AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
by and among
CGEA Holdings, Inc.,
CGEA Investor, Inc.
and
ElkCorp
Dated as of December 18, 2006
.
Table of Contents
Page
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
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Section
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1.1
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The
Merger
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1
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Section
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1.2
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Closing
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1
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Section
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1.3
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Effective
Time
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2
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Section
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1.4
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Effects of the
Merger
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2
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Section
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1.5
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Certificate of
Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving Corporation
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2
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Section
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1.6
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Directors
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2
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Section
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1.7
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Officers
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2
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ARTICLE II
CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF
CERTIFICATES
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Section
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2.1
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Effect on
Capital Stock
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2
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Section
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2.2
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Exchange of
Certificates
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4
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Section
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2.3
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Treatment of
Stock Options and Other Stock-Based Awards
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6
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Section
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2.4
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Further
Actions
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7
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ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE
COMPANY
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Section
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3.1
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Qualification,
Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
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7
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Section
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3.2
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Capital
Stock
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8
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Section
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3.3
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Subsidiaries;
Investments
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9
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Section
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3.4
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Corporate
Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
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9
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Section
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3.5
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Reports and
Financial Statements
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11
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Section
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3.6
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Internal
Controls and Procedures
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11
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Section
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3.7
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No Undisclosed
Liabilities
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12
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Section
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3.8
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Compliance
with Law; Permits
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12
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Section
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3.9
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Environmental
Laws and Regulations
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13
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Section
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3.10
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Employee
Benefit Plans
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14
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Section
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3.11
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Absence of
Certain Changes or Events
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15
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Section
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3.12
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Investigations; Litigation
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16
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Section
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3.13
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Proxy
Statement; Other Information
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16
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Section
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3.14
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Rights
Plan
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16
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Section
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3.15
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Tax
Matters
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16
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Section
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3.16
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Labor
Matters
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18
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Section
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3.17
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Intellectual
Property
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18
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Section
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3.18
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Property
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19
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Section
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3.19
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Opinion of
Financial Advisors
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19
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-i-
Table of Contents
(continued)
Page
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Section
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3.20
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Required Vote
of the Company Stockholders
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19
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Section
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3.21
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Contracts
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19
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Section
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3.22
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Finders or
Brokers
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20
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Section
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3.23
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Interested
Party Transactions
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20
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Section
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3.24
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Insurance
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20
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Section
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3.25
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Customers and
Suppliers
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21
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ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND
MERGER SUB
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Section
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4.1
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Qualification,
Organization, Subsidiaries, etc.
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21
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Section
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4.2
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Corporate
Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
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21
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Section
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4.3
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Investigations; Litigation
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22
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Section
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4.4
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Proxy
Statement; Other Information
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23
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Section
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4.5
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Financing
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23
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Section
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4.6
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Guarantee
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23
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Section
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4.7
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Capitalization
of Merger Sub
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24
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Section
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4.8
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No Vote of
Parent Stockholders
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24
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Section
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4.9
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Finders or
Brokers
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24
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Section
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4.10
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No Additional
Representations
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24
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Section
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4.11
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Certain
Arrangements
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24
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ARTICLE V
COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS
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Section
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5.1
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Conduct of
Business by the Company and Parent
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25
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Section
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5.2
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Access
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28
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Section
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5.3
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No
Solicitation
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29
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Section
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5.4
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Filings; Other
Actions
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31
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Section
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5.5
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Employee
Matters
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32
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Section
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5.6
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Efforts
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34
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Section
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5.7
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Takeover
Statute
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36
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Section
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5.8
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Public
Announcements
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36
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Section
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5.9
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Indemnification and Insurance
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36
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Section
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5.10
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Control of
Operations
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38
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Section
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5.11
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Financing
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38
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Section
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5.12
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Stockholder
Litigation
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40
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Section
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5.13
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Notification
of Certain Matters
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40
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Section
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5.14
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Private
Placement Notes
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41
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-ii-
Table of Contents
(continued)
Page
ARTICLE VI
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
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Section
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6.1
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Conditions to
Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the Merger
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42
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Section
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6.2
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Conditions to
Obligation of the Company to Effect the Merger
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42
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Section
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6.3
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Conditions to
Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to Effect the
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Merger
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43
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Section
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6.4
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Frustration of
Closing Conditions
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43
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ARTICLE VII
TERMINATION
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Section
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7.1
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Termination or
Abandonment
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44
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Section
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7.2
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Effect of
Termination
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45
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Section
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7.3
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Termination
Fees
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45
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ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
|
Section
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8.1
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No Survival of
Representations and Warranties
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48
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Section
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8.2
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Expenses
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48
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Section
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8.3
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Counterparts;
Effectiveness
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48
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Section
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8.4
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Governing
Law
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48
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Section
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8.5
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Jurisdiction;
Enforcement
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48
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Section
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8.6
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WAIVER OF JURY
TRIAL
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49
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Section
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8.7
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Notices
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49
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Section
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8.8
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Assignment;
Binding Effect
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50
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Section
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8.9
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Severability
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51
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Section
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8.10
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Entire
Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries
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51
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Section
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8.11
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Amendments;
Waivers
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51
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Section
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8.12
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Headings
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51
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Section
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8.13
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Interpretation
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51
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Section
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8.14
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No
Recourse
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52
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Section
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8.15
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Definitions
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52
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ANNEXES
Annex I – Financing
Commitments
Annex II – Form of Guarantee
-iii-
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER,
dated as of December 18, 2006 (this “ Agreement
”), among CGEA Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(“ Parent ”), CGEA Investor, Inc., a Delaware
corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“
Merger Sub ”), and ElkCorp, a Delaware corporation
(the “ Company ”).
WHEREAS, the parties intend that Merger Sub be
merged with and into the Company (the “ Merger
”), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly owned
subsidiary of Parent.
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company,
acting upon the recommendation of a special committee of
independent directors of the Company (the “ Special
Committee ”), has (i) determined that it is in the
best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and declared it
advisable, to enter into this Agreement, (ii) approved the
execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, and (iii)
resolved to recommend adoption of this Agreement by the
stockholders of the Company.
WHEREAS, the Boards of Directors of Parent and
Merger Sub have approved this Agreement and declared it advisable
for Parent and Merger Sub, respectively, to enter into this
Agreement.
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company
desire to make certain representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements specified herein in connection with this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the
foregoing and the representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements contained herein, and intending to be legally bound
hereby, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company agree as
follows:
Section 1.1 The Merger . On the terms
and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in
accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), at the Effective Time,
Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, whereupon the
separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease, and the
Company will continue its corporate existence under Delaware law as
the surviving corporation in the Merger (the “ Surviving
Corporation ”) and a wholly owned subsidiary of
Parent.
Section 1.2 Closing . The closing of the
Merger (the “ Closing ”) shall take place at the
offices of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, 919 Third Avenue, New
York, New York 10022 at 10:00 a.m., local time, on a date (the
“ Closing Date ”) which shall be the second
Business Day after the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent
permitted by applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in Article
VI (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be
satisfied by actions to be taken at the Closing, but subject to the
satisfaction or waiver of such
conditions), or at such other place, date and
time as the Company and Parent may agree in writing.
Section 1.3 Effective Time . Subject to
the provisions of this Agreement, at the Closing, the Company will
cause a certificate of merger (the “ Certificate of
Merger ”) to be executed, acknowledged and filed with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with
Section 251 of the DGCL. The Merger will become effective at such
time as the Certificate of Merger has been duly filed with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such later date
or time as may be agreed by the Company and Merger Sub in writing
and specified in the Certificate of Merger in accordance with the
DGCL (the effective time of the Merger being hereinafter referred
to as the “ Effective Time ”).
Section 1.4 Effects of the Merger . The
Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and the
applicable provisions of the DGCL.
Section 1.5 Certificate of Incorporation and
By-laws of the Surviving Corporation . Subject to
Section 5.9, at the Effective Time, (a) the certificate of
incorporation of the Surviving Corporation shall be amended to read
in its entirety as the certificate of incorporation of Merger Sub
read immediately prior to the Effective Time, except that the name
of the Surviving Corporation shall be Elk Corporation or ElkCorp
and the provision in the certificate of incorporation of Merger Sub
naming its incorporator shall be omitted, and (b) the by-laws of
the Surviving Corporation shall be amended so as to read in their
entirety as the bylaws of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior
to the Effective Time, until thereafter amended in accordance with
applicable Law, except that the references to Merger Sub’s
name shall be replaced by references to Elk Corporation or
ElkCorp.
Section 1.6 Directors . Subject to
applicable Law, the directors of Merger Sub as of the Effective
Time shall be the initial directors of the Surviving Corporation
and shall hold office until their respective successors are duly
elected and qualified, or their earlier death, resignation or
removal.
Section 1.7 Officers . The officers of
the Company as of the Effective Time shall be the initial officers
of the Surviving Corporation and shall hold office until their
respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or their
earlier death, resignation or removal.
CONVERSION OF SHARES; EXCHANGE OF
CERTIFICATES
Section 2.1 Effect on Capital Stock . At
the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action
on the part of the Company, Merger Sub or the holders of any
securities of the Company or Merger Sub:
(a) Conversion of Common Stock . Each
share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (such shares,
together, unless the context clearly otherwise requires, with the
associated Rights, collectively, the “Common Stock”,
and each, a “ Share ”), other than Shares to be
cancelled pursuant to Section 2.1(b) and other than Dissenting
Shares, shall be converted automatically
-2-
into and
shall thereafter represent the right to receive $38.00 in cash (the
“ Merger Consideration ”). All Shares
that have been converted into the right to receive the Merger
Consideration as provided in this Section 2.1 shall be
automatically cancelled and shall cease to exist, and the holders
of certificates which immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented such Shares shall cease to have any rights with respect
to such Shares other than the right to receive the Merger
Consideration and the right to receive any then unpaid dividend or
other distribution with respect to such Shares having a record date
before the Effective Time.
(b) Parent and Merger Sub-Owned Shares .
Each Share that is owned, directly or indirectly, by Parent or
Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time or held by the
Company immediately prior to the Effective Time (in each case,
other than any such Shares held on behalf of third parties) (the
“ Cancelled Shares ”) shall by virtue of the
Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be
cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no
consideration shall be delivered in exchange for such cancellation
and retirement.
(c) Conversion of Merger Sub Common
Stock . At the Effective Time and by virtue of the Merger and
without any action on the part of the holder thereof, each share of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Merger Sub issued and
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
converted into and become one validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of
the Surviving Corporation with the same rights, powers and
privileges as the shares so converted and shall constitute the only
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Surviving Corporation.
From and after the Effective Time, all certificates representing
the common stock of Merger Sub shall be deemed for all purposes to
represent the number of shares of common stock of the Surviving
Corporation into which they were converted in accordance with the
immediately preceding sentence.
(d) Dissenters’ Rights . Any
provision of this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, if
required by the DGCL (but only to the extent required thereby),
Shares that are issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time (other than Cancelled Shares) and that are held by
holders of such Shares who have not voted in favor of the adoption
of this Agreement or consented thereto in writing and who are
entitled to demand and who have properly exercised appraisal rights
with respect thereto in accordance with, and who have complied
with, Section 262 of the DGCL (the “ Dissenting Shares
”) will not be converted into the right to receive the Merger
Consideration, but instead holders of such Dissenting Shares will
be entitled to receive payment of the appraised value of such
Dissenting Shares in accordance with the provisions of such Section
262 unless and until any such holder fails to perfect or
effectively withdraws or loses its rights to appraisal and payment
under the DGCL. If, after the Effective Time, any such holder fails
to perfect or effectively withdraws or loses such right, such
Dissenting Shares will thereupon be treated as if they had been
converted into and have become exchangeable for, at the Effective
Time, the right to receive the Merger Consideration, without any
interest thereon, and the Surviving Corporation shall remain liable
for payment of the Merger Consideration for such Shares. At the
Effective Time, any holder of Dissenting Shares shall cease to have
any rights with respect thereto, except the rights provided in
Section 262 of the DGCL and as provided in the previous sentence.
The Company will give Parent (i) prompt notice of any demands
received by the Company for appraisals of Shares, attempted
withdrawals of such demands and any other instruments served
pursuant to the DGCL and received by the Company relating to
stockholders’ rights of appraisal and (ii) the opportunity to
participate in all
-3-
negotiations and proceedings with respect to
such notices and demands. The Company shall not, except with the
prior written consent of Parent, voluntarily make any payment with
respect to any demands for appraisal or settle, or offer to agree
to settle, any such demands.
(e) Adjustments . If at any time during
the period between the date of this Agreement and the Effective
Time, any change in the outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Company, or securities convertible or exchangeable into or
exercisable for shares of capital stock, shall occur as a result of
any reclassification, recapitalization, stock split (including a
reverse stock split) or subdivision or combination, exchange or
readjustment of shares, or any stock dividend or stock distribution
with a record date during such period (excluding, in each case,
normal quarterly cash dividends), merger or other similar
transaction, the Merger Consideration shall be equitably adjusted
to reflect such change; provided that nothing herein shall be
construed to permit the Company to take any action with respect to
its securities that is prohibited by the terms of this
Agreement.
Section 2.2
Exchange of Certificates .
(a) Paying Agent . At or prior to the
Effective Time, Parent shall deposit, or shall cause to be
deposited, with a U.S. bank or trust company that shall be
appointed by Parent, and approved in advance by the Company in
writing (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld) to act as a
paying agent hereunder (and pursuant to an agreement in form and
substance reasonably acceptable to Parent and the Company) (the
“ Paying Agent ”), in trust for the benefit of
holders of the Shares, the Company Stock Options and the
Performance Shares, cash in U.S. dollars sufficient to pay (i) the
aggregate Merger Consideration in exchange for all of the Shares
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the
Cancelled Shares), payable upon due surrender of the certificates
that immediately prior to the Effective Time represented Shares
(“ Certificates ”) (or effective affidavits of
loss in lieu thereof) or non-certificated Shares represented by
book-entry (“ Book-Entry Shares ”) pursuant to
the provisions of this Article II and (ii) the Option and
Stock-Based Consideration payable pursuant to Section 2.3 (such
cash referred to in subsections (a)(i) and (a)(ii) being
hereinafter referred to as the “ Exchange Fund
”).
(i) As soon as reasonably practicable after the
Effective Time and in any event not later than the third Business
Day following the Closing Date, the Paying Agent shall mail (x) to
each holder of record of Shares whose Shares were converted into
the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 2.1, (A) a letter of
transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected,
and risk of loss and title to Certificates shall pass, only upon
delivery of Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu
thereof) or Book-Entry Shares to the Paying Agent and shall be in
such form and have such other provisions as Parent and the Company
may mutually agree), and (B) instructions for use in effecting the
surrender of Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu
thereof) or Book-Entry Shares in exchange for the Merger
Consideration and (y) to each holder of a Company Stock Option or a
Performance Share, a check in an amount due and payable to such
holder pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof in respect of such Company
Stock Option or Performance Share.
-4-
(ii) Upon surrender of Certificates (or
effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or Book-Entry Shares
to the Paying Agent together with such letter of transmittal, duly
completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions
thereto, and such other documents as may customarily be required by
the Paying Agent, the holder of such Certificates or Book-Entry
Shares shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a check in
an amount equal to the product of (x) the number of Shares
represented by such holder’s properly surrendered
Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or
Book-Entry Shares and (y) the Merger Consideration. No interest
will be paid or accrued on any amount payable upon due surrender of
Certificates (or effective affidavits of loss in lieu thereof) or
Book-Entry Shares. In the event of a transfer of ownership of
Shares that is not registered in the transfer records of the
Company, a check for any cash to be paid upon due surrender of the
Certificate may be paid to such a transferee if the Certificate
formerly representing such Shares is presented to the Paying Agent,
accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect such
transfer and to evidence that any applicable stock transfer Taxes
have been paid or are not applicable.
(iii) Parent, the Surviving Corporation and
the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the
consideration otherwise payable under this Agreement to any holder
of Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Restricted
Shares) or holder of Company Stock Options or Performance Shares,
such amounts as are required to be withheld or deducted under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code
”), the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or any
provision of U.S. state or local Tax Law with respect to the making
of such payment. To the extent that amounts are so withheld or
deducted and paid over to the applicable Governmental Entity, such
withheld or deducted amounts shall be treated for all purposes of
this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares or
holder of the Company Stock Options or Performance Shares, in
respect of which such deduction and withholding were
made.
(c) Closing of Transfer Books . At the
Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be
closed, and there shall be no further registration of transfers on
the stock transfer books of the Surviving Corporation of the Shares
that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If,
after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the
Surviving Corporation or Parent for transfer, they shall be
cancelled and exchanged for a check in the proper amount pursuant
to this Article II.
(d) Termination of Exchange Fund . Any
portion of the Exchange Fund (including the proceeds of any
investments thereof) that remains undistributed to the former
holders of Shares for one year after the Effective Time shall be
delivered to Surviving Corporation upon demand, and any former
holders of Shares who have not surrendered their Shares in
accordance with this Section 2.2 shall thereafter look only to the
Surviving Corporation for payment of their claim for the Merger
Consideration, without any interest thereon, upon due surrender of
their Shares.
(e) No Liability . Anything herein to
the contrary notwithstanding, none of the Company, Parent, Merger
Sub, the Surviving Corporation, the Paying Agent or any other
person shall be liable to any former holder of Shares for any
amount properly delivered to a public official pursuant to any
applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Law.
-5-
(f) Investment of Exchange
Fund . The Paying Agent shall invest all cash included in the
Exchange Fund as reasonably directed by Parent; provided ,
however, that any investment of such cash shall be limited to
direct short-term obligations of, or short-term obligations fully
guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the U.S. government.
Any interest and other income resulting from such investments shall
be paid to the Surviving Corporation pursuant to Section 2.2(d)
.
(g) Lost Certificates . In the case of
any Certificate that has been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the
making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming such
Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by the
Paying Agent, the posting by such person of a bond in customary
amount as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it
with respect to such Certificate, the Paying Agent will issue in
exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate a check in
the amount of the number of Shares represented by such lost, stolen
or destroyed Certificate multiplied by the Merger
Consideration.
Section 2.3
Treatment of Stock Options and Other Stock-Based Awards
.
(a) Except as otherwise agreed in writing by
Parent and the applicable holder thereof, each option to purchase
Shares (collectively, the “ Company Stock Options
”) granted under the employee and director stock plans of the
Company (the “ Company Stock Plans ”), whether
vested or unvested, that is outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time will at the Effective Time be cancelled and the
holder of such Company Stock Option will, in full settlement of
such Company Stock Option, receive from the Surviving Corporation
an amount (subject to any applicable withholding tax) in cash equal
to the product of (x) the excess, if any, of the Merger
Consideration over the exercise price per Share of such Company
Stock Option multiplied by (y) the total number of Shares subject
to such Company Stock Option (the aggregate amount of such cash
hereinafter referred to as the “ Option Consideration
”).
(b) Except as otherwise agreed in writing by
Parent and the applicable holder thereof, immediately prior to the
Effective Time, each award of restricted Common Stock granted under
the Company Stock Plans (the “ Restricted Shares
”) shall vest in full and be converted into the right to
receive the Merger Consideration as provided in Section 2.1(a)
.
(c) Except as otherwise agreed in writing by
Parent and the applicable holder thereof, at the Effective Time,
each performance share based on shares of Common Stock granted
under the Company Stock Plans (the “ Performance
Shares ”), whether vested or unvested, which is
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed
to be earned at the level set forth in the applicable Company Stock
Plan and applicable award agreement, shall become fully vested and
shall entitle the holder thereof to receive, at the Effective Time,
an amount in cash equal to the Merger Consideration in respect of
each Share earned with respect to the Performance Shares (subject
to any applicable withholding taxes) (the aggregate amount of such
cash, together with the Option Consideration, hereinafter referred
to as the “ Option and Stock-Based
Consideration ”).
(d) Prior to the Effective Time, the Company
will adopt such resolutions as may reasonably be required in its
discretion to effectuate the actions contemplated by this Section
2.3.
-6-
Section 2.4 Further Actions
. The Company shall take or cause to be taken on or prior to
December 31, 2006 any and all action reasonably necessary,
including by amending the Company Stock Plans, to permit the
exchange of Company Stock Options, Restricted Shares or Performance
Shares for Parent equity awards pursuant to the agreements between
Parent and the applicable holder of a Company Stock Option,
Restricted Share or Performance Share referred to in Section 2.3,
in each case to the extent consistent with such plans, agreements
and applicable Law.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE
COMPANY
Except (i) as disclosed in the Company SEC
Documents filed on or after June 30, 2006 and prior to the date of
this Agreement (excluding any disclosures set forth in any risk
factor section thereof or in any section relating to or containing
forward looking statements) or (ii) as disclosed in the disclosure
schedule delivered by the Company to Parent immediately prior to
the execution of this Agreement (the “Company Disclosure
Letter”, it being agreed that disclosure of any item in any
section of the Company Disclosure Letter shall also be deemed
disclosure with respect to any other section of this Agreement to
which the relevance of such item is reasonably apparent on its
face), the Company represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub
as follows:
Section 3.1
Qualification, Organization, Subsidiaries, etc .
(a) Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is
a legal entity duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of
organization. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has all
requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease
and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business
as presently conducted and is qualified to do business and is in
good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where
the ownership, leasing or operation of its assets or properties or
conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where
the failure to have such power or authority, would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
(b) Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is
qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation in each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or
operation of its assets or properties or conduct of its business
requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so
qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse Effect. The
organizational or governing documents of the Company and each of
its Subsidiaries, as previously provided to Parent, are in full
force and effect.
(c) As used in this Agreement, any reference to
any fact, circumstance, event, change, effect or occurrence having
a “Company Material Adverse Effect” means any fact,
circumstance, event, change, effect or occurrence that has or would
be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the
business, results of operation or financial condition of the
Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, but, in any case,
shall not include facts,
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circumstances, events, changes, effects or
occurrences (i) generally affecting the industries in which the
Company and its Subsidiaries operate (including general pricing
changes), or the economy or the financial or securities markets in
the United States or elsewhere in the world (including any
regulatory and political conditions or developments, or any
outbreak or escalation of hostilities, declared or undeclared acts
of war or terrorism), except to the extent any fact, circumstance,
event, change, effect or occurrence that, relative to other
industry participants, disproportionately impacts the assets,
properties, business, results of operation or financial condition
of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii)
resulting from the announcement of (A) the proposal of the Merger
or (B) this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or
(iii) resulting from any litigation related to this Agreement or
the transactions contemplated hereby brought by shareholders of the
Company; and provided that any failure to meet internal or
published projections, forecasts or revenue or earning predictions
for any period shall not, in and of itself, constitute a Company
Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.2
Capital Stock .
(a) The authorized share capital of the Company
consists of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares
of preferred stock (the “ Preferred Stock ”). As
of December 15, 2006, there were (i) 20,610,111 shares of Common
Stock issued and outstanding (including 132,564 unvested Restricted
Shares granted under the 2004 Amended and Restated ElkCorp Equity
Incentive Compensation Plan (the " 2004 Plan ”) and
the 2002 ElkCorp Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the " 2002
Plan ") and no shares of Preferred Stock issued and
outstanding, (ii) Company Stock Options granted under the 2004
Plan, the 2002 Plan, the Elcor Corporation 1998 Amended and
Restated Incentive Stock Option Plan (the " 1998 Plan "),
and the Elcor Corporation 1993 Incentive Stock Option Plan (the "
1993 Plan ”), collectively, to purchase an aggregate
of 1,357,419 shares of Common Stock, with a weighted average
exercise price of $24.05 per share, issued and outstanding, (iii)
581,700 shares subject to outstanding Performance Share awards (at
the maximum 150% Target level) and (iv) 66,007 shares of Common
Stock available for future awards under the 2004 Plan. Other than
Company Stock Options granted under the 2004 Plan, the 2002 Plan,
the 1998 Plan, and the 1993 Plan, and unvested Restricted Shares
granted under the 2002 Plan and the 2004 Plan, there are no Company
Stock Options, and no unvested Restricted Shares issued and
outstanding. All outstanding Shares are duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and are not subject to and
were not issued in violation of any preemptive or similar right,
purchase option, call or right of first refusal or similar
right.
(b) Except as set forth in subsection (a)
above, as of the date hereof, (i) the Company does not have any
shares of its capital stock issued or outstanding other than shares
of Common Stock that have become outstanding after December 15,
2006, which were reserved for issuance as of December 15, 2006 as
set forth in subsection (a) above, and (ii) except as set forth in
the Rights Agreement, dated as of July 7, 1998, as amended to the
date hereof, between the Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC
(formerly ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C.), as Rights
Agent (the “ Rights Agreement ”), there are no
outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, convertible
securities or other similar rights, agreements or commitments
relating to the issuance of capital stock to which the Company or
any of the Company’s Subsidiaries is a party obligating the
Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries to (A) issue,
transfer or sell any shares of capital stock or other equity
interests of the Company
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or any
Subsidiary of the Company or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for such shares or equity interests, (B) grant, extend
or enter into any such subscription, option, warrant, call,
convertible securities or other similar right, agreement or
arrangement, (C) redeem or otherwise acquire any such shares of
capital stock or other equity interests, or (D) provide a material
amount of funds to, or make any material investment (in the form of
a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary.
Except for the issuance of shares of Common Stock that were
available for issuance as set forth in subsection (a) above, and
except for regular quarterly cash dividends as publicly disclosed,
from December 15, 2006 to the date hereof, the Company has not
declared or paid any dividend or distribution in respect of the
Common Stock, and has not issued, sold, repurchased, redeemed or
otherwise acquired any Common Stock, and its Board of Directors has
not authorized any of the foregoing.
(c) Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or, other
than as referred to in Sections 3.2(a) and 3.2(b), other
securities, the holders of which have the right to vote (or which
are convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right
to vote) with the stockholders of the Company on any
matter.
(d) There are no stockholder agreements, voting
trusts or other agreements or understandings to which the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect to the voting of
the capital stock or other equity interest of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries.
Section 3.3
Subsidiaries; Investments .
(a) Section 3.3 of the Company Disclosure
Letter sets forth a complete and correct list of each
“significant subsidiary” of the Company as such term is
defined in Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC (each, a “
Significant Subsidiary ”). Section 3.3 of the Company
Disclosure Letter also sets forth the jurisdiction of organization
and percentage of outstanding equity interests (including
partnership interests and limited liability company interests)
owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries of each Significant
Subsidiary. All equity interests (including partnership interests
and limited liability company interests) of the Company’s
Significant Subsidiaries held by the Company or any other
Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and are validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable and were not issued in
violation of any preemptive or similar rights, purchase option,
call or right of first refusal or similar rights. All such equity
interests owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries are free and
clear of any Liens, other than restrictions imposed by applicable
Law.
(b) Except as set forth in Section 3.3 of the
Company Disclosure Letter, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries owns any shares of capital stock or other equity
interests in (including any securities exercisable or exchangeable
for or convertible into capital stock or other voting or equity
interests in) any other Person.
Section 3.4
Corporate Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
.
(a) The Company has requisite corporate power
and authority to enter into this Agreement and, subject to receipt
of the Company Stockholder Approval, to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby. The Board of Directors of the Company, acting
upon the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee, at a
duly called and held meeting, has
-9-
unanimously (with Thomas D. Karol and Richard
A. Nowak abstaining) adopted resolutions (i) determining that the
terms of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement are fair and in the best interests of the Company and its
stockholders, and declaring it advisable, to enter into this
Agreement, (ii) approving the execution, delivery and performance
of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby, including the Merger, and (iii) resolving to
recommend that the stockholders of the Company approve the adoption
of this Agreement (the “ Recommendation ”) and
directing that such matter be submitted for consideration of the
stockholders of the Company at the Company Meeting. Except for the
Company Stockholder Approval and the filing of the Certificate of
Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, no
other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are
necessary to authorize the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly
executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming this Agreement
constitutes the valid and binding agreement of Parent and Merger
Sub, constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the Company,
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its
terms.
(b) The execution, delivery and performance by
the Company of this Agreement and the consummation of the Merger by
the Company do not and will not require any consent, approval,
authorization or permit of, action by, filing with or notification
to any United States or foreign governmental or regulatory agency,
commission, court, body, entity or authority (each, a “
Governmental Entity ”), other than (i) the filing of
the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State
of Delaware in accordance with the DGCL, (ii) compliance with the
applicable requirements of the HSR Act, (iii) compliance with the
applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, including the filing
of the Proxy Statement, (iv) compliance with the rules and
regulations of the New York Stock Exchange, (v) compliance with any
applicable foreign or state securities or blue sky laws, and (vi)
the other consents and/or notices set forth on Section 3.3(b) of
the Company Disclosure Letter (collectively, clauses (i) through
(vi), the “ Specified Approvals ”), and
other than any consent, approval, authorization, permit, action,
filing or notification the failure of which to make or obtain would
not (A) individually or in the aggregate, have a Company Material
Adverse Effect or (B) prevent or materially delay the consummation
of the Merger.
(c) Assuming compliance with the matters
referenced in Section 3.3(b), receipt of the Specified Approvals
and the receipt of the Company Stockholder Approval, the execution,
delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the
consummation by the Company of the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (i) contravene
or conflict with the organizational or governing documents of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) contravene or conflict
with or constitute a violation of any provision of any Law binding
upon or applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any
of their respective properties or assets, or (iii) result in any
violation of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time,
or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination,
cancellation or acceleration of any material obligation or to the
loss of a material benefit under any loan, guarantee of
indebtedness or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture,
lease, agreement, contract, instrument, permit, concession,
franchise, right or license binding upon the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or result in the creation of any Lien (other than
Permitted Liens) upon any of the properties or assets of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than, in the case of
clauses (ii) and (iii), any such violation, conflict, default,
termination, cancellation, acceleration, right,
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loss or
Lien that would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.5
Reports and Financial Statements .
(a) The Company has filed or furnished all
forms, documents, statements and reports required to be filed or
furnished prior to the date hereof by it with the SEC since June
30, 2004 (the forms, documents, statements and reports filed with
the SEC since June 30, 2004 and those filed with the SEC subsequent
to the date of this Agreement, if any, including any amendments
thereto, the “ Company SEC Documents ”). As of
their respective dates, or, if amended, as of the date of the last
such amendment prior to the date hereof, the Company SEC Documents
complied, and each of the Company SEC Documents filed subsequent to
the date of this Agreement will comply, in all material respects
with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the applicable rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder. None of the Company SEC
Documents so filed or that will be filed subsequent to the date of
this Agreement contained or will contain, as the case may be, any
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading.
(b) The consolidated financial statements
(including all related notes and schedules) of the Company included
in the Company SEC Documents (if amended, as of the date of the
last such amendment) fairly present in all material respects the
consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated
Subsidiaries, as at the respective dates thereof, and the
consolidated results of their operations and their consolidated
cash flows for the respective periods then ended (subject, in the
case of the unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit
adjustments and to any other adjustments described therein,
including the notes thereto) in conformity with GAAP (except, in
the case of the unaudited statements, as permitted by the SEC)
applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except
as may be indicated therein or in the notes thereto).
Section 3.6 Internal Controls and
Procedures . The Company has established and maintains
disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over
financial reporting (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (e)
and (f), respectively, of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act) as
required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. The Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures are reasonably designed to
ensure that all material information required to be disclosed by
the Company in the reports that it files or furnishes under the
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and
that all such material information is accumulated and communicated
to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure and to make the
certifications required pursuant to Sections 302 and 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company’s management has completed an
assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
controls over financial reporting in compliance with the
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year
ended June 30, 2006, and such assessment concluded that such
controls were effective. The Company has disclosed, based on its
most recent evaluations, to the Company’s outside auditors
and the audit committee of the Company (A) all significant
deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of
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internal
controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of
the Exchange Act) which are reasonably likely to adversely affect
in any material respect the Company’s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial data and (B) any fraud,
whether or not material, that involves management or other
employees who have a significant role in the Company’s
internal controls over financial reporting.
Section 3.7 No Undisclosed Liabilities .
Except (a) as reflected or reserved against in the Company’s
consolidated balance sheets (or the notes thereto) included in the
Company SEC Documents filed after June 30, 2006 and prior to the
date hereof, (b) as expressly permitted or contemplated by this
Agreement, (c) for liabilities and obligations incurred in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since
June 30, 2006 and (d) for liabilities or obligations which have
been discharged or paid in full in the ordinary course of business,
neither the Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company has any
liabilities or obligations of any nature, whether or not accrued,
contingent or otherwise, whether known or unknown and whether due
or to become due, that would, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.8
Compliance with Law; Permits .
(a) The Company and each of the Company’s
Subsidiaries are in compliance with and are not in default under or
in violation of any applicable federal, state, local or foreign
law, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, order,
injunction, decree or agency requirement of any Governmental Entity
(collectively, “Laws” and each, a “ Law
”), except where such non-compliance, default or violation
would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect. Anything contained in this Section 3.8(a)
to the contrary notwithstanding, no representation or warranty
shall be deemed to be made in this Section 3.8(a) in respect of the
matters referenced in Section 3.5 or 3.6, or in respect of
environmental or labor Law matters, each of which matters is
addressed by other sections of this Agreement.
(b) The Company and the Company’s
Subsidiaries are in possession of all franchises, grants,
authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances,
exceptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders of any
Governmental Entity necessary for the Company and the
Company’s Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate their
properties and assets or to carry on their businesses as they are
now being conducted (the “ Company Permits ”),
except where the failure to have any of the Company Permits would
not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material
Adverse Effect. All Company Permits are in full force and effect,
except where the failure to be in full force and effect would not
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. No suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits
is pending or threatened, except where such suspension or
cancellation would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries
are not, and since December 31, 2004 have not been, in violation or
breach of, or default under, any Company Permit, except where such
violation, breach or default would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse Effect. As of the date
of this Agreement, to the knowledge of the Company, no event or
condition has occurred or exists which would result in a violation
of, breach, default or loss of a benefit under, or acceleration of
an obligation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under, any
Company Permit (in each case, with or without notice or lapse of
time or both), except for violations, breaches,
defaults,
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losses or
accelerations that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.9 Environmental Laws and
Regulations . Except as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company
and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in
compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws (as hereinafter
defined), (ii) there has been no release of any Hazardous Substance
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in any manner that could
reasonably be expected to give rise to any remedial obligation or
corrective action requirement under applicable Environmental Laws,
(iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received
any written notices, demand letters or written requests for
information from any Governmental Entity alleging that the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of, or liable under, any
Environmental Law, (iv) to the Company’s knowledge no
Hazardous Substance has been disposed of, released or transported
in violation of any applicable Environmental Law, or in a manner
giving rise to any liability under Environmental Law, from any
properties while owned or operated by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries as a result of any operations or activities of the
Company or its Subsidiaries, (v) neither the Company, or its
Subsidiaries nor any of their respective properties are subject to
any liabilities relating to any suit, settlement, court order,
administrative order, regulatory requirement, judgment or written
claim asserted or arising under any Environmental Law or any
agreement relating to environmental liabilities and (vi) to the
knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has ever manufactured asbestos-containing
materials.
(a) As used herein, “Environmental
Law” means any Law relating to (i) the protection,
preservation or restoration of the environment (including air,
water vapor, surface water, groundwater, drinking water supply,
surface land, subsurface land, plant and animal life or any other
natural resource), or (ii) the exposure to, or the use, storage,
recycling, treatment, generation, transportation, processing,
handling, labeling, production, release or disposal of Hazardous
Substances, in each case as in effect at the date
hereof.
(b) As used herein, “Hazardous
Substance” means any substance listed, defined, designated or
classified as hazardous, toxic, radioactive or dangerous under any
Environmental Law. Hazardous Substance includes any substance to
which exposure is regulated by any Governmental Entity or any
Environmental Law including any toxic waste, pollutant,
contaminant, hazardous substance, toxic substance, hazardous waste,
special waste, industrial substance or petroleum or any derivative
or byproduct thereof, radon, radioactive material, asbestos or
asbestos containing material, urea formaldehyde, foam insulation or
polychlorinated biphenyls.
(c) The generality of any other representations
and warranties in this Agreement notwithstanding, this Section 3.8
shall be deemed to contain the only representations and warranties
in this Agreement with respect to Environmental Law, Hazardous
Substances and any other environmental matter.
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Section 3.10
Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 3.10(a) of the Company Disclosure
Letter lists all “multiemployer plans” within the
meaning of 4001(a)(3) of ERISA (each a “ Multiemployer
Plan ”) to which the Company or its Subsidiaries
contributes, Company Benefit Plans that are employee welfare plans
within the meaning of Section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA
”), any employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of
Section 3(2) of ERISA and all other material Company Benefit Plans
(whether or not such plan is subject to ERISA). “Company
Benefit Plans” means all employee or director compensation
and/or benefit plans, programs, policies, agreements or other
arrangements, including any employee welfare plan within the
meaning of Section 3(1) of ERISA, any employee pension benefit plan
within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA (whether or not such
plan is subject to ERISA), and any bonus, incentive, deferred
compensation, vacation, stock purchase, stock option, severance,
employment, change of control or fringe benefit plan, program,
agreement or arrangement (other than any Multiemployer Plan and any
other plan, program or arrangement maintained by an entity other
than the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to any
collective bargaining agreements), in each case that are sponsored,
maintained or contributed to by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries for the benefit of current or former employees,
directors or consultants of the Company or its Subsidiaries. It is
agreed and understood that no representation or warranty is made in
respect of ERISA matters in any Section of this Agreement other
than this Section 3.10 and Section 3.16.
(b) The Company has heretofore made available
to Parent true and complete copies of each of the material Company
Benefit Plans (or with respect to unwritten plans, a written
description thereof) and material related documents, including plan
documents, trust agreements and other funding arrangements, but not
limited to, (i) each writing constituting a part of such Company
Benefit Plan, including all amendments thereto; (ii) the three most
recent Annual Reports (Form 5500 Series) and accompanying
schedules, if any; (iii) the most recent determination letter from
the IRS (if applicable) for such Company Benefit Plan and (iv) all
material communications received from or sent to the IRS, the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or the Department of Labor and
any schedules thereto.
(c) (i) Each Company Benefit Plan has been
maintained and administered in compliance with its terms and with
applicable Law, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code to
the extent applicable thereto, (ii) each of the Company Benefit
Plans intended to be “qualified” within the meaning of
Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination
letter from the IRS or is entitled to rely upon a favorable opinion
issued by the IRS, and, to the knowledge of the Company, there are
no existing circumstances or any events that have occurred that
could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualified
status of any such plan; (iii) no Company Benefit Plan is subject
to Title IV of ERISA; (iv) no Company Benefit Plan provides retiree
medical or other welfare benefits, other than (A) coverage mandated
by applicable Law or (B) benefits under any “employee pension
plan”; (v) no liability under Title IV of ERISA has been
incurred by the Company, its Subsidiaries or any ERISA Affiliate of
the Company that has not been satisfied in full; (vi) all
contributions or other amounts payable by the Company or its
Subsidiaries as of the date hereof with respect to each Company
Benefit Plan in respect of current or prior plan years have been
paid or accrued in accordance with GAAP (other than with respect to
amounts not yet due); (vii) neither the
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Company
nor its Subsidiaries has engaged in a transaction in connection
with which the Company or its Subsidiaries reasonably could be
subject to either a civil penalty assessed pursuant to Section 409
or 502(i) of ERISA or a material tax imposed pursuant to Section
4975 or 4976 of the Code; and (viii) there are no pending,
threatened or, to the knowledge of the Company, anticipated claims
(other than claims for benefits in accordance with the terms of the
Company Benefit Plans) by, on behalf of or against any of the
Company Benefit Plans or any trusts related thereto which could
reasonably be expected to result in any liability of the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries except in the case of clauses (i), (vi) and
(viii) as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect. “ERISA Affiliate”
means, with respect to any entity, trade or business, any other
entity, trade or business that is a member of a group described in
Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b)(1)
of ERISA that includes the first entity, trade or business, or that
is a member of the same “controlled group” as the first
entity, trade or business pursuant to Section 4001(a)(14) of
ERISA.
(d) Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has, at any time during the last six years,
contributed to or been obligated to contribute to any Multiemployer
Plan other than as set forth on Section 3.10(d) of the Company
Disclosure Letter.
(e) The consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement will not, either alone or in
combination with another event, (i) entitle any current or former
employee, consultant, officer or director of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries to severance pay, unemployment compensation or any
other payment, except as expressly provided in Section 2.3 hereto,
(ii) result in any payment becoming due, accelerate the time of
payment or vesting, or increase the amount of compensation due to
any such employee, consultant, officer or director, except as
expressly provided in Section 2.3 hereof, (iii) result in any
forgiveness of indebtedness, trigger any funding obligation under
any Company Benefit Plan or impose any restrictions or limitations
on the Company’s rights to administer, amend or terminate any
Company Benefit Plan, or (iv) result in any payment that could
reasonably be construed, individually or in combination with any
other such payment, to constitute an “excess parachute
payment” (as defined in Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code), in
each case except as set forth in Section 3.10(e) of the Company
Disclosure Letter. Except as set forth in the Executive Agreements
listed in Section 3.10(e) of the Company Disclosure Letter, no
person is entitled to receive any additional payment (including,
without limitation, any tax gross up or other payment) from the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other person as a result
of the imposition of the excise tax required by Section 4999(a) of
the Code.
(f) Each “nonqualified deferred
compensation plan” (as defined in Section 409A(d)(1) of the
Code) of the Company has been operated since January 1, 2005 in
good faith compliance with Section 409A of the Code, the proposed
regulations thereunder, IRS Notice 2005-1, Notice 2005-91, Notice
2006-33, Notice 2006-79 and Notice 2006-100. Each Stock Option has
been granted with an exercise price no lower than “fair
market value” (within the meaning of Section 409A and 422 of
the Code) as of the grant date of such option.
Section 3.11 Absence of Certain Changes or
Events . Since June 30, 2006 through the date of this
Agreement, (a) except as otherwise expressly contemplated or
required by this Agreement, the businesses of the Company and its
Subsidiaries have been conducted, in all material respects, in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and
there
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have not
been any facts, circumstances, events, changes, effects or
occurrences that have had or would have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect and (b) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken or agreed to take any
action that would be prohibited by clauses (v), (vi), (vii), (xi),
(xvi) or (xvii) of Section 5.1(b) .
Section 3.12 Investigations; Litigation
. As of the date hereof, there are no (a) investigations or
proceedings pending (or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened) by any Governmental Entity with respect to the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries or (b) actions, suits or proceedings
pending (or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened) against
or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of
their respective properties at law or in equity before, to the
Company’s knowledge, and there are no orders, judgments or
decrees of any Governmental Entity against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, in each case of clause (a) or (b), which would
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.13 Proxy Statement; Other
Information . The proxy statement (including the letter to
stockholders, notice of meeting and form of proxy, the “
Proxy Statement ”) to be filed by the Company with the
SEC in connection with seeking the adoption of this Agreement by
the stockholders of the Company will not, at the time it is filed
with the SEC, or at the time it is first mailed to the stockholders
of the Company or at the time of the Company Meeting, and at the
time of any amendments or supplements thereto, contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
are made, not misleading. The Company will cause the Proxy
Statement to comply as to form in all material respects with the
requirements of the Exchange Act applicable thereto as of the date
of such filing. No representation is made by the Company with
respect to statements made in the Proxy Statement based on
information supplied, or required to be supplied, by Parent, Merger
Sub or any of their affiliates specifically for inclusion or
incorporation by reference therein.
Section 3.14 Rights Plan . The Board of
Directors of the Company has resolved to, and the Company after the
execution of this Agreement will, take all action necessary to
render the Rights inapplicable to the Merger and the execution and
operation of this Agreement. Neither the execution and delivery of
this Agreement nor the consummation of the Merger and any of the
transactions contemplated hereby will result in the occurrence of a
Distribution Date, as defined in the Rights Agreement, or otherwise
cause the Rights to become exercisable by the holders
thereof.
Section 3.15 Tax Matters . Except as
would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect:
(a) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries
have prepared and duly and timely filed (taking into account any
extension of time within which to file) all Tax Returns required to
be filed by any of them and all such filed Tax Returns are complete
and accurate in all respects;
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(b) the Company and each of its
Subsidiaries have duly and timely paid all Taxes that are required
to be paid by any of them (whether or not shown as due on such Tax
Return);
(c) there are not pending, outstanding or
threatened in writing, any audits, examinations, investigations or
other proceedings in respect of Taxes of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries;
(d) no deficiency with respect to Taxes has
been proposed, asserted or assessed in each case, in writing,
against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
(e) there are no requests for rulings or
determinations in respect of any material Taxes or material Tax
Returns pending between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries on
the one hand and any authority responsible for such Taxes or Tax
Returns on the other;
(f) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries
has timely withheld and paid all Taxes required to be withheld and
paid in connection with amounts paid or owing to any employee,
creditor, independent contractor, shareholder or other third party
and is in compliance with all applicable rules and regulations
regarding the solicitation, collection and maintenance of any
forms, certifications and other information required in connection
therewith;
(g) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has any liability as a result of being a party to any
Tax sharing, Tax indemnity or other agreement or arrangement
relating to Taxes (other than an agreement or arrangement solely
among members of an affiliated, consolidated or unitary group the
common parent of which is the Company or which includes only the
Company and/or its Subsidiaries);
(h) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has any liability for Taxes as a result of having been
a member of any affiliated group within the meaning of Section
1504(a) of the Code, or any similar affiliated or consolidated
group for Tax purposes under state, local or foreign law (other
than a group the common parent of which is the Company or which
includes only the Company and/or its Subsidiaries), or has any
liability for the Taxes of any person (other than the Company and
its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 or
any similar provision of state, local or foreign law, or as a
transferee or successor, or otherwise;
(i) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has been a “controlled corporation” or a
“distributing corporation” in any distribution that was
purported or intended to be governed by Section 355 of the Code
within the two-year period ending on the date hereof;
and
(j) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has entered into any “listed transaction”
within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section
1.6011-4(b)(2).
As used in this Agreement, (i)
“Taxes” means any and all domestic or foreign, federal,
state, local or other taxes, charges, fees, imposts, levies or
other assessments of any kind (together with any and all interest,
penalties, additions to tax and additional amounts imposed with
respect thereto) imposed by any Governmental Entity, including
taxes on or with respect to income, franchises, windfall or other
profits, gross receipts, property, sales, use, capital
stock,
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payroll,
employment, unemployment, social security, workers’
compensation or net worth, and taxes in the nature of excise,
withholding, ad valorem or value added and (ii) “Tax
Return” means any return, report or similar filing (including
the attached schedules, supplements and additional or supporting
material) filed or required to be filed with respect to Taxes,
including any information return, claim for refund, amended return
or declaration of estimated Taxes (and including any amendments
with respect thereto). It is agreed and understood that no
representation or warranty is made in respect of Tax matters in any
Section of this Agreement other than this Section 3.15.
Section 3.16 Labor Matters . Except for
such matters which would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, (a) as of the date
hereof, (i) there are no strikes or lockouts with respect to any
employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (“
Employees ”), (ii) to the knowledge of the Company,
there is no union organizing effort pending or threatened against
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) there is no unfair
labor practice, labor dispute (other than routine individual
grievances) or labor arbitration proceeding pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, and (iv) there is no slowdown, or work stoppage
in effect or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened with
respect to Employees, (b) the Company and its Subsidiaries are in
compliance with all applicable Laws respecting (i) employment and
employment practices, (ii) terms and conditions of employment and
wages and hours and (iii) unfair labor practices and (c) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities under
the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act of 1998 (the “
WARN Act ”) as a result of any action taken by the
Company (other than at the written direction of Parent or as a
result of any of the transactions contemplated hereby). Except for
such matters which would not have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries has received written notice during the
past two years of the intent of any Governmental Entity responsible
for the enforcement of labor, employment, occupational health and
safety or workplace safety and insurance/workers compensation laws
to conduct an investigation of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, no such
investigation is in progress. It is agreed and understood that no
representation or warranty is made in respect of labor matters in
any Section of this Agreement other than Section 3.10 and this
Section 3.16.
Section 3.17 Intellectual Property .
Except as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Company Material Adverse Effect, either the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company owns, or is licensed or otherwise possesses legally
enforceable rights to use, all material trademarks, trade names,
service marks, service names, mark registrations, logos, assumed
names, registered and unregistered copyrights, patents or
applications and registrations used in their respective businesses
as currently conducted (collectively, the “
Intellectual Property ”). Except as would not
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect, (a) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened claims by any person alleging infringement by
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for their use of the
Intellectual Property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (b)
to the knowledge of the Company, the conduct of the business of the
Company and its Subsidiaries does not infringe any intellectual
property rights of any person, (c) neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries has made any claim of a violation or infringement
by others of its rights to or in connection with the Intellectual
Property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (iv) to the
knowledge of the
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Company,
no person is infringing any Intellectual Property of the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries.
Section 3.18 Property . Except as would
not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material
Adverse Effect, the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company owns and
has good and indefeasible title to all of its owned real property
and good title to all its personal property and has valid leasehold
interests in all of its leased properties free and clear of all
Liens (except for Permitted Liens, and except for title exceptions,
defects, liens, charges, restrictions, encumbrances, restrictive
covenants and other matters, whether or not of record, which in the
aggregate do not materially affect the continued use of the
property for the purposes for which the property is currently being
used (assuming the timely discharge of all obligations owing under
or related to the owned real property, the personal property and
the leased property) by the Company or a Subsidiary of the
Company), sufficient to conduct their respective businesses as
currently conducted. Except as would not have, individually or in
the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse Effect, all leases under
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries leases any real or
personal property are valid and effective against the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries and there is not, under any of such leases,
any existing default by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, to
the Company’s Knowledge, the counterparties thereto, or, to
the Company’s knowledge, any event, fact or circumstance
which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become a default
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the
Company’s knowledge, the counterparties thereto.
Section 3.19 Opinion of Financial
Advisors . The Special Committee has received the oral opinion,
to be confirmed in writing, of Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
(“Citigroup”) to the effect that, as of the date of
this Agreement and based upon and subject to the factors and
assumptions set forth in such opinion, the Merger Consideration to
be received by holders of Common Stock is fair, from a financial
point of view, to such holders; and the Board of Directors of the
Company has received the oral opinion, to be confirmed in writing,
of UBS Securities LLC (“UBS”), to the effect that, as
of the date of this Agreement, and based upon and subject to the
factors and assumptions set forth in such opinion, the Merger
Consideration is fair to the holders of Common Stock from a
financial point of view.
Section 3.20 Required Vote of the Company
Stockholders . The affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock is the only vote
or consent of holders of securities of the Company which is
required to approve this Agreement and the Merger (the “
Company Stockholder Approval ”).
Section 3.21
Contracts .
(a) Except as set forth in Section 3.21 of the
Company Disclosure Letter or as filed with the SEC, as of the date
hereof neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party
to or bound by, as of the date hereof, any Contract (whether
written or oral) (i) which is a “material contract” (as
such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K of the
SEC) to the Company; (ii) which constitutes a contract or
commitment relating to indebtedness for borrowed money or the
deferred purchase price of property (in either case, whether
incurred, assumed, guaranteed or secured by any asset) in excess of
$1,000,000; (iii) which is a customer or supply agreement providing
for the receipt or expenditure of more than $300,000 on an
annual
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basis; or
(iv) which contains any provision that prior to or following the
Effective Time would materially restrict or alter the conduct of
business of, or purport to materially restrict or alter the conduct
of business of, whether or not binding on, Parent or any Affiliate
of the Parent (other than the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or
any director, officer or employee of any of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries) (all contracts of the type described in this
Section 3.20(a) (other than clause (iv)) being referred to herein
as “ Company Specified Contracts ”).
(b) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary of
the Company is in breach of or default under the terms of any
Company Specified Contract where such breach or default would have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, no party to any Company
Specified Contract is in breach of or default under the terms of
any Company Specified Contract where such breach or default would
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company Material Adverse
Effect. Except as would not have, individually or in the aggregate,
a Company Material Adverse Effect, each Company Specified Contract
is a valid and binding obligation of the Company or the Subsidiary
of the Company which is party thereto and, to the knowledge of the
Company, of each other party thereto, and is in full force and
effect, except that (i) such enforcement may be subject to
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar Laws, now or hereafter in effect, relating to
creditors’ rights generally and (ii) equitable remedies of
specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable
relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion
of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be
brought.
Section 3.22 Finders or Brokers . Except
for UBS and Citigroup, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has engaged any investment banker, broker or finder in
connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement who
might be entitled to any fee or any commission in connection with
or upon consummation of the Merger or the other transactions
contemplated thereby.
Section 3.23 Interested Party
Transactions . Except for employment Contracts filed or
incorporated by reference as an exhibit to a Company SEC Document
filed prior to the date hereof or Company Benefit Plans, Section
3.23 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a correct and
complete list of the contracts or arrangements that are in
existence as of the date of this Agreement under which the Company
has any existing or future liabilities between the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, any
(A) present officer or director of either the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or any person that has served as such an officer or
director within the past two years or any of such officer’s
or director’s immediate family members, (B) record or
beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Shares as of the date
hereof, or (C) to the knowledge of the Company, any Affiliate of
any such officer, director or owner (other than the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries) (each, an “ Affiliate
Transaction ”). The Company has provided to Parent
correct and complete copies of each Contract or other relevant
documentation (including any amendments or modifications thereto)
providing for each Affiliate Transaction.
Section 3.24 Insurance . The Company and
its Subsidiaries maintain, or are entitled to the benefits of,
insurance covering their properties, operations, personnel and
businesses that are customary for businesses of their type. Except
as would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Company
Material Adverse Effect, none of the Company or its
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Subsidiaries has received notice from any
insurer or agent of such insurer that substantial capital
improvements or other expenditures will have to be made in order to
continue such insurance, and all such insurance is outstanding and
duly in force.
Section 3.25 Customers and Suppliers .
As of the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has received any notice or has any reason to believe
that any significant customer or distributor of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries has materially reduced or will materially
reduce, the use of products or services of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, either as a result of this Agreement, the Merger
or the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby or otherwise.
To the Company’s knowledge, as of the date hereof there is no
dispute with a material customer that would reasonably be expected
to jeopardize the Company’s relationship with that material
customer. From June 30, 2006 through the date hereof, there has not
been any change in the terms and conditions of sale of raw
materials, supplies or other products or services supplied to the
Company by its significant suppliers, and neither the Company nor
any of its Subsidiaries has knowledge that there will be such a
change (other than general and customary price increases),
including as a result of this Agreement, the Merger and the
transactions contemplated hereby.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND
MERGER SUB
Except as disclosed in the disclosure schedule
delivered by Parent to the Company immediately prior to the
execution of this Agreement (the “ Parent Disclosure
Letter ”), Parent and Merger Sub jointly and severally
represent and warrant to the Company as follows:
Section 4.1 Qualification, Organization,
Subsidiaries, etc . Each of Parent and Merger Sub is a legal
entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under
the Laws of its respective jurisdiction of organization and has all
requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease
and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business
as presently conducted and is qualified to do business and is in
good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where
the ownership, leasing or operation of its assets or properties or
conduct of its business requires such qualification, except where
the failure to be so organized, validly existing, qualified or in
good standing, or to have such power or authority, would not,
individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay the
Closing or prevent or materially delay or materially impair the
ability of Parent or Merger Sub to satisfy the conditions precedent
to the Merger, to obtain financing for the Merger or to consummate
the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement (a “ Parent Material Adverse Effect
”). Parent has made available to the Company prior to the
date of this Agreement a true and complete copy of the certificates
of incorporation and by-laws or other equivalent organizational
documents of Parent and Merger Sub, each as amended through the
date hereof.
Section 4.2
Corporate Authority Relative to This Agreement; No Violation
.
(a) Each of Parent and Merger Sub has all
requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this
Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation
of the transactions
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contemplated hereby have been duly and validly
authorized by the Boards of Directors of Parent and Merger Sub and
by Parent, as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub, and, except for
the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State
of the State of Delaware, no other corporate proceedings on the
part of Parent or Merger Sub are necessary to authorize the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. This
Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by
Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming this Agreement constitutes the
valid and binding agreement of the Company, this Agreement
constitutes the valid and binding agreement of Parent and Merger
Sub, enforceable against each of Parent and Merger Sub in
accordance with its terms.
(b) The execution, delivery and performance by
Parent and Merger Sub of this Agreement and the consummation of the
Merger by Parent and Merger Sub do not and will not require any
consent, approval, authorization or permit of, action by, filing
with or notification to any Governmental Entity, other than (i) the
filing of the Certificate of Merger, (ii) compliance with the
applicable requirements of the HSR Act, (iii) compliance with the
applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, (iv) compliance with
any applicable state securities or blue sky laws, and (v) the other
consents and/or notices set forth on Section 4.2(b) of the Parent
Disclosure Letter (collectively, clauses (i) through (v), the
“ Parent Approvals ”), and other than any
consent, approval, a