terminate any
Company Benefit Plan, or (iv) result in any payment that could
reasonably be construed, individually or in combination with any
other such payment, to constitute an "excess parachute payment" (as
defined in Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code), in each case except as
set forth in Section 3.10(e) of the Company Disclosure Letter.
Except as set forth in the Executive Agreements listed in Section
3.10(e) of the Company Disclosure Letter, no person is entitled to
receive any additional payment (including, without limitation, any
tax gross up or other payment) from the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or any other person as a result of the imposition of
the excise tax required by Section 4999(a) of the Code.
(f) Each
"nonqualified deferred compensation plan" (as defined in Section
409A(d)(1) of the Code) of the Company has been operated since
January 1, 2005 in good faith compliance with Section 409A of the
Code, the proposed regulations thereunder, IRS Notice 2005-1,
Notice 2005-91, Notice 2006-33, Notice 2006-79 and Notice 2006-100.
Each Stock Option has been granted with an exercise price no lower
than "fair market value" (within the meaning of Section 409A and
422 of the Code) as of the grant date of such option.
Section 3.11
Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since June 30, 2006
through the date of this Agreement, (a) except as otherwise
expressly contemplated or required by this Agreement, the
businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries have been conducted,
in all material respects, in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice and there
-15-
have not been any
facts, circumstances, events, changes, effects or occurrences that
have had or would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect and (b) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has taken or agreed to take any action that would be
prohibited by clauses (v), (vi), (vii), (xi), (xvi) or (xvii) of
Section 5.1(b) .
Section 3.12
Investigations; Litigation . As of the date hereof, there
are no (a) investigations or proceedings pending (or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened) by any Governmental Entity
with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (b)
actions, suits or proceedings pending (or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened) against or affecting the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, or any of their respective properties at law or in
equity before, to the Company’s knowledge, and there are no
orders, judgments or decrees of any Governmental Entity against the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case of clause (a) or
(b), which would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in
the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.13
Proxy Statement; Other Information . The proxy statement
(including the letter to stockholders, notice of meeting and form
of proxy, the " Proxy Statement ") to be filed by the
Company with the SEC in connection with seeking the adoption of
this Agreement by the stockholders of the Company will not, at the
time it is filed with the SEC, or at the time it is first mailed to
the stockholders of the Company or at the time of the Company
Meeting, and at the time of any amendments or supplements thereto,
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in
order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they are made, not misleading. The Company will cause
the Proxy Statement to comply as to form in all material respects
with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable thereto as of
the date of such filing. No representation is made by the Company
with respect to statements made in the Proxy Statement based on
information supplied, or required to be supplied, by Parent, Merger
Sub or any of their affiliates specifically for inclusion or
incorporation by reference therein.
Section 3.14
Rights Plan . The Board of Directors of the Company has
resolved to, and the Company after the execution of this Agreement
will, take all action necessary to render the Rights inapplicable
to the Merger and the execution and operation of this Agreement.
Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the
consummation of the Merger and any of the transactions contemplated
hereby will result in the occurrence of a Distribution Date, as
defined in the Rights Agreement, or otherwise cause the Rights to
become exercisable by the holders thereof.
Section 3.15
Tax Matters . Except as would not have, individually or in
the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect:
(a) the
Company and each of its Subsidiaries have prepared and duly and
timely filed (taking into account any extension of time within
which to file) all Tax Returns required to be filed by any of them
and all such filed Tax Returns are complete and accurate in all
respects;
-16-
(b) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries
have duly and timely paid all Taxes that are required to be paid by
any of them (whether or not shown as due on such Tax
Return);
(c) there are
not pending, outstanding or threatened in writing, any audits,
examinations, investigations or other proceedings in respect of
Taxes of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
(d) no
deficiency with respect to Taxes has been proposed, asserted or
assessed in each case, in writing, against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries;
(e) there are
no requests for rulings or determinations in respect of any
material Taxes or material Tax Returns pending between the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries on the one hand and any authority
responsible for such Taxes or Tax Returns on the other;
(f) the
Company and each of its Subsidiaries has timely withheld and paid
all Taxes required to be withheld and paid in connection with
amounts paid or owing to any employee, creditor, independent
contractor, shareholder or other third party and is in compliance
with all applicable rules and regulations regarding the
solicitation, collection and maintenance of any forms,
certifications and other information required in connection
therewith;
(g) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liability as a
result of being a party to any Tax sharing, Tax indemnity or other
agreement or arrangement relating to Taxes (other than an agreement
or arrangement solely among members of an affiliated, consolidated
or unitary group the common parent of which is the Company or which
includes only the Company and/or its Subsidiaries);
(h) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liability for Taxes
as a result of having been a member of any affiliated group within
the meaning of Section 1504(a) of the Code, or any similar
affiliated or consolidated group for Tax purposes under state,
local or foreign law (other than a group the common parent of which
is the Company or which includes only the Company and/or its
Subsidiaries), or has any liability for the Taxes of any person
(other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) under Treasury
Regulations Section 1.1502-6 or any similar provision of state,
local or foreign law, or as a transferee or successor, or
otherwise;
(i) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a "controlled
corporation" or a "distributing corporation" in any distribution
that was purported or intended to be governed by Section 355 of the
Code within the two-year period ending on the date hereof;
and
(j) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any
"listed transaction" within the meaning of Treasury Regulation
Section 1.6011-4(b)(2).
As used in
this Agreement, (i) "Taxes" means any and all domestic or foreign,
federal, state, local or other taxes, charges, fees, imposts,
levies or other assessments of any kind (together with any and all
interest, penalties, additions to tax and additional amounts
imposed with respect thereto) imposed by any Governmental Entity,
including taxes on or with respect to income, franchises, windfall
or other profits, gross receipts, property, sales, use, capital
stock,
-17-
payroll, employment,
unemployment, social security, workers’ compensation or net
worth, and taxes in the nature of excise, withholding, ad valorem
or value added and (ii) "Tax Return" means any return, report or
similar filing (including the attached schedules, supplements and
additional or supporting material) filed or required to be filed
with respect to Taxes, including any information return, claim for
refund, amended return or declaration of estimated Taxes (and
including any amendments with respect thereto). It is agreed and
understood that no representation or warranty is made in respect of
Tax matters in any Section of this Agreement other than this
Section 3.15.
Section 3.16
Labor Matters . Except for such matters which would not
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect, (a) as of the date hereof, (i) there are no strikes or
lockouts with respect to any employees of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries (" Employees "), (ii) to the knowledge of the
Company, there is no union organizing effort pending or threatened
against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) there is no
unfair labor practice, labor dispute (other than routine individual
grievances) or labor arbitration proceeding pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, and (iv) there is no slowdown, or work stoppage
in effect or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened with
respect to Employees, (b) the Company and its Subsidiaries are in
compliance with all applicable Laws respecting (i) employment and
employment practices, (ii) terms and conditions of employment and
wages and hours and (iii) unfair labor practices and (c) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities under
the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act of 1998 (the " WARN
Act ") as a result of any action taken by the Company (other
than at the written direction of Parent or as a result of any of
the transactions contemplated hereby). Except for such matters
which would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has received written notice during the past two years
of the intent of any Governmental Entity responsible for the
enforcement of labor, employment, occupational health and safety or
workplace safety and insurance/workers compensation laws to conduct
an investigation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and, to
the knowledge of the Company, no such investigation is in progress.
It is agreed and understood that no representation or warranty is
made in respect of labor matters in any Section of this Agreement
other than Section 3.10 and this Section 3.16.
Section 3.17
Intellectual Property . Except as would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect, either the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company owns, or
is licensed or otherwise possesses legally enforceable rights to
use, all material trademarks, trade names, service marks, service
names, mark registrations, logos, assumed names, registered and
unregistered copyrights, patents or applications and registrations
used in their respective businesses as currently conducted
(collectively, the " Intellectual Property "). Except
as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect, (a) there are no pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened claims by any person alleging
infringement by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for their
use of the Intellectual Property of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries (b) to the knowledge of the Company, the conduct of
the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries does not infringe
any intellectual property rights of any person, (c) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has made any claim of a
violation or infringement by others of its rights to or in
connection with the Intellectual Property of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries and (iv) to the knowledge of the
-18-
Company, no person is
infringing any Intellectual Property of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
Section 3.18
Property . Except as would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, the Company or a
Subsidiary of the Company owns and has good and indefeasible title
to all of its owned real property and good title to all its
personal property and has valid leasehold interests in all of its
leased properties free and clear of all Liens (except for Permitted
Liens, and except for title exceptions, defects, liens, charges,
restrictions, encumbrances, restrictive covenants and other
matters, whether or not of record, which in the aggregate do not
materially affect the continued use of the property for the
purposes for which the property is currently being used (assuming
the timely discharge of all obligations owing under or related to
the owned real property, the personal property and the leased
property) by the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company),
sufficient to conduct their respective businesses as currently
conducted. Except as would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, all leases under
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries leases any real or
personal property are valid and effective against the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries and there is not, under any of such leases,
any existing default by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, to
the Company’s Knowledge, the counterparties thereto, or, to
the Company’s knowledge, any event, fact or circumstance
which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become a default
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the
Company’s knowledge, the counterparties thereto.
Section 3.19
Opinion of Financial Advisors . The Special Committee has
received the oral opinion, to be confirmed in writing, of Citigroup
Global Markets Inc. ("Citigroup") to the effect that, as of the
date of this Agreement and based upon and subject to the factors
and assumptions set forth in such opinion, the Merger Consideration
to be received by holders of Common Stock is fair, from a financial
point of view, to such holders; and the Board of Directors of the
Company has received the oral opinion, to be confirmed in writing,
of UBS Securities LLC ("UBS"), to the effect that, as of the date
of this Agreement, and based upon and subject to the factors and
assumptions set forth in such opinion, the Merger Consideration is
fair to the holders of Common Stock from a financial point of
view.
Section 3.20
Required Vote of the Company Stockholders . The affirmative
vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock is the only vote or consent of holders of securities
of the Company which is required to approve this Agreement and the
Merger (the " Company Stockholder Approval ").
Section 3.21 Contracts
.
(a) Except as
set forth in Section 3.21 of the Company Disclosure Letter or as
filed with the SEC, as of the date hereof neither the Company nor
any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by, as of the date
hereof, any Contract (whether written or oral) (i) which is a
"material contract" (as such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of
Regulation S-K of the SEC) to the Company; (ii) which constitutes a
contract or commitment relating to indebtedness for borrowed money
or the deferred purchase price of property (in either case, whether
incurred, assumed, guaranteed or secured by any asset) in excess of
$1,000,000; (iii) which is a customer or supply agreement providing
for the receipt or expenditure of more than $300,000 on an
annual
-19-
basis; or (iv) which
contains any provision that prior to or following the Effective
Time would materially restrict or alter the conduct of business of,
or purport to materially restrict or alter the conduct of business
of, whether or not binding on, Parent or any Affiliate of the
Parent (other than the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any
director, officer or employee of any of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries) (all contracts of the type described in this Section
3.20(a) (other than clause (iv)) being referred to herein as "
Company Specified Contracts ").
(b) Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company is in breach of or
default under the terms of any Company Specified Contract where
such breach or default would have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of
the Company, no party to any Company Specified Contract is in
breach of or default under the terms of any Company Specified
Contract where such breach or default would have, individually or
in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect. Except as
would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect, each Company Specified Contract is a valid
and binding obligation of the Company or the Subsidiary of the
Company which is party thereto and, to the knowledge of the
Company, of each other party thereto, and is in full force and
effect, except that (i) such enforcement may be subject to
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar Laws, now or hereafter in effect, relating to
creditors’ rights generally and (ii) equitable remedies of
specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable
relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion
of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be
brought.
Section 3.22
Finders or Brokers . Except for UBS and Citigroup, neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged any investment
banker, broker or finder in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement who might be entitled to any fee or
any commission in connection with or upon consummation of the
Merger or the other transactions contemplated thereby.
Section 3.23
Interested Party Transactions . Except for employment
Contracts filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to a
Company SEC Document filed prior to the date hereof or Company
Benefit Plans, Section 3.23 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets
forth a correct and complete list of the contracts or arrangements
that are in existence as of the date of this Agreement under which
the Company has any existing or future liabilities between the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and, on the
other hand, any (A) present officer or director of either the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any person that has served as
such an officer or director within the past two years or any of
such officer’s or director’s immediate family members,
(B) record or beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Shares as of
the date hereof, or (C) to the knowledge of the Company, any
Affiliate of any such officer, director or owner (other than the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries) (each, an " Affiliate
Transaction "). The Company has provided to Parent correct
and complete copies of each Contract or other relevant
documentation (including any amendments or modifications thereto)
providing for each Affiliate Transaction.
Section 3.24
Insurance . The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain, or
are entitled to the benefits of, insurance covering their
properties, operations, personnel and businesses that are customary
for businesses of their type. Except as would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect, none of the Company or its
-20-
Subsidiaries has
received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that
substantial capital improvements or other expenditures will have to
be made in order to continue such insurance, and all such insurance
is outstanding and duly in force.
Section 3.25
Customers and Suppliers . As of the date hereof, neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice or has
any reason to believe that any significant customer or distributor
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has materially reduced or
will materially reduce, the use of products or services of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, either as a result of this
Agreement, the Merger or the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby or otherwise. To the Company’s knowledge, as of the
date hereof there is no dispute with a material customer that would
reasonably be expected to jeopardize the Company’s
relationship with that material customer. From June 30, 2006
through the date hereof, there has not been any change in the terms
and conditions of sale of raw materials, supplies or other products
or services supplied to the Company by its significant suppliers,
and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowledge
that there will be such a change (other than general and customary
price increases), including as a result of this Agreement, the
Merger and the transactions contemplated hereby.
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Except as
disclosed in the disclosure schedule delivered by Parent to the
Company immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement (the "
Parent Disclosure Letter "), Parent and Merger Sub jointly
and severally represent and warrant to the Company as
follows:
Section 4.1
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc . Each of
Parent and Merger Sub is a legal entity duly organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the Laws of its respective
jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite corporate or
similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its
properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently
conducted and is qualified to do business and is in good standing
as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where the ownership,
leasing or operation of its assets or properties or conduct of its
business requires such qualification, except where the failure to
be so organized, validly existing, qualified or in good standing,
or to have such power or authority, would not, individually or in
the aggregate, prevent or materially delay the Closing or prevent
or materially delay or materially impair the ability of Parent or
Merger Sub to satisfy the conditions precedent to the Merger, to
obtain financing for the Merger or to consummate the Merger and the
other transactions contemplated by this Agreement (a " Parent
Material Adverse Effect "). Parent has made available to the
Company prior to the date of this Agreement a true and complete
copy of the certificates of incorporation and by-laws or other
equivalent organizational documents of Parent and Merger Sub, each
as amended through the date hereof.
Section 4.2 Corporate Authority
Relative to This Agreement; No Violation .
(a) Each of
Parent and Merger Sub has all requisite corporate power and
authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of
this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
-21-
contemplated hereby
have been duly and validly authorized by the Boards of Directors of
Parent and Merger Sub and by Parent, as the sole stockholder of
Merger Sub, and, except for the filing of the Certificate of Merger
with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, no other
corporate proceedings on the part of Parent or Merger Sub are
necessary to authorize the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly
executed and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming this
Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the
Company, this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement
of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against each of Parent and
Merger Sub in accordance with its terms.
(b) The
execution, delivery and performance by Parent and Merger Sub of
this Agreement and the consummation of the Merger by Parent and
Merger Sub do not and will not require any consent, approval,
authorization or permit of, action by, filing with or notification
to any Governmental Entity, other than (i) the filing of the
Certificate of Merger, (ii) compliance with the applicable
requirements of the HSR Act, (iii) compliance with the applicable
requirements of the Exchange Act, (iv) compliance wi
|