Exhibit 2.1
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
DATED AS OF SEPTEMBER 20,
2006
AMONG
INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY GROUP,
INC.,
ITG ACQUISITION, INC.
AND
VITRIA TECHNOLOGY,
INC.
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF
MERGER
This AGREEMENT AND PLAN
OF MERGER, dated as of September 20, 2006 (this “
Agreement ”), is among INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY GROUP,
INC., a Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), ITG
ACQUISITION, INC., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly
owned Subsidiary of Parent (“ Merger Sub ”), and
VITRIA TECHNOLOGY, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “
Company ”). Certain terms used in this Agreement are
used as defined in Section 8.13.
WHEREAS, Parent desires
to acquire the entire equity interest in the Company and to provide
for the payment of $2.75 per share in cash for all shares of
the issued and outstanding Company Common Stock (as hereinafter
defined) not held as of the Effective Time (as hereinafter defined)
by Parent, Merger Sub or the Parent Group (as hereinafter
defined);
WHEREAS, immediately
prior to the execution of this Agreement by the parties hereto,
Parent, certain of its affiliates and certain persons or entities
identified on Schedule A hereto (collectively, the “
Parent Group ”), beneficially and of record owned
9,861,503 outstanding shares (excluding options) of Company Common
Stock, constituting approximately 29% of the issued and outstanding
shares of Company Common Stock;
WHEREAS, the respective
Boards of Directors of the Company and Merger Sub have approved and
declared advisable, and the Board of Directors of Parent has
approved, this Agreement and the merger of Merger Sub with and into
the Company (the “ Merger ”), on the terms and
subject to the conditions provided for in this
Agreement;
WHEREAS, concurrently
with the execution of this Agreement, and as a condition and
inducement to the Company’s willingness to enter into this
Agreement, the members of the Parent Group are entering into voting
agreements with the Company; and
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger
Sub and the Company desire to make certain representations,
warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with the Merger
and also to prescribe various conditions to the Merger.
NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements contained in this Agreement, and intending to be legally
bound hereby, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company hereby agree as
follows:
ARTICLE 1
The Merger
Section
1.1
The Merger . Upon the terms and subject
to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in accordance
with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the
“ DGCL ”), at the Effective Time, Merger Sub
shall be merged with and into the Company, and the separate
corporate existence of Merger Sub shall thereupon cease, and the
Company shall be the surviving corporation in the Merger (the
“ Surviving Corporation ”).
Section
1.2
Closing . The closing of the Merger (the
“ Closing ”) shall take place at 10:00 a.m.
(California time) on a date to be specified by the parties, which
date shall be no later than the second business day after
satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in
Article 6 (other than those conditions that by their nature
are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction
or waiver of such conditions), unless another time or date, or
both, are agreed to in writing by the parties hereto. The date on
which the Closing is held is herein referred to as the
“Closing Date.” The Closing will be held at the offices
of Cooley Godward LLP, 3175 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, California
94304, unless another place is agreed to in writing by the parties
hereto.
Section
1.3
Effective Time . Subject to the
provisions of this Agreement, on the Closing Date the parties shall
file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a
certificate of merger (the “ Certificate of Merger
”), executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the DGCL. The Merger shall become effective upon the filing of the
Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware or at such later time as is agreed to by the parties
hereto and specified in the Certificate of Merger (the time at
which the Merger becomes effective is herein referred to as the
“ Effective Time ”).
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Section
1.4
Effects of the Merger . From and after
the Effective Time, the Merger shall have the effects set forth in
the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and
subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all the properties, rights,
privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub
shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities
and duties of the Company and Merger Sub shall become the debts,
liabilities and duties of the Surviving Corporation.
Section
1.5
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Surviving
Corporation .
(a) The certificate
of incorporation of the Company, as in effect immediately prior to
the Effective Time, shall be amended in the Merger to be in the
form of Exhibit A hereto and, as so amended, such certificate
of incorporation shall be the certificate of incorporation of the
Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided therein
or by applicable Law.
(b) Parent shall
take all necessary actions to cause the bylaws of Merger Sub, in
the form attached as Exhibit B hereto, to be the bylaws of the
Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided therein
or by applicable Law.
Section
1.6
Directors of the Surviving Corporation .
The directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be the directors of the Surviving Corporation
immediately following the Effective Time, until the earlier of
their resignation or removal or until their respective successors
are duly elected and qualified, as the case may be.
Section
1.7
Officers of the Surviving Corporation .
The officers of the Company immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation
until their respective successors are duly appointed and qualified
or their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with
the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving
Corporation.
Section
1.8
Additional Actions . If, at any time
after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall determine
that any deeds, bills of sale, assignments or assurances in law or
any other acts are reasonably necessary to vest, perfect or
confirm, of record or otherwise, in the Surviving Corporation its
right, title or interest in, to or under any of the rights,
properties or assets of the Company or Merger Sub, the officers and
directors of the Surviving Corporation and Parent shall be fully
authorized in the name of the Company to take any and all such
action.
ARTICLE 2
Effect of the Merger on the Capital
Stock of the Constituent Corporations;
Exchange of Certificates; Company
Stock Options
Section
2.1
Effect on Capital Stock. At the Effective
Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of
the holder of any shares of Company Capital Stock or any shares of
capital stock of Merger Sub:
(a) Capital Stock
of Merger Sub. Each issued and outstanding share of capital stock
of Merger Sub shall be converted into and become one validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock, par
value $0.001 per share, of the Surviving Corporation;
(b) Cancellation of
Treasury Stock and Parent-Owned Stock. Any shares of Company
Capital Stock that are owned by the Company as treasury stock, and
any shares of Company Capital Stock owned by Parent, Merger Sub,
any other wholly owned Subsidiary of Parent, or held by those
persons or entities listed in Schedule A attached hereto,
shall be automatically canceled and shall cease to exist and no
consideration shall be delivered in exchange
therefor; and
(c) Conversion of
Company Common Stock. Each issued and outstanding share of Company
Common Stock (other than shares to be canceled in accordance with
Section 2.1(b) and Appraisal Shares) shall be converted into
the right to receive $2.75 in cash, without interest (the “
Per Share Amount ”). As used herein, the term “
Merger Consideration ” means the cash payable to
former stockholders of the Company pursuant to this
Section 2.1(c).
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Section
2.2
Appraisal Rights . Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, shares of Company
Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time that are held by any holder who is entitled to
demand and properly demands appraisal of such shares pursuant to,
and who complies in all respects with, the provisions of
Section 262 of the DGCL (“ Section 262
”) shall not be converted into the right to receive the
Merger Consideration as provided in Section 2.1(c), but
instead such holder shall be entitled to payment of the fair value
of such shares (the “ Appraisal Shares ”) in
accordance with the provisions of Section 262. At the
Effective Time, all Appraisal Shares shall no longer be outstanding
and shall automatically be canceled and shall cease to exist, and
each holder of Appraisal Shares shall cease to have any rights with
respect thereto, except the right to receive the fair value of such
Appraisal Shares in accordance with the provisions of
Section 262. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any such holder
shall fail to perfect or otherwise shall waive, withdraw or lose
the right to appraisal under Section 262 or a court of
competent jurisdiction shall determine that such holder is not
entitled to the relief provided by Section 262, then the right
of such holder to be paid the fair value of such holder’s
Appraisal Shares under Section 262 shall cease and each of
such Appraisal Shares shall be deemed to have been converted at the
Effective Time into, and shall have become, the right to receive
the Per Share Amount as provided in Section 2.1(c). The
Company shall (i) deliver prompt notice to Parent of any
demands for appraisal of any shares of Company Common Stock, and
(ii) give Parent the opportunity to participate in all
negotiations and proceedings with respect to any such demand. Prior
to the Effective Time, the Company shall not, without the prior
written consent of Parent, such consent not to be unreasonably
withheld or delayed, make any payment with respect to, or settle or
offer to settle, any such demands, or agree to do any of the
foregoing.
Section
2.3
Surrender of Certificates .
(a) Paying
Agent . Prior to the Effective Time, Parent
shall designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to
the Company to act as agent (the “ Paying Agent
”) for payment of the Merger Consideration upon surrender of
the certificates that immediately prior to the Effective Time
represented shares of Company Capital Stock (each such certificate,
a “ Certificate ”). Immediately following the
Effective Time, Parent shall deposit, or cause to be deposited,
with the Paying Agent cash sufficient to pay the aggregate Merger
Consideration payable pursuant to Section 2.1(c) upon
surrender of Certificates representing outstanding shares of
Company Capital Stock (it being understood that Parent may cause
the Surviving Corporation to deposit a portion of such cash amount
with the Paying Agent, provided, however, that Parent shall
not cause the Surviving Corporation to deposit with the Paying
Agent any amount of cash which, after such deposit, would cause the
Surviving Corporation: (i) to be unable to pay its debts
(including trade debts) as they mature; (ii) to have the fair
value of the Surviving Corporation’s liabilities exceed the
fair value of its assets as a going concern; or (iii) to be
left with unreasonably small capital). Such funds provided to the
Paying Agent are referred to herein as the “ Payment
Fund .”
(b) Payment
Procedures . Promptly after the Effective Time,
the Paying Agent shall mail to each holder of record of a
Certificate: (i) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify
that delivery of the Certificates shall be effected, and risk of
loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery
of the Certificates to the Paying Agent); and
(ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the
Certificates in exchange for the right to receive the Per Share
Amount with respect to each share of Company Common Stock evidenced
by such Certificate. Upon surrender of a Certificate for
cancellation to the Paying Agent, together with such letter of
transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with
the instructions (and such other customary documents as may
reasonably be required by the Paying Agent), the holder of such
Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor the
Per Share Amount with respect to each share of Company Common Stock
evidenced by such Certificate, and the Certificate so surrendered
shall forthwith be canceled. In the event of a transfer of
ownership of shares of Company Capital Stock that is not registered
in the transfer records of the Company, the proper amount of cash
may be paid in exchange therefor to a Person other than the Person
in whose name the Certificate so surrendered is registered if such
Certificate shall be properly endorsed or shall otherwise be in
proper form for transfer and the Person requesting such payment
shall pay any transfer and other Taxes required by reason of the
payment to a Person other than the registered holder of such
Certificate or establish to the reasonable satisfaction of the
Surviving Corporation that such Tax either has been paid or is not
applicable. Until surrendered as contemplated by this
Section 2.3(b), each Certificate shall be deemed at any time
after the Effective Time to represent only the right to receive
upon such surrender the Per Share Amount with respect to each share
of Company Common Stock
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evidenced by such Certificate. No
interest will be paid or will accrue on the Merger Consideration
payable upon surrender of any Certificate.
(c) Transfer
Books; No Further Ownership Rights in Company Stock
. At the Effective Time: (i) all shares of Company
Capital Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
shall automatically be canceled and retired and shall cease to
exist, and all holders of Certificates representing shares of
Company Capital Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to
the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights as stockholders
of the Company, except the right to receive the Per Share Amount
with respect to each share of Company Common Stock evidenced by
such Certificate upon surrender thereof in accordance with
Section 2.3(b); and (ii) the stock transfer books of the
Company shall be closed and there shall be no further registration
of transfers on the stock transfer books of the Surviving
Corporation of the shares of Company Capital Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. All cash paid
upon the surrender of Certificates in accordance with the terms of
this Article 2 shall be deemed to have been paid in full
satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the shares of Company
Capital Stock previously represented by such Certificates. Subject
to Section 2.3(e), if, at any time after the Effective Time,
Certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation or the
Paying Agent for any reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged
as provided in this Article 2.
(d) Lost,
Stolen or Destroyed Certificates . If any
Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the
making of an affidavit of that fact by the Person claiming such
Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by
Parent, the posting by such Person of a bond, in such reasonable
amount as Parent may direct, as indemnity against any claim that
may be made against it with respect to such Certificate, the Paying
Agent will pay the Per Share Amount to such Person in exchange for
each share of Company Common Stock evidenced by such lost, stolen
or destroyed Certificate.
(e)
Termination of Fund . Any portion of the
Payment Fund (including the proceeds of any investments thereof)
that remains undistributed to the former holders of the
Certificates one year after the Effective Time shall be delivered
by the Paying Agent to the Surviving Corporation upon demand. Any
former holders of Certificates who have not theretofore complied
with this Article 2 shall thereafter look only to the
Surviving Corporation for payment of the Merger Consideration
payable with respect thereto.
(f) No
Liability . Notwithstanding any provision of
this Agreement to the contrary, none of Parent, the Surviving
Corporation or the Paying Agent shall be liable to any Person for
any amount properly paid from the Payment Fund or delivered to a
public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property,
escheat or similar Law.
(g)
Investment of Payment Fund . Parent may
cause the Paying Agent to invest the Payment Fund in a money market
fund registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the
principal of which is invested solely in obligations issued or
guaranteed by the United States Government and repurchase
agreements in respect of such obligations. Any interest and other
income resulting from any such investment shall be the property of,
and shall be paid promptly to, Parent.
Section
2.4
Company Stock Options; ESPP .
(a) At the
Effective Time, Parent shall not assume any option granted pursuant
to a Company Stock Plan that is outstanding immediately prior to
the Effective Time (whether or not then vested or exercisable) and
that represents the right to acquire shares of Company Common Stock
(each, an “ Option ”) and shall not substitute
any similar option or right for any such Option. All outstanding
Options that have not been exercised by the holders thereof at or
prior to the Effective Time shall become fully vested and shall
terminate if not exercised prior to the Effective Time. Prior to
the Effective Time, the Company shall take all actions necessary to
terminate the Company Stock Plans, such termination to be effective
at or before the Effective Time. At the Effective Time, Eligible
Options (as hereinafter defined) shall be converted into the right
to receive a cash amount equal to the Option Consideration (as
hereinafter defined) for each share of Company Common Stock then
subject to the Eligible Option (it being understood that
(i) with respect to an Eligible Option held by a Person whose
employment by the Company or its Subsidiaries was terminated prior
to the Effective Time, Option Consideration shall only be paid with
respect to the portion of such Eligible Option that was vested as
of the time such Person’s employment relationship with the
Company or its Subsidiaries terminated and the post-termination
exercise period applicable to such Eligible
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Options has not expired as set
forth in the documentation evidencing such Eligible Option and
(ii) with respect to Eligible Options which by the terms of
the grant documents relating thereto, specifically provide for less
acceleration than is provided for under the terms of the Company
Stock Plan pursuant to which such Eligible Option was granted, the
Option Consideration shall be paid only with respect to the portion
of such Eligible Option which vests pursuant to the terms of such
grant documents). Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall
deposit in a bank account an amount of cash equal to the sum of the
aggregate Option Consideration for each Eligible Option then
outstanding (subject to any applicable withholding tax), together
with instructions that such cash be promptly distributed following
the Effective Time to the holders of such Eligible Options in
accordance with this Section 2.4(a). For purposes of this
Agreement, “ Option Consideration ” means, with
respect to any share of Company Common Stock issuable under a
particular Eligible Option, an amount equal to the excess, if any,
of: (1) the Per Share Amount; over (2) the exercise price
payable in respect of such share of Company Common Stock issuable
under such Eligible Option. For purposes of this Agreement, “
Eligible Option ” means an Option with an exercise
price per share of less than the Per Share Amount that has not been
exercised prior to the Effective Time.
(b) The rights of
participants in the ESPP with respect to any offering period
underway immediately prior to the Effective Time under the ESPP
shall be determined by treating the last business day prior to the
Effective Time as the last day of such offering period and by
making such other pro-rata adjustments as may be necessary to
reflect the shortened offering period but otherwise treating such
shortened offering period as a fully effective and completed
offering period for all purposes under the ESPP. No offering period
shall commence on or after the date of this Agreement. Prior to the
Effective Time, the Company shall take all actions (including the
termination of the ESPP effective as of the Effective Time and, if
appropriate, amending the terms of the ESPP) that are necessary to
give effect to the limitations and transactions contemplated by
this Section 2.4(b).
(c) The Company and
Parent shall take such steps as may be reasonably requested by any
party hereto to cause dispositions of Company equity securities,
Options, Rights and Stock Awards pursuant to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement by each individual who is a director
or officer of the Company to be exempt under Rule 16b-3
promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with that certain
No-Action Letter dated January 12, 1999 issued by the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”)
regarding such matters.
(d) At the
Effective Time, as a result of the Merger, all shares of Company
Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
that are unvested or are subject to a repurchase option, risk of
forfeiture or other condition under any Company Stock Plan,
applicable restricted stock purchase agreement or other similar
agreement with the Company (“ Restricted Shares
”) shall be cancelled and substituted with a right to receive
future cash payments (“ Future Cash Payments ”)
which shall be equal, on a per share basis, to the Per Share
Amount. Future Cash Payments shall be payable pursuant to the same
vesting schedule and terms as were applicable to such Restricted
Shares immediately prior to the Effective Time and subject to any
repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition under any
Company Stock Plan, applicable restricted stock purchase agreement
or other similar agreement with the Company. The vesting of
Restricted Shares shall not be accelerated pursuant to the
Company’s 1999 Equity Incentive Plan solely as a result of
the Merger, and such vesting shall only be subject to acceleration
to the extent that such acceleration is expressly required by the
applicable restricted stock purchase agreement or other similar
agreement with the Company.
(e) Each of Parent,
Merger Sub and the Company agree that for purposes of the Company
Stock Plans, Parent, Merger Sub and the Surviving Corporation have
refused to assume the rights outstanding under such plans or
substitute similar rights therefore with respect to Options, and
have substituted similar rights with respect to Restricted
Shares.
Section
2.5
Withholding Taxes . Parent, the Surviving
Corporation and the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and
withhold from the Merger Consideration otherwise payable to a
former holder of shares of Company Capital Stock or Options
pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as may be required to be
deducted or withheld with respect to the making of such payment
under the Code, or under any applicable provision of state, local
or foreign Law. To the extent that amounts are so deducted and
withheld, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes under this
Agreement as having been paid to the Person in respect of which
such deduction and withholding was made.
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Section
2.6
Adjustments . If during the period from
the date of this Agreement through the Effective Time, any change
in the outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock or securities
convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for shares of
Company Capital Stock, shall occur by reason of any
reclassification, recapitalization, stock split or combination,
exchange or readjustment of shares of Company Capital Stock, or any
similar transaction, or any stock dividend thereon with a record
date during such period, the Per Share Amount shall be
appropriately adjusted to reflect such change.
ARTICLE 3
Representations and Warranties of
the Company
Except as set forth in
the disclosure schedule (each section of which qualifies the
correspondingly numbered section of this Agreement to the extent
specified therein and such other representations and warranties to
the extent the relevance of a matter in such section of the
disclosure schedule to the information called for by such other
representation and warranty is reasonably apparent) delivered by
the Company to Parent simultaneously with the execution of this
Agreement (the “ Company Disclosure Schedule ”),
the Company represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub as
follows:
Section
3.1
Organization, Standing and Corporate Power .
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is a
corporation duly organized, validly existing and, in the case of
the Company and its U.S. Subsidiaries, in good standing under
the Laws of the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated and has
all requisite corporate power and authority necessary to own or
lease all of its properties and assets and to carry on its business
as it is now being conducted. The Company and each of its
U.S. Subsidiaries is duly licensed or qualified to do business
and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of
the business conducted by it or the character or location of the
properties and assets owned or leased by it makes such licensing or
qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so
licensed, qualified or in good standing, individually or in the
aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have
a Company Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement,
the term “ Company Material Adverse Effect ”
shall mean any change, event, occurrence or circumstance which has
a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations or
financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a
whole; provided, however, that none of the following shall
be deemed either alone or in combination to constitute, and none of
the following shall be taken into account in determining whether
there has been or will be, a Company Material Adverse Effect:
(A) any effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance
relating to the U.S. or any foreign economy in general to the
extent that such effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance
does not have a materially disproportionate effect on the Company
and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (B) any effect, change,
event, occurrence or circumstance relating to the industries in
which the Company operates to the extent that such effect, change,
event, occurrence or circumstance does not have a materially
disproportionate effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries taken
as a whole; (C) any effect, change, event, occurrence or
circumstance relating to fluctuations in the value of currencies;
(D) any effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance
relating to acts of terrorism, war, national or international
calamity or any other similar event to the extent that such effect,
change, event, occurrence or circumstance does not have a
materially disproportionate effect on the Company and its
Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (E) any effect, change, event,
occurrence or circumstance that arises out of or results from the
announcement of this Agreement, the existence of this Agreement or
the fact that any of the Transactions may be consummated (including
any effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance resulting
from or relating to any litigation, any loss of or delay in placing
customer orders, any disruption in supplier, distributor, reseller
or similar relationships or any departure or loss of employees, in
each case that arises out of or results from the announcement of
this Agreement, the existence of this Agreement or the fact that
any of the Transactions may be consummated); (F) the failure
of the Company to meet internal or analysts’ expectations or
projections (it being understood, however, that the underlying
circumstances giving rise to such failure may be taken into account
unless otherwise excluded pursuant to this paragraph); (G) any
effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance that arises out
of or results from any action taken by the Company or its
Subsidiaries with Parent’s consent or from compliance by the
Company with the terms of, or the taking of any action required or
contemplated by this Agreement; (H) the Restructuring Plan (as
hereinafter defined), in and of itself, and any effect, change,
event, occurrence or circumstance that arises out of or results
from the implementation of it; (I) any effect, change, event,
occurrence or circumstance arising out of or resulting from the
failure of the Company
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or its Subsidiaries to take any
action referred to in Section 5.2 due to Parent’s
unreasonable withholding of consent or delaying its consent; and
(J) any effect, change, event, occurrence or circumstance that
arises out of or results from any of the matters set forth in
Section 3.1 of the Disclosure Schedule.
Section
3.2
Capitalization .
(a) The authorized
capital stock of the Company consists of 150,000,000 shares of
Company Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of Company Preferred
Stock. At the open of business on September 19, 2006:
(i) 34,260,353 shares of Company Common Stock were issued
and outstanding (123,900 of which were held by the Company in its
treasury); (ii) 15,358,724 shares of Company Common Stock
were reserved for issuance under the Vitria Technology, Inc. 1995
Equity Incentive Plan (which was amended and restated as the Vitria
Technology, Inc. Amended and Restated 1999 Equity Incentive Plan),
1998 Executive Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated 1999
Equity Incentive Plan (of which 4,984,147 shares of Company
Common Stock were subject to outstanding options granted thereunder
and 2,100,262 shares of Company Common Stock awarded
thereunder that were unvested or subject to a repurchase option,
risk of forfeiture or other similar condition in favor of the
Company); (iii) 3,849,994 shares of Company Common Stock
were reserved for issuance under the ESPP; and (iv) no shares
of Company Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. All
outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock have been duly
authorized and validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and
free of preemptive rights. Section 3.2(a) of the Company
Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list, as of the open of business
on September 19, 2006, of all outstanding options to purchase
shares of Company Common Stock, and all awards of Company Common
Stock that are subject to a repurchase option, risk of forfeiture
or other similar condition in favor of the Company, granted under
the Vitria Technology, Inc. Amended and Restated 1999 Equity
Incentive Plan and the Vitria Technology, Inc. 1998 Executive
Incentive Plan, and, for each such option and stock award:
(A) the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject
thereto; (B) the date of grant; (C) the expiration date
(if applicable); (D) the exercise or purchase price thereof;
(E) the name of the holder thereof; (F) the number of
options or shares that are vested; and (G) any provision for
the acceleration of vesting. Except as set forth above in this
Section 3.2(a), as of the date of this Agreement, there are
not any shares of Company Capital Stock issued and outstanding or
any subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, convertible or
exchangeable securities, rights, commitments or agreements of any
character providing for the issuance of any shares of Company
Capital Stock.
Section
3.3
Authority; Noncontravention; Voting Requirements
.
(a) The Company has
all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver
this Agreement and, subject to obtaining the Company Stockholder
Approval, to perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate
the Transactions. The execution, delivery and performance by the
Company of this Agreement, and the consummation by it of the
Transactions, have been duly authorized and approved by the Board
of Directors (as hereinafter defined), and except for obtaining the
Company Stockholder Approval for the adoption of this Agreement, no
other corporate action on the part of the Company is necessary to
authorize the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of
this Agreement and the consummation by it of the Transactions. This
Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and,
assuming due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by the
other parties hereto, constitutes a legal, valid and binding
obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in
accordance with its terms, except that such enforceability:
(i) may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent
transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of
general application affecting or relating to the enforcement of
creditors’ rights generally; and (ii) is subject to
general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding at
law or in equity (collectively, the “ Bankruptcy and
Equity Exception ”).
(b) The Board of
Directors, at a meeting duly called and held, acting on the
recommendation of the Strategic Committee (as hereinafter defined),
duly adopted resolutions (i) approving, adopting and declaring
advisable this Agreement, the Merger and the transactions
contemplated hereby, (ii) determining that the terms of this
Agreement and the Merger are fair to and in the best interests of
the Company and the Public Stockholders (as hereinafter defined)
and (iii) recommending that the Company’s stockholders
adopt this Agreement (such recommendation being referred as the
“ Company Board Recommendation ”).
(c) Neither the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company nor the
consummation by the Company of the Transactions, nor compliance by
the Company with any of the terms or provisions hereof, will in any
material respect: (i) conflict with or violate any provision
of the Company’s certificate of incorporation and
7
bylaws (the “ Company
Charter Documents ”) or any of the certificates of
incorporation and bylaws (or comparable organizational documents)
of each of the Company’s Subsidiaries (the “
Subsidiary Documents ”); or (ii) assuming that
the authorizations, consents and approvals referred to in
Section 3.4 and the Company Stockholder Approval are obtained
and the filings referred to in Section 3.4 are made:
(A) violate any Law, judgment, writ or injunction of any
Governmental Authority applicable to the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets; or
(B) violate or constitute a material default (or an event
which, with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a
material default) under, result in the termination of or a right of
termination or cancellation under, accelerate the performance
required by, or result in the creation of any liens, pledges,
charges, mortgages, encumbrances, adverse claims or security
interests (except for such transfer restrictions of general
applicability as may be provided under the Securities Act, and the
“blue sky” laws of the various States of the United
States) (collectively, “ Liens ”) (other than
Permitted Liens) upon any of the respective properties,
Intellectual Property or other assets of, the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of
any Material Contract.
(d) Assuming the
accuracy of the representations made in Section 4.8, the
affirmative vote (in person or by proxy) of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock at the
Company Stockholders Meeting or any adjournment or postponement
thereof in favor of the adoption of this Agreement (the “
Company Stockholder Approval ”) is the only vote or
approval of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which is necessary to adopt
this Agreement and approve the Transactions.
Section
3.4
Governmental Approvals . Except for:
(a) the filing with the SEC of a proxy statement relating to
the Company Stockholders Meeting (as amended or supplemented from
time to time, the “ Proxy Statement ”) and the
related transaction statement on Schedule 13E-3 (the “
Schedule 13E-3 ”) and other filings required
under, and compliance with other applicable requirements of, the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder (the “ Exchange Act
”), and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market; (b) the
filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of
the State of Delaware pursuant to the DGCL; (c) filings
required under, and compliance with other applicable requirements
of, the HSR Act; and (d) filings required under, and
compliance with other applicable requirements of,
non-U.S. Laws intended to prohibit, restrict or regulate
actions or transactions having the purpose or effect of
monopolization, restraint of trade, harm to competition or
effectuating foreign investment (collectively, “ Foreign
Antitrust Laws ”), no consents or approvals of, or
filings, declarations or registrations with, any Governmental
Authority are necessary for the execution and delivery of this
Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the
Transactions, other than such other consents, approvals, filings,
declarations or registrations that, if not obtained, made or given,
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Company Material Adverse Effect or to have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s ability to consummate the
Transactions.
Section
3.5
Company SEC Documents; Undisclosed Liabilities
.
(a) Since
January 1, 2003, the Company has filed and furnished all
required reports, schedules, forms, prospectuses and registration,
proxy and other statements required to be filed or furnished by it
with or to the SEC (collectively, and in each case including all
exhibits and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by
reference therein, the “ Company SEC Documents
”). None of the Company’s Subsidiaries is required to
file periodic reports with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act. As
of their respective effective dates (in the case of Company SEC
Documents that are registration statements filed pursuant to the
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “
Securities Act ”)) and as of the respective dates of
the last amendment filed with the SEC (in the case of all other
Company SEC Documents), the Company SEC Documents complied in all
material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act and the
Securities Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations
of the SEC promulgated thereunder, each as in effect on the
applicable date referred to above, applicable to such Company SEC
Documents, and none of the Company SEC Documents as of such
respective dates contained any untrue statement of a material fact
or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As of
the date of this Agreement, there are no material unresolved
comments issued by the staff of the SEC with respect to any of the
Company SEC Documents.
8
(b) Each of the
consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the
Company SEC Documents complied in all material respects with
applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and
regulations of the SEC with respect thereto, was prepared in
accordance with GAAP (except, in the case of unaudited quarterly
statements, as indicated in the notes thereto) applied on a
consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be
indicated in the notes thereto) and fairly presented in all
material respects the consolidated financial position of the
Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof
and the consolidated results of their operations and cash flows for
the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited quarterly
statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments, none of which has
been or will be, individually or in the aggregate, material to the
Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole).
(c) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of the
Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other Person
acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, has:
(i) used any corporate or other funds for unlawful
contributions, payments or gifts, or made any unlawful expenditures
relating to political activity to government officials or others or
established or maintained any unlawful or unrecorded funds, in any
case in violation of Section 30A of the Exchange Act; or
(ii) accepted or received any unlawful contributions,
payments, gifts or expenditures.
(d) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities or
obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or
otherwise), except liabilities or obligations: (i) as and to
the extent set forth on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of
the Company and its Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2006 (the
“ Balance Sheet Date ”) (including the notes
thereto) included in the Company SEC Documents filed by the Company
and publicly available prior to the date of this Agreement (“
Filed Company SEC Documents ”); (ii) incurred
after the Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice that, individually or in the
aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to
have a Company Material Adverse Effect; (iii) for performance
under each loan or credit agreement, debenture, note, bond,
mortgage, indenture, deed of trust, license, lease, contract or
other agreement, instrument or obligation, whether written or oral,
that is enforceable against the Company or its Subsidiaries (each,
a “ Contract ”) in accordance with their
respective terms and conditions; and (iv) under this
Agreement.
Section
3.6
Absence of Certain Changes or Events .
Except as disclosed in the Filed Company SEC Documents,
between the Balance Sheet Date and the date of this Agreement, the
Company and its Subsidiaries carried on and operated their
respective businesses in all material respects in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, and there has not
been any incurrence, assumption or guarantee by the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries of any indebtedness for borrowed
money.
Section
3.7
Legal Proceedings . Other than any legal,
administrative, arbitral or other proceedings related to patent
prosecutions and trademark applications by the Company and its
Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business or as disclosed in
the Filed Company SEC Documents, there is no pending or, to the
Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing, legal,
administrative, arbitral or other proceeding against, or, to the
Knowledge of the Company, governmental or regulatory investigation
of, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, nor is there any
injunction, order, judgment, ruling or decree imposed (or, to the
Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing to be imposed) upon
the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or the assets of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries (including their respective rights in
any Intellectual Property) by or before any Governmental Authority,
which would reasonably be expected to result in damages to the
Company or its Subsidiaries in excess of $200,000 in any individual
case or $800,000 in the aggregate.
Section
3.8
Compliance With Laws . The Company and
its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance in all material
respects with all laws (including common law), statutes,
ordinances, codes, rules, regulations, decrees and orders of
Governmental Authorities (collectively, “ Laws
”) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any
of their properties or other assets or any of their businesses or
operations.
Section
3.9
Information in Proxy Statement . The
Proxy Statement and any other document filed with the SEC by the
Company in connection with the Merger (including the
Schedule 13E-3) taking into account any amendment thereof or
supplement thereto), at the date first mailed to the stockholders
of the Company, at the time of the Company Stockholders Meeting and
at the time filed with the SEC, as the case may be, will not
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in
9
order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made,
not misleading, and the Proxy Statement and such other documents
filed with the SEC by the Company (including the
Schedule 13E-3) will comply in all material respects with the
provisions of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that no
representation is made by the Company with respect to statements
made therein based on information supplied by Parent or Merger Sub
for inclusion in such documents.
Section
3.10
Tax Matters .
(a) The Company and
each of its Subsidiaries has timely filed, or has caused to be
timely filed on its behalf (taking into account any extension of
time within which to file), all Tax Returns required to be filed by
it for which the last day for timely filing has past, and all such
Tax Returns and elections are accurate and complete in all material
respects. All Taxes required to be paid by the Company and each of
its Subsidiaries have been timely paid. The Company has never
received a written claim from any Governmental Authority in a
jurisdiction where the Company or any of its Subsidiaries does not
file Tax Returns that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or
may be subject to taxation by that jurisdiction that has not been
resolved. There are no Liens for Taxes (other than Taxes not yet
due and payable) upon any of the assets of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries.
(b) The Company and
each of its Subsidiaries have withheld and paid all Taxes required
to have been withheld and paid in connection with any amounts paid
to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, stockholder, or
other third party.
(c) The most recent
financial statements contained in the Filed Company SEC Documents
reflect an adequate reserve for all Taxes payable by the Company
and its Subsidiaries for all taxable periods and portion thereof
through the date of such financial statements. No deficiency with
respect to Taxes has been asserted or assessed against the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries.
(d) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has constituted, or has
intended or purported to constitute, either a “distributing
corporation” or a “controlled corporation”
(within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a
distribution of stock qualifying, or intended or purported to
qualify, for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code
since January 1, 2004.
(e) To the
Knowledge of the Company, no audit or other administrative or court
proceedings is pending with or is being conducted by any
Governmental Authority with respect to Taxes of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries and no written notice thereof has been received
and is outstanding.
(f) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract,
agreement, plan or other arrangement that, individually or
collectively, would give rise to the payment of any amount which
would not be deductible by reason of Section 280G of the Code
or would give rise to an excise Tax pursuant to Section 4999
of the Code.
(g) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or is bound by
any Tax allocation or sharing agreement. Neither the Company nor
any of its Subsidiaries (A) has been a member of an Affiliated
Group filing a consolidated federal income Tax Return (other than a
group the common parent of which is the Company) or (B) has an
liability for the Taxes of any other Person (other than the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulation
§ 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or
foreign law), as a transferee or successor, by contract, or
otherwise.
(h) Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary will be required to include any item of
income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income
for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the
Closing Date as a result of (A) a change in method of
accounting for a taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing
Date, (B) any “closing agreement,” as described in
Section 7121 of the Code (or any corresponding provision of
state, local or foreign income Tax law), (C) any installment
sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the
Closing Date, or (D) any prepaid amount received on or prior
to the Closing Date.
(i) The Company is
not and has not been at any time during the 5-year period ending on
the Closing Date a “United States real property holding
corporation” within the meaning of Section 897 of the
Code.
10
(j) For purposes of
this Agreement: (i) “Affiliated Group” shall mean
an affiliated group as defined in Code § 1504 (or
any similar combined, consolidated or unitary group defined under
state, local or foreign Income Tax law),
(ii) “Taxes” shall mean: (A) all federal,
state, local or foreign taxes, charges, fees, imposts, levies or
other tax of any kind whatsoever; and (B) all interest,
penalties, fines, additions to tax or additional amounts, whether
or not disputed, imposed by any Taxing Authority in connection with
any item described in clause “(A)” of this sentence;
and (iii) “Tax Returns” shall mean any return,
report, claim for refund, estimate, information return or
statement, tax election or other similar document relating to,
filed, or required to be filed with any Governmental Authority with
respect to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment thereto, and
including any amendment thereof.
Section
3.11
Employee Benefits and Labor Matters .
(a) Section 3.11(a) of the
Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list, separately with
respect to each country in which the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries has employees, of all Company Plans (as defined
below). “ Company Plans ” shall mean the
following as of the date of this Agreement: (i) all
“employee benefit plans” (as defined in
Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”)); and (ii) all
other written employee benefit plans, programs, policies,
agreements or arrangements, that in the case of either clause
“(i)” or clause “(ii)” of this sentence:
(A) providing for bonus or other incentive compensation,
equity or equity-based compensation, retirement benefit, deferred
compensation, change in control rights or benefits, termination or
severance benefits, stock purchase, sick leave, vacation pay,
salary continuation, hospitalization, medical insurance, life
insurance, fringe benefits or other compensation; and (B) to
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of its ERISA
Affiliates maintains, contributes to or has any obligation or
liability (contingent or otherwise) thereunder for current or
former directors, officers or employees of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries (the “ Employees ”) or to which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation or
liability (contingent or otherwise); provided, however, that
neither a Governmental Program nor any plan, agreement or
arrangement providing for “at will” employment which
can be terminated without liability in excess of $50,000 shall
constitute a Company Plan. “ Governmental Program
” shall mean a plan, program or other arrangement to which
the Company or its Subsidiaries is required to contribute by
applicable Law; for clarity and not by way of limitation, payments
by the Company pursuant to The Federal Insurance Contributions Act
are payments to a Governmental Program. As of the date of this
Agreement no Company Plan which is subject to ERISA is a
“multiemployer plan,” as defined in Section 3(37)
or 4001(a)(3) of ERISA (a “ Multiemployer Plan
”), or is or has been subject to Sections 4063 or 4064
of ERISA.
(b) The Company
Plans are being and have been maintained, funded and administered
in all material respects, in accordance with their terms and with
all applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other applicable
Laws.
(c) Each Company
Plan that is intended to meet the requirements for country specific
tax-favored treatment under Subchapter B of Chapter 1 of
Subtitle A of the Code (in the case of tax-favored treatment for US
federal income tax purposes) or other applicable Laws (other than
the Laws of the United States or jurisdictions located within the
United States and its territories) meets such requirements,
including: (i) any Company Plans intended to qualify under
Section 401 of the Code are so qualified; and (ii) any
trusts intended to be exempt from federal income taxation under
Section 501 of the Code are so exempt. Nothing has occurred or
is reasonably expected to occur with respect to the operation of
the Company Plans that, notwithstanding the taking of corrective
action by the Company, would reasonably be expected to cause the
loss of such tax favored treatment, qualification or exemption, or
the imposition of any liability, penalty or tax under ERISA, the
Code or other applicable Law.
(d) Neither the
Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any other Person who is
treated as a single employer together with the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries pursuant to Section 414(b), (c),
(m) (o) of ERISA (all of the foregoing, “ ERISA
Affiliates ”) maintains, sponsors, contributes to, has
any obligation to contribute to, or has any liability or potential
liability under or with respect to (i) any “defined
benefit plan” as defined in Section 3(35) of ERISA or
any other plan subject to the funding requirements of
Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of Title IV
of ERISA, or (ii) any Multiemployer Plan. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates have any
liability or potential liability to the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation or otherwise under Title IV of ERISA.
11
(e) With respect to
each Company Plan, all contributions (including all employer
contributions and employee salary reduction contributions) that are
due have been made within the time periods prescribed by ERISA and
the Code, and all contributions for any period ending on or before
the Closing Date that are not yet due have been made or properly
accrued. All premiums or other payments for all periods ending on
or prior to the Closing Date have been paid or properly accrued
with respect to each Company Plan that is an employee welfare
benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA). As of the
date of this Agreement, none of the Company Plans has any material
unfunded liabilities that are not accurately reflected on the
latest balance sheet included in the Filed Company SEC
Documents.
(f) Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or ERISA Affiliates, or any
organization to which the Company is a successor or parent
corporation within the meaning of Section 4069(b) of ERISA,
has engaged in any transaction within the meaning of
Section 4069 or 4212(c) of ERISA as to which the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation or liability, contingent
or otherwise.
(g) None of the
Company Plans provide for post-employment life or health insurance,
or other welfare benefits coverage for any participant or any
beneficiary of a participant, except as may be required under the
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended
(“ COBRA ”) or other applicable Laws. Each of
the Company and any ERISA Affiliate which maintains a “group
health plan” within the meaning Section 5000(b)(1) of
the Code has complied with the requirements of Section 4980B
of the Code, COBRA, Part 6 of Subtitle B of Title I of
ERISA and any similar statute.
(h) Except as
provided in any Company Stock Plan or in any employment agreement
disclosed in the Company Disclosure Schedule, neither the execution
and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the
Transactions will: (i) result in any payment becoming due to
any Employee; (ii) increase any benefits otherwise payable
under any Company Plan; or (iii) result in the acceleration of
the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits under any such
plan.
(i) No stock or
other security issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
forms a material part of the assets of any Company Plan. For
purposes of this Section 3.11(i), a Company Stock Plan shall
not be deemed to be a Company Plan.
(j) None of the
current Employees is represented in his or her capacity as an
employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries by any labor
organization or works council or similar representative. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has recognized any labor
organization, nor has any labor organization been elected as the
collective bargaining agent of any Employees, nor is the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries a party to any collective bargaining
agreement or union contract recognizing any labor organization as
the bargaining agent of any Employees. There is no union
organization activity involving any of the Employees, pending or,
to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing. There is no
picketing, pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened
in writing, and there are no strikes, slowdowns, work stoppages,
lockouts, arbitrations or other similar labor disputes involving
any of the Employees pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company,
threatened in writing. There has been no “mass layoff”
or “plant closing” (as defined by the Worker Adjustment
and Retraining Notification Act and any similar state or local
“mass layoff” or “plant closing” law) with
respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries since
January 1, 2004.
Section
3.12
Environmental Matters .
(a) The Company and
each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance in all material respects
with all applicable Environmental Laws. To the Knowledge of the
Company, no facts, circumstances or conditions exist with respect
to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that would, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to give rise to
Environmental Liabilities to the Company or its Subsidiaries in
excess of $500,000.
(b) Except to the
extent the following would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to give rise to Environmental Liabilities in
excess of $500,000, to the Knowledge of the Company, there is not
now, nor has there been in the past, on, in or under any real
property currently or previously owned, leased or operated by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their predecessors:
(i) any underground storage tanks, above-ground storage tanks,
dikes or impoundments; (ii) any asbestos-containing materials;
(iii) any polychlorinated biphenyls;
12
(iv) any radioactive
substances; or (v) any other substance that would give rise to
any liabilities or investigative, corrective or remedial
obligations pursuant to any Environmental Laws.
(c) For purposes of
this Agreement:
(i) “
Environmental Laws ” means all Laws relating in any
way to the environment, preservation or reclamation of natural
resources, the presence, management or Release of, or exposure to,
Hazardous Materials, or to human health and safety, including the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq.), the Hazardous
Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. App. § 1801
et seq.), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq.), the Clean Water Act
(33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.), the Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. § 7401 et seq.), the Toxic Substances
Control Act (15 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq.), the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C.
§ 136 et seq.), and the Occupational Safety and Health
Act (29 U.S.C. § 651 et seq.), as each has been
amended and the regulations promulgated pursuant thereto and all
analogous state, local or foreign laws and regulations.
(ii) “
Environmental Liabilities ” means, with respect to any
Person, all liabilities, obligations, responsibilities, remedial
actions, losses, damages, costs and expenses (including all
reasonable fees, disbursements and expenses of counsel, experts and
consultants and costs of investigation and feasibility studies),
fines, penalties, sanctions and interest incurred as a result of
any claim or demand by any other Person or arising under any
Environmental Law, in any case to the extent based upon or arising
under any Environmental Law, environmental Permit or order or
agreement with any Governmental Authority or other Person under
Environmental Laws.
(iii) “
Hazardous Materials ” means any material, substance of
waste that is regulated, classified, or otherwise characterized
under or pursuant to any Environmental Law as
“hazardous,” “toxic,”
“pollutant,” “contaminant,”
“radioactive” or words of similar meaning or effect,
including petroleum and its by-products, asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls, radon, urea formaldehyde insulation, chlorofluorocarbons
and all other ozone-depleting substances.
(iv) “
Release ” means any spilling, leaking, pumping,
pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping,
leaching, dumping, disposing or migrating into or through the
environment or any natural or man-made structure.
Section
3.13
Intellectual Property .
(a) The Company and
its Subsidiaries are the sole and exclusive owners of or have a
valid right to use, sell or license, as the case may be, all
Intellectual Property necessary to enable the Company and its
Subsidiaries to conduct their business in the manner in which such
businesses are currently being conducted (collectively, the “
Company Intellectual Property ”). The Company
Intellectual Property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries is
not subject to any Lien (other than Permitted Liens).
(b) To the
Knowledge of the Company, the products and operation of the
business of the Company and its Subsidiaries and the use of the
Company Intellectual Property in connection therewith do not
infringe, misappropriate, constitute an unauthorized use of or
otherwise violate any Intellectual Property right of any third
party. Since January 1, 2004, the Company and its
Subsid
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